What is Bibliography?
Chicago Style
A bibliography is a list of works (such as
books and articles) written on a
particular subject or by a particular
author. Adjective: bibliographic.
Also known as a list of works cited, a
bibliography may appear at the end of a
book, report, online presentation,
or research paper.
An annotated bibliography includes a
brief descriptive and evaluative
paragraph (the annotation) for each item
in the list.
The tree types of bibliography
There are two main types of
bibliography formats: MLA (Modern
Language Association) and APA
(American Psychological Association
APPA Style
In an entry for a book in an APA-
style works-cited list, the date (in
parentheses) immediately follows the
name of the author (whose first name is
written only as an initial), just the first
word of the title is capitalized, and the
publisher's full name is generally
provided.
APA
Anderson, I. (2007). This is our music:
Free jazz, the sixties, and American
culture. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press.
MLA Style
in an MLA-style entry, the author's name
appears as given in the work (normally
in full), every important word of the title
is capitalized, some words in the
publisher's name are abbreviated, the
publication date follows the publisher's
name, and the medium of publication is
recorded. . . . In both styles, the first line
of the entry is flush with the left margin,
and the second and subsequent lines
are indented.
MLA
Anderson, Iain. This Is Our Music: Free
Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture.
Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P,
2007. Print. The ArtsExample
Last Name, First Name. “Article
Title.” Journal Name Volume Number
(Year Published): Page Numbers.
Example
Kakutani, Michiko. “Friendship Takes a
Path That Diverges.” Review of Swing
Time, by Zadie Smith. New York Times,
November 7, 2016.
Steps in making
bibliography
1. Make a list to keep track of ALL the
books, magazines, and websites
you read as you follow
your background research plan.
Later this list of sources will become
your bibliography.
2. write down, photocopy, or print the
following information for each
source you find. You can use the
Science Buddies Bibliography
Worksheet to help you.
3. The bibliographic information for
different types of resources are
located in different places, so you
may need to do some detective
work to get all of the information for
your bibliography. Try looking in
these places:
4. When it is time to turn in your
Bibliography, type all of your
sources into a list. Use the
examples in MLA Format
Examples or APA Format
Examples as a template to insure
that each source is formatted
correctly.
5. List the sources in alphabetical
order using the author's last name.
If a source has more than one
author, alphabetize using the first
one. If an author is unknown,
alphabetize that source using the
title instead.
Purpose in making
bibliography
You should write bibliography for a
variety of reasons:
 It helps you evaluate the credibility
and authority of your sources so
that you can use the highest
quality sources in your writing
  To understand and be fully
informed about a topic before
making judgments and writing
about it
 To distinguish between your views
and biases on a topic and what the
research actually shows
 To assess what research you’ve
got so that you can figure out
whether you need to go out and
find more
Examples
You should compile a bibliography when
writing an essay, article, or research
paper that relies heavily on source
material. A bibliography is an
alphabetized list of sources that have
been used to compile data, typically in
an article, essay, or research paper.
This list is found at the end of the work
and allows the person reviewing the
data to verify the veracity of the
statements and/or figures presented in
the data itself. It also allows a writer to
give proper credit for quotes or key
phrases that have been written and
presented in a source that they may
have referenced in their paper so as to
avoid plagiarism.
Bibliography for Books
The basic information you should cite
when referencing a book includes; the
author (surname first, followed by their
given name or initials), the book title (in
italics), the publisher, as well as the
place and date of publication. Each
section should be followed by a full stop.
Your citation should look like this:
Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer. Wu Xia
and the Art of Scooter
Maintenance. New York: Springer,
2003.
Note how the first line is not indented,
but subsequent lines are. This is the
format for all multiple line citations,
regardless of the source of the
information.
If there are more than two authors for
your source, note your citation as
follows:
Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer et.
al. Wu Xia and the Art of
Scooter Maintenance. New York:
Springer, 2003.
Occasionally, you will come across a
source without a listed author; this is
especially common when citing
newspaper articles and articles from the
internet. When this happens, you should
simply move to the next step of your
citation.
Bibliography for Newspaper
& Magazine Articles
For newspapers and magazines you should
include the author, the article title (in
quotation marks), the title of the
newspaper or publication (in italics), the
year of publication and the page numbers
from which the information was gathered.
Doe, John. "How Do You Measure a Year in
the Life?" The Sun Times.
2 July 2010: 1-3.
Bibliography for Online
Resources
When you are citing an online source, do
your best to include the following: the
author, the title of the article or page, the
web address or URL (in italics), and the
date of publication.
Johnson, Mary Anne. "How to Bake the
Perfect Souffle."
http://www.foodnetwork.com/article/perfec
t_souffle. 20 February 2013.
.

Multiple Authors
Should the source have more than one
author, your citation should appear as
follows:
Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer, and
Cindy Lu. Wu Xia and the Art of
Scooter Maintenance. New York:
Springer, 2003.