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1301309590eberhardt - L11-Excavationmethods PDF
1301309590eberhardt - L11-Excavationmethods PDF
Lecture 11:
Excavation Methods
Drill Load
Survey Blast
Bolt V
Ventilate
il
Scoop
Scale
• "aggressive"
gg shape
p Rock with mid UCS
• moderate drilling rates and less abrasivity
Semi- • moderate bit wear (e.g. slate,
• excavation mainly by sandstone, limestone,
Ballistic
shearing/cutting weathered rock)
Thuro (1997)
l. (2002)
nninger et al.
Plin
11 of 45 Erik Eberhardt – UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Drill & Blast – Blast Pattern Design
One of the basic principles of designing the configuration and sequential
detonation of blastholes in a one blast, is the presence of a free face
parallel or sub-parallel to the blast holes, as detonation occurs. In some
cases these free faces may already be present (benches in an open pit
cases,
mine), but in other cases may need to be created by the blast itself (a
tunnel face).
Effects of poor
stemming.
TNU (1995)
NT
24 of 45 Erik Eberhardt – UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Mechanical Excavation
Partial-face
Partial face machines: use a Full-face
Full face machines: use a rotating head
cutting head on the end of a armed with cutters, which fills the tunnel
movable boom (that itself may be cross-section completely, and thus almost
track mounted). always excavates circular tunnels.
muck
out
scoop
scoop
muck
out
cut
Broken conveyor
uneven
new wear
normal heavy
wear wear
U-Anleggsdrrift (1998)
NTNU
33 of 45 Erik Eberhardt – UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
TBM Excavation & Design
The two main factors that will stop
tunnel boring machines are either
the rock is too hard to cut or that
the rock is too soft to sustain the
reactionary force necessary to
push the machine forward. TBM’s
will operate within certain ranges
of
f rockk deformability
d f bili andd strength,
h
where the machine can be tailored
to a specific range to achieve
maximum efficiency (the risk being
if rock conditions diverge from
those the TBM is designed for) .
2000)
Barla & Pelizza (2
Instability problems at the tunnel
face, encountered during excavation of
the 12.9km long g Pinglin
g tunnel in
Taiwan.
“Double” shield
TBM
“Single” shield
TBM
Open-face
shields
Closed-face
shields
clay
y foam injector
j
ek (2001)
effectively “swallowing” one of the TBMs.
Hoe
more than 33 years to tunnel the full 24 km. the trapped TBM.