RYANA RECAR G.

FERREROS

SECTION B

Generic/ Trade Classification Indication Mechanism of Contradiction Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Action/Indication

Paracetamol Anti-pyretic Symptomatic inhibits prostaglandin
(Biogesic) relief of pain and biosynthesis in the central
fever. nervous system but not (or
hardly) in the peripheral
tissues. Paracetamol only
has minimal anti-
inflammatory action
compared to non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory agents.
Generic/ Trade Classification Indication Mechanism of
Name Action/Indication
 Contraindicated in rash, blood  Use liquid form for
patients disorders, children and patients
hypersensitive to hypotension (low who have difficulty
drug. blood pressure) - swallowing.
 Use cautiously in when given by  In children, don’t
patients with long injection into the exceed five doses in
term alcohol use vein (in hospital), 24 hours.
because therapeutic liver and kidney  Advise patient that
doses cause damage - when drug is only for
hepatotoxicity in taken at higher than short term use and to
these patients. recommended consult the
doses. physician if giving
to children for
longer than 5 days
or adults for longer
than 10 days.
 Advise patient or
caregiver that many
over the counter
products contain
acetaminophen; be
aware of this when
calculating total
daily dose.
 Warn patient that
high doses or
unsupervised long
term use can cause
liver damage.
Contradiction Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Metronidazole Antibiotic To treat systemic Undergoes intracellular Breast-feeding, Ataxia, dizziness,  If pt has adverse
 (Anerobizol) Amebicide Anaerobic chemical reduction during hypersensitivity to encephalopathy, CNS reactions, such
Antiprotozoal infections caused by anaerobic metabolism. metronidazole or its fever, headache, as seizures or
Bacteroides fragilis, After metronidazole is components, light- headedness, peripheral
Clostidium reduced, it damages trichomoniasis during peripheral neuropathy, tell
difficile, clostridium DNAs helical structure first trimester of neuropathy, seizures prescriber and stop
perfingens, and breaks its strands, pregnancy (high drug immediately
Eubacterium, which inhibits bacterial doses)  Monitor pt with
Fusobacterium, nucleic acid synthesis severe liver disease
Peptococcus, and causes cell death Dry mouth, because slowed
Peptostreptococcus, lacrimation (topical metronidazole
and Veillonella form), metallic taste, metabolism may
pharyngitis cause drug to
To treat amebiasis accumulate in the
(Entamoeba Abdominal cramps body and increase
histolytica) or pain, anorexia, the risk of adverse
diarrhea, nausea, effects.
pancreatitis,  If skin irritation
vomiting occurs, apply topical
gel less frequently or
Darkened urine, discontinue it, as
dysuria, urinary ordered.
frequency, vulvitis  Monitor CBC and
(vaginal form) culture and
sensitivity test if
Leukopenia, Back therapy lasts longer
pain, burning than 10 days or if
sensation, second course of
stinging sensation, treatment is needed
dry skin  Give IV drug by
slow infusion over 1
hr; don’t give by
direct IN injection

Generic/ Trade Classification Indication Mechanism of Contradiction Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Action/Indication

Ciprofloxacin Antibacterial Ciprofloxacin is Inhibition of topoisomerase contraindicated in Nausea, Vomiting,  Instruct patient not
(Quinosyn) used to treat (DNA gyrase) persons with a Stomach pain, to take ciprofloxacin
infections of the enzymes, history of Heartburn, Diarrhea, with dairy products
skin, lungs, which inhibits hypersensitivity to Feeling an such as milk or
airways, bones, relaxation of ciprofloxacin, any urgent need to yogurt, or with
 and supercoiled member of the urinate, Headache, calcium-fortified
joints caused by DNA and quinolone class of Hives, Difficulty juice. may eat or
susceptible promotes antimicrobial agents, breathing or drink dairy products
bacteria. breakage of or any of the product swallowing, or calcium-fortified
Ciprofloxacin is double components. Hoarseness or throat juice with a regular
also frequently stranded tightness, Rapid, meal, but do not use
used DNA. irregular, or them alone when
to treat urinary pounding heartbeat, taking ciprofloxacin.
infections caused Fainting, Fever They could make the
by bacteria such as medication less
E. coli. effective.
Ciprofloxacin is  Inform that
effective in treating Ciprofloxacin may
infectious cause swelling or
diarrheas tearing of a tendon
caused by E. coli, (the fiber that
Campylobacter connects bones to
jejuni, and Shigella muscles in the
bacteria body), especially in
the Achilles' tendon
of the heel. may be
more likely to occur
if you are over 60, if
you take an oral
steroid medication,
or if you have had a
kidney, heart, or
lung transplant.
Generic/ Trade Classification Indication Mechanism of Contradiction Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Action/Indication

Lactulose Gastrointestinal prevention and tx Causes an influx of Low galactose diet & Abdominal  Administer with
(Cephulac, agent, of portal-systemic fluid in the intestinal intestinal obstruction discomfort correct dosage
Chronulac) hyperosmotic encephalopathy tract by increasing associated w/  Do not administer
laxative (PSE), including the osmotic pressure flatulence or when patient already
stages of hepatic within the intestinal cramps. pass out stool
precoma and coma, lumen. Bacterial Prolonged use or specially if stool is
and by prescription metabolism of the drug to large doses may liquid
for relief of lactate and other acids result in diarrhea  Notify physician if
chronic which are only partially w/ excessive loss diarrhea persists
constipation absorbed in the distal of water &
ileum and colon augments electrolytes
the osmotic effects of
lactulose. The distention of
the colon due to
increased fluid enhances
intestinal motility and
secretion. These result to
the passage of soft stools.
Decrease in the luminal pH
(due to bacterial
metabolism) further
increase motility and
secretion. Lactulose also
lowers intestinal
absorption of ammonia
presumably due to
increased utilization of
ammonia by intestinal
bacteria.