Chapter 8

Managing
Human
Resources
 LEARNING OUTCOME
Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan proses
manajemen sumberdaya manusia
What is Human Resource?
 Human Resource
All Capabilities (skills, talents, and abilities)
that contribute to achieving goals
and responding to demands

Knowledge, intelligence,
and reasoning Cognitive
Emotions and feelings Affective
Muscular activity to
do physical work
Psychomotor

The sum total of individual’s human resources = human capital

 Measuring
Human Resources
 Population Terms

Demography
Immigration
Study of Fertility
characteristics of Mortality Number of
human populations: = birthrate = death people who
the size, growth, Fertility rate: enter and settle
Mortality rate:
distribution, density, yearly number of in a country
death per
movement, etc births per 1000 where they are
1000
women of individuals per not native
childbearing age year
Population Trends
in Indonesia
 Population Pyramids
(cencus 1961-2010)
1961 1971 1980
75+ 75+ 75+
70-74 70-74 70-74
65-69 65-69 65-69
60-64 60-64 60-64
Laki-laki 55-59 Perempuan Laki-laki 55-59 Perempuan Laki-laki 55-59 Perempuan
50-54 50-54 50-54
45-49 45-49 45-49
40-44 40-44 40-44
35-39 35-39 35-39
30-34 30-34 30-34
25-29 25-29 25-29
20-24 20-24 20-24
15-19 15-19 15-19
10-14 10-14 10-14
5-9 5-9 5-9
0-4 0-4 0-4

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan
1990 2000 2010
75+ 75+ 75+
70-74 70-74 70-74
65-69 65-69 65-69
60-64 60-64 Laki-laki 60-64 Perempuan
Laki-laki 55-59 Perempuan Laki-laki 55-59 Perempuan 55-59
50-54 50-54 50-54
45-49 45-49 45-49
40-44 40-44 40-44
35-39 35-39 35-39
30-34 30-34 30-34
25-29 25-29 25-29
20-24 20-24 20-24
15-19 15-19 15-19
10-14 10-14 10-14
5-9 5-9 5-9
0-4 0-4 0-4

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan Jutaan
 Current Fertility Rate
Age-specific rates and total fertility rate, the general fertility rate, and the crude birth rate for
the three years preceding the survey, by residence, Indonesia
Residence
Total
Age group Urban Rural
2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012
15-19 26 32 74 69 51 48
20-24 116 121 153 156 135 138
25-29 138 145 131 141 134 143
30-34 104 108 110 98 108 103
35-39 59 59 70 64 65 62
40-44 17 22 21 20 19 21
45-49 4 3 7 6 6 4

TFR 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6

GFR 80.0 82.0 97.0 94.0 89.0 88.0
CBR 20.2 20.1 21.5 20.7 20.9 20.4
Notes: Age-specific fertility rates are per 1,000 women. Rates for age group 45-49 may be
slightly biased due to truncation. Rates are for the period 1-36 months prior to interview.
TFR: Total fertility rate expressed per woman
GFR: General fertility rate expressed per 1,000 women age 15-44
CBR: Crude birth rate, expressed per 1,000 population
 Number of Aged People
14.00%
12.65%
12.00%

10.00%
7.93%
8.00% 7.18%
6.90%
6.00%
4.50%
4.00%

2.00%

0.00%
1971 1990 2000 2010 2025

Source: census data and population projection data

 Age of Women’s First Marriage
%
45.0
41.9
40.0

35.0 33.6

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0
11.5
10.0
4.8 5.7
5.0
1.9
0.6
-
10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 > 35 Not answered

Source: Riskesdas 2010

 Family

64.69
million
Number of
Indonesian family

28.04 Number of Pre prosperous and

million first phase of prosperous family

Source: Pendataan Keluarga 2012

What are the
Causes of the
Changes?
= to cause to be different, to alter, or to transform

Internal External
Change Change
Originates within Fostered by
the family : Birth, marriage, society/ outer
divorce, death environment
Adaptability = the ability to cope with change
Mobility: term for changing residences
Money, value, stressor
 How to
Manage
Change?
Managing human resource is about
Caring for others and for oneself
Ohana
If family by its nature means
caring for each other,
Then what so interesting to
cover it on this subject?
 divorce
single parent
remarriage
step parenting
cohabitation
blended family
poverty
longevity
dual-earner family
 Two-Earner Families
• Both spouses had income-producing jobs, usually
better education
• Trend of two-earner family in Indonesia?
• Usually have more money (is it two times then
single earner family?)
• Marital satisfaction: affected by spousal support
and sensitivity
• Issue:
– Dividing household task equitably
– Balancing work and family responsibility
– Making joint financial decision
 Child Care
• Caregiving: devotion to improve the quality of life
for another
– Child care: the full-time care and education of children
under age 6 (may be paid or unpaid)
– Caregiving for elderly
• Increase working mother vs. child care?
– Social support?
• Issue on child care:
– Child abuse
– Boomeranging: return of adult children to their
parents’ homes
 Caregiving and the Elderly
• The need for elder care is less well
acknowledged
• Sandwich generation: care for children and
elderly parents
• Difficulty on taking care elderly affected by:
health status, personality, mutual resources,
and social support
• Maintain elderly sense of humor and desire
for independence and dignity is important
• Gerontology : scientific study of aging process
 Adjusting to Retirement
• Higher life expectancy  longer live in
retirement
• Retirement planning
– Start earlier is better
• Changing lifestyle on the retirement phase
• Considering total well-being on the
retirement: physical, emotional, and spiritual
Tahun 2025, Angka Harapan Hidup Penduduk
Indonesia 73,7 Tahun , saat ini 69 tahun
(Bappenas 2015)
 The Homeless
• A single most expensive purchase for most
families: HOME
• Homeless in Indonesia: 18.935 that spread in 33
city or district (BPS 2010), Ministry of Social Affair
jotted 25.662 wanderers people in 2010
• Factors affected increase of homeless people:
– Urbanization without appropriate skills
– Increase of poverty
– US: Government policy on public housing (Indonesia?)
– Mental health
 Kota di Dunia dengan
Tunawisma Terbanyak di
Dunia
1. New York
2. Manila, Filipina
3. Jakarta, Indonesia
 Individual with Disabilities
• Different countries have different definition on
disability and handicaps
• Indonesia: UU No. 4 Tahun 1997 tentang
Disabilitas
• Although has limitation, individual with
disability can function wholly and well in many
ways  independent living and accessibility
• Important: family support system and home
environment that support individual with
disabilities
Single-Parent and Blended Families
• Difficulties of single-parent:
– Raising child
– No relief, no place to share
– Insufficient income
• Blended Family: new families that include
children from previous relationship
(stepfamilies/combined/reconstituted families)
– Issue of step mother on parenting practice
• Strength:
– Single-parent: consistency on parenting practice
– Blended families: understanding of each other when
there is open communication
Poverty and Low-Income Families

• Poverty: state of being poor and the inevitably to

provide for basic needs on a consistent basis
• About 43.35% of Indonesian family categorize as
poor (pre prosperous family and first phase of
prosperity)
• Intergenerational transfer of poverty study: most
sample experience same welfare status in two
generations of family
• Poverty eradication program by government
– For who? What forms? How long?
 References
• Goldsmith, EB. 2010. Resource Management
for Individual and Families, Fourth Edition.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall
GRACIAS