GANGA RIVER BASIN AND POLLUTION

The Ganga river water is absolutely unfit for "direct drinking" and only
seven spots from where it passes can be consumed after disinfection, the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has said. According to the latest data with the
CPCB, most of the Ganga river water in the Uttar Pradesh-West Bengal stretch is
unfit for drinking and bathing.
A map released by the CPCB shows high level of bacteria in the river.
Out of 86 live monitoring stations installed in as many locations, only seven areas
have been found to be fit for drinking after disinfection process, while 78 have
been found unfit.
In a country where scores of people flock to take a dip in the Ganga,
which is considered as the lifeline of India, the CPCB says the river water is so
polluted that it is unfit for bathing, let alone drinking. Only 18 spots have been
found to be fit for bathing, while 62 areas from where it flows have been found
unfit.
"On the banks of river Ganga, there are over 1100 industrial units which
discharge their waste into the river. Today, not a single industry is discharging
black waste in the river. That is the level to which we have brought it," Union
Environment Secretary C K Mishra said. Mishra also said that the situation was
not a "happy" one but efforts were on.
"Sewage is a big issue. Work is going on and it will take a little while.
Every day we monitor the water quality," he said when asked about river
cleaning.

HYPOTHESIS:

River Ganga receives more water from sewage rather than natural sources
create pollution which affect aquatic ecosystem.

RELEVANCE -

Due to over increasing population, pollution is also increasing due to this

the river and lake water are getting contaminated the water from factories and
are directly let out into the water and the sewage from the cites are thrown into
the water which made water contaminated. The people in villages wash their
clothes & animals in the river, lake & when oil tanks are been transported from
 waterways the oil leakages from the ship spread in the water which harms the
aquatic life. The animals that live in water at this type of contaminated thing and
their life & becomes in danger. The people who consume these types of fishes
they harm their life in this way sewage let out in Lake River.

Sewage is a water-carried waste, in solution or suspension that is intended

to be removed from a community. Also known as wastewater, it is more than 99%
water and is characterized by the volume or rate of flow, physical condition,
chemical constituents, and the bacteriological organisms that it contains.

OBJECTIVES:
 To make awareness about increasing water pollution.

 To restrict the factories on letting the sewage in water bodies.

 Increasing pollution resulting in poor health of human being as well as animals.

 Letting out sewage in water harms environmental factors.

 Pollution causes the spread of diseases.

 Sewage can be disposed of in other ways like dilution.

 To make people aware that we contaminate water too by our daily activities.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE -

Many researches were carried out to know the contamination of river

Ganga but no one has ever carried out comparative study of waters being added
in it. Therefore to find out the amount of natural and sewage water, researcher
has decided to conduct the research on this topic.

METHOD AND METHODOLOGY :

The Project has been done in a knowledge acquiring method. It improved

our knowledge of our environment. The information is acquired by means of own
knowledge, Internet sites and books related to the environment.

In the past three decades, multi billion investment done to upgrade

municipal sewage treatment systems in the Ganga river basin but still serious
pollution problem is there, such as the extreme eutrophication of river. However,
despite these advances, the fact remains that much of the surface waters
surrounding large urban areas are often unsafe for bathing, lack biological
diversity, and the local fish are unsafe to eat. This is largely due to contamination
caused by the sewage dumped directly into local waters.

Unfortunately, the antiquated sewer systems found in most Ganga river

basin continue to regularly release huge quantities of partially treated or
untreated sewage directly into the environment through spills, bypasses and
combined sewer outfalls.

Typical municipal sewage is a foul cocktail of water, human waste,

microorganism, disease-causing pathogens and hundreds of toxic chemicals. The
principal pollutants found in sewage include oxygen-depleting substances
(referred to as Biological Oxygen Demand or BOD), suspended solids and
nutrients- each of which carrying a heavy ecological toll when released into a
fragile ecosystem)

We went through the topics mentioned in the Environment Textbook. We

came across this interesting and necessary project for pollution-free earth. The
river receives more water from sewage than natural water flow.

It was a great help from the internet for searching for information on topics
like the importance of water, river, lake, water resources, pollution by factories.

OBSERVATIONS:-

With all its natural riches, the Ganga river region has seen tremendous economic
growth in the past century. Currently over 35 million people live in the river basin
with almost half drawing drinking water directly there from the Ganga. On both
sides, major industries, mining and manufacturing all place a heavy burden on the
river’s delicate ecosystems.

In a recent report, more than 150 scientists and natural resources managers
assessed the state of the Ganga river ecosystem. Their report highlighted a long
list of serious threats to the health of the Ganga river including the invasion of
non-invasion of alien non-native species, loss of natural habitat, and toxic
contamination from various sources in both countries. Add on the impacts due to
climate changes, which is altering precipitation patterns throughout the Ganga
river basin in addition to the overall warming.
One can conclude that the Ganga River is under assault by us. A lot of slums play
an important role in this sewage problem because of the problems faced by the
slums.

In the past three decades, multi-billion dollar investments to upgrade municipal

sewage treatment systems in the Ganga river basin have we observe that clue to
sewage rainy rivers, tanks, lakes etc. are polluted these cause great damage to
everything we survive in that water and use that water many rivers and lake
receive more sewage water than its natural water. In India many rivers are there
as Godavari, Brahmaputra etc. But the Ganga is the best example for the polluted
water.

So large that we cannot use it if we use that water it is harmful to our life and it
causes a lot of diseases in the human body. The Ganga is considered as a goddess
in India but the people in polluting Ganga more. After a few years that river will
damaged. As this pollution will be continuing there will be no water for drinking
and the people has to suffer a lot of loss and life will be very difficult.

ANALYSIS OF DATA:

Due to over increasing pollution the river is also polluted in large scale. Sewage is
thrown in the river directly. The Ganga is the most populated river in India. Its
population rate of Ganga has become very high and so that it is very dangerous
for aquatic life. They are not able to live in the river. The animal in Ganga is in
danger because the polluted water which goes into their body causes harm to
their health many fishes and other aquatic life have been dying because of that
and the people who consume this fishes their health also comes in danger. If this
type of thing will be going on there will be a danger to life. Therefore, the
government of India should take strict action and save the river Ganga from
polluting. So that we are our future generations will not in danger and aquatic life
be safe from danger and their life will be saved.

RESULT:

Hypothesis is rejected because though large amount of sewage is added in

river Ganga but the amount natural water is far ahead than sewage. But yes
amount of sewage is also a huge concern for us.
CONCLUSION:

As the pollution and sewage problem is becoming very high it should be justly
curved otherwise, it will create a lot of problems to the people living on the earth
and our future generation. The govt. of India has introduced a plan of cleaning the
rivers and makes them free from sewage and pollution and there will be only
natural and fresh water flowing in the river.

The plan of cleaning Ganga river is very important as because the polluting level
of river is very increasing and it is high from the level it should be not through
anything in the river the factory sewage should not be in the river and the city’s
waste water should be purified and then flown in the river it will occur more
pollution and the river cleaning must be done and so that the river will be purified
and our water will be fully purified and the environment will be saved.

The Ganga River is a gift to all that live in the basin and we must not continue to
squander that gift. These citizens share one of the largest freshwater ecosystems
on earth- containing one tenth of the world’s fresh water. When you consider
those suffering through droughts and the impacts of severe water quality
degradation around the world, it is clear that to live in the Ganga river basin is a
globally unique privilege, In the coming years climate change and increased
population and urbanization in the Ganga river basin will continue to add
pressure on an already strained ecosystem.

The Ganga River is a gift to all that live in the basin and we must not continue to
squander that gift. These citizens share one of the largest freshwater ecosystems
on earth – containing one-tenth of the world’s freshwater. When you consider
those suffering through droughts and the impacts of severe water quality
degradation around the world, it is clear that to live in the Ganga River basin is a
globally unique privilege. In the coming years, climate change and increased
population and urbanization in the Ganga River basin will continue to add
pressure on an already strained ecosystem.

OPINION/SUGGESTIONS:-

It is not just the responsibility of governments to act; each and every citizen
within the basin must act to improve the plight of the Ganga. Governments must
come together under a common mission to clean up the Ganga, In particular, to
control discharges from municipal sewage treatment plants. The technology and
know-how already exist. It simply requires an investment in these proven
technologies, programs and infrastructure. Now is the time to clean up our act.

BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE:

• https://www.scribd.com/document/248884586/Evs-Project

• https://kupdf.net/download/evs project_59f489aae2b6f5a90cef07cf_pdfba

• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/Around-
80-of-sewage-in-Indian-cities-flows-into-water
systems/articleshow/18804660.cms