UNIT III

FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID THROUGH DUCTS

2 Marks
1. Explain the velocity profile.
When a fluid is flowing over a surface of through a pipe, its velocity at various points in a
plane perpendicular to the direction of flow is rarely uniform. The rate of change of
velocity with distance from the surface will determined the resistance to flow.
2. Write the Darcy weishback equation.

3. Write chezy’sformula for loss of head due to friction in pipes.

4. What are the major and minor losses in pipes?

Major losses
This is due to friction and it is calculated by a) Darcy weishbach formula b)
Chezy’s formula.
Minor losses
This is due to a) sudden expansion of pipe b) sudden contraction of pipe c)bend in
pipe d) pipe fittings e)an obstruction in pipe.
5. How the friction factor is calculated for laminar flow?

6. How the friction factor is calculated for turbulent flow?

7. Write the formula for loss of head due to sudden contraction.

 8.Write the formula for loss of head due to sudden contraction.

9. Define sonic velocity.

In case of fluid, whenever there is a minor disturbance the molecules change in position before
the transmission of propagation of disturbance depends upon its elastic properties. The
propagation of disturbance is similar to the propagation of sound through media. The speed of
propagation of sound in media is known as sonic velocity.
10. Write the formula for loss of head at the entrance of pipe.

11. Write about the loss of head at the exit of pipe.

12.Write the formula for loss of head due to an obstruction in a pipe.

13. Write about the loss of head due to bend in pipe.

14.Write the formula for loss of head in various pipe fittings.

16 Marks
1. How will you determine the loss of head due to friction by using Darcy,s weisbach and
chezy’s formula? (or) Derive Darcy weishbach formula and chezy’s formula.
2. Explain about the minor losses in pipes.
3. Problems related to loss of head.
4. Explain the velocity profile for flow of water through a smooth and rough pipes.