MATH1310M: Integral Calculus with Applications

Solution to Term Test 1

Note: The methods are not unique, and the final answers might be in different but
equivalent forms.

1. (“Bonus”) State and prove the substitution rule for definite integrals. (10 pts)

Statement:

If f (x) is continuous on [a, b] and u(x) is differentiable on (a, b), then

Z b Z u(b)
0
f (u(x))u (x)dx = f (u)du.
a u(a)

Proof:

Let F (x) be an anti-derivative of f (x). Then the right hand side gives
Z u(b) u(b)
f (u)du = F (u) = F (u(b)) − F (u(a)).

u(a) u(a)

By the chain rule, (F (u(x))) = f (u(x))u0 (x). Therefore, the left hand side gives
0 0
Z b b
f (u(x))u0 (x)du = F (u(x)) = F (u(b)) − F (u(a)).

a a

2. Sketch the region bounded by equations y = x2 and y = 2 − x2 , and calculate the

area. (15 pts)

Sketch of graph: omitted.

The intersections are (−1, 1) and (1, 1). Therefore, the area is
Z 1  
2 2 2 3 1 8
(−x + 2) − (x )dx = − x + 2x  = .
−1 3 −1 3
3. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the x-axis the region
bounded by y = ex , x = 1, x = 2 and x-axis. (15 pts)

The cross section at x is a disk with area πe2x . Therefore, the volume is
Z 2
π 2 π
πe2x dx = e2x  = (e4 − e2 ).
1 2 1 2

4. Evaluate the following definite and indefinite integrals.

Z 2
(a) x ln xdx (10 pts)
1

1 1
Set u = ln x, dv = xdx, then du = dx, v = x2 . Therefore,
x 2
Z 2 Z 2
1 2
 1 1 2 3
x ln xdx = x2 ln x − xdx = 2 ln 2 − x2  = 2 ln 2 − .
1 2 1 1 2 4 1 4
Z √
(b) 1 − x2 dx (10 pts)

Set x = sin u, then dx = cos udu and 1 − x2 = 1 − sin2 u = cos2 u. Therefore,

Z √
sin−1 x sin(2 sin−1 x)
Z
u sin 2u
1 − x dx = cos2 udu = +
2 +C = + + C.
2 4 2 4

Z π/2
(c) sin3 xdx (10 pts)
0

Set u = cos x, du = − sin xdx, cos 0 = 1, cos(π/2) = 0. Therefore,

π/2 0
u3
Z Z  
3 2 0 2
sin xdx = 1 − u (−du) = −u  = .
0 1 3 1 3
Z
1
(d) dx (10 pts)
x2 + 2x
Z Z
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
dx = − dx = ln |x| − ln |x + 2| + C.
x + 2x 2 x x+2 2 2