International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)

National Conference on "Renewable Energy Innovations for Rural Development”

HARMONIC REDUCTION IN WIND FARM USING DYNAMIC

VOLTAGE RESTORER BASED ON ANFIS
B.Ashok kumar, Assistant professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Thiagrajar college of Engineering, Madurai,
ashokudt@tce.edu
Dr.N.Kamaraj, Professor and Head (EEE) dept., Thiagrajar College, Madurai, nkeee@tce.edu
C.K.Subasri, PG student, (EEE) dept, Thiagrajar collage, Madurai, ssmk.2013@gmail.com
Abstract
Penetration of wind power in to electrical grid results in power Generator starts to consume large amount of reactive power
quality problem. The influence of fixed speed wind generator from the power grid. Shortage of reactive power may occur
in grid system hardly uses Power Electronic Converters. The which in turn affects line voltage of the system.
usage of Power Electronic Converters may cause power loss The major issues concentrated in this work are voltage
and affects the power quality of system. The power quality Harmonics, voltage sag and swell. Voltage sag is also major
issues can be eliminated with the help of Dynamic Voltage power quality problem which is caused due to three phases to
Restorer. This paper proposes new control strategy of ANFIS ground fault or a large motor starting. It also causes major
based DVR operating under unbalanced and distorted issues in the wind system such as equipment tripping, shut
conditions. The control scheme aims at eliminating voltage down and misoperation. Sometimes negative effects caused by
sag and reducing current harmonics. The system is simulated wind turbine generator on power grid due to three phases to
through MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation ground fault affect the system performance and make the
results show the effective influence of DVR on the system unstable. To overcome such problem additional
improvement of voltage profile as well as reduction of devices are required which gives better voltage regulation and
Harmonics in grid connected Wind Energy Conversion also to meet grid code requirements [3].
System. The performance of the system is tested with Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) acts as controlled
conventional and ANFIS controller and comparisons of results voltage source which can compensate voltage Harmonics,
are made which proves that ANFIS control gives better results voltage sag as well as voltage swell. Its main function is to
when compared to conventional control technique. inject voltage on the system to compensate the disturbances
Keywords—Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Proportional affecting the grid voltage. DVR [7] is connected through the
Integral (PI) Controller, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), line using series transformer. The main aim of DVR is to
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Adaptive Neural Fuzzy achieve voltage imbalance compensation, voltage regulation as
Interference System (ANFIS). well as current harmonic compensation.
There are few techniques in [8], [9] which are introduced
I. INTRODUCTION to improve power quality without additional device in wind
generator based on double fed induction generator [10].
Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, tidal, hybrid Double fed induction generator costs high and create more
each contribute power to generate electricity. Due to shortage harmonics. Because of the above reasons wind turbine
of fuels and environmental pollution caused by green house equipped with low cost squirrel cage Induction generator is
gases, Renewable energy sources like wind energy plays an used widely in many countries.
important role in present scenario. Wind energy has The work has been tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK
remarkable growth [1] due to less cost and easy availability. In software and the simulation results prove that ANFIS based
order to increase the power production and makes energy control strategy based DVR technique can improve the voltage
efficient, wind farm is made to interconnect with power grid quality as well as reduce harmonics when compared to PI
[2]. The connection of large wind farms to power grid may technique. ANFIS based technology [19] has been used as it
result in power quality problems [4]. The sensitive loads are has advantage of robustness, easily adaptive and very fast
used widely in many industries which are the major causes of technology.
Harmonics [5]. Conventional Power Electronics converter like II. Dynamic Voltage Restorer
rectifiers creates harmonics which leads to adverse effect.
During interconnection of large wind farms with grid, wind
ISSN No: 2250-3536 79
NCREIRD 2014 Organized by "Rural Energy Centre, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Tamilnadu" Sponsored by "University
Grants Commission, New Delhi"
 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on "Renewable Energy Innovations for Rural Development”
The techniques using power electronic devices [6] to reduce pitch angle and wind speed. Pitch angle is considered to be
power quality issues can be shown in detail manner [11]. To maintained at zero in order to attain maximum power. Pitch
keep power quality under limits some sort of compensation is angle controller is not considered in many applications.
required and must be included in the system. Compensating Asynchronous type Induction Generator is used in this work.
methods are classified in to two types. They are series The wind speed is kept as 12m/s which are considered to be
compensation and shunt compensation. Series compensation is nominal value which may vary from 8 to 12 m/s according to
used to improve the voltage quality and shunt compensation is fluctuations. The mechanical torque is produced from turbine
used to improve the current quality. Series filters are used which is made to couple with Induction Generator [15]. Wind
mainly to reduce and mitigate voltage harmonics. It is best farm is provided with three phase line to ground fault. The
suitable and costless apparatus to mitigate the voltage profiles fault on wind farm side causes negative effect in power grid.
like voltage sags and swells. Due to fault, line voltage gets affected. The capacitor bank
Dynamic Voltage Restorer [13] is device that can provided in each substation can support wind farm in faulty
produce a sinusoidal voltage at fundamental frequency. It cases. But grid has to be protected. Hence DVR controller is
consists of Voltage Source converter, AC filter, and injection installed across grid side to protect grid from negative effect
transformer etc. The main function of the converter is to caused by wind turbine. It has to meet the grid code
correct the voltage [12] which is accomplished by injection of requirement voltage fluctuation limit is about ± 5 %.
the controlled voltage in series with the line through injection
transformers. To remove harmonics passive filter is used.
Injection Transformer is used to step up low AC voltage to the
required voltage level. In addition to mitigation of voltage sag
and swell, the DVR can compensate voltage harmonics [14].

Fig. 2. Block diagram of wind farm interconnected with power

grid

The RMS value of the grid voltage and the fluctuating voltage
values are applied to the PI [16] control block. The output of
the PI block is converted to the firing angles using PWM
technique in which DVR acts according to signal thereby
voltage sag [17] is rectified across grid and give protection.

Fig.1. Voltage Source Converter (VSC)

Fig.1. Is the Voltage source converter is power electronic
device that can produce a sinusoidal voltage of expected
magnitude, phase angle and frequency. The main function of
the converter is to correct the voltage by injection of the
controlled voltage in series with the line through series
injection transformers.
III. METHODOLOGY
The work mainly focus on wind farm coupled with
induction generator is made to integrate with power grid. The
wind turbine has three major components as generator speed,
IV. CONTROL STRATEGY
Conventional Control
This method is applicable especially in three phase
system. Control algorithm is developed by comparing the
reference voltage and fluctuating voltage. To minimize the
error control signal is fed to PI controller [16]. Therefore PI
controller is required to achieve controller performance at very
faster rate. Firing angle is produced by PWM technique.

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NCREIRD 2014 Organized by "Rural Energy Centre, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Tamilnadu" Sponsored by "University
Grants Commission, New Delhi"
 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on "Renewable Energy Innovations for Rural Development”
 The training adjusts the membership function
parameters and plots the training data.
 The training is done by a data set that contains
desired input/output data pairs of the system which
has to be modeled.
 Training error plots has been observed closely.
Usually these training data sets are collected based on
observations of the target system and are then stored
in separate files.
 The testing is done by selecting appropriate data sets
and plots are created, correspondingly the rules are
saved with separate names and rule name is imported
from workspace to fuzzy block.

Fig. 3. Simulation diagram of PI controller

Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Interference system

ANFIS stands for Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference

System. With the help of given input/output [18] data set, the
toolbox ANFIS [19] function constructs a fuzzy inference
system in which membership function parameters are tuned
using a back propagation algorithm alone. They can also be
tuned with the combination of a least squares type of method Fig.4. Simulation diagram of ANFIS controller
[20].
 Layer 1 represents input layer which passes crisp V. SIMULATION RESULTS
values to next layer.
 Layer 2 is fuzzification layer. The system parameters are given in Table 1. It is used to
 Layer 3 corresponds to rule layer. Sugeno type fuzzy verify the effectiveness of the DVR with PI and ANFIS. The
rue is performed in this layer. simulations were accomplished using Matlab Simulink
 Layer 4 corresponds to normalisation layer.
 Layer 5 corresponds to defuzzification layer. Table 1: System parameters
Values used in the
 Layer 6 is single summation layer. Parameters Simulation Models
Main supply voltage 11KV
ALGORITHM Line frequency 60 HZ
 Load data and plot the data for training and testing. Source Impedance Ls=16.59 mH
FIS model is generated. The FIS model parameter Rs= 0.8928 Ω
Injection Transformer 1:1
optimization method is chosen either by back Turns ratio
propagation or a mixture of back propagation and PI Controller
Kp=0.1
least squares. Ki=2
 The number of training epochs has been selected. Capacitor in DVR 2200 micro Farad
Now the FIS model is trained. Non linear load R=20 ohm,
Bridge Rectifier L=5Milli Henry

ISSN No: 2250-3536 81

NCREIRD 2014 Organized by "Rural Energy Centre, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Tamilnadu" Sponsored by "University
Grants Commission, New Delhi"
 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on "Renewable Energy Innovations for Rural Development”
Inverter IGBT based, 3 arms, 6 Case 2: The simulation work is carried out with compensation
pulse
Carrier frequency =
technique using PI Controller. The sag is mitigated by using
10000 Hz DVR with PI Controller.
Asynchronous generator Stator resistance = 0.016
ohm
Nominal power 1MW
Voltage = 11KV
Frequency = 60 HZ

Case 1:
In the proposed system, the voltage sag occurs due to
the three phase fault applied in the time interval of 0.02s to
Fig.9. Voltage sag mitigated by DVR (Source voltage)
0.09s. The non linear load such as Bridge Rectifier produces
harmonics. The simulation waveforms are listed below.

Fig.5. Voltage sag due to three phase fault (0.02s to 0.09s) Fig.10. Source current waveform due to non linear load (Bridge
Rectifier) after compensation using DVR with PI controller.

Fig.6. THD level of source voltage waveform it is about 5%.

Fig 11. THD level of source current waveform it is about 6.28%
Harmonics level of current has been reduced after compensation
using DVR with PI controller.

Case 3: The simulation is carried out with compensation

technique using ANFIS control technique and waveforms are
listed below. The sag is mitigated by using DVR with anfis
based control technique.
Fig.7.Source current waveform due to non linear load (Bridge
Rectifier).

Fig.12.Source current waveform due to non linear load (Bridge

Rectifier) after compensation using DVR with ANFIS technique.
Fig.8.THD level of source current waveform it is about 28.43%.

ISSN No: 2250-3536 82

NCREIRD 2014 Organized by "Rural Energy Centre, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Tamilnadu" Sponsored by "University
Grants Commission, New Delhi"
 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on "Renewable Energy Innovations for Rural Development”
Fig.13. THD level of source current waveform it is about 4.42%
compared to PI, ANFIS has good performance.
Fig.14. Voltage sag mitigated by DVR (Source voltage) using
ANFIS and harmonics is reducing in voltage waveform.
Fig.15. THD level of source voltage waveform it is about 0.19%
compared to PI, ANFIS has best performance.
Acknowledgment
Authors like to thank the management, Principal and the
faculty of EEE Department for the support and suggestions in
this work.
References
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ISSN No: 2250-3536
NCREIRD 2014 Organized by "Rural Energy Centre, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Tamilnadu" Sponsored by "University
Grants Commission, New Delhi"
[3.] assessment of wind turbines and comparison with
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Ashok Kumar Balasubramanian was born in
Tamilnadu, India. He received the BE in
Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering from
Madurai Kamaraj University , Madurai and ME in
Applied Electronics from Anna University,
Chennai in 2003 and 2006 respectively. He has
been working as Assistant Professor in Electrical & Electronics
Engineering Department, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai.
His research interests are Power Quality, Power Electronics, Power
filters & Transducers.
Dr. N. Kamaraj is a Professor and Head in
Electrical Electronics Engineering Department,
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai,
Tamilnadu, India. He has 9 years of Industrial
Experience and 20 years of experience in teaching
and research. He obtained B.E. degree in Electrical
and Electronics Engineering and M.E. degree in Power System
Engineering from Madurai Kamaraj University in the year 1988 and
1994 respectively. He obtained Ph.D. Degree in the Power System
Security Assessment in the year 2003 from Madurai Kamaraj
University. His research areas include security assessment and voltage
stability of power system.
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