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Pragmatik
Pragmatik
3 Our interpretation of the meaning of the sign is not based solely on the words, but on what we
think the writer intend to communicate.Co-context: Linguistic context is known as co-context. The
surrounding of the co-context has a strong effect on what we think the word probably means.
4 Deixis: There are some very common words in our language that can’t be interpreted at all if we
don’t know the context, especially the physical context of the speaker. For exp: here, there, this ,that;
now and then, yesterday, today and tomorrowTo point things-Person deixisTo point location-spatial
deixisTo point time-temporal deixis
5 Reference: It is an act by which a speaker (writer) uses language to enable a listener to identify
something.# For each word or phrase there is a ‘range of reference’Linguistic context:
DiscourseLinguistic knowledge accounts for speakers’ ability to combine phonemes into
morphemes, morphemes into words, words into sentences. Knowing a language also permits
combining sentences to express complex thoughts and ideas. These larger linguistic units are called
discourse.
6 Discourse analysishow speaker combine sentences into broader speech unitsconcerns with style
appropriateness, cohesiveness, topic/subtopic structure, difference between written and spoken
discourse as well as grammatical properties
8 # Emphasis on assumption
#These arise from basic rational considerations and may be formulated as guidelines for the efficient
and effective use of language in conversation to further cooperative ends.Four basic Maxims of
conversation :Maxim of Quantity:Make your contribution as informative as is required for the current
purpose of the exchange
12 Floutings of quantity:
It is violated in creating prolixity if we say too much and terseness if we are too brief.Floutings of
relevance are performed so as to signal some sort of embarrassments or a desire to change the
subject.Floutings of manner: The maxim of manner is violated either for humour or in order to
establish solidarity between speakers and exclude an over hearer from the conversation.
3 Our interpretation of the meaning of the sign is not based solely on the words, but on what we
think the writer intend to communicate.Co-context: Linguistic context is known as co-context. The
surrounding of the co-context has a strong effect on what we think the word probably means.
4 Deixis: There are some very common words in our language that can’t be interpreted at all if we
don’t know the context, especially the physical context of the speaker. For exp: here, there, this ,that;
now and then, yesterday, today and tomorrowTo point things-Person deixisTo point location-spatial
deixisTo point time-temporal deixis
5 Reference: It is an act by which a speaker (writer) uses language to enable a listener to identify
something.# For each word or phrase there is a ‘range of reference’Linguistic context:
DiscourseLinguistic knowledge accounts for speakers’ ability to combine phonemes into
morphemes, morphemes into words, words into sentences. Knowing a language also permits
combining sentences to express complex thoughts and ideas. These larger linguistic units are called
discourse.
6 Discourse analysishow speaker combine sentences into broader speech unitsconcerns with style
appropriateness, cohesiveness, topic/subtopic structure, difference between written and spoken
discourse as well as grammatical properties
11 Floutings or Exploitations:
Grice considers the second kind of implicature labeled ‘flouting’ or exploitations.Flouting refers to
implicatures that come about by overtly and blatantly not following some maxim in order to exploit it
for communication purpose.Floutings of quality: Hyperbole, metaphor, irony, satire are used to
violate truth of quality.
12 Floutings of quantity:
It is violated in creating prolixity if we say too much and terseness if we are too brief.Floutings of
relevance are performed so as to signal some sort of embarrassments or a desire to change the
subject.Floutings of manner: The maxim of manner is violated either for humour or in order to
establish solidarity between speakers and exclude an over hearer from the conversation.