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ISBN 978-5-17-049691-4 (000 «f.h.aaTenbCTBO ACT»)

ISBN 978-5-478-00753-9 (000 «BocTOK-3ana.n»)
ISBN 978-5-226-00132-1 ( BKT)

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ftffJI!JfPJTif-*lftffJI!Jfi¥Jif-* o
Women ting ting yinyue/women ting de yinyue.

3TO - MecTo, r.n.e a como.

l3:~ft!Jj~Mt%1¥J:I:tl!1J
Zheshi wo shuijiao shuijiao de difiing.

J3:~ft!Jj~I¥J!-tl!1J
Zheshi wo shuijiao de difiing.

2. rnaroJI B £l>YHKl(IUI. 06CTOHTeJibCTBa o6pa3a .[leHCTBIUl He Mo-

)((eT 6biTh y.r~soeH.

llpa6UJZo3.

Kor.n.a a TOJihKO npHexan a KHTaii, a B KaqecTse 3KC-

nepHMeHTa npo60BaJI HeMHOro roBOpHTb 00-KH-
TaHCKH.

~U*'fl~Et-Jit-H~. ftil\~iJt-B&itfo ~
Gang ilii Zhonggu6 de shfhou, wo shishi zhe
shuo yidian hanyu.

~U *lf! ~ Er-1 at Mt ftil\~iJt- B ¥R itt o

Gang lcii Zhonggu6 de shihou, wo shizhe shuo
yidian hanyu.

B npuse.r~eHHhiX npe.r~no)((eHuax maron i.J\ Bbr:crynaeT B

tl>YHKU:HH maronhHoro onpe.r~eneHHa K marony iJt npa-no
BHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH, K020a CJIG20Jlbl, o6031Ul'la10-
UfUe cpeiJcmea Ul/U cmaOU10 iJeucmBWl, HanpHMep ~' Jf,
~~. ;g, ll}f H TaK .r~anee, Bbzcmyna10m 6 pyHKl{UU CJ!a20llb-
H02o onpeoeJleHWL, onu He Mozym 6bzmb yoeoeHbl.
nwea 2. DuJZOJ/bl 15

3aCHyTb rmaqa: rosopHTb YJihi6ruJCb:

~~;fllfT ~ ~~;fi5i ~
kii kii zhe shui le xiao xiao zhe shuo

~;fllfT 0 ~;fi5i 0
kii zhe shui le xiao zhe shuo

3. B KHTaikKoM .ll3hii<e He MO)((eT Y.ll.BaHBaTbC.ll maron, o6o3Ha-

'laiOI.QHH )l,eHCTBHe B ero pa3BHTHH.

HpaouJZo4.

3TH HeCKOJibKO .[{HeH Mbl KaK pa3 H3yqaeM TaHl.(3H-

l.(IOaHb.

J.3:JL~ft1fJl£{£~)j~YJA~J>Z~o
Zhe jl Win women zhengzai xuexi xuexi taijiqwin.

i3:JL~ ft1fJilE tE ~ YJIA~&~ o

Zhe jl tHin women zhengzai xuexi taijiquan.

B KHTaHCKOM .ll3bii<e He MO)((eT )?l,BaHBafbC.ll maroJJ, 0003Ha-

qaiOW:HH )l.eiicTBHe B ero pa3BHTHH. CaMbiH npocToii cnoco6
YCBOHTb 3TO npaBHJJO - 3anOMHHTb, 'ITO 6 oOHOM U mOM :JICe
npeo!lo:JICeHuu He .Mozym ecmpemumbCR c!loeo iE tE u
yoeoeHHblu cJUJZOll.

4. BcnoMoraTeJJbHWI pe3yJJhTaTHBHWI KOHCTPYKU:H.H He MO)((eT

CTO.liTb nocne Y.ll.BOeHHoro marona.

Hpa6UJlO 5.
MHe o6.ll3aTeJibHO Ha.[{o .nonn.caTb 3TY CTaTbiO.

ft-J£~~~Mi3:~)C'&f o
Wo yiding yao xiexiehao zhe pian wenzhang.
16 lfacmb I. Moppo1102UR

ft-~~~~*l~~x• 0

Wo yiding yao xiehao zhe pian wenzhang.

B npuse,AeHHbiX npe,l(JIO)I(eHHj(X ~f j(BJij(eTCj( pe3yJibTa-
THBHOii KOHCTPYK~Heif, OTHOCj(II(eHCj( K rJiaroJiy '§$. Oo npa-
BHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH, 6CnOMozameJlbHCU/. pe3)lllb-
mamU6HCU/. KOHcmpyKlJUR He MOJICem cmoRmb nocJZe yoBoeH-
Hozo ZJlQZOJla. nocKOJibKY YABOeHHe maroJia o6bi'IHO npu-
,AaeT 3Ha1JeHHe OOObiTKH HJIH npo~ecca, 3TO 3Ha'IHT, 'ITO fO-
BOpj(II(HH B npo~ecce pequ ew:e He MO)I(eT 3HaTb pe3yJibTaT, B
npe,l(JIO)I(eHHH, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, He MO)I(eT 6biTb H pe3yJib-
TaTHBHOH KOHCTPYK~HH. 3anoMHHTe: yo6oeHHblU mazoll u
pe3yllbmamU6HCU/. KOHCmpyKlJWl He MOZym nOR6UmbCR 6 00-
HOM npeOJlOJICeHUU.

5. Me)I(,Ay YABOeHHbiM maroJIOM u 'IHCJIHTeJibHbiMic'leTHbiM

CJIOBOM AOJI)I(HO CTOj(Tb yKroaTeJibHOe MeCTOHMeHne.

Ilpaouno 6.
Mue ~uo s 6u6Jiuoreey, KHIDKKY OAHY B3j(Tb.

ft~-t: oo ~m 11r11r- ~ * 0

Wo yao qu tushuguanjiejie yi ben shu.

Wo yao qu tushuguanjiejie zhe ben shu.

EcllU y yOBOeHHOZO ZJlQZOJlQ ecmb oonollHeHue c 'IJlCllU-
meJlbHblM u c'lemHblM cJZo6oM, HanpuMep - :2js: .:p;,
KaK B
npuse,AeHHbiX npe,l(JIO)I(eHuax, nepeo 'IUCJZumellbHblM OOJZJIC-
HO cmoRmb yKa3amellbHOe MecmoUMeHue ~ WlU }:1~. yKa-
3bl6CUL l!a mo. 'lmo KOJlu'lecmBo 'lemKo onpeOeJleHo. EcJIH KO-
JIH'IeCTBO He onpe,AeJieHo, maroJI YABansaTbca He MO)I(eT.
Tna6a 2. TnacOllbl 17

:lf:lf~.=5tHIH!£ (o6DeKT onpe.r~eneH)

kankan zhe san zhang baozhi
nO'-IHTaTh 3TH TPH raJeThi

:lf5-JHIH!£ (o6DeKT He onpe.r~eneH)

kan zhang baozhi
'-IHTaTh raJery

1313~jg.Jt~ (o6neKT onpe.r~eneH)

xie xie zhe pian wenzhang
llHCaTh 31)' CTaThiO

13jg.Jt~ (o6neKT He onpe.r~eneH)

xie pian wenzhang
llHCaTh CTaTbiO

i:1iti'fit~~i'fciJ®I (o6neKT onpe.r~eneH)

taoh'm taolim nage wenti
o6cy)l(,l(aTh 3TOT sonpoc

i:1itfo1®1 (o6neKT H:e onpe.r~eneH)

taolim wenti
o6cy)l(,l(aTh sonpoc

6. Y.r~soeHHhiii
maroJI He MOJKeT npHHHMaTh scnoMoraTeJihHYJO
KOHCTPYKQHIO co 3Ha'-leHHeM qacTOTHOCTH.

IlpaBUJZo 7.
,lJ;au MHe llOCMOTpeTb 31)' KHHry.

iJJ!J<;:lf:lf-""f JL~* ~ o
Rang wo kankan yixiar zhe ben shU.

iJ: iit:lf:lr~* 4L
Rang wo kankan zhe ben shU.

i[ii(;:lf-""f JL~*~o
Rang wo kan yixiar zhe ben shU.
18 l.facm& I. Mop</Jollo2UR

B nepBoM npHBeJJ;eHHOM npe.nno)l(eHHH HenpaBHJihHO 61>ma

HCnOJih30BaHa KOHCTJ>YKQHJI - r) ~ nocJie YJJ;BOeHHOro
marona ~-~. nocKOJihKY yJJ;BOeHHe marona caMo no ce6e
MO)I(eT HMeTh 3Ha'leHHe llOBTOpJteMOCTH, BCllOMOraTeJihHaJI
KOHCTPYKQHJI c TaKHM 3Ha'leHHeM H3JIHIIIHJIJI. BcnoMo2a-
menbm1Jl KOHcmpyKlfUR co 3Ha<teHueM <tacmomHocmu Mo:>ICem
cJleOo6amb 3a Heyo6oeHHblM 2ll020llOM u UMemb 3Ha<teHue
'IQCmOmbl UllU npoOO.n:JICumeJlbHOCmU OeuCm6Wl, HO cma6Umb
ee noclle yo6oeHH020 2!l02olla He cJleoyem.

CnpoCHTh HeCKOJihKO pa3:

lllJ lllJ ]1)@

wen wen ji billn

lllJ JL:\WilllJ T lllJ

wen jl bian/wen le wen
OoJJ;BHHyr~>(CR):

£9Ji9J-r JL
dong dong yfxiar

i9J- r JL/i9J T i9J

dong yfxia er/dong le dong

7. YJJ;BoeHHhiH maroJI He MO)I(eT npHHHMaTh scnoMoraTeJihHYJO

KOHCTPYKQHIO co 3Ha'leHHeM npoJJ;OJI)I(HTeJihHOCTH.

HpaBUJlO 8.

JTHM JleTOM J1 XO'I)' noexaTb B ,lzyH63H Ha HeCKOJihKO

JJ;Heii.

~-f-][~iJt~~~dtffi£1rffi£1r JL~o
Zhege xiatian wo yao qu Dongbei Hixfng Ifixing ji
tian.
~1'-][~i!t~* f.K~tiM£1r JL~Io
Zhege xiatian wo yao qu Dongbei Ifixing ji tian.
D1a6a 2. D1azOJ1bl 19

B 3TOM npe~Jio)l(eHHH uenpaaunhHo 6hmo cTaBHTh acnoMo-

raTeJihHYIO KOHCTPYKI..{HIO co 3HaqeuueM npo~OJI)I(HTeJih­
HOCTH JL~ nocne y~aoeuuoro marona htffMHr. Owu6Ka
cxo~ua c npe~wzymeu - H3 npuMepa 7, To ecTh y~aoeuue
marona ~e o6o3uaqaeT ue6oJihWYIO npo~OJI)I(HTeJihHOCTh
~eHCTBH.II, a llOTOMY BCllOMoraTeJihHYIO KOHCTpyKQHIO CO
3HaqeuueM npO~OJl)I(HTeJibHOCTH CTaBHTh H3JIHWHe. llOM-
HHTe: 6CnOM02ameJlb11a.fl KOHCmpyKl/Wl CO 3HQ'IeHUeM npo-
OOJlJICUme.JlbHOCmU u yoeoeHHblU 2/lGZOll ne Mozym noReumbcR
e oonoM npeolloxenuu.

8. HenpaBHJihHOe y~aoeuue ~aycJIO)I(HhiX maronoa.

llpa6UJIO 9.
Bqepa .11 xo~HJI a lleKHHCKHH yuuaepcHTeT noCMQTPeTh.

II'F7C~~U~tJ?-::*~~~_m T -~~_mo
Zu6tian wo dao Beijing Daxue canguan Ie yi can-
guan.

IJ'F7( ~~U ~tJ§t :*~I~ ~_m T ~ ~_mlo

Zu6tian wo dao Beijing Daxue canguan Ie canguan.
fnarOJihl B KHTaHCKOM .113hiKe MO)I(HO pa3~eJIHTh Ha ~Be
rpynnbl: O~HOCJIO)I(Hble H ~BYCJIO)I(Hhle. <l>opMbl Y~BOeHH.II
o~uocJIO)I(HhiX rnaronoa: AA, A - A, A 7 A u A T- A,
a ro apeM.II KaK cpopMhi y~aoeHH.II ~BYCJIO)I(HhiX: ABAB u AB
T AB. B npuae~eHHhiX npe~JIO)I(eHH.IIX ~~ - ~aycJIO)I(­
HhiH maron, u y~aauaaTh ero MO)I(HO TOJihKO ~~~X.!X\ HJIH
~~7~~-

shuo - shuo shuo, shuo yi shuo, shuo le shuo, shuo le

yishuo

~)] ~)J~)J,~):JT~)J
xuexi - xuexi xuexi, xuexi le xuexi
20 lfacm& /. Mop¢ono2UR

9. HenpaslUihHOe y.n;aoeHHe rnaronoa B rnaronhHO-o6oeKTHhiX

KOHCTPYKL(HHX.

llpa6u!lo I 0.

3aaTpa H B03Bpa~aJOCh Ha po~uey, ~aaaii cero~HH

B~qepOM BMeCTe BhinheM.

~xf.lt~@IOOT, ~xf.ltffJ-JE9~Wf~Wfo ~
Mingtian wo yao hui guo Je, jintian women yiqi
hejili hejili.

~xf.lt~@JOOT,~xf.ltill-JE9~~Wfo 0
Mingtian wo yao hui guo Je, jintian women yiqi
hehe jiii.

B KHTaHCKOM H3h1Ke cymecTayeT rpynna maronoa, o6pa3o-

BaHHhiX maroJibHhiM :meMeHTOM B COlleTaHHH C HMeHHhiM,
HanpHMep ~ ¥illi, KaK B npuae~eHHhiX npe,LVImKeHHj!X. 3m
maronhi Ha3hiBaiOTCH «maronhHo-o6heKTHhie KOHCTPYKQHH».
Yo6au6aemcR 6 Hux monbKO 2!la20flbHaJI. ttacmb, a He 6ce cflo-
60. 3TO npaBHJIO OTHOCHTCH K TaKHM maronaM, KaK: liZ; 11i{,
nli! +-+- ,....... __,... i!<.l: -t!l- .,J:i ~r •z,; ~+
"t?j] jk, £3 "f", .!1)( ·'T-, "" :A H W( 1-Q •

n1t -- nn1t
giizhang - gii giizhang
anno~upoaaTh (xnonaTh B JIMOUIH)

diantou- dian diantou

KHBaTh (roJIOBOH)

~YPx - ~YP~YPx
Iiliotian - Iilio Iiaotian
6onTaTh

Mitl1 - Miftit!:l
sanbu - san sanbu
nporyJIHBaTbCH
DwBa 2. Du12onbl 21

Henepexo~uble rJiaroJILI

1. Henepexo~Hhle maroJihl He MoryT npHHHMaTb npHMOe ~o­

noJIHeHue.

llpaBUJlO 11.

CerO,l(HH seqepoM j( YBH:>K)'Cb co csoeu ~esyUIKOU.

4-7".. lltl: !It~ Yi!. oo !It 1¥3 -Jr. M 1J:. o

Jfntian wiinshang wo yao jianmian wo de nil pen-

gyou.

*ll
4-7.. lltl: !It~ !It 1¥3 -Jr. M 1J:. Yi!. oo o
Jfntian wiinshang wo yao he wo de nil pengyou
jianmian.

B KHTaiicKOM H3htKe cy~ecTsyeT rpynna maroJibHo-o6neKT-

HhiX KOHCTPYKI.\HH, KOTOpbte COCTOHT 113 maroJibHOfO H
HMeHHOfO 3JieMeHTOB, HanpuMep J/i!. Tiff 8 npHBe~eHHOM
npHMepe. Cy~ecTsyeT TaiOKe rpynna KOHCTPYKI.\HH, co-
CTOHI.l.\HX H3 maroJibHOfO H HapeqHoro 3JieMeHTOB, HanpHMep
-\A f~, icfll.. 3TH KOHCTpyKI.\HH HOCHT Ha3BaHHe «Henepe-
XO~Hbie maroJihi». flo npaBWUJM KUmaUCKOU 2pa.MMamUKU
OOnOJZHeHUe He MOJ/Cem UOmU cpmy 3a maKUM 2JUJ20JlOM, a
OOJl:>ICHO 6btmb opopMlleHo npeOll020M u npeowecmBoBamb
2lla20llY KaK 2lla20JlbHOe o6cmoRmeJlbCmBo no cxeMe: npeo-
Jl02 - OOnOJlHeHUe - 2lla20Jl. 3TO npaBHJIO OTHOCHTCH K Ta-
KHM CJIOBaM, KaK: 1fi-¥, ~t®, Jt-¥, 1f1-¥, £fill~, ~'f:,
iAltt " il1i:~t.

R no:>KaJI PYKY .l(pyry.

!\(;~~M1J:.o
Wo woshou pengyou.

!\tlf~M 1J:. ~ ~ o
Wo gen pengyou woshou.
22 l.facmb /. Mopcpollo~

OH *eHHJICR Ha KHTaRHKe.

ft!!~~~'ft OOA 7 o

Tajiehiin zh6nggu6ren Ie.

ft!?.~ 9=t 00 A~~ 7 o

Ta he zh6nggu6ren jiehiin Ie.

2. Henepexo.D.Hbte maroJihl He Moryr npHHHMaTb nocne ce6R

JIOKaTHBbl.

IIpa6UJlO 12.
Kor.u.a R ye3)KaJI s KnTan, R npo~ancR c po.u.nTeJIRMH
s a3ponopzy.

IJG*'fl 00 1¥Jit-jf~, Ji~IJ(;I¥J)(:£J:~~fj~;f)l.:f:mi¥J o ~

Wo hii Zh6nggu6 de shihou, gen wo de fumii gao-
hie reijlchang de.

!!t*'flOOI¥JIJtfi~, tE~fJL:f:mJi~IJGI¥JX:£J:~~tlo 0
Wo hii Zh6nggu6 de shihou, zai reijlchiing gen wo
de fumii gaobie.

IJG*'fl oo I¥Jat1,~. Ji~IJGI¥1X:£J:~~~J~m:t:m 0 0

Wo Iai Zh6nggu6 de shihou, gen wo de fumii zai
reijlchiing gaobie.

HenepexoOHble 2Jla20llbl He Mozym npuH1JMamb noc!le ce6R HU

CllOBa, YK03bl6010UJUe Ha o6oeKm oeucmBWl, HU CllOBa, om-
HOCRUJUeCR K Mecmy OeUCmBWl, HanpHMep -~mj:jh, KaK B
npnse.u.eHHOM npnMepe. EcJIH o6o3HaqeHHe MecTa see *e
Ha.D.O BCTaBHTb B npe.D.JIO)KeHHe, OHO O$OpMJIReTCJic' npe.D.JIO-
fOM H CTaBHTCJI nepe.D. rJiaroJIOM KaK rJiafOJibHOe 06CTOJI-
TeJibCTBO. B QeJIOM HeT CTpororo npaBHJia HacqeT TOro, KaKaR
H3 npe.D.JIO)I(HbiX KOHCTPYKI.\HH .D.OJI)I(Ha CTORTb CHaqana-
OTHOCJill\aRCJI K Mecry HJIH K 06beKry .D.eHCTBHJI. ll03TOMY
npaBHJibHbi 6y.u.yT o6a sapnaHTa: KaK tE:f3tPii!.m, .f.ltlEfH:!ti¥1
~~T-~~tf;, TaK H ~JEtHltl¥1~~-~:fr:f')}:~_m~tf;.
Dla6a 2. Dlazollbl 23

3. Henepexo,n;Hbie maronhi He Moryr npHHHMaTb aonpocn-

TeJihHhie MeCTOHMeHHR.

llpaBUJlO 13.

Kor.n;a " sqepa rosopun, Tbi Ha 'ITO KHBa.II ronoaoi1?

ftB'F~~-§Ef'Jff'tfi*, 1$.~~ft~?
Wo zu6tian fiiyan de shihou, ni dian t6u shenme?

ftB'F~~-§Ef'Jff'tf~. 1$l2ft~~l?
Wo zu6tian fiiyan de shihou, ni dian shenme
t6u?

B npnae.n;eHHOM npe)J;JIO)f(eHHH #..~ - 3TO Henepexo,n;HhiH

maroJI. Oo npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH BOnpo-
CHTeJibHOe MeCTOHMeHHe {f ~ He MO)f(eT CTORTb nOCJie
Henepexo.n;Horo marona, oHo ,n;oJI)f(HO 6hiTb nocTaaneHo Me-
)f()J;y ero 3JieMeHTaMH, TO ecTh ,B1t ~ ~. B pa3roaopHoM
KHTaHCKOM, KOr,n;a BOnpOCHTeJibHOe MeCTOHMeHHe {f ~
ucnoJih3yeTCR BMecTe c an intransitive verb, nonyquarnaRcR
l}lpa3a MO)f(eT Bblpa)f(aTb Hey.n;oBJieTsopeHHe HJIH npe.n;ynpe-
)f()J;eHHe.
06paTHTe BHHM3HHe: HenepeXO)J;Hbie maroJibl MO)f(HO pa3-
,n;eJIRTb, TO eCTb Me)f()J;y HHMH MO)f(HO BCTaBJIRTb ,n;pyrne
CJIOBa.

~J!~it, 1$~ft~bjc? ("~bjc" - pa3.n;eneHHOe

CJIOBO)
Tian zheme !eng, ni you shenme yong?
TaKaR xono,n;HaR noro.n;a, KaK Tbi nou.n;eiiib KynaThcR?!

~:&:J!~~Ji, {$fJ!Ht~:lt? ("fl:lt" - pa3.n;eneH-

Hoe CJIOBO)
T6ufa zheme duan, ni II shenme fa?
Y Te6R BOJIOCbl TaKHe KOpOTKHe, KaKyiO Tbl CTpH)f(KY
xoqernb?
24 lfacmb I. Mop¢onozU5l

4. Me)f(J()' qacTIIMH HeKOTOphiX Henepexo.l(HhiX maronos HeJih3H

BCTaBHTh nOKa3aTeJib COCTOHHIUI ;g.
llpa6UJIO 14.

Moo nana o6aHKpOTHJICH, y MeHH HeT .neHer, 1ff06hi

npo.nomKHTh Y'iHThCH.

~~~~~~~g~~F.~&~~~~
~T ~
Xifmzai wo baba de shengyi pozhe chan, wo mei-
you qian zai du shii le.

~~~~~~~g~T.~&~~~~~To 0
Xianzai wo baba de shengyi pochiin le, wo meiyou
qian zai du shii le.

B cnyqae HeKoTophiX verbs cymecTsyeT )KeCTKoe npaBHJio,

orpaHHqHBaiOmee CJIOBa, KOTOpbie MOryT 6biTh nOCTaBJieHbl
Me)K.l(y qacTHMH marona. K HMeiOmHM orpaHHqeHHe OTHO-
cncH maroJihi: ~ F(
o6aHKpOTHThCH), iT~ (o6pyqHThCH),
ttf~(nO)KeHHThCH) H ~¥l{R (yBOJlHThCH). 3mu 2JIQ20Rbl Ha-
3bl6a10m Oeucmeue, KOmopoe He MO:»eem 0/lUmbCJI. 60 6peMe-
HU, a nomOMy C HUMU He MO:»eem 6blmb UCnO!lb306aH MO-
OallbHblU noKa3ameJlb .W, a mo!lbKO T wzu tt.

llpa6Ull0 /5.

Kor.na H cero.l(HH YTPOM BCTaBan c nocTeJIH, Ha ynuu;e

men .l(O)I()].h.
~:R-'f'.J:~Jl§~t*~at1~5'Fi1ILiE~r~m,., ~
Jintian ziioshang wo qizhe chuang de shfhou
waimian zhengzai xiazhe yii.

~7(-'f'.J:~Jl§t*~Bt~*OO~~r~ffio 0
Jintian ziioshang wo qi chuang de shfhou waimian
zhengzai xiazhe yii.
TRaea 2. TRazoRbl 25

B np11ae~eHHhiX npe~JIO)I(eHH.SIX II§'* yKa3hiBaeT Ha ~eti­

CTBI1e, KOTOpOe MO)I(eT 6biTh np01i3Be~eHO B KOpOTKI1H npo-
Me)l(yTOK BpeMeHH, a He Ha COCTOSIHHe, ll03TOMY MO~aJibHaSI

qaCTHQa 7 KOTOpaS! o603HaqaeT 3aaepllleHI1e ~eHCTBHSI,

MO)I(eT 6h1Th llOCTaBJieHa
qaCTHQa ;g
Me)l(~y }!§
He MO)I(eT 6hiTh HCllOJlb30BaHa.
11 '*• 3TO
a MO~aJihHaSI
npaBHJIO
OTHOCHTCSI K TaKHM CJIOBaM, KaK: lf~, ti!J..~, _t~~ H
fj)( if).

5. ;g, 7 U He MOryT CTOSITb Me)l(ey qacTSIM11 HeKOTOpbiX

Henepexo~HhiX maronoa.

lJpa6UJlO 16.

Bqepa MHe no3BOHHJIH H3 ~oMa.

llt7(~~~U7~U%1!EJ<J--i'Ff!i!
Zu6tian wo jiele dao jiali de yi ge dianhua.

ot7( ~~~u 7 *--'- EJ<J --1' rt i!

Zu6tian wo jiedaole jiali de yf ge dianhua.

B np11se~eHHhiX npe~no)l(eHI1SIX ~ .¥1J SIBJISieTCSI Henepe-

xo~HhiM maronoM. Me~y ft( 11 .¥1J He MoryT 6htTh acTaB-
neHhi MO~aJihHhie qacTHQhi ;g,
7, Ji. ToJihKO qacmQa :m
H OTpHQaTeJihHOe Hapeque /f' MOryT 6h!Th HCllOJlh30BaHhl.
3TO npaBHJIO OTHOCHTCSI K TaKHM CJIOBaM, KaK: 5G'*, l&_¥1J,
*7f.rr7f . ..t~.~*.~ffi.a;g,*m.~m.Jl§*
"~lf.

~ 7 ~U, ~ir~U, ~J:i~U

jie Ie dao, jiezhe dao, jie guo dao

~{~~U, ~::f~U
jie dedao, jie bu dao
26 tfacmb I. MopcjJo11o2Wl

6. CTPYKTYPHhiH noKa:JaTeJlh ~ He MO)KeT 6biTh nocTaaneH

Me)f(,l()' tiaCTIIMH HeKOTOpbiX HenepeXO,!J;HhiX rnaroJlOB.

Hpa6UJIO 17.

Jl 3HaJO ,n;opory B napK.

ftiA{~H~-*0IZJjii¥J~o
Wo rimde de qu gongyuan de Iu.

ftliA ~'* 0IZJjii¥J ~ 0

Wo rimde qu gongyuan de Iu.

~ B CJlOBe lA {.{t 0603HatiaeT UO,!J;TBep)K,!J;eHHe. Il03TOMY

Me:»Coy 'lQCfflR.MU HenepeXOOHblX 2!la20ll06, OKQH'IU6QIOU{UXC.R.
Ha ~. Moxem 6btmb nocma8JleHo mOllbKO ompu71ameJtbHOe
Hape'lue :If',a ~ He Moxem 6btmb ynompe6JleHo. 3To
npaBHJlO OTHOCHTCH K TaKHM CJlOBaM, KaK: lG~ H )@.!~.

iC.{~~ J®l{~{~
jide de glide de

iC./F{~ Je91/F{~
ji bu de gu bu de

7. Bropou :meMeHT Henepexo,n;Horo rnarona He MO)KeT 6hiTh

BhiHeceH H nocTaaneH nepe,n; nepBhiM.

Hpa6UJIO 18.

MeHH ~e o6MaHhiBaJJH, 6onhme He nonytiHTCH.

$iftft B~~~ 7, /F~~¥}~$ift 7

ian wo yijing shou Ie, bu neng ziti shou pian Ie.

ftB~~tt$iB 7, /F~~¥}~$ift 7
Wo yljlng shouguo pian Ie, bu neng ziti sh<'m
pian Ie.
Dla8a 2. DuJZOJibl 27

_nml HeKOTOphiX HenepeXO~HbiX rnaroJIOB, TaKHX KaK lftit,

~?l, fr~ H ~E~, sropoii 3JleMeHT MO)I(eT fihiTh BhiHeceH
snepe~ nepsoro. HanpHMep: ?l~ 7 &:ff? HJIH ~~E 7¥9:
ff? Ho 3TO He OTHOCHTCR KO BCeM HenepeXO~HhiM maromtM.
HanpHMep, B cnyqae c )l:Jij B npHBe~eHHOM npeMO)I(eHHH
BTOpoH 3JieMeHT !J.liU He MO)I(eT 6h1Th BhiHeCeH npe~e nep-
BOI'O ){:. 3TO npaBHJIO OTHOCHTCR K TaKHM CJIOBaM, KaK:
J: ~. fftJ.,:/D( 1 ~'. 1*~. ~~ H**L-

*LB~tiD!:T 3B~J:T
n yijing jing le dang yijing shfmg le

tiD!: it *L T J:i1:3T
jing guo n le shang guOdang le
rJiaBa MO,l(AJihHhiE rJIArOJihl
3 AbiB:;:.ft '3
13t:.h".!.~0'JlltJ

Onpe,ll;eJieHHe

rnaroJihi, «noMoraiOmue» .npyruM maronaM Bhip83HTh He-

o6xo,nHMOCTh, B03MO)I(HOCTh 11 )l(eJiaTeJihHOCTh ,neHCTBH.H, Ha-
3hiBaiOTC.H MO.[\aJihHhiMH HJIH BCllOMOfaTeJihHhiMH rJiaroJiaMH.
Moqh:
AI:.
F.lt:. ~~~ A
"A -ar~ -ar~~
neng nenggou hui keyi keneng

OhiTh ,[IOJI)I(HhiM:
$i$< $~ i$< ~ 16,~~ {~
yinggai yingdang gai yao bixil dei

!!~ m~
-'..lo:.
il& Fl
yuanyi gan ken xilyao
)l(eJiaTh OCMeJIHThC.H pelliHThC.H Tpe6oBaThC.H

rpaMM3THqCCKHC X3p3KTCpHCTHKH

1. Mo,naJihHhie maroJihi, KaK npaBHJIO, ucnoJih3YIOTC» BMecTe c

,npyrHMH fJiaroJiaMH HJIH C npHJiaraTeJihHhiMH.

:fJt~VJ1~Jco
Wo hui y6uyong.
5I yMeiO nnaBaTh.
Dwea 3. MoiJaJlbHble mazollbl 29

1mlfffi~l~ffto
Ta xuyao anjing.
EMy Heo6xo.n.MM noKoit

2. 0TpMQaTeJihHrut <l>opMa MO.LJ.aJihHhiX maroJIOB o6pa3yeTCH

llOCTaHOBKOH nepe.n. HMMM OTpHQaTeJihHOfO Hape'IMH /f.

Ta bu yuanyi hii.
OH He xo'leT npMXO.LJ.HTh.

3. YTsep.n.MTeJihHO-oTpHQaTeJihHrut <l>opMa o6mero sonpoca o6-

pa3yeTcH nosTOpeHHeM MO.LJ.aJihHOro marona CHa'lana B YTBeP-
.LJ.HTeJihHOH, a llOTOM B OTpHQaTeJihHOH <l>opMe.

i neng bu neng bangzhu wo?

Thr He Mor 6hi MHe noMO'Ih?

4. MO.LJ.aJihHhie maroJihl MOryT CaMM no ce6e CJIY)l(HTh KpaT-

KHMM OTBeTaMH Ha 06ll{MH BOllpOC.

-- 1ti1&-~ A-R~?
Ni gan yi ge ren qu rna?
H Thi ocMeJIHLUhCH noiiTM O.ll.MH?

- il&o
Gan.
OcMeJIIOCh.

5. Mo.n.anhHhie noKa3aTeJIM 'lf, Y MJIM i1 He MOrJT 6hiTh

MCllOJih30BaHhl B CO'IeTaHMH C MO.ll.aJihHhiMM maroJiaMH.

6. Mo.n.anhHhie maroJihi He MOryT y.n.saMBaThCH.

7. 3a MO.LJ.aJihHhiM maronoM He MO)l(eT cpa3y cne.n.osaTh cy-

ll\eCTBHTeJihHOe.
30 lfacmb I. MopljJOlloZWt

rpaMM3TH-ICCKHC cJIYHKQHH

Mo.n.a.rrhHbie maronhi qaCTo ucnonh3YIOTCR KaK maronhHbie

o6cTOHTenhCTBa nepe.n. ocHOBHhiM maronoM unu npunara-
TenhHhiM.

J! 1tt:~lm ~l~wftt!. 0

Zhe jian shi yinggai gaosu ta.

EMy Ha,n;o CKaJaTb o6 3TOM .n.ene.

Ha -ITO CTOHT o6paTHTh BHHM3HHC

npu HCllOJih30B3HHH
M0~3JihHhiX rJiarOJIOB

1. Mo.n.a.rrhHbie maronhi He MoryT y.n.sausaTbCH.

/Ipa6UJlO 19.

,l(sa ro.n.a Ha3a,n; » XOTen npuexaTb B KnTaif yqnTh

KHTaHCKHH.
::m*~::t~*rh fa~ 'IU '.li
;::Jl';/.:J::-C>.L.
vYl ""'--t- ~U, 1J<.,u.,I\L'- - T ~ 'T-f.A 1;1=1 o
Liang nian qian, wo xiang xiang lai Zhonggu6 xue
hanyil.
m ru·,
~ !ltf.tt* q:. ~ ~¥x i1f 0

Liang nian qian, wo xiang lai Zhonggu6 xue

hanyii.

B npuse.n.eHHhiX npe.n.no)J(eHHHX ~J{ HBn.sJeTCH MO.ll.~hHhiM

rnaronoM. no npasunaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH MOOaJlbHble
2/lazOJlbt He Mozym yoeaueambCJI.. Kozoa Heo6xoiJUMo ynom-
pe6JleHue yoeoeHHoii popMbl 2!lazo11a - yoeaueaemcJL oc-
HOeHoii 2!lazoll, Komopbtii cmoum e npeOJlo:»eeHuu noc11e MO-
OaJlbHozo.
D106a 3. MoiJaJibHble 2!laZOJlbl 31

Ha,no noxo,nHTb. Mo.>KHO nonpo6osaTb.

!.16' ~9i !.16' ~9i ~ ~ AAiJ_\

z:s;;z:s;; 0
bixU bixU zou hui huishi

!.ll'~9i~~ ~ f?iJ.\iit 0
bixuzou zou huishi shi

EcnH nocne Mo,nanbHoro rnarona cne,nyeT nocne.nosaTenbHO

HeCKOnhKO rnaronos, y,nsausaeTCH nocne,nHHit

J5Y. **¥iiJ _mVffV!f»'Jc

YTnggai qu he II you y6uyong.
0

Ha,no TIOHTH B peKy nonnasaTb.

-aJ~¥1JOO~t6:tf~~o
Keyi dao tushuguan kankan shu.
Mo.>KHO nonTH B 6u6nHoTeKY noqHTaTb KHHrH.

2. 0TpHQaTenhHM $opMa rnarona J!..

llpaBUJlo 20.

Jl B BOCKpeceHbe UOH,ny B 6H6JIHOTeKy noqHTaTb,

He XO'I)' H,nTH B napK.

£M~~~*OO~m~~.~~~*~~mo ~
XIngqitian wo yao qu tushiiguan kan shu, wo bu
yao qu gongyuan wan.

£M~~~*OO~m~~.~*~~mo 0
XIngqitian wo yao qu rushUguan kan shu, wo bu
xiang qu gongyuan wan.

Henh3H Hcnonh30BaTb "1'~ B npHse,neHHbiX npe,nno.>KeHHHX.

~ - Mo,nanhHhiH rnaron, Bbipa.>Kruomun MhiCnH H .>KenaHHH
cy6beKTa. O,nHaKo omputtameJlbHOU rjJopMoit macoRa ~
Jl6RJlemcJl He co'lemaHue "1'~. a co'lemaHue "1';m
32 lfacmb I. Mop¢0llo2UR

3. ilyraHHI.(a M~)K)).y ;m H ~.

llpaBUJlO 21.

Mou po.n;HTenu seqHo o6o MHe 3a60T.liTCH. Ho, ecnu .11

He ,D;eJiaiO TO, qTo OHH OT MeHH XOT.liT, OHH orpaHHqH-
BaJOT MOJO cso6o.n;y.

a~~~~~D•ao ~a~~~mma
f$:~:~JH~~B1f~, fiB1fJ8Jt-T~ft~ § E8 o ~
Wo de fumu zongshi yao gwln wo Dang wo bu
zuo tamen xiang wo zuo de shiqing de shihou,
tamenjiu ganshe wo de ziy6u.

ft~~~-~,~~-fto ~ft~f$:fiB1fJDftf$:
~$·t~I¥JB1fl9c, fiBfi'Jmc-T~a~ § rn 0 0
Wo de rumu zongshi yao guan wo. Dang wo bu zuo
tamen yao wo zuo de shiqing de shihou, tamen jiu
ganshe wo de ziy6u.

06a marana ~ H ~ BbipruKaiOT )l(enaHHe MJIH Tpe6o-

saHHe. Hx pyccKHM 3KBMBaneHT- rnaron «XOTeTb». O.n;HaKo
cyll.l,eCTByeT HeKOTOpaH pa3HHr.(a Me)l(,ll;y 3THMH ,D;BYMH rnaro-
JiaMH: ~,I{ llOKa3bJBaeT HaMepeHMe HJIM Ha,D;e)l(,ll;y, B TO BpeMH
KaK ~ no,n;qepKwsaeT, 'ITO HaMepeHwe (Tpe6osaHHe) 6onee
CHJibHOe. ftBffJ~l{!2f~ 3Ha'IHT «0HH Ha,D;eiOTCH (xOTeJIM 6bi),
'ITO H c,n;enaiO», a ftBfi'J~ftf~ 3Ha'IHT «OHM Tpe6YIQT, 'IT0-
6bi H c.n;enan». Oo3TOMY B npuse.n;eHHbiX npe,n;no)l(eHHHX ~
oKa3biBaeTcH 6onee no.n;xo,n;Hll.l,MM no cwzyaQHH.

,D;oporan Ta KHHra HJIH .n;ewesan - » see pasHo KYIDHO.

•*~filli~.~~lli~,ft-~S~o ~
Na ben shil gui yehao, pianyi yehao, wo yiding
xiang mai.

•*~filli~.~~lli~,a-~~~0
Na ben shil gui yehao, pi<inyi yehao, wo yiding
yao mai.
TllaBa 3. MoOaJlbHble 2JUJ20llbl 33

4. 0TpMU.aTeJihHIDI <l>opMa marana UJ 1»..

Hpa«uno 22.

- Tbl MO}I{elllb DOMO'ib MHe nepeBeCTM :ny KHHry?

- Jl eii.J.e DJIOXO 3Hal0 KHTaiicKMH, H He MOry nepe-
BeCTH 31)' KHHry.

- f$PJ ~ fff !lt01ti3::Lis: -tS 11!3?

Nl keyi bang wo tanyi zhe ben shu rna?

- fti¥J&i-B-7}(f~1lHI£, !lt/GPJ~fll~it
J.3::L$:-=f=So ~
Wo de hanyu shuiping hai hen di, wo bu keyi fiinyi
zhe ben shu.

fti¥J¥Ri-8'7.kf~1lHI£, !lt/Gfi~fll~iti3::Lis:i=So 0
Wo· de hanyt1 shuiping hai hen di, wo bu neng fiinyi
zhe ben shu.

Mo,nanbHbiH maron PI 1». noKa3biBaeT B03MO}I{HOCTb 'ITO-TO

c.nenaTh, o,nHaKo ero OTPMU.aTeJibHOH <l>opMOH HBJI»eTcH He
~PI I»., a ~~~.

Jl eii.J.e He 'iHTaJI 31)' KHHry, He MOry OTBeTHTb Ha TBOH

sonpoc.

:fJt~~~~J.3::L$:-=f=S,:IJ'PJ~@fi~I¥J~Bo ~
Wo Mi meiyou kan zhe ben shii, bu key! huida ni de
wenti.

!lt~~~~i3:*-i=S, /G!ff~[fi]fif$1¥J l~Bo 0

Wo hai meiyou kan zhe ben shu, buneng huida ni
de wenti.

Y MeHH ,nOMa HeT TeJie<l>oHa, He MOry C T060H CBH3aTbCH.

:fJt*~~~~'~PJ~~~~*o ~
Wo jia meiyou dianhuft, bu keyi he ni lianxi.
34 Lfacmb I. Mop¢0llo2UR

ft%&~~-i!. :lf'ff~*'f$~*0
Wo jia meiyou di<\nhua, buneng he ni Iianxi.

06paTHTe BHHM8HHe: 8 KHTaHCKaM Jl3biKe CJiaBacaqeTa-

HHe /f'PJ J». HMeeT ,npyroe 3HaqeHHe: a6beKTHBHbie ycJia-
BHJI HJIH npuqHHbl He ,nanycKaiOT KaKaro-Ta ,neHCTBHJI HJIH
curyaQHH. KpaMe Taro, /f'PJ J». c!leoyem cmaBUmb 6 om-
oeJlbHoe npeOJlO:JK:eHUe, 'lm06bl e.wy HU'Ie20 He npeow.ecm-
606aJlO.

A - ~II; ~!3, ft~x ilJ !;A :IF* __r_ ~ lli?J?

- Mama, wo jintian keyi bu qu sbangxue rna?
- MaMa, JI Mary cero,nHJI He xa,nHTh Ha 3aHJITIDI?
- :IF ilJ !;), 0
-Bukeyi.
- He Ma)l(eiiih.

B- :fit ilJ !;Affl0% 1¥J ~/Mjlli?J?

- Wo keyi yong gongjia de diannaa rna?
- Mary JI sacnaJih3aBaThCJI a6I.QHM KaMIIbiOrepaM?
- :lf'ilJ!;), 0
-Bukeyi.
- He Ma)l(eiiib.

llpaBUJlO 23.

5I y)l(e }')KHHaJI, He CTOHT ei.Qe pa3 eCTb.

:fit B~£ llZ::i:i a.t t& 7, :IF 1~ ¥}Ill; 7

Wo yijing chigua wanfan Ie, bu dei zai chi !e.
a.t
:fit B~£ llZ:ii t& 7, :IF ffl ¥}Ill; 7
Wo yijing chigua wanfan le, buyong zai chi !e.
DwBa 3. MoiJClJlbHble 2!la20llbl 35

Mo)J.arrbHbiH rnaron :m o6o3HaiiaeT Heo6xo.zu-t:MOCTb HJIH

o6snaTeJihHOCTb KaKoro-To )J,eli:cTBHH. HanpuMep: a)j :7( ff
~ia\, IJt:m~:fft~: 1$~ __ttrtlilt 1ff-:m~iJt~. Ho Hera-
maHan cpopMOH :m SIBJISIIOTCSI /f' ffl, /f' Jf HJIH /f' 16,, a
He /f':m.

3aBTpa HeT 3K3aMeHa, MHe He npH)J,eTCH seqepoM qu-

TaTb.

~ ~ ¥i ~ ~lJ.\, llt4-!Jt:1q~~i=L
Mfngtian meiyou kaoshi, wo jinwan bude kan shu.

~~&~~lJ.\, llt4-!!t/Fffl~i=L
Mingtian meiyou kaoshi, wo jinwan buyong kan
shil.

6. HenpaBHJibHOe HCOOJib30BaHHe OTpHQaTeJibHOH cpopMbl rJia-

roJIOB.

Hpa6UJIO 24.

Kor)J,a H TOJibKO npuexaJI B KuTaH, MOM )J.pyr CKa3arr

MHe: «He neii CbipyiO BO)J,y, Ha)J,O OHTb KHOSIIIeeyiO».

~ tl ~0 !ft ~ l¥1 1M {1*, lit l¥1 M1i 1§- iJf lit: "/1' i!&J
~*'~i!&JH*o" ~
Gang dao Zh6nggu6 de shihou, wo de pengyou
gaosu wo: "Bu he shengshui, yao he kaishui"

lit l¥1 M1i 1§- i}f lit : "/1' ~

~IJ ~0 q:t 00 l¥1 1M {1*,
11&~7.k, ~i!&JH* o 0
Gang dao Zh6nggu6 de shihou, wo de pengyou
gaosu wo: "Buyao he shengshui, yao hekaishui"

HenpaBHJibHO nepeso)J,HTb npe)J,JIO)I(eHue «He neli:Te so)J,y

113-00)1, KpaHa» Ha KHTaHCKHH OOCJIOBHO. B KUTnGUCKOM Jl3blKe
OJUl Bblpa:JK:eHwt npocb6bl WlU npuKma He OeJlamb 'lmo-!lu6o
He ucno!lb3yemcR npocmo 2!la20Jt 6 ompu'tfame!lbiWU f/JopMe,
36 lfacmb I. MoprjJOJIOZUR

KaK 6 pyccKOM. BMecmo 3mozo Mbl ucnollb3Ye.M rjJopMbl 1'~

HJIH .::f@~. TaiOKe MO)I(HO BOCllOJib30BaTbCH CJIOBOM }ilj B
pon11 OTPHI.{aTeJibHOro Hape'IHH.

~~~ ~~J~ ~~~ ~~~

bUyao ku - bie ku buyao qu - bie qu
He HMO nJiaKaTb He XO,l\11

7. HenpaBHJibHOe HcnoJib30BaHHe ~.
/lpa8UJIO 25.

B 3TOM ro.ny » eMory .nocTH'Ib cpe,nuero yposun sna-

,neHH» KHTaHCKHM.

~if:flt#z¥~&i!f!ft~7.kf T 0

Jinnian wo hui dadao hanyii zhongji shulping le.

~ifflt~~z¥~¥R i!f!ft ~7.k f T

Jinnian wo neng dadao hanyii zhongji shulping le.
Mo,naJibHbiH maron ~ o603Ha'laeT ripHo6peTeHHbie B npo-
Qecce o6y'leHHH HaBbiKH. HanpHMep: ft i.#.
~ fl.. i-% T Ho
OJUl o6o3Ha'leHwt mozo, ttmo 3mu cnoco6Hocmu oocmUZ!lu
onpeOeJleHHozo ypoBHJl, 6Mecmo 4'1 ucnollb3yemcJl ~~.

~~¥J.~To
Wo hui xie hanzi le.
5I yMeiO nHcaTb Heponm!f>bl.

f~:fr, J!l!!;.¥R~fltW~~~X1T
Xianzai, zhexie hanzi wo dou neng xie duile.
Ceuqac » Mory npaBHJibHO uanHcaTb 3TH HepomH!f>bi.

{tB~~To
Ta hui kan shu le.
Ou yMeeT 'IHTaTb.
T!wBa 3. MoiJClJlbHble 2Jla20Jibl 37

1tB If~ :tE -::R 1*.1 ;fi 56-* JJ 4=5 0

Hi neng zai yitian nei kan wan yi ben hou shu.

OH Mo:>KeT 3a .neHb npoqecTb TonczyiO KHHry.

8. YTaep,nnTenbHO-OTpHr.(aTenbHaJI 4>opMa o6mero sonpoca c nc-

nonb308aHHeM MO,naJibHbiX maron08.

llpaBUJlO 26.

Tbr noe,neiiib 8 3TOM ro.ny nyTeiiiecT808aTb Ha neTHHX

KaHHKYnax?

4-if=I-'Wl {$~ -1:;: /F -1:;: I*.Vf!?

Jinnian shiijia ni yao qu bu qu H1y6u?

4-if=I-'Wl{$~/F~-t:I*.Vb?
Jinnian shiijia ni yao bu yao qu Ifiy6u?

,[(nji o6pa3o8aHHji yT8ep,nnTenbHO-oTpHQaTenbHOH <t>opMbi

o6mero 8onpoca Ha.no nocTa8HTb no.npjj.n s o.nHoM npe.nno-
>KeHHH YTBep,nHTenbHYIO H OTpHQaTenbHYIQ <t>opMbi CMbi-
cn080fO marana no cxeMe: maron + ::f + maron. HanpH-
Mep: rJZ::frJZ, :ff /f':ff. ,[(nji o6pa308aHHji TaKOH tl>opMbi 06-
mero sonpoca c ncnonb30BaHHeM Mo,naJibHoro marana cy-
mecT8yeT ,nsa llYTH: ecnH MO,naJibHbiH maron O,nHOCnO>I<HbiH,
KaK ~ 8 npH8e,neHHbiX npe.nno>KeHHj!X, cne.nyeT nocTaBHTb
nocne,no8aTenbHO yTsep,nHTenbHYIQ H OTpHQaTenbHYIO
<t>opMbi MO,naJibHOfO marana, a He CMbiCn080fO marana, KaK
Ha cxeMe: MoOClJlbflblU 2lla20Jl + :If' + MoOClJlbflblU 2Jla20JI +
+ CMblCJIOBOU 2JIU20JI.

~~1~,>4 AI::. X AI:. ~,>4

r:Ju !<JL ~ J'lt:.-'1' J'lt:. 1-JL
neng shuo~ nengbuneng shuo

~EJ ~ ~/F~EJ
hui xie ~ hulbuhui xie
38 lfacmb I. Mop¢011ozUR

Ecnu MO.IJ;aJihHhiH maron .u;sycJIO)f{HhiH, HanpuMep @ ~. ~~

~ , $OpMyJia o6pa30BaHHJI yrsep,ll;lfl'eJihHo-oTpHU.aTeJihHOH
$opMhi o6ll(ero sonpoca MO)f{eT 6hiTh: MOdaJlbHblU 2JUIZOll +
+ ~ + MOOaJlbHblU 2lla20ll, WlU nep8blU CllOZ MOOaJlbHOZO
2lla20lla + ~ + ModaJlbHblU 2lla20Jl.

JS'l~ -+ g ~ ::f JS'l ~/JS'l ::f JS'l ~

yingga -+ yinggai bU yinggai/ ying bu yinggai

~~ -+ ~~::f~~/~::f~~
xiiyao -+ xiiyao bu xiiyao/ xu bu xuyao

~~ -+ "~~::f"~~~"~::f"~~
nenggou -+ nenggou bu nenggou/ nengbuneng gou
!!~ -+ L!~::fl!~IL!::fl!~
yuanyi -+ yuanyi bu yuanyi/ yuan bu yuanyi
rJiaBa IIPHJIArATEJihHhiE
4

OnpeLJ;eJieuue
Cnoaa, onucblaaromue <!lopMy HJIH KaqecTBa npe.n:MeTa HJIH
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npunaraTeJibHhiMH.

rpaMMaTU-.eCKUe XapaKTepHCTHKH
1. oOJihiiiHHCTBO npunarareJibHhiX coqeTaeTcH c uapeqHHMH
CTeneHH, KOTOpble CTaBHTCH nepe,n HHMH.

~~t Iii~
henleng zuigao
oqeHb XOJIO.ll:HO caMbiH BbiCOKHH

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TeJibHhiM ,nnH o6pa30BaHHH ero oTpHQaTeJihHOH <!lopMbi.

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!if ::;r- !if? lf :B. ::;r-lf :B.?

Wio bu hao? Zhcioji bu zhaoji?
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40 (/'acmb I. Mop¢oJI02UJl

4. flocJie npHJiaraTeJibHOro MO>KeT CTORTb ,nonOJIHHTeJibHbiH

<IJieH.

~i]T m1fi~~H&Io
Reji le. Zhengqi de hen.
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rpaMMaTuqecKHC ciJYHKI(HH

1. Onpe.neneHHe.

[il~o lz-91}\JEJ<J ~ ~ 0

XIn 16u. Dongren de gushi.

Hoooe 3,naHHe. TporaTeJibHM HcTOpHR.

2. CKa3yeMoe.
:&:HIH&[ill] o IJtfBJI~~'t~lo
Yifu henjiu. Shijianjinji.
O,ne:>K,na cTapM. BpeMeHH MaJIO.

3.06CTORTeJibCTBO.

~llZo ItA j(JJ:tP. iJi o

Kmii chi. Renzhen de shuo.

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4. ,lJ;onOJIHHTeJibHbiH '!JieH.

llZ~T 'Oj~1$:~o
Chiduole. Fan mei zuohao.
CneJI MHoro. E.na He rorooa.

5. ,ll;onoJIHeHHe.

mA tlt~I~Mtlo
Bingren xiiyao anjing.
EoJibHOMY Heo6xo,nHM noKOH.
DraBa 4. IlpwtacamenbHbze 41

Ha "ITO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHMaHHe

IIpH HCIIOJIL30BaHHH IIpHJiaraTCJILHLIX

1. HenpaBHJibHoe ucnonb3oBaHHe ~ s Ka"'eCTBe onpe~e­

neHIUI.

llpaBUJlO 27.

Cenqac ue MHoro so3MO)l{HOCTeH uaHTH pa601y nocne

OKOHlfaHHH uawero yuusepcHTeTa.

Xianzai women daxue biye yihOu zhao gongzuo

meiyou duo jihui.

~~am***ft~~~I~~~W$m
..b-
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Xianzai women daxue biye yihou zhao gongzuo
meiyou henduo jihui.

HenpaBHJibHO nocnoBHO nepeso~HTb cnosoco"'eTauue «MHoro

B03MO)l{HOCTeif». B KumaucKOM R3blKe npwwzameJZbHOe $
He MOJtCem cmoRmb nepeo cyU{ecmBumenbHblM 8 oOUHO'lKY 6
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npunaraTeJibHbiMH.
42 ({acmb I. MoppoRozUR

/lpaBUJlO 28.

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f~$ q:. ~ Ax1!!t1f1f~ ~~~~ 1¥1 o
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B KHTaii:cKOM »:3biKe npunaraTeJibHbie Moryr y.~~:aauaaTbC».

0.D:HOCJIOJKHbie npunaraTeJibHbie y.~~:aauaaiOTC» no cxeMe
AA, HanpuMep jc - - 7c7c, ;j, - - ;j,;J,, ~ - -
~ ~. ~aycJIOJKHbie npunaraTeJibHbre y.~~:aauaaiOTC» no cxe-
~)'Y. ~ ~ \V \\1 .J.-h 0::.
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M.o:»eem 6blmb nocmaBReHo nepeo HUM, :na oum6Ka npo-
HJIJIIOCTpHpoBaHa B nepBOM H3 npHBeJJ:eHHbiX npeJJ:JIO-
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IlpaBUJlO 29.

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!ftjit 1~ ~ ~~~ J! ~ ~ BB 1¥1:911$ o
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T!la6a 4. llpwwzameJlbHbze 43

~t\tf~~~~ n::~ BB B<J#i!rn o

Wo juede Beijing shi meili de chengshi.

~ + npHJiaraTeJibHOe MOryT BbiC'I)'OaTb B npe)J.JIOX<eHHH B

ponu cKa.JyeMoro. HanpuMep, ~&~~*; :i!ftt<n&~~
:§:. Ho Jt + npunaraTeJibHOe He MoryT urpaTb B npe.u.no-
X<eHHH ponu onpe.u.eneHHH.

Pe6eHOK u npao.11.a oqem. )'MeH.

·~a)31¥Jft<ro
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~f~T·~aJ3o
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~:xt~I¥Jit~l1§ 0

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4. HenpaBHJibHOe ucnoJib30BaHHe ¥9:.

HpaBU/lO 30.

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44 lfacmb I. Mopr/Jo!IOZUR

nepeo HUM Hape'IUR :If' .

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Xi- npHJiaraTem,uoe B poJIH CKaJyeMoro, no3TOM)' ero oT-
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BaTJ>Cji TOJihKO nepe.n; npHJiaraTeJIJ>HhiMH, 0603l:laqaJOLL\HMH
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5. HenpasHJIJ>uoe HcnoJIJ>30BaHHe YTBep.n;HTeJIJ>HO-OTPHI..\aTeJIJ>-

HOH Q>opMhl o6LL\ero sonpoca K npHJiaraTeJIJ>HoMy.

IlpaBUJlO 31.

Moil cero.n;Hj[lllHHH oTBeT ua 3TOT sonpoc npasHJIJ>-

Hhlif?

a~~*~~~~-~~~~~~~? ~
Wo Jintian guanyu zhege wenti de huida dui bu dui
rna?

a~~*~~~~llJ•~~~~~~?
Wo jintian guanyu zhege wenti de huida dui bu
dui?

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o6pa3yeTCj[ c noMOLL\hiO nocTaHOBKH yTsep.n;uTeJIJ>HOH u OT-
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noJIJ>3oBaHue BOnpOCHTeJIJ>HOH qacTHI..\hl ~ B .n;aHHOM CJiy-
qae H3JIHlllHe.

O)I(HBJieuuo HJIH mn?

Xing buxing rna? Renao bu renao rna?

1i~1i? ;fA 'RX;fA 'R?

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Xing buxing? Renao bu renao?
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HOB), MOryT o6pa30BbiBaTb ,npyrHe BH.L{bl 'IHCJIHTeJIJ>HbiX B
CO'IeTaHHH C onpe,neJieHHbiMH CJIOBaMH.

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=+(20) 1i+}\.(58)
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~-
di-yT
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46 lfacmb I. MoprjJOJI02UR

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seuuo nepe.D: cymecTBHTCJibHbiM, HrpM po1Ib nopsmKOsoro
qucJIHTeJibuoro.

-=-~ [gflf
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TpeTHH JJ:R.!VI qeTBepTM rpynna

3) KpaTHbie qucJIHTeJibHbie
Kparubie qucJIHTCJibHbie o6pa3YJOTCR nYTeM nocTauoBKH
cqeTnoro cnosa {if nocne OObNHOro qncJIHTeJibHOro.

~f3fff [gf(f
yibai bei si bei
B CTO pa3 B qeTbipe pa3a

4) ,[(ecRTnqnble .D:po6H
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+ qHCJIHTeJibHOe», r.D:e qHCJIHTeJibHOe nepe.D: JtZ - 3TO
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wii ten zhi san bai ten zhi yi

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HIDKe npHBe.ZJ:eHbi uecKOJibKO pacnpocTPaueuubiX cnoco6os
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-=+
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qeM npuse,neHHM KOHKpeTHM uuQ>pa.

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6oJIJ>me ,necuu neT 6oJIJ>llle TbiCR"iH qeJIOBeK

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npHMepHO 50 TbiCR'I{

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TeJibHO paBHO npHBe,L{eHHOMy TO'I{HOMy.

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2. Me)f(.L{y qucJIHTeJIJ>HbiM H cyiUeCTBHTeJIJ>HbiM, K KoropoMy

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48 lfacmb /. Mopf/JollOZUR

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2. Onpe~eneHHe.

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8 ay~HTOpHH ~BMU:aTD czy~eHTOB.

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~1¥1~ § J!:l +1°

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4. CKa.JyeMoe.

=lil +lo
Er wii yi shi.
,l(Ba)K~hl fi}ITh - ~eCUh.

Ha qyo CTOHT o6paTHTh BHHMauue

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06o3uaqeuue npnMepuoro KOJIHlfeCTBa

1. Me~y ~BYM}I cMeii<HhiMH qHcJiaMH He HY)KHO CTaBHTh

cqeTHOe CJIOBO.
Dtaea 5. lfuCllumenbHble 49

llpaBUJIO 32.

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ft1fJY£* TW31'- -1'-~!n.J~o

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2. HenpaBHJihHOe pacnoJIO)I(eHHe ~ucpp B .n.sy3HaqHhiX qHc-

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fti¥J1t-%~~ff1i+ /\+l*~ 0

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ft w1t-% ~ ~ trl.n./\+l~;tX>t 0

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3Ha'leHWL npUMep11020 KOJlU'IeCm6a.

40-50 'leJIOBeK.
lm+li+A
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1m 1i+AI!ill+ .=.1m A
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llpaBUJIO 34.

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~B~~7f$W3-1'~ 1Ht-t7 o
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40-50 JleT.
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Dza6a 5. tfuCJlumeJibHble 51

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HOe KOJIHqecTBO 60JibUie Jj.

llpa6UJlO 3 7.

B 6H6mt:oreKe Hamero HHCTHryTa 6oJibUie 150 TbiCHq

KHHr.

ft1fJ~~I¥J oo ~'nlff + EJnm-$ oo ~ 0 ~

Women xuexiao de tushiiguan you shiwii wan ce
duo tushii.

ftill~~I¥JOO~m~+3i~$~00~o 0
Women xuexiao de rushiiguan you shfwii wan duo
ce tushii.

,l(na o6o3HaqeHHH npHMepHoro KonuqecTBa 6oJibllle Jj, ecnu

qucJIO 3aKaHqusaeTCH Ha -B Jj, T JJ HJIH 1lJJ, ~ CTa-
BHTCH nepe.n: Jj no cxeMe: B, -T, 1l + $ + Jj + cy-
U(.ecmeumeJlbHOe. HanpuMep, -t -T $ Jj ~*, --
B $ Jj ~.
Ecnu qucno MeHbme MHJIJIHOHa ( - B Ji), TO $ cTaBHTCH
nocne Jj no cxeMe: !fellOe 'lUC!IO + Jj + ~ + C)'Uiecmeu-
mellbHoe. HanpHMep, lili $A, +-
Jj $ JT
Dwea 5. lfuc!lumenbHble 53

C1JeT
HpaBUJIO 38.

B HarueM HHCTH-ryre 30 Thlc}lq cry)l.eHToB.

~11'JJ2;JiJT]\:*1f 30 T*1:.o
Women zhe suo daxue you sanshiqian xuesheng.

~11'JJ2;F,JT]\:*1f 3 JJ*1:.o
Women zhe suo daxue you san wan xuesheng.

B pyccKOM HeT O)l.HOCJIOBHoro 3KBHBaJieHTa JJ, a noroMy

cqeT Me){{)l.y Tb!C}Iqeif (1000) H MHJIJIHOHOM (I 000 000) Be-
)l.eTC}I Ha TbicHqn. B peJyJihTaTe Jj nepeBO)l.HTC}I KaK
<<10 ThiC}Iq», a +JJ nepeBO)l.HTCR KaK «cro ThiC}Iq». Ho o6-
paTHTe BHHMaHHe, qro B KHTaHCKOM 3KBHBaJieHTOM qncJIH-
TeJibHOro «10 TbiCRq)) }IBJI}IeTC}I Jj a 3KBHBaJieHTOM
((I 00 TbiCRq)) - +
JJ. no)J(anyifcTa, CJie)l.HTe BHHMaTeJibHO 3a
pa3HHI~eif B Ha3BaHHH qnceJI B pyCCKOM H KHTaHCKOM R3b!KaX.

10 TbiCRq +f ~ -Jj 0
shi qian yTwan
100 TbJC}Iq -a-T ~ +JJ 0
yT bai qian shiwan

I 0 MHJIJIHOHOB +aJJ ~ -f)j 0

shi baiwan yTqianwan

PaJJIH'IHH Me*JI.y uW3

1. - He HCnOJib3yeTC}I nepe)l. cqeTHbiM CJIOBOM.

HpaBu!lo 39.

.5I }')Ke )l.Ba pa3a 6hiJI Ha BeJIHKOH KnTaHCKOH cTeHe.

~Bt~~ 7 =~'~*:9JXo ~
Wo y1jTng quie erci Changcheng.
54 lfacmb /. Mopp011ozUR

~B~~7~~~~*~0 0
Wo yi'jing qule Wingci Changcheng.

B KHTaikKoM H3biKe cy~ecTBYJOT ,l\Ba qwcJIHTeJibHbiX, o6o-

3HaqafO~Hx 2: - H W3. Ho ecnw 2 cmoum nepeo C'lemHblM
CJl060M, KaK, HaTipHMep, CJIOBO <J\ B npHBe)l.eHHbiX npe)l.JIQ-
)KeHHHX, oHo iJoJl:»cHo 'lUmambcR moJlbKO KaK W3 u HUKozoa
KQK _::::_

Ilpoqen KHHry 2 pa3a. ).:(Ba pa3a noen.

'*-'-:1@15
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w;~:i@15 0 Ill:~ ij!ffi 1& 0
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2. - He MO)KeT CTOHTb nepe.ll. qwcJIHTeJibHbiMH T HJIH Ji.

llpa6UJIO 40.

5I xoqy pa36wpaTbCH B HacqHTbiBaiOmeM: 6onee 2 Tbi-

cJiq JieT wcTopww KHTM.

~mTM~OO=~~~~~~m~o ~
Wo xiang liaojie Zhonggu6 erqian duo nian ylqian
de lishi.

~mTM~OO~~~~~~~m~o 0
Wo xiang liaojie Zh0nggu6 liangqian duo nian
ylqian de lishi.
Dta6a 5. lfuCJtumenbHbte 55

Kor.z:~a 2 OTHOCHTC)I K cnoBaM -T HJIH Ji, ouo 4HTaeTcg

BCer)J;a KRK JJiY, a He KRK =·
2 ThiC)IlfH tfeJIOBeK }0 ThiC)Ilf KHJIOrpaMMOB
=-=fA ~ =lfff ~
erqian ren er wanjin
W3-=fA 0 W3JiJT 0
liang qian ren liang wan jin
3. 2, OTHOC)I~eecg K)J;eCUKRM, HeJih3)1 4HTRTh KRK PiJ3.
Hpa6UJlO 41.

R c co6oM: JaxaaTHJI TOJihKO )J;Ba)J;l.(RTh (py6neM:).

~;§;J _LJU!~fFW3 +~~ 7
Wo shen shang zhi shengxia Iiangshi kuai qian le.
~ :'il _tJu~rFI +I~~ 7 o

Wo shen shang zhi shengxia ershi kuai qian le.

Kor.r~a 2 o6oJuaqaeT KOJIH4eCTBO .r~ecgTKOB B 4HCJie, ouo

)J;OJI)I(HO 4HTRThC)I, KRK -·

2 8 - =+J\
ershi ba
720- -1::; Ef
qi bi\i ershi
=+
4. Kor.z:~a
2 B 4Hcne o6oJuaqaeT pa3pR.rl e.r~HHHL(, ouo ue MO)I(eT
4HTRThCR. KRK PiJ3.

Hpa6uno 42.

3Ta O)J;e)I()J;a OlfeHh )J;OpOrR)I, CTOUT 172 (.fiOJIJiapa).

~#~mmm.~-a-t;+W3~~0 ~
Zhe jian yifu hen gui, yao yibiii qTshiliang kuai qian.

~#~mmm.~-a-t;+=~~o 0
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56 lfacmb I. MoppO!IOZUR

Kor.z:~a 2 o603uaqaeT KOJmqecrno e)J;HHHQ B qucne ( CTOHT ua

OOCJie)J;HeM MeCTe), OHO quTaeTCH KaK -, a He KaK Wj.

382- _EfA+=
san bai bashi er

1s12- --TEa-t+=
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HcnoJILJooauue 'filJj
IJpaBUJIO 43.

3Tu .r~soe xopowue .r~pyl&H.

~ fiiJ3 -1' A:J~Jf JUt~ o

Zhe lia ge ren shi hao pengyou.
~"Wj-i' A~tlfJVttito
Zhe liang ge ren shi Mo pengyou.

~fiiJ3~tlfMO:o
Zhe lia shi hao pengyou.

fllJi - 3TO oco6euuoe o603uaqeuHe qHcna, 3TO coKpar.QeHHe

OT W31' s pa3rosopuoM KHTaHCKOM. C11eoyem omMemumb,
'lmo ec11u e npeo!lo:JfCeHuu y.J~Ce cmoum iWi, mo U3TlUUtHUM 6y-
oem eUJe pa3 cmaeUmb -i' llo3TOMY B pa3roBOpHOM KHTaH-
CKOM Mbl M<»KeT CKalmb ftffJWi-1' A. ft{fJ'fjl}jA HJIH ftfi'Jfi!Jj.
B pa3rosopuoM KHTaiicKoM ecTb eiQe o.z:~uo qHcJIHTeJI&uoe,
no.r~o6uoe 'fjl}j. 3ro cnoso E, KOTOpoe JuaqHT <<Tpoe (JIIO)J;eii)».

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I/paBU/10 44.

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puKe.
T!taBa 5. tfuC!IumenbHble 57

~tE~ ~ ~ T =
~if:¥X i-B- o
Wo zai Meigu6 xuele san ban nian hanyii.

~tE~ ~ ~ Tl~iF~l¥X i-B- o

Wo zai Meigu6 xuele san nian ban hanyii.

Kor.n:a CJIOBO ~ nmiBJUieTC}I B KOJIIfqeCTBeHHOH KOHCTpyK-

~HH, OHO He .n:omKHO CTO}ITb nocne ~enoro qucna. HanpnMep,
B npuse.n:eHHbiX npe.n:no)l(eHH}IX nocne cnosa-=.. HeJibJjj cpa.Jy
CTaBHTb ~. C11oeo -¥ OO!l:JICHO cmaBwnbCR noC!le ct~em1-1ozo
CllOBa no cxe.Me: 'IUC!lUmellbHOe + ct~em1-1oe Cllo6o + ~ +
+ C}'UiecmBwne.JlbHOe. HanpnMep, W31-~tNJt, ;\7}~~.
Ho ec11u 6 KOllU'IecmBeHHOU KoHcmpyKlfUU 1-1em lfe!lOZO 'lUella,
a ~ RBMemcR o6o3Ha'leHue.M o6utezo KO!lU'IecmBa, mo 01-10
cmaBumcR nepeo ct~emHbl.M CllOBO.M no cxe.Me: *-+ ct~em1-1oe
Cll060 + CYUJeCmBwne.JlbHOe. HanpnMep, ~1-tJ\B;J, ~~-€8.

HcnoJIL3oBauue ~

llpaBww 45.

3TO CT)')WHT KRKOfO K)'pca?

1$ Ji!Jf~ JLif:~ B<J ~ ~?
NIshi di ji nianji de xuesheng?

1$ ti!:JL if:~ B<J ~ ~?

NI shi ji nianji de xuesheng?

8 KHTRHCKOM }13biKe nop}l.z:IKOBbie qucJIHTeJibHbie o6pa3yiOTCH

nyTeM llOCTRHOBKH qaCTH~bl ~ nepe.n: KOJIHqeCTBeHHblM
qucJIHTeJibHbiM, HanpHMep ~=, ~}\. H T• .z:l., KaK 6bi TO HH
6b!JIO, nepe.n: HeKOTOpbiMH cyll.(eCTBHTeJibHbiMH qifCJIHTeJib-
HOe MO)I(eT CTO}ITb CaMO no ce6e B 3Haqemm nOp}l.z:IKOBOro.
K TRKHM cyll.(eCTBHTeJibHbiM OTHOC}ITCH KJiaCC B lllKOJie, Kypc
B HHCTHT)'Te, JTR)I(, po.n:cTBeHHHKH. HanpHMep, =:tt:~. -=..
m-. Em.
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6
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OnpeJJ;eJieuue

Cnosa, ucnOJlh3yeMhie B cqeTHhiX KOHCTPYKI..{HJIX BMecTe c

'IHCJlHTeJlbHhiM, Ha3hiBaiOTCJI C'leTHhiMH CJlOBaMH.

C'leTHhie cnosa MOfYT 6hiTh pa3.n;eneHhi Ha .n;se rpynnhi:

1. 11MeHHhie C'leTHbie CJlOBa.

11MeHHhie C'leTHhie CJlOBa OTHOCHTCH K 0603Ha'leHHHM JliO,ll;eH
HJllf npe.n;MeTOB.

~* 7G 12. X>j
limi yuan dian dui
CaHTHMeTp IOaHb HeMHOfO napa

2. fnaroJlhHhie C'leTHhie CJlOBa.

rnarOJlhHhie C'leTHbie CJlOBa YKli3hiBaiOT Ha qacrozy .n;eilcT-
BHH.

Pa3:

(X il!i @1 ~
ci bifm hui tang

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1. C<JeTHhie cnosa He MOryT ucnoJlh30BaThCH caMH no ce6e.

Dw6a 6. C11emHble CJI06a 59

2. CqeTHhie cnosa ucnonh3YJOTCH nocne qucnuTeJihHhiX HJIH

yKa3aTeJihHhiX MecTOHMeuuii.

-1- 3![0
yige zhe hui
O,ll;Ha Wl)'Ka 3TOT pa3

3. O.n;uocnmKHhie cqeTHhie cnosa Moryr 6biTh y.n;soeHhi .n;nn ne-

pe,n;aqu 3HaqeHHH «KIDK,ll;hiH».

1-1-(~1-) {J\{X(~{X)
ge ge cici
KIDK,ll;hiH KIDK,ll;h!H pa3

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yKa3<rreJibHOe MeC10HMeHHe, BMeCTe C K010pb!M OHH 00pa3YJOT
KOJIHqeCTBeHH)'IO KOHCTpYKQHIO, K010pa» MmKeT CJI)?KHTb:

ftB~ Tl -*l-1S o ( f'F 5E i-!f) (onpe.n;eneuueM)

Ta maile yi ben shu.
On Kynun o.n;uy KHHry.

flt~ TEjlo (f'F~H-!f) (.n;ononmneJihHhiM qnenoM)

Wo kimle yi bian.
j{ npoqen o.n;uu pa3.

ft~l- flo (f'F~i-!f) (.nononueuueM)

Wo yao san ge.
Mue ua.n;o TpH.

2. CqeTuoe cnoso ue MOJKeT oT,n;eJihHO 6hiTh KaKHM-nu6o qne-

HOM npe,ll;JIOJKeHHH.

Ha IJTO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHM3HHe

npu HCDOJib3083HHH CIJCTHbiX CJIOB

1. CqeTHhie cnosa ue Moryr 6biTh onyweHhi.

60 lfacmb I. MoprjJoliOZUR

Ilpa6UJlO 46.

Y HaC B CeMbe TpH MaiiiHHbl.

fit 1I'J * :ff -=.1\: $ 0

Womenjia you san qiche.

fit m*:ffl- mire tt= 0

Womenjia you san liang qiche.

HeJib3JI nocnoBHO nepeBO.lVITb 4>pa3y «TpH MaiiiHHhi» Ha KH-

TaikKHH. B pyccKOM qucJIHTeJibHbie Moryr cTaBHThCJI Heno-
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CB060,ll;HbiM.

Ilpa6UJlO 47.

B 3TOM napKe oqeHh MHoro KpacHBhiX u.seTOB.

J! 1-01m£ :ffi'f$1-~~13l¥JfE 0

Zhege gongymin Ii you xiiduo ge meili de hua.

J! 1-01m !f-!. :ff i'f $lrF ~ ~~ l¥1 fE 0

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B KHTaiicKOM JI3biKe CYUJeCm6y/Om npa6wza, KacalbU{uecJl

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meecJI cqeTHOe CJIOBO - 1-, HO OHO He MO)I(eT riO,ll;MeHJITb
co6oi1 .n;pyrue cqeTHhie cnosa.
D1a6a 6. C<temHble CJI06a 61

O,l\HH l.(BeTOK. O,l\Hae,l\a. 0AHa pyqKa.

--'}fE ~ --'}W ~ --'}~ ~
yige hua yige ran yige bi

-5kfE 0 -tCffi-tft 0 -st~ 0

yiduo hua yi dun ran yi zhibi

0AHa 6yThmKa BHHa. 0AHH JIHCTOK 6yMaru.

--'}~ ~ --'}~ ~
yigejiu yige zhi

-mt~ 0 -*~ 0
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3. Oepe,l\ cqeTHhiM CJIOBOM ,l\OJI)I(HO 6hiTh qucJIHTeJibHOe.

IlpaBUJlO 48.

B MOeM o6~e)({HTHH miTh :na)({eH, .s1 )({HBY B KOMHaTe

Ha TpeTbeM 3Ta)({e.

am~m*~~E~.att~-g~-i'm
~mo ~
Women de sushel6u you wu ceng, wo zhuzai
sanl6u de ge fangjian Ii.

am~m*g~E~.att~ ~~--1'
m~mo 0
Women de sushel6u you wu ceng, wo zhuzai
sanl6u de yi ge fangjian Ii.

B npuae,l\eHHhiX npeAJIO)I(eHH.IIX nepe,l\ cqeTHhiM CJIOBOM -1'-

.l\OJI)I(HO CTO.IITh KaKOe-TO qucJIHTeJihHOe. Oo npaBHJiaM KH-
TaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH, K020Q 6 npeoJIOJ/CeHUU cma6UmCR.
C'lemHoe CJ/060, eMy Bcezoa npeoUiecmByem 'lUCJiume.nbHOe,
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MeCmOUMeHue P)J~. Y 3TOI"O npaBHJia eCTb TOJibKO O.ll.HO HC-

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cyll.{eCTBHTeJibHOe, CJie.lJ.YIOil.{ee 3a HHM, HBJIHeTC}I .ll.OOOJIHe-
HHeM, 'IHCJIHTeJibHOe (-) MO')I(eT 6b!Th onyll.{eHo. Hanpu-
Mep, ilt~T$§$.

4. C'!eTHoe cnoso He CTaBHTCH nepe.n. KOJIH'!eCTBeHHhiMH cy-

ll.{eCTBHTeJibHhiMH.

/IpaBUJlO 49•

.5I nonro.n.a)I(HJI B lllaHxae, nonro.n.a )I(HJI B ITeKHHe,

J*e ro.n. HaJa.n. npuexan s KHTaif.

~:tEJ:~tt T $-"!':¥, :tE~t~ tt T $-"!':¥,

*~OOS~-1':¥To ~
Wo zai Shanghai zhille ban ge nian, zai Beijing
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~:tEJ:~tt Tl$:¥1, :tE~t~~ tt Tl$:¥1,

~oos~l :¥IT
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ban nian, lai Zhonggu6 yijing yi nian le.

B KHTaifcKoM }13hiKe cyll.{ecTsyeT rpynna O.lJ.HOCJIO)I(HhiX cy-

ll.{ecTBHTeJibHhiX, KaK, HanpHMep, fF B npuse.n.eHHbiX npe.n.-
JIO)I(eHHHX, a TaK')I(e B, 7(, ~, :Bi, ;#, iN:, 51-~, fY, KO-
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0HH Ha3biBaiOTCH {(KOJIH'!eCTBeHHbie cyll.{eCTBHTeJibHbie».
JTH cyll.{eCTBHTeJibHble MOryT CTOHTb Cpa3y OOCJie 'IHCJIH-
TeJibHOro HJIH YKa3aTeJibHOro MecTOHMeHH» " nepe.n. HHMH
He Tpe6yeTCH C'leTHOe CJIOBO.

-=--*- iiOO --t:& /\51 )\.iN:

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CTpaH HO'!eH neT ypOKOB
rna6a 6. C'lemHble cno6a 63

5. ITepe.n CJIOBOM M B o603Ha'leHHH KOJIH'IeCTBa speMeHH Ha-

.no CTaBHTb C'leTHOe CJIOBO 1-.
llpaBUJlO 50.

R }')Ke MeCJII..\ He nonyqan nuceM H3 .noMa.

:t~tBr~- J3~1f~~tl*lll¥1f~r7 o
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!ltB~I--t- J31~1f~¥tl*lll¥1m7
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xin le.

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H 7;_. ~ H 7;_ - KOJIH'IeCTBeHHbie cy~eCTBHTeJibHble,
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cpa3y nocne 'IHCJIHTeJibHOro. HanpHMep, - 7::. 3Ha'IHT
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~HMOCTH.

Ilpa6UJIO 51.
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H3 HHX, HO O~HO!

7. Heonpe~eJieHHOe CJIOBO ® He MO)!(eT 6b!Th HCll011h30BaHO

BMeCTe C 'IHCJIHTeJihHb!M.

Ilpa6UllO 52.

Kro K)'llHJI 3TH nHTh ap6y3oa?

J3: ® 1i1-- [9 Jll~ i1t~~ l¥1?

Zhexie wu ge xigua shi shui miii de?

J3:~®Jll~it~l¥J?
Zhexie xigua shi shui miii de?

J3:1i 1--®Jll~it~l¥1?
Zhe wu ge xigua shi shui miii de?
DtaBa 6. C'lemHble CliOBa 65

KaK cqeTHoe cnoso, o6o3Haqruomee Heonpe.D.eJieHHoe KOmi-

qecTBO, @ He MO)I(eT 6biTb IICOOJib30BaHO BMeCTe C qiiCJIII-
TeJibHbiMo TO!IbKO 'lUCJ/Ume!lbHOe - WIU YKCl3ame.nbHble
MecmoUMenUR :i! u Jl~ Mozym npeOUtecmBOBamb ®.
06paTnTe BHuManue: nocTaHOBKa - nepe.D. ® He o6o-
3HaqaeT TOqHoro KOJIIIqecTBa, OHO nepe.D.aeT 3HaqeHIIe Heon-
pe)J.eJieHHOro ~OJIIIqeCTBa BMeCTe C @ o

8. Heonpe)J.eJieHHOe cqeTHOe CJIOBO - J#:)L He MO)I(eT CTORTb

nocne cymecTBHTeJibHOroo

llpa6UJIO 53.

)I{IDK)J.a 3aMyqHJia, XO'I)' BbinHTb HeMHOfO BO)J.blo

~~7 1~JI~J.k-J2JLo
Woke Ie, xiang he shui yidianr.

~1~7 ~~~-,8JL7JC
Woke Ie, xiang he yidianr shui.

KaK II - ®, - }#: ) L TaK)I(e RBJIReTcR Heonpe.D.eJieHHbiM

cqeTHbiM CJIOBOMo CoqeTaHHe -B) L MO)I(eT 6biTb nocTaB-
JieHo TOJibKO nepe.D. cyi.IJ,eCTBHTeJibHblM, KaK II - @ o

CoeCTb HeMHoro. IJoqiiTaTb HeMHOrOo

11Z*ID3-,8JL ~ ~4=$-® ~
chi dongxi yidianer kan shU yixie

Ill;- J~U L* ID3 0 ~-®4=$ 0

chi yidianer dongxi kim yixie shU

HeKoTopaR no3HUHR. HeMnoro ra:JeT.

~1~-,8JL ~ tiH!£-® ~
kanta yidianer bitOzhi yixie

Jo11511
66 lfacmb I. MoprjJo1102UR

-£JL~f.t -®:f=lH~
yidilloer kfmra yixie baozhi

9. HenpaBHJibHOe ucnoJib30BaHHe clJeTHbiX CJIOB, o6o3HalfaiO-

muxapeM.!I.

IIpaBUJlO 54.

B K~rrae o.n;HH ypoK - 50 MHHYT, a B AMepHKe o.n;HH

ypoK - qac n.!ITHa.n;u.aTb.

~*OO&~~E+*.~~OO·~~-~
~+E*o - ~
Zai Zh6oggu6 mei jie ke wiishf reo, zai Meigu6 mei
jie ke yi xiiioshf shfwii reo.

~*oo•~~E+*~.~~~-~~-
,J,~+E*o 0
Zai Zh6oggu6 mei jie ke wiishf renzhoog, zai
Meigu6 mei jie ke yi xiaoshf shfwii reo.

ClfeTHbie cJiosa, o6o3HalJaiOmue speM.!I, - 3TO cJiosa 'j' 1:11,

7t, ?ti't', .fV, ~IJ. Ko2oa CJI060 ?ti't' ucnoflb3yemcR. ca;wo
no ce6e, mo ecmb eMy He npeoutecm6yem CJI060CO'lema1me co
CJI060M 'j' 1:11, o6R.3ame.nbHO ucnoflb306aHue popMbl 7t
i't',
+
HanpHMep .=. 1i ?ti't', a ec11u 'j' 1:11 npeoutecm6yem o6o-
3Ha'leHU10 KOJIU'leCm6a MUHym, nOCJie 'lUCJIUmeJlbH020 MO-
JICem 6bzmb nocma6JleHo 71, a CJ/060 i't' MOJICHO onycmumb,
HanpHMep W3,J,I:I1+1i?t.
rJiaBa MECTOHMEHIDI
7 1~iJIJ

OnpetJ;eJieuue
MecTOHMeHHe - 3TO CJIOBO, KOTOpoe MO:lKeT 3aMeH.!!Th cy-
mecTBHTeJibHOe, maron, npunaraTeJihHOe, qucnHTeJihHOe HJIH
uapeque.

KJiaccncl»nKan:uu
MecTOHMeHH.!I MOI)'T 6hiTh pa3;:J;eJieHhi ua TpH KJiacca:

1. JluqHhie MeCTOHMeHH.!I.
MecTOHMeHH.!I, o603uaqaiOmue semu HJIH JIIO;:J;eM:, Ha3hi-
BaiOTC.!I JIHqHhiMH.

3t §C.
wo ziji
.11 caM

2. YKa3aTeJihHhie MecTOHMeHH.!I.
MecTOHMeHH.!I, Bbi;:J;eJI.!IIOll(He JIIO;:J;eM: lfJIH sem;u, Ha3hiBaiOT-
C.!I YKa3aTeJihHhiMH.

~JL
zber
3;:J;ech

3. Bonpoci-neJihHhie MecTOHMeHH.!I.
MecTOHMeHH.!I, KOTOpbie ucnoJih3YIOTC.!I ;:J;JI.!I o6pa30BaHH.!I
BOnpoca, Ha3biBaiOTC.!I BOnpOCHTeJibHhiMH.

3*
68 lfacmb I. Mop¢o11o2UR

it {t~
shuf shenme
KTO qTo

rpaMMaTuqeCKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH

1. JluqHoe MeCTOHMeHHe He MO)((eT npHHHMaTh cnosa ~pymx

qacTeif pequ B KaqeCTBe MO~H<l>HKaTOpa B npen03HQHH.

2. JluqHoe MeCTOHMeHHe He MO)((eT y~sausaThCH.

3. HeKoTophie nuqHble MeCTOHMeHHH HMeiOT <PopMy MHO-

)((eCTBeHHoro qucna.

rpaMMaTuqecKHe ci»YHKQHH

1. no~ne)((all.(ee.

!i~~Yfllo
Ta shi Uioshi.
OH- yquTenh.

2. Onpe~eneHue.

~±t!!:1J ~ Yfo
Zhe difang zhen hao.
3TO MeCTO npOCTO OTnHqHoe!

3. ,D,<monHeHHe.

itai1J~ JL!?
Shuf ziti nar?
KTO TaM?

4. 06CTOHTenhCTBO.
=IDIIF':' /,z. lf-l-lr
':32:. t±. .a:;:
1~ p Vl''V<.! I~' ijX.0

Qing gaosu wo zenme zuo?

CKa)((H MHe, no)((anyifcTa, KaK ~enaTh?
D~a6a 7. MecmoUMem.m 69

5. CKa.JyeMoe.

4'-**"'\l~ -2,. ffl?

Jfntian tianqi zenme yang?
KaKaJI cero.nmr noro.na?

Ha qTO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHMaHHC

npH HCUOJILJOBaHHH MCCTOHMCHHH

llpa6uno 55.

Mbi TOJihKO qro nomnH ua 3aHHTHH, noqeMy Thi ue

w.nemb?

IXJrJ~PeHnJ:lN:'* T ffJ\JJ1t-i./F'*?
Gangcai zanmen shang ke qu le, nl weishenme bu
qu?

IXJIJ::t~m__tiN:'* T ffJ\JJft-i./F'*?
Gangcai women shang ke qu le, nl weishenme bu
qu?

B KHTaifcKOM H3biKe cymeCTByiOT .[IBa MeCTOHMeHHH, COOT-

BeTCTBYIOIUHe pyccKOMY MeCTOHMeHHIO 1-ro JIHQa MH. qwcna
«MbD>, O.[IHO H3 HHX- .flt{i'J, .npyroe - !l~ffJ . .fltff] 6 OC-
1106110M noopmyMeeaem rnO!lbKO 2060pRUf,e20, 110 He ezo C0-
6eceOHUKQ, e mo epeMR KaK 11~ fi'J eK!llOttaem u zoBOpRU{-ezo,
u co6eceo11uKa. B npHse.neHHbiX npe.nno)J:(eHHHX, nocKOJihKY
co6ece.[IHHK He XO.[IHJI Ha 3aHHTHH, OH He BKJIIOqeH B nOHHTHe
«MbD>, no3TOMY HCnOJib3yeTCH .fltffJ.

4'-XPEJ11'J~~$'* o (BKJIIOqaeT co6ece.[IHHKafOB)

Jfntian zanmen dou qiche qu.
Mbi cero.[IHH see noe.neM Ha senocHne.ne.
70 lfacmb I. MopljJoR02UJl

~{j(ft1f]~~~~::f~• ..Rff{fj\~-s:fro (ue BKJIIO-

qaeT co6ece,nHHKa!os)
Zheci women dou kiio de bUhiio, zhiyou ni de yi biiiren.
Ha 3TOT pa3 Mhl see OJioxo c.na.rru 3KJaMeH, TOJihKO Thi
nonyqHJI CTO 6a.JIJIOB.

2. BonpocHTeJihHhie MeCTOHMeHIDI ue Moryr npe.nrnecTBOBaTh

cqeTuou KOHCTPYKI.\HH.

flpaBUJlO 56.

qTO 3TO Ja MeCTO?

~Rdt ~ -1-±f!J.:li?
Zhe shi shenme yi ge difang?

~;'! ft ~ ±f!J.1i?
Zhe shi shenme difang?

~J!I--t-tr ~l±f!l.n?
Zhe shi yi ge shenme difang?

B npuse.neHHhix npe,nno)l{eHHHX {t.Z. - sonpocuTenbuoe

MecTOHMeHHe, a -1'- - cqeTHaH KOHCTPYKI.\HH. no npaBH-
naM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH, K020a 60npocumeJlbHOe .Me-
cmoUMeHue noR6JlRemcR 6 npedllO;HCeHuu 6.Mecme co cttemHou
KOHCmpyKljUeU, OHO dOJl;HCHO cma6UmbCR nOCJle Hee.

flpaBUJlO 57.

llmKarryHcTa, u,nu c10,na, a oua nycTh u,neT ry.na.

ili1%1\7IOJ~ JL, iJJIB '*~J Lo

Qing ni lai nar, rimg ta qu zher.

ifi1~I*~JLl iJJIBI'*JJ~JLia
Qing ni lai zher, rimg ta qu mk
rnaea 7. MecmoUMeHUJl 71

~ H }1~ HBJUIIOTCH yKaJa:renhHhiMH MeCTOHMeHHHMH, Bhi-

.n;enHIOIUHMH mo.n;eii unu npe.n;MeTbi. ~ YKCl3bl6aem Ha ll10-
oeu WlU npeo.Membl, pacnOJlO:»CeHHble 6JlU3KO K Z060pRUJe.My,
6 mo 6pe.MR KaK }1~ YKCl3bz6aem 1-ta ll10oeu u npeo.Membl,

*
pacnono:»eeHHble oOJLeKo om zo6opRUJezo. Jlo:Jmo.My mazoll
(npuxoaumb) Haoo ucn0Jlb306amb 6 co'lemaHuu c ~JL,
'lmo 3Ha'lum npu6AU:»CeHue K zo6opRUJe.MY, a mazon -'!:
(uomu) Haoo ucnollb3oeamb 6 co'lemaHuu c }1~) L, 'lmo 3Ha-
'1Um yoOJLeHue om zo6opRUJezo. CymecTayeT TaiOKe paJHHQa
a o6o3HaqeHHH apeMeHH: ~fltf'* o6o3HaqaeT HacToHmee, a
JJ~B'tf'* o6o3HaqaeT npoumoe unu 6y.n;ymee.

4. Mecro aonpocHTenhHhiX MeCTOH.MeHHH a nocne.n;oaaTenhHhiX

maronhHhiX KOHCTPYKQHHX.

llpa6UJlO 58•

.H He xoqy Huqero nHTh.

ft/F;fl{{t~~o
Wo bu xiang shenme he.
ft/F~l{~ft~lo
Wo bu xiang he shenme.
B npuae.n;eHHhiX npe.n;no:>KeHHHX ;*J!~{t~ -
3TO nocne.n;o-
aaTenhHaH maronhHaH KOHCTPYKQHH H aonpocuTenhHoe Me-
cTOHMeHHe ft ~ HBnHeTCH B HeM )J;OUOnHeHHeM, U03TOMY
ero MeCTO nocne aroporo marona- ~-

5. MecTOHMeHue He MO:>KeT cne.n;oBaTh 3a npunaraTenhHhiM.

llpaaww 59.

B 3TO socKpeceHhe H HHK)'.l\a He nofuzy, 6y.zzy LfHT3.Tb .n;oMa.

~ -1' £M* fltl/FP]~ JL~I, t9t:fr%lt!:tf-tL ~
Zhege xingqitian wo bU nar qu, jiu zai jia li kan shu.
72 lfacmb I. MoprjJoll02UJl

5!-'f~M~ltt~~PJJ~JL, Mi::fr%1IUg-=f:5o 0
Zhege xingqitian wo bu qu nar, jiu zai jia li kan shii.

MecTOI1MeHJUI o6na,naroT TeMI1 X<e xapaKTepHCTHKaMI1, qTo H

cy~eCTBHTeJibHble, ll03TOMY B np11Be;:J;eHHOM npe;:J;JIOX<eHI1H
~~JL He MOX<eT croaTb nocne sonpocuTeJibHOro Hapeq11a
/F. Ero MecTo- nocne marona -'t:.

Ilpaaww 60.

B KuTae a KIDK.lJ.biH ;:J;eHb rosopHJI no-KHTaHCKI1.

:fr 9=' IE, lit ft .Z. ~WiJl ~Xi! o

Zai Zhonggu6, wo shenme tian dou shuo hanyu.
;fr 9=' IE, lf(;PJJ~
Zai Zh6nggu6,
*Wi.#. ~Xi! o
wo na tian dou shuo hanyu.

1t ~ 11 P}J~ o6a aBJiaiOTCa BOllpOCHTeJibHbiMH MeCTOHMe-

HI1aMH, YKa3biBaromHMI1 Ha Heonpe.D.eneHHoe cymecTBH-
TeJibHOe. 1t ~ He npe;:J;nonaraeT HCKJIIOqeHHH H3 Kpyra
npe;:J;MeTOB, Ha3BaHHbiX Cyll{eCTBHTeJibHbiM, C HHM qacTO
HCUOJib3YIOTCa CJIOBa 1m 11 tB. P}J~ 0603HaqaeT «BCe», C
HHM TOX<e qacTO 11CUOJib3YIOTCa CJIOBa 1m 11 tB. Cne;:J;yeT
OTMeTHTb, qro P)J~ o6bl'mo mpe6yem nocJle ce6R C'lem1we
Clloeo. HanpuMep, B npuse;:J;eHHbiX npe;:J;JIOX<eHI1ax 7:. -
cqeTHOe CJIOBO H cymeCTBHTeJibHOe B O)J;HO H TO X<e BpeMa, a
UOTOMY nepe;:J; HHM )J;OJIX<HO CTaBI1TbCa ~~. 1f ~ .06bJqHQ
CTOI1T nepe;:J; cyll{eCTBI1TeJibHblM.

ft .z. A W~~~1Jo o

Shenme ren dou neng canjia.

Bee MoryT yqacTBOBaTb.
Dwea 7. MecmoUMeHUJl 73

P]~fft A t~~~~1Jrl 0

Na zhong ren dou neng canjia

Jli06hie lllO)J;H MOryT yqaCTBOBaTb.

ft1,.J¥1tEt~~~To
Shenme shi tii dou nenggim.
OH MO)I(eT ;:J;enaTh see.

P]H4$11EW~~T 0

Najiim shi tii dou nenggan

OH MO)I(eT ;:J;enaTh ni06bie ;:J;ena.
Dtasa HAPEqiDI
.8 gjljin]

Onpe,ll,eJieuue

Cnoso, HCllOJih3YIO~eecH nepe~ rnaronoM HJIH npHnara-

TeJihHhiM MH 0603HalfeHHH BpeMeHH, CTeneHH, pa3Maxa, llO-
BTOpeHHH, OTpHQaHHH, CKOpOCTH, B03MO)l{HOCTH HJIH HaCTpoe-
HHH roBOpH~ero, Ha3h!BaeTCH HapelfHeM.

rpaMM3TH-IeCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH

1. HapelfHH He MOryT OTHOCHThCH K cy~eCTBHTeJibHhiM.

2. HapelfHH He MoryT y~saHBaThCH.

3. DOJihliiHHCTBO HapelfHH He MOryT CJIJ)KHTh CaMOCTOHTeJihHhiM

OTBeTOM Ha BOllpOC.

4. HeKOTOphie HapelfHH MOryT BhiCrynaTb B pOJIH CBH30K.

ft!?)lz 1G'Oii]!!j 0

Ta chi wan f'an jiu shui.

OH ~oen 11 cpa3y 3acHyn.

rpaMM3TH-IeCKHe ci»YHKI(HH

OcHOBHM rpaMMamlfeCKM <}lyHKQHH Hape<JHH - cny)l{HTh

o6CTOHTeJibCTBOM/onpe~eJieHHeM K marony.
DtaBa 8. HapettUR 75

Ha qTo CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHMaHHC

npH HCDOJIL30BaHHH Hapequii

HcnoJIL30Bauue $
1. :J$ He MO:>KeT CTOHTh nepe~ cylll,eCTBifTeJibHhlM HJIH MeC-
TOHMeHHeM.

HpaBUJlo 61.

Bee cry~eHThi uaweu rpynnhr cero)J.HH e.D.yr

s Hx3IOaHh.

~!It 1n mEJ<J ~ 1:.4--7:."* ~~o ~m 0

Dou women ban de xueshengjintian qu Yfheywin.

!It mmEJ<J ~ 1:.4'-7:.1~ *'~~o 1m 0

Women ban de xueshengjintian dou qu Yfheyuan.

HeJih3H nocJIOBHO nepeso~HTh npe~Jio:>KeHue «Bee MOH o~­

HOirnaccHHKH nOUIJIH cero~H}[ B napK I1X3IOaHh», TaK KaK B
KHTaifcKOM H3hiKe Hapeque :ffl3 MO:»Cem cmaBUmbCR. mOllbKO
nepeo npww2ameJ1bHblM WlU 2Jla2o!loM, no3mOMY B npuBe-
oeHHbZX npeOJIO:J/CeHlUIX 0110 OOJI:JICHO npeoutecmBOBamb 2Jla-
2011Y 1;;. B pyccKOM H3hiKe «Bee» - MeCTOHMeHue, KOTOpoe
MO:>KeT BhinOJIHHTh <IJYHKI.(HH onpe~eJieHHH HJIH noMe:>Kalll,e-
ro/~onOJIHeHHH, HO B KHTaifcKOM :J$ - 3TO Hapeque, a6co-
JIIOTHO He COBnMaiOlll,ee C pyCCKHM «BCe» C TQqKH 3peHHH
HCnOJib30BaHHH.

2. 0TCYTCTBHe :J$.
HpaBUJlO 62.

Bee xopoume Tosapbl no ueBhiCOKOH u:eHe c~enaHhi

3~ecb, 3aqeM Thl xoqeruh KYDHTh HMUOpTHbie?

m~~-~~EJ<J*~~oo~~~EJ<J.~~
~~~~~*oom? ~
76 lfacmb I. MoppollOZUR

Suoyou jialian wumei de dongxi shi gu6nei zhizao

de, nr weishenme haiyao mai waigu6 huo?

*
i?fi =ffl1fr Nit 4m ~ 1¥1 ® =m ~ oo I*J #5~ :iii 1¥1, f$
~ff~~~~*m~? 0
Suoyou jialian wumei de dongxi dou shi gu6nei
zhizao de, nl weishenme haiyao mai waigu6 huo?

llo npaBHJiaM KHTaifcKOH rpaMMaTHKll, KOf,U:a B npe,n:no:>KeHHll

nmiBmnoTca cnosa Jijf1'fi¥J 11n11 -il], HapeqHe 1$ o6a3a-
TenhHO .n:on:>KHO 6hiTb nocTasneHo nepe.n: rnaronoM. ,[(pyme
CllOBa, KOTOpbie Tpe6yiOT o6a3aTenhHOfO npHCYTCTBHa :J$ B
npe,n:no:>KeHHH,- 3TO {t~ 11 191~.

Jyt::ff~ ~~ll}j~ -ti:YJl$ =W:ff ~ 00 ~ tB 0

Xianzai meigu6 nage chengshi dou you zhonggu6

fanguan.
Ceifqac B Ka:>K,n:OM ropo.n:e AMepHKH ecTb imTaifcKHe
pecTOpaHlfHKH.

~*~l1t~IA=W~:W o

Zhe ben shii shenme ren dou ai kan.

3Ta KHHra BCeM HpaBHTCa.

3. 1-hnHIIIHee Hcnonh30BaHHe 1$.

llpa6uno 63.

B 3TOM 3oonapKe ecTb TpH naH.U:bi.

''A-.:;:~ Mnr;;:T m .:lt!t-:t;-- J:I -"te.;{-1+
:iZ 1 tYJ'f~J tci _:r. fiWFJ .=:./"'-~~1m o
Zhege dongwl!yuan li dou you san zhi xi6ngmao.
' ' /.\.:;:.hMnr;;:T m *- J:I -"b){-1+
:iZ I ?YH~J IN _'F. 'Fl .=:. / "'-~~1m o
Zhege dongwl!yuan 1i you san zhi xi6ngmao.
D1a6a 8. Hape'lUJl 77

Kor.ua m llOHBJI.sJ:eTCH B npe,UJIO)I(eHlm B KaqecTBe MO.UH<tm-

KaTopa, llO,UJie)l(~ee, K KOTOpOMY OHO OTHOCHTCH, .UOJI)I(HO
CTOHTh 80 MHO)I(eCTBeHHOM HJIH Heonpe,ueJieHHOM qucne.
EcRu noOJle:»Cautee cmoum 6 eOUT-tcmBeHHOM ttUCJle, KaK i3: -1'-
Z9.14Pllm B npHBe,UeHHhiX npe,UJIO)I(eHHHX, UCnOJlb306QHUe 1'm
U3JlUUlHe.

HcnoJibJosauue ~[!
1. 1~ He MO)I(eT OTHOCHThCH K MO,UaJihHhiM rnaroJiaM ~
HJIH ~-

llpaBUJlO 64.

Kor.ua H nomen B rnKony, MHe cpaJy 3axoTenocb no-

exaTh B KnTau.

!Jt__t 9=' ~ Ei<J at {IJc, J!9t ~Lt~ ~ 9=' 00 ~~ o [gl

Wo shang zhongxue de shfhou, jiu hen yao qu
Zhonggu6 kankan.

!Jt__t 9='~EJ<Jat1~, J!Jtl{~tltl~9=' 00~~ 0 0

Wo shang zhongxue de shfhou, jiu hen xiang qu
Zhonggu6 kankan.

ft__t 9=' ~ EJ<J at fiJc, mt Jf ~ 9=' 00 ~~ 0

Wo shang zhongxue de shfhou, jiu yao qu Zhonggu6

kankan.

Hapettue 1~ MO)I(eT OTHOCHThCH K MO.UaJibHhiM rnaroJiaM

~,fl., ,t!;i:, $*, "'ij]'~ H T. ,U., HO He K i?JIQ20JlQM ~ U :m.
fi03TOMY HeJib3H CKaJaTh 1~ ~, 1~ /f' ~, 1~ ~ HJIH 1~ /f'
~-

2. Kor.ua B npe.uno)l(eHHH eCTh rnaron, HMeiOID.HH 3HaqeHHe

KpHTHKH HJIH yHH)I(eHHH, 1~ He MO)I(eT xapaKTepH30BaTb
OTHOCHID.eecH K HeMy npHJiaraTeJibHOe.
78 lfacmb I. Mop¢o!I02Wl

llpaBUJlO 65.

MoSI ,ll.eByiiiKa KpHTUKOBaJia MOJO cnuiiiKOM rpSI3H)'IO

KOMHa'I)'.

~ 1¥1:9: Mt~Jtti,SJZ ~ 1¥1 9i fBJ 1LUJ! o

Wo de nil pengyou piping wo de fangjian hen
zang.
m
~ 1¥1:9: M1ff..1tttSJZ ~ EJ<J rBJ :*M 0

Wo de nil pengyou piping wo de fangjian tai zang.

Hapeque 1~ MO:>KeT CTOSITh npu npunaraTeJihHOM u o6o3Ha-
qaTh, qTQ CTeneHh npOSIBJieHUSI ,ll.aHHOfO KaqecTBa Bhiiiie
cpe,ll.Heii. Ho Kozoa cKa3JleMblM e npeoJlo:>~eeHuu RBJZRemcR
2lla<?Oll, wweiOU{Uu 3Ha'leHue KpumuKu WIU YHU:JICeHwt, Ha-
npuMep ftti,ljl, KaK B npuBe,ll.eHHhiX npe,ll.JIO:>KeHUSIX, KOmO-
pblU yKa3bleaem Ha cy6beKmUBHoe MHeuue cy6oeKma (noo-
Jle:>ICaU{ezo), 1~ OOJI:>ICHO 6bzmb 3a.MeHeHo ua *..

:m. ~~~~ AJ.JJ..-f:-/.8

I .J.l!:'./J1~'<
-v<.!,WJA!.J.C.
Ito
Wo ganjue zhege Wo xian zhege dila.ng tai
dila.ng hen leng. Ieng.
MHe Ka:>KeTcSI, :no MHe He HpasuTcSI, qm
MeCTO oqeHh XOJIO,ll.- 3TO MeCTO oqeHb XOJIO,ll.-
HOe. HOe.

~ll.Jfi3?.~1~~~* :t:xt@f~~:*~~*
g§o g§o
Wo tingshuo ta hen Zhangfu baoyuan ta tai
ai mai dongxi. ai mai dongxi.
.5I CJlhiiiiaJI, OHa JII0- MY:>K :>~<aJiyeTcSI, qm oHa
6HT XO,ll.UTh 3a llOKyn- CJIUIIIKOM JII06UT XO,ll.UTh
KaMU. 3a noKynKaMu.
Dla6a 8. Hape'lwt 79

HcnoJiblOBaaue & fffl (aao6opoT)

1. JX ffij He MO)f(eT 6biTh HCOOllb30BaHO B npeAf!O)f(eHHH, B KO-

TOpOM HeT npOTHBHTellbHOH qacTH.

lipaBUJlo 66.

R )I(HJI B KuTae ro.n:, u y MeiDl He ronhKO ynyqmHJic.ll

KHTaHCKHH, MHe see 6onhme u 6onhme HpaBHTC.Il Ku-
Taii.

fr~OO~mT-~.ft~&**~~f.sm
~T.&~~*~%~~000 ~
Zai Zhonggu6 shenghu6le yi nian, wo de hanyu
shuiping budan tigao le, :taner yue l<ii yue xihuan
Zhonggu6.

fr~OO~mT-~.ft~&**~~f.sm
~T.~H~*~%~~000 0
Zai Zhonggu6 shenghu61e yi nilin, wo de hanyu
shuipfng budan tigao le, erqie yue hii yue xihuan
Zhonggu6.

Hape11ue & ffij o603Ha'laem pe3yllbmam, ne coenaOaiOU{UU

c o:JK:uOaHWlMU, no::JmoMy mpe6yem npomueume!lbHOU
11acmu npeO!lo:JK:eHUJl. B npuse.L{eHHhiX npe.n:no)f(eHmix ~
*~J:)!X ~ 00 He HBllSieTCH npOTHBHTellhHhiM no OTHO-
llieHHIO K tfl:jl001:$7-i:f:, &ift7J(-'jZ~~T H TeM
6onee He HBnHeTCSI qeM-TO CBepx O)f(H,L{aHHH. fl03TOMY B
,L{aHHOM npe.L{nO)f(eHHH oTcyTcTBYIOT ceMaHTuqecKue yc-
nosuSI ,L{ll.ll HCOOllhlOBaHHH JX ffij. BMeCTO Hero CTOHT 00-
CTaBHTh CllOBO ffiJ Jl, COe,L{HHSIIOIUee O,L{HOpO.L{Hhie qacTH
npe.L{llO)f(eHHSI.

2. JX ffij Hellh3SI HCOOllh30BaTh B npe.L{llO)f(eHHH, r,L{e YTBep-

)I(.LJ:aiOTCSI ,!:{Be npOTHBOOOllO)f(Hbie BeiUH.
80 f.Jacmb I. Mop¢oJI02UJl

llpa6UJlO 67.

Mue upasHTcx c.rryrnaTb ypoKH, KoTopbie Tbi se)l,ellib,

a BOT eMy He upaBHTCH.

!lt%x}(llfrf$ijj:Ef<Ji*, &mift!!~%x.Xo IRI

Wo xihuan ting nljiang de ke, taner tabu xihuan.

!Jt%~~~i}j:Ef<J~,~~~%~o 0
Wo xihuan ting nijiang de ke, er tabu xihuan.

HapeqHe & rm o6o3uaqaeT pe3yJibTaT, He COBil~aiO~HH c

Q)l(H)l,aHHHMH, Il03TOMy Tpe6yeT rrpOTHBHTeJibHOH qaCTH
npe)l,Jio)l(eHH». HanpHMep, ~fkf:±~liz, 4It~*Wlilf.,
'J'**~0~li:ili, &rm~~i!S~IJ. B npHse,~J;euubix npe.ll.-
JIO)l(eHH»x yKaJauhi .ll.Ba <t>aKTa: -!!t*xx H 1t!?./f'*)!X· 3m
<t>aKTbi »BJIXIOTCX npoTHBOrrOJIO)l(HbiMH .ll.pyr .ll.pyry. Ho sro-
. poif $aKT He HBJIHeTCX qeM-TO CBepX 0)l(H)l,aHHH OTHOCH-
TeJibHO rrepsoro $aKTa. ll03TOMY B .ll.aHHOM rrpe,ll;JIO)l(eHHH
oTcyTCTBYIOT ceMaHTHqecKHe ycJIOBH» M» HCrrOJib30BaHH»
& rm. BMeCTO nero CTOHT IlOCTaBHTb CJIOBO rm.

HcnoJJblOBauue Jt
llpa6UJlO 68.

Mue oqeub upasuTcx lleKHH, TaKOH KpacnsbiH ropo.ll..

!lt•%xx~t~~-"~'•~ssEJ<J~m o
Wo zhen xihuan Beijing zhege zhen meili de
chengshi.

~-~xx~t~~-l'~ssEJ<J~m o
Wo zhen xihuan Beijing zhege meiH de chengshi.

HeJib3H nocJiosuo nepeBO.ll.HTb ua KHTaifcKHif cJiosoco-

'IeTaHHe «.ll.eHCTBHTeJibHO KpaCHBbiH ropO,Il;». 8 KHTaHCKOM
H3biKe KOHCTPYKQH» «¥fc + npHJiaraTeJibHOe» HCITOJib3yeTcx
Dla6a 8. HapettUR 81

BeCbMa qacTO, HO He06XO~HMO llOMHHTb, qTO maKOe CJI060-

CO'lemaHUe MO:JICem 6blCmynamb KOK CKa3Ye.MOe WIU OonOJl-
HUmeJlbHblU 'l!leH npeOJIO:JICeHUR, HO He 1<01< onpeOeJleHue.
no3TOMy MO:>KHO CKa3aTb:
ftU. - coqeTauue BbiczynaeT KaK CKaJyeMoe;
ftP.B<J& ~1H~lJt~f~]. - coqeTaHHe BblczynaeT KaK ~onon­
uurenbHbiH qneu; HO uenb3H CKa3aTb: Jt~fB<JiW:*, Jttf-B<JA.

HcnoJiblOBauue tE.
1. i:!?. He MO:>KeT CTOHTb nepe~ cyrnecTBHTellbHbiM MllH MeC-
TOHMeHHeM.

Hpa6UJIO 69.

R aMepuKauel(, on TO)I(e aMepuKaHel(.

~J!~OOA, t!Mt!?.J!~ffi!Ao
Wo shi Meigu6ren, ye ta shi Meigu6ren.
~J!~ffi!A, l1mm:J!I~ffi!Ao
Wo shi Meigu6ren, ta ye shi Meigu6ren.
Mecm i:!?. JacnY:>KHBaeT oco6oro BHHMaHHH. KaK Hape~ue
i:!?. OOll:JICHo ece20a cmoRmb Me:JICOy noO!le:JICaU{UM u CKa-
3Ye.MblM.i:!?. He MO:>KeT npe~rneCTBOBaTb cymecTBHTellbHOMy
HllM MeCTOHMeHHIO.

2. nYTaHm~a Me:>K~Y i:!?. " X.

Hpa6uJlo 70.

R cnpoci1JI, uuKTO ue OTBeTI11I, qepe3 ueKoropoe speMH

H cuosa cnpoci1JI.

~fJJJT-tu, ¥9:A§J~o ttT-~JL, ~m

~T-tuo ~
Wo wenle yf ju, mei ren hufda. Guole yfhuir, wo ye
wenle yfju.
82 lfacmb I. Mop</JonozUR

fltiQJ T -15], &A@l~

Y..IQJ T -15] o
Wo wenle yi ju, mei ren huida. Guole yihuir, wo
you wenle yi ju.

B npHBe)l.eHHhiX npe)l.Jio:>KeHH)lX Haoo yKCl3amb Ha no6mope-

Hue 00H020 U m020 :»ee Oeucm6WI (maroJI fo]) 00H020 U mo-
20 :»ee cy6beKma (MeCTOHMeHHe !It) 6 pa3Hoe 6peMR. B
TaKoM CJI)"'ae cJie)l.yeT ncnoJih30BIITh Hapeqne X, a He ill.
no)l.06Horo 3HaqeHH)l (noBTOpeHH)l) HeT y ill.

3. nyTaHIU.\a Me)l()l.y ill ... tS H X ... X.

Ilpa6UJlO 71.

3HMhi TYT H xoJIO)l.Hhie, H cyxne.

J!J LEf<J ~ :7( tf?Jt ill-To

Zher de dongtian ye leng ye gao.

J!JLEJ<J~:l(Y..It Y.. -To

Zher de dongtian you Ieng you gan.

B KHTaiicKoM )l3hiKe He cyi.QecTByeT Mo)l.eJIH: ill + npHJiara-

TeJihHoe I + ill + npnJiarareJihHoe 2. EcJZu 06a oOHopoOHblX
npwwzameJlbHblX noR6!lJliOmcR 6 oOHOM npeO!lo:»eeHuu, o6o-
3Hatta.R 06a Kattecm6a oOHozo noOJZe:»eautezo, ucnollb3yemc.R
ifJopMy!la: Y.. + npwwzameJlbHOe 1 + X + npunazameJlb-
Hoe 2.

~ ~mx·tR:Y..~~!lo
Zuo reiji you kmii you shiifu.
JleTeTh Ha caMoJieTe H 6hiCTpO, H y)l.o6Ho.

~Y..~D'={Y.. ~ ~ o
Ta you heqi yoQ shanliang.
0Ha H MHJia)l, H )l.o6pa)l.
Dta6a 8. Hape'lUR 83

llcnoJJblOBauue X
1. Oynunn~a Me~y ¥f H Y....
llpa6UJlO 72.

3Tur lj:>HJihM oqelfh xopoumw, sqepa » OIDITh ero CMarpe.rl.

~~~~mM.~*aM~T-~o ~
Zhege dianying hen hiio, zu6tU'in wo 2'.<\i kanle yi
bian.

~~~~mM.~*aX~T-~o 0
Zhege dianying hen hiio, zu6tian wo you kanle yi
bian.

¥} u X o6a o603Ha'-!aroT nosropeuue HJIH npo.D;OJDKeuue

;:J;eMCTBHR HJIH CHl)'aQHH, H B pyCCKOM Rlh!Ke OHH o6a MOryT
nepeBO.D;HThCR KaK «CHOBa>>. Ho Y... yKa3bl6aem na mo, 'lmo
n06mopeHUe OeUCffl6UR WlU cumyatJUU y;»ce npOU30UUlO, KQK 6
npueeoeHHOM npeOJlOJICeHUU, B TO BpeMR KaK ¥} nOKa3bl6Q-
em, 'lfflO noemopenue OeUCffl6UR WlU cumyatJUU fflOJlbKO C0-
6upaemCR npoU3oumu. HanpHMep, 4-:¥~~_t::k~. lljj:¥
¥}~.

llpa6UJlO 73.

Y Men» coosa TeMnepazypa, » eme ueMuoro nocmuo.

ft~tEtt~. XII¥-~ JLPE.a
Ni haiui fiishao, you shui yihuir ba.

1~~tE1t~. Wilt-~ JLPE.o

Ni haiui fiishao, zai shui yihuir ba.

B npuse;:J;eHHhiX npe;:J;JIO)!(eHHRX ;:J;eiicTBHe IIi-~) L e~e ue

npOH30liiJIO. B 3TOM CJI)"--ae CTOHT HCOOJib30Bafh uapeque ¥},
o6o3Ha'-laro~ee
nosropeuue ;:J;eiicTBHR B 6y;:J;ymeM. 3Ta oum6-
Ka npOTHBOOOJIO)f(Ha Oli!H6Ke B npe.D;hi;:J;y~eM npe.D;JIO)f(eHHH.
84 lfacmb /. MoprjJOJtozwt

2. nyramu.(a Me)I()J;y X " ~-

flpa6UJlO 74.

B 3TOT pa3, npuexas nyrerneCTBOBaTb B lllaHXaii, R Icy-

mm MHoro o.n:e)I(,LV>I, a TaiOKe noen 6mo.n:a rnaHXaHCKOH
K)'XHH.

~~a~~•*fi.~Tm$am,x~
T ~-~0 ~
Zheci wo dao Shanghai lOxing, maile hen duo
yifu, you chile Shanghaicai.

~~a~~•*fi.~Tm$am.~~
T~-~0 0
Zheci wo dao Shanghai liixfng, maile hen duo
yifu, hai chile Shanghiiicai.

B npuse.n:eHHbiX npe)l.Jlo)((eHHRX .n:eH:cTBHe ~e npou3ornno,

HO ~:;&ff~ H JJZJ:;lfij:~ - 3TO He UOBTOpeHHR O)l.HOIU H
TOI"O )((e )l.eHCTBHSI. no3TOMY 3)l.eCb 6y)l.eT HenpaBHJibHO HC-
UOJib30BaTb X. Kazda nepe'luCllRIOmcR pa3Hbte iJeucmewt
WlU cumyat~uu, nado ucnallb306amb nape11ue ~.

3. X He MO)((eT cne.n:osaTb 3a MO)l.aJibHbiM maronoM.

Ilpa6UJlO 75.

Moii coce.n: 6biJI 6oneH HecKOJibKO .n:Heii, cero.n:m cHo-

sa MO)((eT KyrnaTb.

ftB'-J[rlJ~mTMJL~, ~~~~X~'Oi7 ~
Wo de t6ngwi1 bingle hao jl tHin, jintian neng you
chi fan le.

ftB'-JrnJ~mTMJL~, ~~~x~~luz'OiT 0
Wo de t6ngwil bingle hao ji tiiin, jintian you neng
chi fan le.
Dtaea 8. Hape'IUR 85

Hapeqne X B rrpe.lUIO)I(eHHH MO)I(eT 6hiTh rrocTaBJieuo

TOJihKO rrepe)l. MO)l.aJihHhiM rnaroJIOM.

OmiTh ynhi6HeTCH. Cuosa CMO:)I(eT H)l.TH

ua 3a.IDITIDI.

~X~T ~ !:iJI;AX_L~T ~
Hui you xiao !e. Keyi you shangxue !e.

x~~T 0 Xi:iJ!;A_t~y 0
You hui xiao !e. You keyi shangxue !e.

HcnoJJblOBauue iE
1. nYTaHm~a Me)l()l.y i:E H ¥}.
llpaaww 76.

5I CMOTpeJI 3TOT <fJHJihM, MHe OH HpaBHTCH, HO HeT

BpeMeHH H)l.TH CMOTpeTh CHOBa.
a~ttm~~~.am#~.$~ft&~
fPtfBJ~*~ 0 ~
Wo kanguo nage dianying, WO hen xihuan, danshi
wo meiyou shijiiin hai qu kan.
a~ttm~~~.am#~,$~R&~
fJ't~~*~o 0
Wo kanguo nage dianying, wo hen xihuan, danshi
wo meiyou shijian zai qu kan.

i:E H ¥} o6a MOryT 0603HaqaTh nOBTOpeHHe )l.eHCTBHH B

6y.ll.yw.eM. Ho neped iE ne MO:>~eem cmoRmb omputJaHue.
flo::JmoMy e maKux cJZy•wRx ucnallb3yemc.R ¥}.
86 lfacmb I. Mop¢0lloZUJl

Coeiiib ei.Qe neMnoro. Jl ne 6y;zy 6oJibiiie ecTb.

ft~oz:- ..~ULo 0 ft/F~OZ:T o [gJ
Wo hai chi yidiaru. Wo bu hlii chi le.

ft:jlfllZ;- B) La 0 ft/F¥fllZT 0
Wo zai chi yidianr. Wo buzai chi le.

2. if He MOiKeT IIpe~IIIeCTBOBaTb Cyi.QeCTBHTeJibHOMy.

llpaBUJlO 77.

Mbi sqepa ocMaTpusanu yqe6noe 3ase~enue, a TaiOKe

OCMaTpHBaJIH 3aBO~ H 60JibHHI..()'.

ft11'JD'Fx~~J\!T~t:lt, I)~~~o
Women zu6tian canguanle xuexiao, gongchang hlii
yiyuan.

ft{I'JD'pR~~J\! T ~tlt, ~~~~ TII}~[1!2'f~o 0

Women zu6tian canguanle xuexiao, hlii canguanle
gongchang he yiyuan.

B pyCCKOM Mbl MOiKeM CKa3aTb «Mbl IIOCeTHJIH IIIKOJiy, a e~e

3aBO~ H 60JibHHQy», HO B KHTaitcKOM Hape'lue if He MOJICem
cmoRmb nepeo CYUf.ecmeume.nbHbl.M, mollbKO nepeo 2!l020JIOM.
Ilo3moMy noc!le iE naoo nocmaeumb coomeemcmeyiOUJUU
2!la20Jl.

HcnoJJblOBauue 7.t
1. llyTaHHQa M~y ;;f H fi}.
llpaBUJlO 78.

3To ~eno oqenb BaiKHOe, xopoiiieHbKO no~YMaH, npeiK-

~eqeM peiiiaTb.
Dla6a 8. HapettUR 87

Zhe jian shi hen zhongyao, ni· hiiohao xiiingxiang

cai jueding ba.

~14·~~£~, {~\MM~l!~¥ft}c/EP~o 0
Zhe jian shi hen zhongyao, ni hiiohao xiangxiang
zai jueding ba.

Hape•me :;;t o6biqHo ncnoJib3yeTcx WIH o6o3HaqeHHR roro,

qro ~eifcTBHe coseprneHo no3~Ho, MeWieHHO HJIH nponcxo-
~HT HecTa6HJibHO. HanpnMep, ~:t$:-=!5ttt!!.;'{f T -i=.F:::tlof16.
Ho B npnae~eHHOM npeWio:>KeHHH HeT 3HaqeHHR, qro ~eiicT­
BHe {jc 5E nponcxo~HT no3~Ho HJIH Me~JieHHO. Hao6opoT,
no~qepKHBaeTCH, qTo ~eHCTBHe npOHCXO~HT llOCJie ~pyroro
~eHcTBHH (~~). B 3TOM cnyqae :;;t He noMOMT, a cneeyeT
llOCTaBHTb fl}.

2. :;;t H T He Moryr noxBJIHTbcx a o~HOM npe~no:>~<eHHH.

R TOJibKO B 3TOM ro.n:y oKoHqnJI YHI-fBepcnTeT.

~~~71-::k~*~T o
Wo jTnnian cai daxue biye le.
~~~*~*~To
Wo jTnnian daxue biye le.
~~~j-*~*~o
Wo jTnnian cai daxue biye.
Kor~a B npeWio:>KeHHH co cnoaoM, o6o3HaqaroiUHM apeMx,
CTaBHTCR Hapeqne :;;f", OHO HMeeT 3HaqeHHe MaJieHbKOfO ne-
pno~a speMeHH HJIH MOJIO~oro B03pacTa. HanpHMep, :;;t 1i :5t
~, :;;t =:57. Kor~a B KOHQe npe~Jio:>KeHHH co CJIOBOM, o6o-
3HaqaJOIUHM speMx, cTaBHTCH T, noxBJixeTcx no~qepKHyToe
3HaqeHne ~onroro apeMeHH HJIH no:>~<nnoro B03pacTa. Ha-
npnMep, ftfi']~J _::.:1'-/J,B-J'J, {tB.::::.:t7T Il03TOMY ~Ba
88 Lfacmb /. MoprjJoJIOZUH

npOTHBOnOJIO)I{HhiX cnoBa (/t H T) He Moryr nOMBHThCM B

O~HOM npeMO)I{eHHH.

HcnoJiblOBanue ~
1. ll)'TaHHQa Me~y ~ H /t
llpa6UJlO 80.

Sqepa 6bmo olJeHh MHoro ~oMauiHux 3~aHuu, .ll ~e­

nan ux 'leThipe qaca.

B'F1CI¥J1'F~~~~. ~1~71ZY-t/Nt-H9t1~7'G7 o [g)

Zu6tian de zuoye ben duo, wo zuole si ge xiaoshi
jiu zuo wan le.

B'FJCI¥J{'F~~~~' ~{~TIZY-t/NpJ::t{~jGo llJ

Zu6tian de zuoye ben duo, wo zuole si ge xiaoshi
cai zuo wan.

}j9t - Hape'IHe, 0603HalJaiOII.(ee, 'ITO ~eHCTBHe HalJHHaeTCM

paHo HJIH npoTeKaeT ycneuiHo, HanpHMep !ft-.!f!.mt* T; !ft.li
g}j9i:jl§'* T llpHBe~eHHoe npeMO)I{eHHe 3Ha'IHT «y MeHM
CJIHUIKOM MHOfO ~OMaUIHeH pa60Thl, y MeHM yxo~HT MfiOfO
BpeMeHH Ha TO, 'IT06hi c~enaTh ee». B 3TOM cnyqae H~o
HCOOJih30BaTb /t

2. }j9t He MO)I{eT CTOMTh nepe~ OO~Jie)Kall.(HM.

llpa6UJlO 81.

YcJihiUiaB MOH cJioBa, OH cpaJy JanJiaKan.

I!Jf 7~1¥1-0, Ji9t{t1?.~7 0

Tingle wo de hull, jiu ta ku !e.

llJT7~1¥J-Qi, 1tl?.ff'Jt~7
Tingle wo de hull, tajiu ku le.
Tllaea 8. Hape'IUR 89

KaK " ~pyrue HapequJ~, Jl9t OOJlJICHO cmoRmb .Me:JICOY noo-

Jle:JICGUJU.M u cKa3ye.Mbl.M. HeJib3R CTaBHTh Jl9i; nepe~ no~ne­
)KamuM.

3. He~OCTaTOK me.
Ilpa6UJlO 82.

Mbi ace nporoJIO.l(aJIHCh, BCIO e.l(y cpa3y c'benu!

ft1!'JW'rft7, m:fHt{]t&-r~llZ:fGT ~
Women dou e le, suoyou de fan yfxiitzi chiwan !e.

ft1n~mT, m:ffi¥Jt&-r~mcnz7'GT 0
Women dou e le, suoyou de fan yfxiazi jiu chi-
wan !e.

Hape'lue Jl9t npuenocum 3Ha'lenue «6blcmpo u pano».

Ornu6Ka B npuse~eHHhiX npe~JIO)I(eHHRX cocTOHT B oTcyT-
CTBHH 8Jt nepe~ maroJIOM UZ, TaK qTo «6biCTpOTa» OKa3a-
JiaCb He no~qepKHyra.

HcnOJiblOoauue fL~

1. }L;!Jk He MO)I(eT CTORTb OOCJie UOMe)l(all(ero.

Ilpa6UJlO 83.

Bee cry.l(eHThi HarneH: rpymihi He o6parn;aiOT Ha Hero

BHHMaHHR.

*
ft {!'] I¥J lfiJ ?¢ }L ~ /F JJI! {tB
0

Women ban de t6ngxue fanshl bu II ta.

*
ifL~Ift {!'] I¥J IRJ ?¢ W/F JJI! {tB 0

Fanshl women ban de t6ngxue dou bu n ta.

90 Lfacmb /. MoptjJoJIOZWl

}L;ft H :m - HapeqHM, 0603HaqaiO~He MaCIIITa6 ~eifcTBHM,

no ~~ o6wmo cmaeumcR Me.JICOY noOJle.JICaU{UM u CKmye-
MbZM, B TO BpeMM KaK }L~ Mo:>KeT CTOMTh TOJibKO nepe~
UO~Jie)l(a~HM. 00CKOJibKY }L ~ He MO)I(eT CJI~HTb o6-
CTOMTeJibCTBOM, OHO MO)I(eT CJI~HTb JIHIIIb onpe~eJieHHeM K
no~Jie)l(a~eMy. 3To B~HM rpaMMaTHqecKM xapaKrepH-
cmKa }L~. Ilo3moMy }L~ naoo cmaeumb nepeo noOJle-
.JICaU{UM, a maK.JICe nepeo eceMu omnoCRU{UMUCR K noORe-
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noReJIJlemcR e npeollo.JICenuu, W OOJI.JICHO cmoRmb nepeo
CK~eMblM,~OUOJIHMM }L~.

2. }L~ He MO)I(eT coqeTaTbCM C MeCTOHMeHHeM.

llpa6wzo 84.

Ha npornnoH: He~ene 6biJI KOHK)'pc KHTaHcKoro .ll3bi-

Ka, yqacTsosanu see cry~eHThi, u3yqa10mue KHTaH-
CKHH.

~~£M~-~~~-*~-.~~ftill
m#~T ~
Shang ge xingqi you yi ge Zhongwen yanjiang
blsai, fanshi women dou canjia le.

~~£M~-~~~-*~-.~~ad
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canjia le.

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Dta8a 8. Hape'IWl 91

f10~JieX<ai.Qee, K KOTOpOMY OTHOCHTCR: }LJ!, MOX<eT o603Ha-

qaTb JIIO~eH HJIH npe~MeTbl. Ho npu 0003HG'IeHUU mooeu
noOlle:JICaU{UM He MOJ/Cem 6bzmb JZU'IHOe MecmoUMeHue, ma-
Koe KQK iitffJ. f$ffJ WIU -fthff]. f1o:noMy B npHBe~eHHOM
npeMOX<eHHH He06XO~HMO ~o6aBHTb CJIOBOCOqeTaHHe ?Jf:¥J._
i~fl'fJ?Jf:~, KOTOpoe COOTBeTCTByeT !JtffJ; HJIH y6pan:, ftfi'J,
OCTaBHB TOJibKO CJIOBOCOqeTaHHe i!!f¥J._ "$ I¥J ?Jf: ~.

HcnoJILJooauue ;ti;;f;:

llpaoUJlo 85.

0 TOM ~ene, 'ITO Tbi rosopHJI, H see JHaiO.

f$i3t E8:1! ftf:~ft** 9m:i!! o

Nl shuo de zhe jian shi wo genben zhidao.

f$ iJt E8 :1! ftf:~ft ~t~ §;u :i!!
o

Nl shuo de zhe jilin shi wo qmin dou zhidao.

HapeqHe ~ * o6o3uaqaeT «OT uaqana ~o Konu:a», «B

KOpHe». FJZa20ll, K KomopoMy omHocumcR ~*· OOJZJICeH
cmoRmb 8 ompu7JamellbHOU ¢opMe. EcJZu 2Jla2oll 6yoem 8
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HbiX npe~JIOX<eHHRX, Hape'IUe ~* HaOO 3GMeHUmb Ha
:i:W.

**~1A i,R - - ~W1A i,R

genben bu renshi quitndou renshi
COBCeM He 3Hal0 llOJIHOCTbiO 3Hal0

**¥)(~i1 ~w~u
genben mei du guo qmindou du guo
coseprneuuo ue qHTan noJIHOCTbiO npoqHTaJI
92 lfacmb I. Moppollo2UR

HcnoJibJOBauue ~~'/it

1. ::J!='{t 11 1~ He MOI)'T 6b!Tb 11Cll0Jlb30Ba.Hbl O)l.HOBpeMeHHO.

llpa6u/lo 86.

Kor.n:a ~ ycJibiiiiaJI :ny HOBOCTh, ~ oqeHb nepe)f(UBaJI.

llJT ~ui3: 1-m .m.!lt~~-m-{rtxttt 0

Tingdao zhege xiaoxi, wo feichang hen minguo.

IYT~Ui3: 1-¥~'L~,, !lt~~-m-xlMo

Tingdao zhege xiaoxi, wo feichang minguo.
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Tingdao zhege xiaoxi, wo hen minguo.
XoT~ o6a Hapequ~ 11=1t u 1~ o6oJHa'IaiOT noBhiiiieHHYIO
CTeneHb, OHU He MOryT o6a OTHOCUTbC~ K O)l.HOMY 11 TOMY )l(e
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2. 1f1t He MO)I(eT cne.n:osaTb Ja ::f.

llpa6ullo 87.

MHe oqeHh He HpasuTc~ ecTh KYCO'IKH Chipou pbi6bl.

!lt::f~~-m-Wx.XIlZ~iB Jt o
Wo bu feichang xihuan chi shengyupian.
!ttl~~ -m- ::fl% x.X llZ ~ iB Jt o
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B npuse.n:eHHhiX npe)l.JIO)I(eHu~x 11=1t Hado cottemamb c :If',

e ::Jmww CJzyttae :If' cmaeumcR noclle 1!=1t.
~~ -m- ::f lj:g, f1)j ~F-m-::f~~
feichang bu congming feichang bu gaoxing
O'IeHb HeyMHbiH oqeHb HeseceJibiH
Dwea 8. Hape'IWl 93

3. ~r1t He Mo:>KeT OTHOCHTbCR K rJiaroJiy.

llpa6UJZO 88.

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ua 3aHRTHR, oua oqeub cHJihHO 3a6onena rpunnoM.

ftEJ{]IRJffi~*/F~~*J:iN:o ~~~1jt~~ To ~
Wo de t6ngwii jintian bu neng lai shang ke. Ta
reichaog ganmao le.

ft E81RJ &.~* ::f ~~*J: i!~L ~~ ~ f~~~~ ~~

lm~lo 0
Wo de t6ngwii jintilin bu neng lai shang ke. Ta
ganmao de reichaog lihai.

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npwtazameJZbHOe, UMe10UJee cmeneHb, a He macoll. B npnse-
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fJJ '1!f MQ)I{HO UOCTaBHTb UOCJie f~ Et B KaqecTBe ,l{OllOJIHH-
TeJibHOfO qneua.

HcnOJiblOBauue xlm
llpa6UJlO 89.

He)')KeJiu see 3TH KHHrH npoquTan?

xt:i!!i3: .t1:~ -t5 ~~i1 T

Nandao zhexie shu dou kanguo le?

xti!!i3: .t1:~-t5 ~~ i1 T ~?
Naodao zhexie shu dou kanguo le rna?

Hapeqne xt~ 11CllOJib3YeTCR B p11TOp11qecKHX sonpocax

JJ:JIR Bhi,neneunR. BonpocnTeJihHaR qacTHQa ~ 111111 cnoso
94 lfacmb I. Moppoli02Wl

~ fflG 06biqHo CTaBHTCR: Ha KOHQe TaKHX npe,LUIOlKeHHH BMe-

CTe c 5<-liR. TI03TOMY xiHM: HaOo ucnOJlb306amb 6 60npocax,
a He 6 ym6epJICoemmx.

HcnoJiblOBanue ~1.

1. ~~1t H ~.Z,. He MOryT IIORBHTbCR: B O,l{HOM IIpe,nJI())I{eHHH.

llpli6UJlO 90.

JI B KnTae )')Ke nonro,na H TaK cKyqaiO no cnoeu

co6aKe!

*~ t:J?- ¥-:¥ 7 !It$ -z._ ~~1ft!~ !{t I¥J ~Uj Pjliij! [gj
L<ii Beijing ban ni<in le, wo duome !eichang xiang
wo degoua!

*~t:J?-¥-:¥7, !{t$-z._!~!{ta<J~Pjliij!
Lai Beijing ban nian le, wo duome xiang wo de gou a!

$.Z,. u ~~1t o6a R6!lR10mcR Hape'lWLMU cmeneHu. 0Hu He

Mocym noR6UmbCR 6 ooHoM u moM J/Ce npeoJloJICeHuu. Tipu-
se,neHHoe IIpe,nJIO)I(eHHe - BOCKJIHQaTeJibHOe, B HeM HC-
IIOJib3YeTCR: coqeTaHHe ~.Z,. Pjliif, II03TOMy ~~1t He H~HO.

2. ~ .Z,. He MO)I(eT IIpe,nrueCTBOBaTb cyrneCTBHTeJibHOMY HJIH

o6biqHoMy marony.

llpa6UJlO 91.

CKoJibKO )l(e mo.n:eu Ha IIJioma.nu TRHbaHbM3H!

X.~ n )tiJ_t1f$ -z.. APIWJ!

THin anmen Guangchang shang you duome ren a!

x.~nr-tm_tlf$& An~~'
THin anmen Guangchang shang you duoshao ten a!
Dwea 8. Hape'IUJI 95

Hape'lue ~ ~ Mo:JK:em omnocumbcR K npwwzameJlbHOMy,

HaDp11Mep ~~~}t, ~~~fJf, U K 21l020lly, 0603HO'W10-
UJeMy yMcmeenny10 oeRmeJlbHocmb, Hanp11Mep ~ ~ :*J!, ~
~ ~. Ho OHO He Mo:>KeT OTHOCI1TbCR K cy~eCTBI1Te11bHOMY
111111 o6biqHoMy maro11y. B np11se~eHHhiX npe~110:JKeHHRX
A- cy~ecTBI1Te11bHOe, no3TOMY oHo He Mo:JKeT pacnpo-
cTpamiThC.ll C110BOM ~ ~.

RcnoJib30Bauue :IF
1. ::f He MO:JKeT OTp11QaTb fl.
llptuJUAO 92.

ftBt~~~l&7
Wo yijing bu you qhin Ie.

ft Bt~¥9: ~ t& 7
Wo yijing mei you qhin le.

::f 11 & o6a R:BJIR:IOTCR: oTp11QaTe11bHbiMI1 il:apeqHR:MH. Pyc-

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o6R3amellbHO ucnollb306anue &, a ne ::f.

&ffA &~IJ1fa]
meiyou ren meiyou shfjian
HeT 11IO~eH HeTBpeMeHH

2. ::f He MO:JKeT OTp11QaTh ~eHCTBHe B UpOIII110M.

llpa6UJlO 93.

Jl 6biJI B oqeHb MHOrHX MeCTaX B Eapone, HO He 6bl11 B

IlapH:JKe.

ft~tl~~m$~~.~~~~ttE•o ~
96 lfacmb /. Moppoll02UR

Wo quguo Ouzhou hen duo difang, danshi bu

quguo Bali.

!lt*li~~H1&~±ii!1J, {B~¥9:*liE~o 0
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quguo Bali.

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Topoe )':>Ke CJiyqHJIOCb B npOUIJIOM. llo nprumJiaM KHTaikKOH
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ft!?.j£ 7 !;). }§' M.* ¥9:~ !It £3 J:t 1~

Ta zou le yihou, conglai mei gei WO xie guo xin.
0

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HcnoJiblOBanue ~

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II.(eMy IIOBTOp.IIIOII.(eec.II ,l{eUCTBHe.

llpa6wzo 94.

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!lti¥JI1t1&·tt, ~~atJ:W&lli*mo ~
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mei chuqu wan.

!lti¥JI1t1~·tt, ~~lltJ:W/Flli~mo 0
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nwaa 8. Hape'IUR 97

B npHae~eHHhiX npe~Jio:>KeHH.IIx o6cTO.IITeJibCTBO apeMeHH

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:JICeHWI IJQOO UCnOJlb306amb /F, a He ~.

2. ~ He MO:>KeT OTHOCHTbC.II K npHJiaraTeJibHOMy.

llpa6UJlO 95.

Mue KIDKeTC.II, 1ffO CHl)'aUH.II, 0 KOTOpOH Tbl roaopHJI,

uecepbe3Ha.II.

!lt:OO:f~ff.J\ 1#.1¥1 ·tf! iJL ~F £ o

Wo juede ni shuo de qfngkuang mei yanzhong.

!It :ro: 1~ ff.J\ iJi 1¥1 ·t~ iJL /1' r :m: 0

Wo juede nl shuo de qfngkuang bu yanzhong.

/(JlJl omputtaHWI npwwzameJlf:>1I020, o6o'3Ha'la10UJezo npupooy

wzu cmeneHb, KaK F M: a npnae~eHHhiX npeMo:>KeHH.IIX,
cReoyem ucnoflb30CWmb :If'.
a ue ~.

/f~~~ /1' IF.1ifti /1' lj\ic.\

bu r6ngyi bu zhengque bU xiaoxTn
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aep~HTeJihHO-oTpHUaTeJibHOH cpopMbi o6mero aonpoca.

llpa6u!lo 96.

Tbi He 3Haelllh, Kor~a nocTpoeua BeJIHKa.II KHTaH:cKa.II

CTeua?

~~m~~m*~~~~~~G!¥1?
Ni zhTdao mei zhTdao Changcheng shi shenme
shihou xiii de?
98 lfacm& I. MopljJOllOZUR

~~-~~-*~~~~~~-00?
Ni zhidao bu zhidao Changcheng shi shenme
0
shihou xiii de?

flpHBe,Z\eHHOe Ope)VlO:>KeHHe CTOHT B yraep,Z\HTeJibHO-OTpH-

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npoca fj;op;wupyemcR no cxe.Me: mazoll + :IF + mazoll.

~~~ PJ~PJ JEliJD~JEliJD

qu bu qu haobu Mo zhengque bU zhengque

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roM.

rpaMMaTU'IJeCKUe xapaKTepHCTUKU

1. llpe.nnorn He MOryT y.nsanBaTbCH.

2. llpe.nnorn He MOryT HCOOnb30BaTbCH B O):(HHQqKy.
3. npe.nnoru He MOryT 6biTb npeo6pa30BaHbl B YTBep.nnTenb-
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HnH J1.

EonbiiiHHCTBO npeMoros npnHHMaiOT cymecTBHTenhHoe

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HHTenbHbiH qneH unn onpe.neneHne.

4*
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1. 06croneJibCTBO.

1tE.[illfJG ~ 0

Ta bi wo gao.
OH BhiWe MeHH.

2. Onpe.neneuue.

l*-rl1mE8~=-tf!1$1lJTiJl7 ~?
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3. ,l(onOJIHHTeJihHbiH qJieH.
J!!fj#j $ Jf[i]~ ~ ;?- 0

Zhe liang che kaiwang Beijing.

3Ta MaWHHa e,l:(eT B lleKHH.

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HcnoJihlOBauue M.
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it!BW\}JijjU ~ ~ JiOI~ 7
Ta c6ng Shanghai dao Beijing hii le.
0Ha npuexana B lleKHH H3 lllaHXWI.

JA YKalhiBaeT Ha Mecro, r.ne .neiiCTBue npoxo.nuno.

rc:!f=:IM.~ oorul7fli ~ 7
Qiche c6ng wo mianqian kai guoqu le.
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ftm[£J!i~:n:~a1iJOiffl7
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Dla6a 9. llpeiJ!lozu 101

1. nocne JA .nomKuo cne.nosaTb o6oJuaqeuue MecTa.

llpaBUJlO 97.

R npuwen c 6acKeT6ona.
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2. nocne JA uenh3H cTaBHTb cyi.QeCTBHTenhuoe, o6oJuaqaJO-

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llpaBUJlO 98.

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!ttM mm1~ 7 -JE~~ 0

Wo c6ng gege jiele yixie qian.

102 lfacm& I. Mopf/JOllOZUR

~h\ ~F~HJ~ JLift¥ 7 -.tl:hf& o 0

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3. He)I.OCTaTOK J.A.
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ropHH.

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llpa8uJlo I 00.

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xuexi ha.nyi:i.

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cKoro npeOOAaBaTeJIH» Ha KHTaHCKHH H3biK OOCJIOBHO.
B npHBeAeHHhiX npeAJIO)[(eHHHX K npeAnory M OTHOCHTCH
CJIOBOCO'leTaHHe -1'~!E::t9ifJ, HBJIHIOll.{eecH He HalfaJibHOH
TO'IKOH AeHCTBHH, a AOOOJIHeHHeM, OTHOCHII.{HMCH K ~i)l*·
noA06Hoe CO'leTaHHe CJieAYeT nepeBOAHTb C HCOOJib30Ba-
HHeM npeAnora Ji!~, a He M.

5. nyraHHI.{a Me)[(Ay M H l1ti.

llpaBwro I 0I.

MoR ceMbH )[(HBeT Ja 50 KHJIOMeTpOB OT Hh!O-HopKa.

ft*f±iEM~_H~"Jli +01I!I¥J:I:tf!:1J o

Wo jia zhuzai c6ng Nii:iyue wi:ishi gongli de difang.

a*1± iE ~ ~_H~"J 11 +0 Jl! 1¥1 til! 1J 0

Wo jia zhuzai H Nii:iyue wi:ishi gongli de difang.

104 lfacmb I. MopfjJollOZUR

HenpaBIUlhHO nepeso.n;HTh cnoso «OT» s npe.n;no:>KeHIUt: «Mow

.D;OM HaxO.D;HTCH B 50 KHJIOMeTpax OT Hblo-HopKa» C OOMO-
l.l.(biO JA. B npuse.n;eHHhiX npe.n;no:>KeHnHx, xon B nux npu-
cyTCTByeT o6oJHa<JeHne MecTa ~11.~{]. coo6l.l.(aeTCH paccToH-
uue Me:>K.n;y «MOHM .n;OMOM» u «HhiO-tiopKOM». B KumaUcKOM
Jl3bZKe npeo!I02 JA ne MO:J/Cem o6o3Ha'lamb paccmoJlnue
Me:J/Coy oBy.M.R mo'lKa.Mu. 3mo 3Ha'lenue nepeoaemcR c no-
MOUJb10 ~.

6. .l{ononneHne c npe.n;noroM JA He MO:>KeT CTOHTh nocne rna-

rona.

HpaBUJlo I 02.

OH cnac 3Toro pe6eHKa HJ BO.D;hl.

ftB~ tf:l T 3.3: -t-~ -T JAJJ< 1I! o

Tajiuchule zhege haizi c6ng shuT li.

ft!?.JJAJJ<ll! ~ltf:l T 3.3: -t-~ -To

Ta c6ng shul li jiuchule zhege Mizi.

HeJihJH nepeso.n;nTh $paJy «oH cnac pe6enKa HJ BO.l(hi» Ha

KnTai:icKnH HJhiK nocnosHo. B npuse.n;eHHhiX npe.n;no:>KeHHHX
OOnOJIHeHUe C npeOJl020M JAJ]<Jl HBJIHeTCJI o6CTOHTeJibCT-
BOM K rnarony ~. H no npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH
ouo oo!l:JICHO cmoRmb nepeo 2!lazo!loM.

HcnoJibJo&auue ~
Ope.n;nor ~ Mo:>KeT BBO.l(HTh a,ztpecaTa .n;ei:icTBHH.

ftE.~!lt* T -Mffi o
Ta gei wo laile yi :Ieng xin.
OH npucnan MHe nnchMO.
F!la6a 9. llpeiJJlozu 105

Hmt o6paJOBbiBaTb naccHB, BBO.!Vl ~egTeng.

::&~li~ffilk¥*¥~ To
Yifu gei yushui lingshi le.
O~e:>K,ll.a HaMoKJia no~ ~o:>K,ll.eM.

1. )J.ononueuHe c npe~noroM ~ He MO)KeT CTOj!Tb nocne rna-

rona.

HpaBUJIO 103.

0Ha cnena ,neTgM necHIO.

3lt!!D~ T -ttBIX~f~-Tm 0

Ta changle yi shou ge gei Mizimen.

3lt!!~fK=f1i'JD~ T -tl"B!Xo
Ta gt!i haizimen changle yl shou ge.

HeJib3jj nepeao~HTb $pa:Jy «ona cnena ~euM necHIO» ua

KHTaikKHH jj3biK nocnoauo. B npHBe~eHHbiX npe~JIO)KeHHgx
oono;meHue c npeOJI020M ~ ~ T fi'J BbiCT)'naeT KaK KOC-
BeHHOe ~OnOJIHeHHe K rnarony p~ H no npaBHJiaM KHTaiicKOH
rpaMMaTHKH oo!l:JICHO cmo.R.mb nepeo 21lCl20liOM.

2. He~ocTaTOK ~.

llpa6UJIO 104.

R npo6biJI B KHTae ~e 2 Mecgu.a, a el.l.le He nocnan

MaMe HH O,AHOH $oTorpa$HH.

$U ~ ~~fpij-1' jj T, ~~¥9:~~-!b~!b-S*JffiJ=t o [gj

Dao Zhonggu6 bii li~ng ge yue le, wo hai mei jl
mama yi zhang zhaopian.
106 lfacm& I. MopfjJO!loZUR

Dao Zh0nggu6 hii liang ge yue le, wo bai mei gei

mama ji yi zhang zhaopiiin.

Henh3.11 nepeBO)l.HTh <J>pa3y «nocnan MaMe <J>oTorpa<J>uiO» Ha

KHTaHCKHH .113biK llOCJIOBHO. nocKOJihKY ZJlQ20Jl * He MO-
:»eem npUHUMam& 060UHOe OOnOllHeHUe, mo npeoJIOZ ~
OOJI:JICeH 6&zm& oo6a6JleH OJ/Jl o603Ha'leUUJl aopecama (~13~13),
a no!ly<tuew.eecR oonmmeuue c npeo!lozoM Haoo nocmaeum&
nepeo ZllazolloM. ~pyme maroJihi, no)l.qHH.IIIOUJ,Hecg 3TOMY
npaBHJiy: ~' i.Jt, ~ H J.!ID. 0HH TO)f(e Tpe6yiOT llOCTaHOBKH
a,l\pecaTa nepe)l. co6ou, o<J>opMneHHoro c noMOUJ.hiO npe)l.-
nora ~it.

llpaBUJlo 105.

Koma .11 npa3.!\HOBaJI )l.eHh po)f(,AeHH.II, O.!\HOKypcHHKH

no)l.apHJIH MHe MHOfO nO,l\apKOB.

att~B~~-.~~m~*am$~~0 ~
Wo guo shengri de shihou, t6ngxuemen songlai wo
hen duo liwu.

att~s~~-.~~m~a~*m$~
~0 0
Wo guo shengri de shihou, t6ngxuemen gei wo
songlai hen duo Hwu.

rnaroJI :i! MO)f(eT npHHHMaTb )l.BOHHOe )l.OllOJIHeHHe, Ha-

npHMep :i!:f!CA~~*L4m; ~:f!G--*1t. Ho Kozoa 3mom ZJla-

HanpUMep, *
zoll npUHUMaem OOnOJIHUme.Jl&HblU 'llleH Hanpa6lleHUR., KQK,
WlU *' OH He MO:»eem npUHUMam& OOnOJIHe-
HUJl. B 3mOM c.ny<tae KOC6eHHOe oonOJIHeHue, KaK :fiG B npu-
Be)l.eHHhiX npe)l.JIO)f(eHH.IIX, or/JopM!lRemCJI. C nOMOUJbiO ~ U
cmaeumcR nepeo Zlla20JIOM.
Dwea 9. llpeiJRozu 107

3. l13JUUIIHHH OOCTaHOBKa ~.

llpaBUJlo 106.

Bqepa MOH .n;pyr CKa3aJI MHe o.n;ey xoporny10 Hosocn..

~~ft~BM~~ft~W-~BmAo ~
Zu6tian wo de hao pengyou gei wo gaosu yi ge hiio
xiaoxi.

~~ft~BM~~Wft-~BMAo 0
Zu6tian wo de hiio pengyou gaosu wo yi ge hao
xiaoxi.

fnaroJI ~Vf npHHHMaeT ,lJ;Ba ,lJ;OOOJIHeHHH, 003TOMY 8 npH-

se.n;eHHbiX npe,Z1;JIOIKeHHHX H3JIHWHe O$OpMJIHTb KOCBeHHOe
,lJ;OOOJIHeHHe ft C OOMOI..l.{biO ~.

HcnOJJh30Bauue i&
OpeMor iF! o6wmo BBOAHT cy6neKTOB .n;eikTBHH (naprHepos
HJIH OOOOHeHTOB).

J3: 1tf:JJ11BR~ ft i>?.ii T

Zhe jian shi ta gen wo shuoguo le.
06 3TOM .n;ene oH co MHoii rosopHJI.

1. He.n;ocTaroK itt

flpa6UJlO 107.

3TO .n;eJIO MHe Ha,lJ;O o6Cy)l.HTb C OTI.{OM.

ft
J3: ftf:$ft~ ji}j :1: ~X: £j: 0

Zhe jian shi wo yao shangliang w6 de fumu.

J3: ftf:$ft~ R~ ft ~X:* [1}j I o
wo yao gen wo de fumu shangliang.
Zhe jian shi
108 lfacmb I. Mop¢0llo2UR

06beKT ~eHCT8HR j3j :ft He MO)I(eT 6biTb 110CTa8JieH IlOCJie

rnarona 8 KalfeCT8e npRMoro ~ononHeHHR. OH ~OJI)I(eH 6biTb
o4lopMJ1eH npe~JIOf'OM IJ!lt ll:iJ HJIH _fU H 8 KalfeCT8e KOC·
8eHHoro ~ononHeHHR CTORTb nepe~ rnaronoM. ,ll;pyme rna~
f'OJibl, no~lfHHRIOI.QHeCR 3TOMY npa8HJiy: N~. u}f~. filii)(,
tiJ• ifti H ftif.

2. J13JIHUIHee HCI10Jib308aHHe IJ!lt

flpaBUJlO 108.

CKIDKH MHe, nmKanyncTa, '-ITO npoHJOIIIno.

i,j!f{$~~~i§"i}f~1: 7{t.Z..J¥o
Qing ni gen wo gaosu flishengle shenme shl.
if!i1$ 1§- i)f ~~ 1:. 7ft .Z.. ~JL
Qing ni gaosu wo flishengle shenme shl.
11cnonb308aHHe rnarona i!.fi)l: Henoxo)l(e Ha HCnOJib308aHHe
iftiit. 06beKm 2JlazoJia i!.fi)l: MO:J/Cem cmoRmb npJI.Mo nocJZe
He20, nocmaH06KQ IJ!~ U3!1UUJHJI.Jl. 0UIH6Ka 8 11pH8e~eHHOM
npeMO)I(eHHH no~o6na OIIIH6Ke 8 npHMepe 106, r~e onHCbl-
sanocb H3JIHIIIHee HCnOJib308aHHe ~. 3TOMY npa8HJIY TaK-
)I(e no~lfHHReTCR qacTo HcnonbJyeMbiH rnaron IUJ.

3. .flj H IJ!~ He MOryT HCnOJib308aTbCR BMeCTe 8 O~HOM npek

JIO)I(eHHH.

DpasUJlo 109.

Blfepa .11 c ~PY3bRMH xo~HJI 8 KHHO.

~~~•~a~Ma-&*•~•7 ~
Zu6tian wo
gen he wo de pengyou yiql qu kan
dianying le.

~~~~a~Ma-~*•~•To 0
Dlaea 9. JlpeOJIOZU 109

Zu6tian wo he wo de pengyou yiqi qu kan diany-

lng le.

llpe,nJIOf *nHMeeT CXO.l{HOe C Il!t~ 3Ha'leHHe H 8 TOM :>Ke Ka-

'leCT8e HCnOJih3yeTCSI 8 npe.l{JIO:>KeHHSIX. ll03TOMY HX He CTO-
HT HCnOJih30BaTh 8MeCTe, CJie,nyeT 8hi6paTh O.l{HH H3 .l{aHHhiX
npe.l{Jloro8.

HcnoJJLJosauae tt
fi: nOKa3hJ8aeT HanpaBJieHHe .l{eHCTBHSI.
~ ;f1i 8 *mtJ!1<.$M o

W!ng min zou wubai ml jiushl huochezhan.

ECJIH npOHTH Ha lOf 500 MeTp08, cpa3y 6y,neT 80K3aJI.

flpaBUJlO 110.

Kor.na SI su.nen ee, oua KaK pa3 uanpa8JISIJiach 8 ueuTp

ropo,na.

3 ~~ !Ji!.1z1B at, ~ .iE {i:~;E o

Dang wo kanjian ta shi, ta zheng wang
cheng zou.

3~~ Jh!.~H'j, ~.iJ:Itt~.m.]}Eo

Dang wo kanjian ta shi, ta zheng wang cheng
li zou.

HeJih3SI nepe80.l{HTh 4lpa3y «Kor.na SI Y8H,nen ee, oua uma 8

ropo,n» Ha KHTaHCKHH Sl3hiK nOCJ108HO. llpeiJJZ02 ~.±. o6o-
3Ha'laem HanpaBJZeHue iJeucmBUR, u noCJZe Hezo OOJI:»cHo
cmoRmb C)'UiecmeumeJZbHoe, o6o3Ha'la10Uiee Mecmo WIU Ha-
npaBlleHue. EcJZu ::Jmo o6bZ'lHOe cyUiecmeumeJZbHOe, KaK, ua-
npHMep, ~ 8 npHae,neHHhiX npe.l{Jlo:>KeHHSIX, noclle Hezo
iJoJZ:»cHO 6bzmb ellle 00110 CJZOBO, o6031W'la10Uiee HanpaeJZe-
uue.
110 lfacm& I. Mop¢ollOZUJl

~ltl$"~H~T~o
Ta wang chuangwai kiln le kiln.
0Ha BbirmiHyJia B OKHO.

f1!?JJJ\~ -:JRtJFfltt utN lllJ1X o

Ta zhuaqi yikuai binggan wang zui li fang.
OH no~HRJI neqeHbe 11 noJIO)I(I1JI B poT.

HcnoJiblOBauae JJ
flpeMor 7'l o6o3HaqaeT MpecaTa ~eucTBHR.
ft!?.~**1~T~&$$o
Ta wei dajia zuole hen duo shi.
OH ~JIR scex oqeHb MHOro c~enan.

7'l o6o3HaqaeT np11q11Hy 11JII1 QeJib.

-BJ *~fiB 1¥1 JJX;mt ffiJ !JJF~
0

MuqTn wei ta de chengjiu er jiaoao.

MaTb rop~I1TCR ero ycnexaMH.
1. -};) He MO)I(eT CTORTb B KOHQe npe~JIO)I(eHI1R.

Hpa6U/lo 111.

3aqeM uyx<Ha :na semb?

~ -1'- *It§
R:-=fft ~ ~ 1¥1?
Zhege dongxi shi gan shenme wei de?

~ -1'- *It§ R:-=ftt ~ ffl!¥1?

Zhege dongxi shi gan shenme yong de?

flpe~nor 7~ no CMbiCJIY noxo)l( Ha pyccKHe npe~nor11

«MR», «pMI1». Ho HenpaBHJibHO 6y~eT nepeso~I1Tb <l>Pa3Y
«3TO MR qero?» Ha KI1TaHCKI1H R3biK noCJIOBHO. B Kumau-
CKOM Jl3blKe npeo!lozu ue Mozym cmoRmb e KOHt{e npeo!lo-
nza6a 9. IIpeOJIOZU Ill

:>K:eHUR.. llo::JmOMy npeiJRoz 7'1 CJleoyem nocmarJumb nepeo

mazoJlo.M m.
2. Ope,nJIO)f(Hrul. KOHCTPYKUHH c npe,nnoroM 7-J He MO)f(eT
CTOS!Tb 8 KOHI..{e npe,nJIO)f(eHHSI.

HpaBU/lO 112.

>I pa,nn ,npyra CTOJibKO c,nenan.

fm f~ T ~~~ JfH~ ~ M~ o

Ta zuole hen duo shiqing wei pengyou.

fml~ M ~if~ T ~~ ~ JJt~ o

Ta wei pengyou zuole Mn duo shiqing.

HeJJb3H nocJI08HO nepe8o,nHTb <l>PaJY «OH MHOro c,nenaJI .l{JIH

,npy3CH)) Ha KHTaHCKHH .113biK. flo npa6Wla.M KUmaiiCKOU
cpa.M.MamuKu npeOJIO:>ICHaR. KOHcmpyKI.IUR. (J..J JiB~) OOJI:>IC1W
cmoRmh nepeo z;wzo!lo.M ( f~), 6bzcmynaR 6 pOilu KOcrJennozo
oono;me1lUR.. Ee 1lU 6 KOe.M C/ly'lae 1le.Jlb3Jl cma6umb 6 K01lell
npeollo:>K:eHUR..

HcnoJiblOBanue 7-J 7
flpe,l{JIOr 7'J 7 880,l{HT l..{eJib ,l{CHCT8H.Il.

1. npe,l{JIO)f(Hrul. KOHCTPYKUH.Il c HCllOJ1b308aHHeM 7-J T He Mo-

)f(eT CTO.IITb 8 KOHI..{e npe,l{JIO)f(eHH.Il.

HpaBU/lO 113.

qT06bi XOpOliiO BbJYqHTb KHTaHCKHH, .II qacro e3~

nyrerneCTBOBaTb llO pa3HbiM MeCTaM.

~1it1ititl~:1:1!!:6tm1~ T #*r)(i!o
Wo changchang dao ge di lliy6u weile xuehil.o
hanyu.
112 l.facmb /. MoptjJonozUR

~T~~&*,a~~~~~••o 0
Weile xueMo hanyu, wo changchang dao ge di
10y6u.

HeJib311 nocJIOBHO nepeBO,nHTb 4lpa3y «H MHoro nyrernecTsyw,

'IT06bi xoporno Bbi}"'HTb KHTaHCKHH» Ha KHTaHCKHH 113biK. flo
npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH npeiJJZoz 1>1 T eceziJa
cmoum c cyuJecmBumeJZbHbl.M, o6pa3)1R npeiJJZO;)ICHYIO Koncm-
PYK'l/UIO, o6o3HQtlaiOUJYIO 'l/e!lb iJeucmeUR. TaKa11 KOHCTPYKQH11
iJoJZ;)ICHa cmoRmb e Hattane npeiJJZo;)ICeHUR, a He 6 KOHl/e.

2. flYTaHHQa Me)l(.l{y 1'1 T H M.

HpaBUJlo 114.

EcTb <l>PYKTbi noJie3Ho MH Tsoero 3,nopOBb11.

Jll:Jk:W:~ 71$8'~{M!~~~~o
Chi shuiguo weile ni de jiankang you Mochu.

Jll:J]< :W:X>t 1$ 8<J M'*:ff:!tt ~ o

Chi shuiguo dui ni de jiankang you h~ochu.

flpe.l{Jlor «pa.l{H», «.l{JIR» 'laCTO nepeBO,l{HTC11 Ha KHTaHCKHH

R3hiK c noMOI.QblO Y-J 7. o,nHaKo npH nepeso,ne npe,nJIO)I(eHHR
«eCTb 4lpyKTbl noJie3HO ,l{J111 3.l{Op0Bb11~> Ha KHTaHCKHH 113biK
ero He cne,nyeT nepeso,TJ.HTb, KaK J..J T. B 3TOM npe,nJio)l(eHHH
OO,l{'lepKHBaeTC11 OTHOllleHHe Me)l(.l{y 'laCT11MH ~7](~ H 1fJ\
((~ ~jt, a He QeJib ,neHCTBH11. flo3TOMy 3,l{eCb HMO HCnOJib-
30BaTb npe.l{Jlor M, a He :R 7

J. flYTaHHQa Me)l(,l{y JJ 7 H ~ J.,j.

HpaBu/lo II 5.

nocKOJibKY M011 MaMa nocTapena, oHa ceifqac He ro-

TOBHT e,ny.
Dlaea 9. llpeiJ!lozu 113

!lt~~!b!J.l.1£~1~tlli T, fJ T ~{f::~2.:kT o ~
Wo mama xianzai bu zuo fan le. weile ta nianjl
dale.
~:tJa~~{f::~:kT m~~~1£~•tlli
To 0
YTnwei wo mama nianjl da le, suoyl ta xianzai bu
zuo fan le.

HeJib3R nepe80.l\HTb npe,!\nor «TaK KaK» 8 npe,!\JIO:>KeHHH «OHa

He fOT08HT 60Jibiiie, TaK KaK oqeHb CTapa» C nOMO~biO :fiJ 7
B ,!\aHHOM npe,l\Jlo:>KeHHH 8bipa:>KaeTCR npHqHHHo-cne,l\-
CT8eHHaR C8R3b, H CJie,!\CTBHe 06biqHo RBJIReTCR BTOpOH qa-
CTbiO npe,!\itO:>KeHHR. B KwnauCKQM .R3blKe nooo6HaR C6Jl3b
nepeoaemcR c noMOUfblO Em :fi"J ... , JiJT !». ... , a He :h 7 Ko-
mopbzu nepeoaem 3Ha'leHue l.leJIU. flpu'luHa o6bl'lHO cma-
eumcR e Ha'la!le npeono:JICeHWI..

4. flYTaHHQa Me>K.l\Y JJ T 11 -:J.J.

llpaBUJlO 116.

3TO IIpa3JJ.HHK 8 qeCTb Moero ,!\HJI pO)((JJ.eHHR.

~~fJ TftEJ<J~±. B mB'-Jat~ o

Zhe shi weile WO de shengri gao de wanhui.
~~:tJai¥Jg: s mEJ<Jat~ 0
Zhe shi wei wo de shengri gao de wanhui.

B KUmaUCKO.M .R3blKe -'f.J T nepeoaem noeoo 0/lJl iJeucmeWI.,

a He KOHKpemHblU 06oeKm (ttenb), KomopblU 6600UmCJl C
noMOUiblO J;; B npHBe,!\eHHbiX npe,l\Jlo:>KeHHRX -!It -
06beKT ,!\eHCT8HR if.li, fi03TOMY OHO 880,!\HTCR C nOMOll(biO
-:J.J.
114 l.facmb I. MopcjJoJI02UR

HcnoJIL3ooauue ~
flpe,MOr ~ 0603HaqaeT llOJiyqaTeJUI/a,n,peCaTa ,neiiCT8HSI.

ft!?.lnJ g3t Pd 7 Pd ¥ 0

Ta xiang wo zhao le zhao shou.

On no>Ka.JI MHe pyKy.

fliJ o6o3uaqaeT uanpaBJienHe ,neiicT8HSI.

fm tnJ -m m:t: 0

Ta xiimg nan paoqu.

Ou no6e>Ka.JI ua IOr.

1. flyTaHHQa Me>K,ny fliJ H iU.

llpa6Ull0 117.

<l>yr60JibHbiH MSiq BJieTeJI 8 OKHO ay,nHTOpHH.

)~J3j( ~tl ~~ B"J ii? ~ '!: 0

Zuqiu dao jiaoshi de chuanghu reiqu.

JEJ:J< lnJ ~~ B"J ii? ~ '!: 0

Zuqiu xiangjiaoshi de chuanghu reiqu.

06a npe,Mora tU H fliJ MoryT nepeso,nHTbCSI KaK «8». Ho

6 KumaucKo.M R:JblKe tU o6o3HQllaem «npu6bl6amb 6 KaKOe-mo
.«ecmo», 6 mo 6pe.MR KaK ~ noKa3bl6aem Hanpa6JleHue
oeucm6Wl. B npH8e,neHHbiX npe,MO>KeHHSIX CJie.nyeT HCllOJib-
30BaTb fliJ MSI o6o3uaqeHHSI uanpa8JieHHSI noJieTa MSiqa.

2. fliJ He MO>KeT 8biC'fYOaTb 8 pOJIH CKa3yeMOro.

HpaBUJlO 118.

Moe o6~e)I(HTHe oqeub npocTo uanTH. KaK cou-

.nernb c aBTo6yca, H.D:H K 3,naumo ua yJIHQe, cpa1y
uau.nernb.
flzaea 9. J/peo!lozu 115

a~m~m~~o~~T*~m~•~oo
~-~~To ~
Wo de sushe hen hao zhao. Ni xiale che yihou
xiang Iubian de 16u jiu zhiiodao !e.

aoom*m~~o~~T*~m~•~oo
~~M*·~~T 0
Wo de sushe hen hiio zhao. Ni xiale che ylhou
xiang Iubian de 16u zou guoqu jiu zhaodao !e.

0WH6Ka B npHBe,AeHHOM npeAJIO)KeHHH - HCll0Jib30BaHHe

~ KaK marona H o6pa3oBaHHe nocne,noaaTeJibHOH maronb-
uon KOHCTPYKQHH c maronoM tfG. KaK npeMor ~ ue Mo-
)l{eT BbiCl)'llaTb B pOJIH CKa3yeMOfO. Oo:noMy B -KalJeCTBe
CKa3yeMOfO CJie,nyeT HCllOJib30BaTb maroJI j£ , KOTOpblH
c<}lopMHpyeT nocne,noaaTeJibHYIO maroJibHYIO KOHCTPYKQHIO
c ;J=:fG.

3. He,nocTaTOK ~.

llpa6UJlO 119.

floqeMy 3a 3TO 3a,l{aHHe g llOJIYlJHJI TOJibKO «3»? 06b-

BCHH, llO)KaJIYHCTa.

~<x1'F~ft~1t~JH~"3"?iw~~ftiJiaA o ~
Zheci zuoye wo wei shenme zhi de "3"?Qing ni
shuoming wo.

~(X1'F~a~1t~R1~"D"?ill1$i3il!l3fto 0
Zheci zuoye wo wei shenme zhi de "D"?Qing ni
xiang wo shuoming.

A,npecaT marona iJt.ll)3 He MO)I{eT 6biTb nocTaaneu cpa3y

nocne nero B KaiJecTBe npBMOro ,nononueHHB. A,npecaT B
,naHHOM cnyqae 6y,neT o<}lopMneu c noMOII.(biO npeMora ~
116 tfacm& I. Mopf/JOli02UJI

H BbiC'ryllHT B pOJJH KOCBeHHOro ~OllOJJHeHIHI, CTaBSII.l.\eroC$1

nepe~ maronoM. fnaroJJbi, o6JJMaromne cxo~HbiMH xapaK-
repHCTHKaMH, BKmoqaroT M*", iiE~ n ii£a)3. Ho ~JJj[ He-
KoropbiX maronos, HanpHMep IUJ H ~iff. cymecTBHTeJib-
Hoe, o6o3Haqaromee ~pecaTa, MOX<eT H~TH cpaJy nocne
marona s KaqecTse npxMoro ~onoJJHeHH$1, s TaKoM cnyqae He
HYX<HO «<JopMHposaTb npe~JJOX<HYIO KOHCTPYKQHIO « rfiJ +
+ cymecTBHTeJJbHOe».

cnpOCHTb y Hero CKa3aTb MHe

rtJ ftf!. fcij [g) rtlft~iff [g)

xiang ta wen xiang wo gaosu

lllJ ftB 0 ~iffft 0

wen ta gaosu wo

06b$1CHHTb eMy

M~ftf!.
jieshi ta

rtlftf!.M~ 0
xiang tajieshi

HcnoJiblOBauue tE
IlpeMor tE o6oJHaqaeT Mecro, r~e nponcxo~HT ~eikTsne.

ft{E~1-~~w;7*i:F7
Wo zai zhege xuexiao dille ban nian !e.
R yqnJJCj[ s 3TOM HHCTHTyTe nonro~a.
:(:E 0603HaqaeT BpeM$1, KOr~a npOHCXO~HT ~eikTBHe.

ft~:tE~fF:lf**~~;X B'~ o
Wo shi zai jTnnian chiintian lai Beijing de.
R npHexan s IleKHH secHOM 3Toro ro~a.
T!laea 9. TlpeOJIOZU 117

1. 00CJie tf He MO)I(eT CTOUb 06bilJHOe CYli.leCTBHTeJibHOe.

llpaBu/lo 120.

Mox co6aKa mo6HT cTOXTb px~oM c ~sepbiO.

fit B<J ~tu w)(}( n

:tE )$!f 0
Wo de gou xihuan zai men zhanzhe.

w
fit B<J ~ )(xlt~: n:iil t451f 0

Wo de gou xihuan zai menbian zhanzhe.

B pyccKOM X3biKe ~mr o6o3HatJeHHX MeCTonoJio)l(eHHSI qacTo

wcnOJib3yeTcx KOHCTPYKQHX «npe~nor (Ha, a, pR~oM, oKoJio,
3a H T. ~) + cyli.leCTBHTeJibHOe». HanpHMep, «Ha crone». Ho e
KumaucKoM OJIJl o6o3HalleHUR MecmonoJlo:HCeHUR ecJlu nocJle
npeolloza tE CJleoyem o6bzKHoeeuuoe CYUJecmeume.JlbHOe,

npa61leHUR, maKOe KaK lf!, _t, WlU r *·

mo nocJle uezo OOJIJICHO cmoRmb Mecmo co 3HalleuueM ua-

Ha KpOBaTH pX~OM C MalliHHOH

tf:'*J:. tE~$)!1
zai chuang shang zai qiche pang

2. OocJie npeMO)I(HOH KOHCTpyKQHH BH~a «-ff + reorpaQJH'Ie-

CKOe Ha3BaHHe» He MO)I(eT CJie~OBaTb CJIOBO CO 3HatJeHHeM
HanpaBJieHHR.

llpa6u/lo 121.

B ITeKHHe OtieHb MHoro TaKCH, KOTopbre Ha3biBaiOT

"Tiff B{] "
tr: ~~~~em., 1f i't $ *fftn41i'N" oo 1¥1, 1¥1 l:l.HR ~
$o ~
Z~i Beijing li, you xuduo bei jiao zuo "mian df'de
chilzu qiche.
118 lfacmb I. MopcjJoJIOZUR

Itt~ t ~5{1, if ilf ~ fEllll.j 1$:"liD I¥J" I¥J tlHll1\ $ 0 0

Zai Beijing, you xiiduo bei jilio zuo "mian df'de
chuzu qiche.

B npHse.n;eHHbiX npeAJioiKeHH.liX ~t:Ji( s npeAJIOiKHOH KOH-

c-rpyK~HH {f~tg - 3TO reorpa$H'IeCKOe HaJBaHHe, OHO
0603HaqaeT MeCTOHaxO)I(,ll;eHHe. Oo npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH
rpaMMaTHKH TaKOH BH,ll; OpeAJIOiKHbiX KOHCTpyK~HH He Tpe-
6yeT nocJie ce6.11 cJiosa co 3Ha'leHHeM HanpasJieHH.ll.

3. I13JIHIIIH.ll.ll OOCTaHOBKa ff,

HpaBUJIO 122.

5J: iKHBY B KpaCHBOM ropo,n;e.

!It tttE 1¥1 ±t!r1J ~ -1-~ sB 1¥1 ~-m o

Wo zhllzai de difang shi yi ge meili de chengshi.

!lttti¥J±t!!:tf~-t-~SB 1¥J~m o

Wo zhu de difang shi yi ge meili de chengshi.

!lttttE-1-~SB 1¥J~m o
Wo zhuzai yi ge meili de chengshi.

JTO npeAJIOiKeHHe HenpaBHJibHO H3-3a HCOOJib30BaHH.ll CO'Ie-

TaHH.ll 1± + tE s Ka'lecTBe maroJia s poJIH onpe.n;eJieHH.ll K
cJiosy :l:t!!:1J. B npHse.n;eHHOM npeAJIOiKeHHH :ft .liBJI.lleTc.ll He
maroJioM, a npe.n;JioroM. B KHTaHCKOM .ll3biKe coqeTaHHe
«rJiai'OJI + B<J» MOiKeT Henocpe,n;CTBeHHO BbiCTyOaTb B pOJIH
onpe.n;eJieHH.ll K cyll.{eCTBHTeJibHoMy. Mbi MOiKeM HcnpasHTb
OIIIH6Ky B npe,li;JIOiKeHHH, onycTHB CJIOBO :i:t!!:1J H HCOOJib3Y.ll
fr + -1'-~SBB<.J~r!J KaK ,li;OOOJIHeHHe K {±.

4. Ope,n;JIOiKHa.ll KOHCTPYK~H.ll c :ft ue MOiKeT cJie,n;osaTb Ja

,li;OOOJIHHTeJibHbiM 'IJieHOM pe3yJibTaTa.
Dlaaa 9. llpeOJlozu 119

Hpa6UJlO 123.

R 3acuyn s ay;:urropuu.

~!It~:(£~~_!!. 0

Wo shuizhao zai jiaoshi li.

!lt11£ ~~.m.lot~ 7
Wo zai jiaoshi li shuizhao le.

HeJib3H nepeBO)J.HTb <I>Pa3Y «» 3acHyJI s KJiacce» Ha KHTail-

CKHH nocJIOBHO. B HenpaBHJibHOM npe)J.JIO:>KeHHH cJioso ~ H
npe)J.JIO:>KHaH KOHCTpyKQHH tE ~ ~ !1:1 BbiCrynaiOT KaK )J.O-
llOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH pe3yJibTaTa maroJia IW. Ho no npaau-
Jla.M KumaucKou zpa.MMamuKu nocJle z;wzolla MO:JICem clleoo-
aamb mOJlbKO OOUH oonOJIHumeJlbHbtU 'llleH pe3yllbmama.
J!03moMy npeOJIO:JICHYIO KOHcmpyKl{UIO tE~~ID_ CReiJyem
nocmaaumb nepeo z;zazollOM lW KaK o6cmoRmeJibcmao.

HcnoJib3ooauue X1
Ope)J.JIOr m BBO)J.IfT a)J.pecaTa )J.eHCTBHH.
ftBX>ti!tiJtii 1~ 0

Tii dui wo shuoguo ni.

OH MHe o Te6e rosopHJI.

1. Ope)J.JIO:>KHaH KOHCTPYKQHH c m He MO:>KeT CTOHTb nocJie

maBHOrD CJIOBa.

Hpa6u/lo 124.

3TO H eCTb MOe MHeHHe 06 3TOM <flHJibMe.

)3J9t~~ I¥Jif1!x>f~ $ rl!~ o

Zhe jiu shi wo de kan:ta dui zhe bu dianying.

~mt~jjtX>j"~$Jt!~I¥Ji[$'!o
Zhe jiu shi wo dui zhe bu dianying de kan:ta.
120 lfacmb I. MoppoliOZUR

HeJib3SI OOCJIOBHO nepeBO)l.HTb 4Jpa3y «3TO MOe MHeHHe no

OOBO.li.Y tlJHJibMa>> Ha KHTaHCKHA S13biK. Jlo npaBWUlM T<umau-
CT<OU 2paMMamUT<U npeOJZOJICHaR T<OHCmpyKI/UR C ~ MOJICem
6blmb UCnOllb308aHa mOllbT<O T<aT< T<OC8eHHOe OOnOJlHeHUe.
Jlo3moMy ezo c;zeoyem cmaeumb nepeo z;zaeHbl.M c;zoeOM
(;g ).
~ 3TO npaBHJIO KacaeTCSI BCeX npe,nJIOiKHbiX KOHCT-
pyKQHH.

2. H3JIHIIIHRR noCTaHOBKa ~.

OpaBU/lO 125,

CeH11ac MHe oqeHb HpaBHTCR y'IHTh KHTaHcKHH.

:a:
f.W. !lt~~¥R i-B-~tt J: x!A o
Xianzai WO dui xue hanyii h!n xlhuan.

f.W.1£!1t~&J:xx~¥RiB'o
Xianzai WO h~n xlhuan xue hanyii.

KaT< 2llazo;z co 3Ha<~eHUe.M. yMcmeeHHblX oeucmeuu, :g 'J.!Ii.

MOiKeT npHHHMaTb ,nonOJIHeHHe, TaKOe KaK ~~ iit B npH-
Be,neHHbiX npe.D.JIOiKeHHRX. B TaKOM cnyqae ,nJIR sse,neHHR
o6beKTa .neAcTBHR He Tpe6yeTcR nocTaHosKa npe.nnora ~.

3. OyTaHHQa MeiK_nY ~ H ~ .•• *i$i.

Opa6U/lO 126.

lJ.TO KacaeTCR o6e3bRH, .LI)IR HHX XJie6 ---.. O'leHh

BKYCHbiH.

[Hj'§.~~T~ltM-~o
Mianbao dul h6uzi h!n Mo chi.

~~-TI~HJ?.I. 00-e!~~ttM-r~ZEJ<J o
Dui h6uzi lcii shuo, mianbao shi hen hao chi de.
Flw6a 9. llpeOJIOZU 121

B npeAJIO>KeHIUI Bh!piDKaeTC" MHeHne o6e3h"Hhi o XJie6e.

noJih3yeTcg npe.nnor ~... *-m,

1IT06hl Bblpa3MTb "'be-TO MHeHMe, B KHTaiicKOM gJbiKe HC-
KOTOph!H o6wmo cmoum 6
nep6ou 'tlacmu npeo;wxeHUR, 6 mo 6pewt KaK 60 6mopou
o6bZ"lHO cmoum KOHcmpyKlJUR ~ ... a<J, o6o3Ha"laiOUJaJI He-
nocpeocm6eHHO COOepXaHUe "lbeZO-mO MHeHUR.

-~ 1tf*lll.~ ~GJJ( IllS R BIJ :iC 1t Jlbl'! Jl. fl ~~I

Dui h1y6uzh! laishuo, b!ijing youjiu de wenhm\ shi zui
juyou xiylnli de.
ECJIM rosopMTh 0 nYTeWeCTBYIOll.{HX, TO ,nng HMX MHOfO·
BeKOBaJI KYJihTYpa neKMHa MMeeT orpoMHYIO npnn~ra­
TeJibHYIO CMJiy.

HcnoJiblOBanue ~... JIHJi

~... *-m Bhl,neJigeT o6na,naTeJig MHeHng HJIH cy>K,neHMJI.

x>t!lt7lHJt ft!?.~:li:M 1¥3 A o

Dui wo lai shuo, ta shi zul hao de ren .
.ll:ng MeHg OH - caMbiH JIY"'WMH "'eJIOBeK.

Upa6UllO 127.

qro .no Hac, aMepHKa.HUeB, nucaTb uepornu4Jbi HaM

O'leHb CJIO)KHO.

X>f&~*iJi, fJt11'J~~Aff!:xlo !g)

Dul Hanzi lai shuo, women M!igu6ren hen nan.

~am~ooA*~J~&~~m•~¥JQ 0
Dui women M!igu6ren lai shuo, xi! Hanzi shi hen
nan de.

'1¥ ¥X 5f:IM!tt11'J ~ ~ A~HO#JJ! ttvt 1¥1 o 0

Xie hanzi dui women Meigu6ren llii shuo shi hen
nan de.
122 rJacmb I. Moppo1102UR

M... jfEi_~ o6o3HaqaeT «CMOTpeTb c T01.JKH 3peHHH». npe)l(-

)J.e qeM ncnoJib3o8aTb :ny MO)J.eJib, HMO y)J.oCT08epHThCH, 1.JTO
nocne npe)J.Jiora X1 CTOHT npasHJihHoe )J.Ononueune. B
npH8e)J.eHHOM npe)J.JIO)l(eHHH npa8HJibHO «C T01.JKH 3peHHSI
aMepHKaHQe8», a He «C T01.JKH 3peHHSI KHTaHCKHX HepomH-
<l>o8». no3TOMY CJIQ6HOe C!l060 6 KOHCmpyKlfUU ){ij *
1#. - o6bl'mo cyUJecmeume.nbHOe WlU MecmoUMeHue, o6o-
3Ha'tla10UJee :J/Cueoe C)'Uiecmeo, !l100eu.

HcnoJJL30Bauue X1T-
Hpe)J.Jior X1 T 8BO)J.HT )J.ononHeHHe uanpaBJieHHOCTH )J.eHCTBHH.

~¥J.. i-H x-tr

:JJt4-fr5 I¥J I 11:fffjf ~ o
Xue hanyu duiyu wo jrnhou de gongzuo you hiiochil.
1-'byqeuHe KHTaifcKoro H3hiKa 6y)J.eT none3Ho MHe 8 6y-
)J.yi.Qeif pa6oTe.

Ilyrauu._a Me~y X1-F u :::X:+.

llpa6UJIO 128.

Ceuqac » ueMuoro cKIDKY o cHTyaQHH 8 KHTae.

J.W.fl: :fit*1#.-i.#.x-1-T 9=I ~ 1¥J ~HN

Xianzai wo l<ii shuo yi shuo duiyu Zhonggu6 de
o

shiqing.

J.W.fl: :fit* i.#.- i.#.~r 9=I 00 1¥J *tN

Xianzai wo hii shuo yi shuo guanyu Zhonggu6 de
o·

shiqing.

Pa3HHQa Me)l()J.y npe)J.JioraMH X>t-T H *-f- 3aKJII01.JaeTCH 8

Mr
TOM, 1.JTO
mo 6pe.MR KaK * o603HaqaeT, Ha 1.JTO Hanpa6!leHO oeucm6ue, 6
T- o6o3Ha"laem, KaKOu npeoMem 3ampoHym
6 pa3zoeope. B npH8e)J.eHHbiX npe)J.Jio)l(eHHHX ro8op»I.QHM ua-
MepeBaeTCH )J.aTb KOMMeHTapHM no OOBO)J.y rp(Ef'fJ$fl'f (cmya-
QHH 8 KHTae), no3TOMY cne)J.yeT HcnoJIJ;.30BaTh npe)J.Jior :A:T.
rJiaBa COI03hl
10 aiPl

Onpe~eJieuue

COI03bi - 3TO cJiosa, cnoco6Hbie coe,D.I1H.I!Tb ,D.Ba CJIOBa,

CJIOBOCOlJeTaHI1.11 11JII1 npe,li.JIO)I(eHI1.11, Bblpa)l(a.!! rpaMMaTI1-
lJeCKYIO CB.II3b Me)l(,ll.y HI1MI1.

rpaMMaTuqecKHC XapaKTepHCTHKH

1. Coi03bi He MoryT Y.li.Bai1BaThC.II.

2. Col03bl He MoryT caMI1 .IIBJI.IITbC.II KpaTKI1MI1 OTBeTaMI1 Ha

sonpocbi.

3. Col03bi - scero JII1IIIb coe,D.I1HI1TeJihHhie cJiosa. Bblpa)l(a10-

ml1e pa3JI11lJHble rpaMMaTI1lJeCKI1e OTHOIIIeHI1.11, OHI1 HI1KOr,D.a
He .IIBJI.IIIOTC.II rpaMMaTI1lJeCKI1MI1 MO,D.11cp11KaTOpaMI1.

1. Col03bi 11cnoJib3YIOTC.II ,li.JI.II coe,D.I1HeHI1.11 CJIOB, cJiosocoqe-

TaHI1ii 11 npe,D.JIO)I(eHI1H B onpe,D.eJieHHble rpaMMaTI1lfeCKI1e
KOHCTPYKQI111.

1) Coe,D.I1H.IIeT ,D.Ba cymecTBI1TeJibHhiX:

1:.;&~~-T~JI!tT
Shangyi he kuzi dou zaog Ie.
H KYPTKa, 11 6piOKn - see rp.113Hoe.
124 rJacmb I. MoptjJonozwt

2) Coe,ll.HmieT ,ll.Ba cnosocoqeTaHH.SI:

!It tr 14~ :BJ(j:e)(; ~ltr Jr.~ :Bj( 0

Wo d! paiqiu huozM d! pingpangqiu.

R urpruo s soneif6on HJIH s nuHr-noHr.

3) Coe,ll.HH.SieT .D.Ba npe,ll.Jio:>KeHH.SI:

~~~l!!t•~~~x~.lm~I*~OO~&*o
Yinwei wo xlhuan Zhonggu6 wenhua, suoyi lai Zhong-
gu6 xue hanyil.
IlocKOJibK)' MHe HprumTcJI KHTaiicKM KYJII>TYPa. .11 npu-
exan s KnTaif y'IHTb KHTaHCKHH .SI3biK.

2. Col03bl He MOfYT BblcTYnaTh s KaqecTse 'IJieHos npe,ll.no-

:>KeHH.SI.

Ha •ITO CTOHT oopaTHTb BHHMaHUe

DpH HCD0Jib30B3HHH C01030B

HcnoJI&lOBauue ~
Col03 *no6bl<iHO ucnonhJyeTc.SI J.VI.SI coe,ll.HHeHH.SI cyll.{ecT-
BHTeJihHb!X, MCCTOHMeHHH li HMeHHb!X CJIOBOCO<ieTaHHH, a
TaK:>Ke maronos, npunaraTeJihHhiX u rnaronbHhiX cnosoco-
<ieTaHnif.

Coe,ll.HH.SieT MCCTOHMCHH.SI:
1$*0!\t
ni he wo
Thl li .S1

Coe,ll.HH.SieT cymecTBHTeJibHhie:
R.±*o § !±!
mfnzhU he ziy6u
,ll.eMoKpaTH.SI u cso6o.D.a
TRaea 10. Co103bl 125

Coe,nHHReT rnaronbi:

Ml¥ *o iJt 193

jieshi he shuoming
06bRCHRTb li HnniOCTpiipOBaTb

Coe,nHHReT npHnaraTenbHbie:

Jt~IY3*0~~
congming he jiankang
YMHbiH li 3,li.Op0Bb!H
06blqHo ~~ He liCOOnb3yeTCR MR COe,lJ.HHeHHR qacTeH
cnoxmoro npe.n.no)KeHHR.
Kor.n.a ;fll Hcnonb3yeTcR MR coe.n.HHeHHR Tpex 11 6onee
enos, OH cTaBHTCR o6biqHo nepe.n. nocne.n.HHM 113 HHX.

=*J::.ff-t5, m~~$7Jc
Zhuo shang you shu gangbl he moshul.
Ha crone ecTb KHHm, pyqKJi 11 qepHHna.

1. OpHnaraTenbHbie, coe,lJ.HHeHHble c noMo~bto ;fll, He MOryT

liCOOnb30BaTbCR KaK CKa3yeMbie.

llpa6wro 129.

MoR KOIIIKa u THXaSI, H cnoKOHHaJI.

!It 1¥1 ~tn¥l~*o ~fft o

Wo de mao piaoliang he anjlng.

!It 1¥1 ~O'i 3l. ¥1 ~ 3l. ~ fft 0

Wo de mao you pi!\oliang you anjing.

Henb3R nepeso,nHTb «H» s npe.n.no)KeHHH «MOR KOIIIKa MHnaR

11 cnoKoHHaR» KaK ;fU. B npHse.n.eHHbiX npe,nno)KeHHRx ,nsa
npHnaraTenbHbiX ¥J~ li :t(ifp RBnRtoTCR CKa3yeMb!Mii. Oo
npaBHnaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKii 06G npwrazameJlbHb/X 6
pOilU CKa:tye.MblX He .M02)lm coeOUH.JlmbCJI C naMOUlbiO C0103G ;frJ.
126 tfacmb /. Mop<ftonoZUR

B OQH110M Cllyttae OJIR coeoUHeHWl npWla2ameJlbHblX C!leOyem

ucno!lb3oeamb X... Y....

2. *'"' He MO:>KeT COe,!VIHHTb qacnl CJIO:>KHOro npe,nJIO:>KeHHH.

llpa6UJlO 130.

Mne oqenb npa8HTCH lleKHH, a MoeMy ,npyry -

lllanxaii.

!lt~l!~x.X~tg*O!ItMf§.~l!~x.X.L~o
Wo hen xihuan Beijing he wo pengyou hen xihuan
Shanghai.

!lt~l!%x.X~tg, !ltMf§.~l!~x_x__t~ o
Wo hen xihuan Beijing, wo pengyou hen xihuan
Shanghai.

HeJib3H nepe8o,nHTb «a» 8 npe,nJIO:>KeHHH «MHe Hpa8HTCH

lleKHH, a MOeMy ,npyry- illaHxaih> C OOMOI..l.{blO B pyc-*'"'·
CKOM «a» coe,nHHHeT qacTH CJIO:>KHOro npe,nJIO:>KeHHH, a KU-
maUCKOe .fU He MO:J/Cem Bblcmynamb e maKou po!lu. l.fmo6bl
coeOuHumb Oee ttacmu CJIO:J/CH020 npeOJIO:J/CeHWl, oocma-
mO'IHO nocma«Umb Me:J/COy HUMU 3anRmy10.

3. .fU He MO:>KeT COe,nHHHTb maroJibHbie CJI080COqeTaHHH 8

npe.nno:>KeHHH, r.ne maroJibi o603HaqaiOT nocJie,no8aTeJibHbie
,neiicT811H.

llpa6UllO 131.

5I npocbmaiOcb Ka:>K,nbiH ,nenb B 7 yTpa H cpa3y 8CTaiO.

Meitian zaochen qi dian, wo xinglai he qi chuang.

Dlaea 10. Col03bl 127

tJx¥~-t-~. ft-M*mt~'*T 0 0
Meitian zaochen qT dian, w6 yi xlnglai jiu qi
chuang le.

HeJib3.11 nocnosHo nepeBO.IU1Tb $pa3y «.II npocHyJic.ll 11 BCTaJI»

Ha Kl-naiicKI-Iif. 3ro npeMOiKeHHe c nocne.n:osaTeJibHbiMH
.n:eiicTBH.IIMH, 11 C0/03 ;fll He MOJICem coeOUHRmb ux. B oaH-
HOM Clly'-lae MOJICHO ucnOllb306amb Jlu6o - )jyt !lu6o
COeOUHumb 2fla20flbl 6 nOC!le006ameJibHY10 KOHCmpyKl{UIO 6e3
npeo1lo2a.

Jl BblllleJI Ha ynmzy KynHTb OBOI.QeH.

i!t...t m~o ~~ 0

Wo shangjie he mai cai.

fJt...t~!J~~o
Wo shangjie mai cai.

4. MecTo ,fll, Kor.n:a OH coe.n:HH.IIeT 6onee Tpex enos.

HpaBUJlo 132.

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nana H CTapWHH 6paT.

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kan wo Ie .

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!ItT 0
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kan wo le.
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llpa6UJZO 133.

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{fj\:g){)\rJZ 12]} ,, ~E)G~ '*~?

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llpa6UllO 134.

J1 He 3HaJI, "'TO Tbl KHTaeu, 11 .1\YMaJI, Tbl HOOHeU HJIH

Kopeeu.

~~~m~j!~OOA,~~~~j!B*A
~j!~OOAo [gj
W o bu zhidao ni shi Zhonggu6ren, wo yiwei ni shi
Ribenren haishi Hangu6ren.

~~~m~j!~OOA,~~~~j!B*A
EJG~~OOAo 0
Wo bu zhidao ni shi Zhonggu6ren, wo yiwei ni shi
Ribenren huozhe Hangu6ren.

5-11514
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/Gtf[lYJII~flUt, {13~fjt~~.
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~tf[lYJII~f!Ut, {13~fjt~~.
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llpa6UJIO 13 6.

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Bulun tianqi leng, wo dou yao ehiiqu wan.
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He BIDKHO, nofu:J,ellih Thl unu HeT, R see paBHO nofu:J,y.

1$£~~/F£, fJtW£o
Ni qu haishi bU qU, wo dou qu.

xiti$£~~/F£, !!tW£o
Wulun ni qu haishi bu qu, wo dou qu.
5*
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TaHCKHH R3hiK.

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i3ttt:ii.l:T~OOAB<J%,~11!~:.B&mo 0
Wo zhujinle Zh6nggu6ren de jia, yibian xuexi
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llpa6ullo 140.

(A) qTO 3TO 3a ra3eTa?

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Na shi yi zhang shenme baozhi na?

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Na shi yi zhang shenme baozhi ne?

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cKopee!

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llpa6UJIO 142.

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llpa6UJIO 143.

5I eme He Y*HHan.

!lt~&1fUZ~t&T
Wo hai meiyou chi wanf'an le.

!lt~&1fnz~tfPMo
Wo hai meiyou chiwanfan ne.
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llpa6UJlo 145.

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xin Ie.

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I~!I!II¥J*IffiWmiT 0

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W 6 he tamen lia de guanxi henhao.

Y HaC C HHMH O'leHb XOpOI.UHe OTHOI.UeHHR.
146 lJacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

14. YcTOH'IHBhie cnooocolJeTaHH.II.

Xinggao-cailie de Mizimen bian shuo bian chang.

Pa,nocTHhie ,AeTH 11 neJIH, 11 pa:nuoapHBaJIH.

Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe

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1. Onpe.D.eJieHHe ue MOX<eT CTO.IITh nocne rnaouoro cnooa.

llpa6Ullo 151.

3TO KyUJieHHhiH MHOH B'lepa CJIOBaph.

~~~Aftat~~l'fl o
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~~~!\tat~~ ffl ~Ala

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B'lepa)), HO HenpilBHJibHO llOCJIOBHO nepeBO,AliTb 31)' ljlpa:Jy
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rJiaBHOMy CJIOBY iii) :!11!- If )J.OJIX<Ha CTO.IITb nepe,A iii) :!11!-.

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!It~ T -::tts:~fr~Hrp ~Jt1to

Wo kan le yi ben shiijieshao zhongguo wenhua.

ft~T-::tts:brtHrpOOJtft!ti:B]o
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DwBa 1. lJReHbl npeoRoJ/CeHUJL 147

Ilpa6UJlO 152.

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amTM-~M~~~~~A~~m. ~
Wo x.iang liaojie yfxia qfngkuang guanyu Zhong-
gu6ren de shenghu6.

amTM-~~~~~A~~mm~. 0
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shenghu6 qfngkuang.

no-pyccKH Mhl MO)({eM CKa3aTb ((j( xoqy Y3HaTh 0 )({H3HH KH-

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Ilpa6UJlO 153.

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ft Br2t&tU T 1~~{tf !AM "k ffJ.
W 6 yijing shOudaole hen duo xin c6ng pengy-
oumen.

ftB~~t&iUT1~~~M~~ftfl.
Wo yijing shoudaole hen duo pengyou de xin.

Oo-pyCCKH MO)({HO CKa3ai'h «.II llOJiyqHJI MHOfO llHCeM OT )J.py-

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M l;i: BhtcrynaeT B p01m onpe,ll,e11emu1 K ,nono11Hemno ftf.

llo npaBWlaM KumaucKou zpaMMamuKu, Kozoa cyUJecmeu-
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/Ipaaww 154.

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4. f~l¥1!\tB<J~rtrB&~t~~ B<J/f'-~ 0

Qihou de wo de chengshi gen Beijing de bit yiyang.

lilt 1¥1 ~-m 1¥14. fw~~&~t:Jit 1¥1 /f'- ~ 0

Wo de chengshi de qihOu gen Beijing de bit yiyang.

B np11Be,ll,eHHhiX npe,n1IO)I(eHI1.11X ~fiji; - no,n11e)l(a~ee, a

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/Ipa6UJlO 155.

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*~OO~§.~B~T~OOOOm$~ft~
J2£o
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!It I¥J fllJ 1¥. ~ -1'-1lttlf A o

W6 de t6ngwii shi yi ge hen hiio ren.

!It 1¥1 fllJ 1¥.~ -1'-I1~M i¥JIA o

Wo de t6ngwii shi yi ge hen hao de ren.

B npHBe,neHHbiX npe.nno)l(eHHRX ~ltttf - cnosocolfeTaHHe,

BbiC'I)'naiOmee B ponH npHnaraTeJibHOro, RBJIReTCR onpe.ne-
neHHeM. Kor.na TaKoe cnosocolfeTaHHe RBnReTCR onpe.nene-
HHeM, lfaCTHQa i¥J ,nOJI)l(Ha CTORTb Me~ HHM H rJiaBHbiM
CJIOBOM, KpOMe CJIYlfaR, KOr,na B pOJtH TaKHX COlfeTaHHH Bbi-
Cl)'llaiOT ~lt ~ H :IF d>. Mo.nenh o6pa3ol3aHHR TaKoro onpe-
.neneHHR: CJlOBOCO'lemaHue, Bbzcmyna10U{ee e pollu npwta2a-
meilbH020 + i¥J + 2JlG6HOe CJl060.

CpaBHnTe.'lbHO nerKHH sonpoc.

~t*X ?G: JJ) fPJ ~

bijiao r6ngyi wenti
~t $X ?G: JJ) I¥J fci] ~
bijiao r6ngyi de wentf
154 fJacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

u,eHa 3a noJIKIDIO 516JioK

- JT 1V= !J!Hfl~
yi jin pingguo jia xian

- JT :3V= !JIHI{] ffl~

yi jin pingguo de jiaqian

IIpa6UllO 161.

TaKue <l>PYKThi oiJeHh BKYCHhie.

J!*f 71< !JIHit~fllZ o

Zheyang shuiguo hen hao chi.

IJ!*f 1¥1171< 51H!iM llZ 0

Zheyang de shuiguo hen hao chi.

B npuse.neHHhiX npe.L(JIO)I(eHHSIX .nsycJIO)I(HOe yKaJaTeJibHoe

MecrouMeHue :iliJ¥: BhiCTJnaeT B ponu onpe.neneHHSI, no:no-
My OHO ,L(OJI)I(HO 6hiTh O<j>OpMneHO Ha I¥J H nOCTaBJieHO nepe,LI
rnaBHhiM cnoBOM 7)(~. Mo.nenh o6pa30BaHH51 TaKoro onpe-
.neneHHS~: )'Ka3amenbHOe .MecmowweHue + 1¥1 + 2/lGBHOe CflOBO.
06panne BHHManue: ecnu yKaJaTeJihHoe MecrouMeHue
O,L(HOCJIO)I(HO H Bblpa)l(aeT OrpaHH1JeHUe ( CJ)I(eHHe) CMhiCJia
rnaBHOro CJIOBa, IJaCTHU,a I¥J Me)I(.L(y HUM H rJiaBHbiM CJIOBOM
MO)I(eT 6biTb ony~eHa, HanpHMep :il;::lC, JJ~IJ1f~ H T, .L\.

TaKa51 o6CTaHOBKa TaKaS~ noro,na

J!*ft~m. ~ JJ~*f~~ ~
zheyang qingkuang nayang tianqi
..
J! ff 1¥3 ·t~ m. 0 JJ~*fl¥3~~ 0
zheyang de qingkuang nayang de tianqi

IIpa6UllO 162.
Ha MaJieHhKHX .nepesu,ax J)l(e BhiJie3JIH 3eneHbie nuc-
TOIJKH.
T.:1aea I. l.£~eHbl npeOJIO;HCeHUR 155

1J\;WB~-ffili Tr~~nt-=fo
Xiiio shu yijing zhangchule liilil yezi.

1j\;fkt B~£-ffili Tl~~l¥llnt-=f o

Xiao shu yijing zhiingchule lUlU de yezi.

1j\;fJ,I B~-ff ili T ~nt-=f o

Xiao shu yijing zhiingchule Iii yezi.

B npwse.n:eHHhiX npe.n:no:>KeHHRX ~ RBJIReTCR npwnaraTeJih-

HhiM. Kor.n:a y.n:soeHHaR cpopMa npwnaraTeJihHOro (~~)
HCOOJih3yeTCJl B KaqeCTBe onpe,lleJieHHJl, qaCTHQa f¥J 06Jl3a-
TeJihHO ,llOJI:>KHa CTOJlTh Me:>K,lly HHM H rJiaBHhiM CJIOBOM
cnt ).
~ Mo.n:eJib o6pa30BaHHJl TaKoro onpe.n:eneHHJl: yoeoeH-
HaJl rjJopMa npwwc.ameJlbHOc.o + 1¥J + maeHoe CJloeo.

KpaCHBbiH pe6eHOK Kpacuoe H6noKo

·~-~~~~-=[
i~1~%%j{.( ~ trti3V-* ~
piaopiitOlifmglillng haizi hong hong pingguo
~ ·~ ~ ~
71'¥m~%' ~ -=f
1¥1 ff<
piaopiaoliangliang de hai
0 ~I tr 1¥! 3V- *
honghongde pinggu6
0

06paTHTe BHHM8HHe: OOCTaHOBKa f¥J Me:>K,lly O,llHOCJIO:>K-

HbiM npwnaraTeJibHbiM w cymecTBHTeJihHhiM ueo6H3aTeJibHa,
HanpwMep ~nt~.

8. I13JIHIIIHHJl OOCTaHOBKa qaCTHQbl I¥J.

llpaBUJlO 163.

Thi ue so3pa:>Kaeiiib, ecnu H noKypiO?

1$1r~ fJt 1¥1 1m 1m~?

Ni jieyi wo de chou yiin rna?
156 lfacmo II. CuHmaKcuc

{$frgft1ffii00~?
Nijieyi wo chou yan rna?
Henh3R nocnoBHO nepeBO~HTh Ha KHTaiicKHH R3hiK npeMo-
:>KeHwe «Thi He B03pa:>Kaelllh, ecnw R noKypro?». B npwse-
~eHHhiX npeMo:>KeHHRX -lit - noMe:>Kamee, 11frJW - cKa-
. 3yeMOe. l..J:aCTHQa i¥J He MO:>KeT CTORTh Me~y nO~Jie:>KamHM
H CKaJyeMhiM. Mano TOro, qaCTHQa i¥J B npHHQHne He MQ-
:>KeT CTORTh nepe~ rnaroJIOM.

Pa30ell 2
06CTOHTCJihCTB3 • tf\i-B-
Onpe,LJ;eJieuue

06CTORTeJibCTBO- 3TO CJIOBO HJIH CJIOBOCOqeTaHHe, XapaK-

TepH3yiOmee CKaJyeMOe. CJIOBO, K KOTOpOMY OTHOCHTCR o6-
CTORTeJihCTBO, Ha3hiBaeTCR rnaBHhiM CJIOBOM. 06CTORTeJihCTBO
XapaKTepH3yeT rnaBHOe CJIOBO C TOqKH 3peHHR BpeMeHH, MeCTa,
MaCliiTa6oB, QeJIH, npHqHHhl, COCTORHHR H CTeneHH.

llopH,LI;OK CJIOB B npe,LJ;JIO~CHHH

flpH nORBJieHHH 06CTORTeJihCTBa nopR~OK CJIOB B npe~JIO­

:>KeHHH CJie~yiOmHH: o6CTORTeJihCTBO + rJiaBHOe CJIOBO (CKa-
3yeMOe).

CJiooa HJIH CJIOBoco-.eTanuH,

KOTOphle MOryT BhiC1)'D3Th
B pOJIH o6CTOHTCJihCTB

1. HapeqwJl.

ftBi]•tto
Tahenmang.
OH oqeHh 3aHRT.
DwBa 1. lf.neHbl npeo!lo:»CeHUR 157

2. npe)J,J10)1(Hble KOHCTPYKU:HH.

~~:tE~~~~~ 33 tx i~ o
Wo zai B~ijing xuexi hanyu .
.5I yqy KHTaMCKHU B ileKHHe.

3. Mo.Lia.TihHbie rnaronbi.

~~'t:~IEo
Wo yao qu Zhonggu6.
MHe Ha,L\O exaTb B KHTali.

4. Cyll{eCTBHTeJibHbie.

1ml~~~*~o
Ta mingnian biye.
OH 3aKaHqHoaeT B cne,L\yiOU{eM ro,Liy.

5. rnaroJibl.

1mll$ji]J&iJt: ":a/F~ 0

Ta chengzan de shuo: "Zhen bu cuo"

0H BOCXHU{eHHO CKa3a.TI: «0qeHb HenJIOXO!»

6. ilpHnarareJibHbie.

~JE!
Kuai zou!
J.i.L(eM 6biCTpee!

7. MecmHMeHH.SI.
·· h-.<='
~ I J 71/F /,z. I&
II!.' ,~.?
Zhege zi zenme nian?
KaK 3anOMHHTh 3TOT HepornH<f>?

8. Cy6'heKTHo-npe,LIHKaTHbie KOHCTPYKU:HH.

1ml~lti1i!~IJ&~~ T ~ 0

Hi taidu wenhe de jiedaile wo.

0H BCTpeTHJI MeH.SI oqeHb TenJibiM OTHOIIIeHHeM.
158 lfacmo II. CuHmaKcuc

9. ilpe,ZVIKaTHbie coqeTaHH.SI (TO eCTb Te, KOTOpbie MOI)'T OT-

_nenbHO Cn)')KHTh CKaJyeMhiM).

{t!?j~ ~ ~ ~·t~I:J:& §] ~ T fit 1¥1 lb1 ~ 0

Ta reichang reqing de huidale wo de wenti.

0H oqeHb rop.s~qo OTBeqan Ha MOH BOnpOCbl.

10. CqeTHhie KOHCTPYKUHH.

fitiW3 ~IJiiittr 7t T ~* t5 0

Wo liang tianjiu kanwanle zhe ben shii.

.5I npoqen 3TJ KHHry 3a ,nsa ,nH.SI.
11. O,nHopo,nHhie cnosocoqeTaHH.SI.
1ti?.I1A 1J.: ~hi:~:&~ JJ rx i1L
Ta renzhen nuli de xuexi hanyu.
OH ycep,nHo 11 aKKypaTHO HJyqaeT KHTaHCKHit

12. CnosocoqeTaHH.SI co 3HaqeHHeM MeCTOHaxo)f()l:eHH.SI.

1fFfi'Jiffill!lilinB o

Nimen wu li zuo ba.

ilOCH,nHTe B KOMHaTe.

13. YcTouqHBhie cnosocoqeTaHH.SI.

1ti?.l § ~~!lfji:J:&tr~fit 0

Ta mubu-zhuanjing de kanzhe wo.

OH cMoTpen Ha MeH.SI, He B cHnax oTsecTH rnaJ.

Ha "liTO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe

rrpu UCIIOJib30BaHUU o6CTOHTCJibCTB

1. 06cTouenhCTBa He MOIJ'T cTO.SITh nocne maronos.

llpaBUJlO 164.

.5I 113yqa10 KHTaHCKHH B CTOnHqHOM ne)J.arorHqeCKOM

YHHBepcHTere.
I'.IlaBa 1. lfneHbl npeo.rw:JK:eHUR 159

!It~ :sJ ¥X iift£1tWV!f1mJ;:~ o

Wo xuexi himyu zai ShOudii Shif'an Daxue.

!!tit±1tW9fPmJ;:~I~ :sJ & i! o

Wo zai Shoudii Shif'an Daxue xuexi himyu.

HeJib3H HOCJIOBHO nepeBO.!lHTb Ha KHTaHCKHH H3biK cppa3y «H

yqy KHTaHCKHH B CTOJIH'IHOM ne,narom'leCKOM yHHBepCHTe-
Te». B pyccKoM H3biKe cnoao, o6o3Ha'laJOI.I.J.ee MecroHaxmK-
,neHue, 06bi'IHO CTaBHTCH B KOHel.( npe,nJIO)I(eHIDI, HO B KH-
TaHCKOM 3TO He TaK. B npuae,neHHOM npe,nno)l(eHHH :tEtr:m
JfrlHil::k~ - 3TO npe,nJIO)I(HaH KOHCTpyKI.(HH, o603Ha'laJOI.I.J.aH
MeCTOHaxO)I(,neHHe. 0Ha HBJIHeTCH 06CTOHTeJibCTBOM H no-
3TOMY .!lOJI)I(Ha CTOHTb nepe_n CKaJyeMbiM ~):].

llpa6UJW 165•

.H cKa3an eH:, 'ITO co6upaJOcb aepHyThCH Ha po,nnHy.

!It iJixttziB, !It 1T • @l 00 o

Wo shuo dui ta,wo dasuan hui guo.

~~xr~iJil, ~1T-@l00o
Wo dui ta shuo,wo dasuan huf gu6.

HeJih3H nocnoaHo nepeao,nHTb Ha KHTaMCKHH H3biK cppa3y «H

CKa3aJI en... 00CKOiihKY B npHBe,neHHbiX npe,nJIO)I(eHHHX
M !l1B - 3TO npe,nJIO)I(HaH KOHCTpyKI.(HH, BhlczynaJOI.I.J.aH B
pOJIH 06CTOHTeJihCTBa K rJiaroJibHOMY CKaJyeMOMY i)?., OHa
.!lOJI)I(Ha CTOHTb nepe_n maroJIOM.

llpa6UJlO 166.

.H scTan cero,nHH s 7 yrpa.

ft~*4--7(!f!.J: 7 '~ 0

Wo qi chuangjintian zaoshang qi dian.

160 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

~fiR 1f!. J: 7 ~~'* o

Wo jintian zaoshang qi dian qi chuang.

4-R 1f!. J: 1 .ra ~~'* a<J 0

Jintian zaoshang qi dian wo qi chuang de-

HeJib3.ll nocJI08HO nepe80,LVfTb Ha KHTaHCKHii .ll3biK cppa3y «.II

8CTaJI 8 ceMb yTpa>>. flOCKOJibKY 8 npH8e~eHHbiX npe~O)!(e­
HH.IIX -!>;-7( lf'- J: 7 B .liBJI.lleTC.ll 06CTO.liTeJibCT80M 8peMeHH,
OHO ~OJI)!(HO CTO.liTb nepe~ CKa3yeMbiM ~pf\: HJIH no~e)!(a-
11\HM ft. Bo 8TopoM cnyqae a<J Heo6xo~HMO nocTaBHTh 8
KOHUe npe~o)!(eHH.ll ~.~~ no~qepKHBaHH.ll nporne~rnero 8pe-
MeHH.

lipaBUJlo 167.

>I KIDI<,[J,hiii ~eHb nosrop.liiO npou~eHHoe, TaKHM o6pa-

30M, y MeH.ll scema xopornue ycneXH.

~•R••~~•· ~-~~. m~~•

{~tlfo ~
Wo meitian dou fuxf gongke, wo zuo zheyang,
suoyi chengji hen hao.

~•R••~~-·~•.m~~•
{~tlfo ~
Wo meitian dou fllxi gongke, wo zheyang zuo,
suoyi chengji hen hao.

Kor~a yKa3aTeJibHOe MecrouMeHue, HanpuMep ~;ff HJIH Jl~

;ff ,.li8JI.lleTC.ll 06CTO.siTeJibCT80M o6pa3a ~eiiCf8H.ll, OHO
~OJI)!(HO CTO.liTb nepe~ maroJIOM.

.H TaK cnpocHJI

ft!!~~~~ ~fd]jj~~
ta xiang zheyang wo wen nayang
Dta6a I. £flleHbl npeiJ!Io:JK:eHUR 161

f1B~W~~ fjtJj~f¥f~
ta zheyang xiang wo nayang wen

HpaBullo 168.

Mapw Y'IHTCR O'leHb xoporno, MHe Ha.n;o y'IHThCR y

Mapu.

~oo*mmB.fJt~~*~M~ooo ~
Mali xue de hen hao, wo ylnggai xuexi c6ng Mali.

~SB*1~t!lB. fJt~~~rtJ~SB*~Io 0
Mali xue de hen hiio, wo ylnggai xiang Mali xuexf.

Ope.n;nor «y» so <f>pa.Je «y'IHTbCH y Koro-To» nepeso.n;HTCR

KaK rPJ , a He KaK JA. KpoMe roro, nopR.n;OK enos B pyccKOM
npe.n;noJKeHHH «MHe Ha.n;o yqHThCR y MapH» OTJIHqaeTcH oT
KHTaikKoro. B npHBe.n;eHHOM npe.n;noJKeHHH <f>pa.Ja rPJ R)
1913 - npe.n;noJKHM KOHCTPYKU.HH, BhiCTYnaiOlliM B ponH
npe.n;noJKHoro .n;ononHeHHR. CooTBeTCTBeHHO, OHa )J,OJIJKHa
CTOHTb nepe.n; maroJIOM ~¥ 3J.

HpaBuJlo 169.

MHe HYJKHO ynpaJKHRTbCR 6onbrne rosopHTh

nO-KHTaHCKH.

fJt~~r-*:B i~¥R i-!~ 0

Wo yTnggai lianxi shuo hanyu duo.

fJt~~r-*:BI~tJil¥3<. i-!o
Wo ylnggai lianxi duo shuo hanyii.

HeJib3R nocrrosHo nepeso.n;HTb Ha KHTaiicKHH H3biK <f>pa.Jy «R

MHoro rosop10 no-KHTaiicKH>>. B npwse.n;eHHbiX npe.n;noJKe-
HHRX ~ - 06CTORTeJlbCTBO, OTHOCHllieeCR K rrrarony i)t
Oo npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH 06CTORTeJibCTBO
.n;oJIJKHo npe.n;urecTBOBaTb marony.

6-115M
162 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

llpa6UJIO 170.

3,necb MaJIO .lJ:O:>KJJ:eH, HO y MeiDl ,noMa .lJ:O:>KJJ:H H,nYf

qacro.

~JL rlf:H~d>, llJ f!!lt8{]%.3f rf:IH~~ o ~

Zher xia yii hen shao, keshi wo de jiaxiang xia yii
hen duo.

~JU1~d.> -rml. JJJ !!!lt8{]%.3f!';t';trmlo 0

Zher hen shao xia yii, keshi wo de jiaxiang chang-
chang xia yii.

HeJib3JI nocnoaHo nepeao,nHTb Ha KHTaifcKHH Jl3b!K <f>pa3bi

«.li:O>K,ll.b H,neT pe,nKO» H «,nmK,nb H.ll:eT lfaCTO». ~tty - 3TO
06CTOJ!TeJibCTBO, BblpiDKaJO~ee 3HalfeHHe «pe,nKO», ero HMO
cTaBHTb nepe,n maronoM. O,nmum ~Lt $ - npHnaraTeJibHOe
H He MO:>KeT BbiCrynaTb B pOJIH 06CTOJ!TeJibCTBa. Ero MO:>KHO
3aMeHHTb Ha -;.t'{t.

llpa6UJIO 171.

5I aeceno nposen <f>ecTHBaJib seCHbi ,noMa y o,nuoro

,npyra.

!lti17lfi1~i~B~~:tE-1'-M~%o
Wo guole Chiin Jie gaogao-xingxing zai yf ge
pengyoujia.

!lttE-1'-M~%~~~~~i17~~0 0
Wo zai yi ge pengyou jia gaogao-xingxing de guole
Chiin Jie.

B npHae,neHHbiX npe,nno:>KeHHJIX ~ ~ ~ ~ BbicrynaeT a

pOJIH 06CTOJ!TeJibCTBa K maroJiy U. 00 npaBHJiaM KHTaH-
CKOH rpaMMaTHKH o6cTOJ!TeJibCTBO ,noJI:>KHO CTOJ!Tb nepe.n
maronoM. ~~~~ - 3TO y,naoeHHOe npunaraTeJibHoe,
nocne Hero Heo6xo,nnMo ,no6aanTb qacTuey :1:1!!.. nocKOJibKY
Iftaea 1. lflleHbl npeO!Io:Jtcemm 163

npeMO:JKHrul KOHC'fPYKI.UlR tf-1-JYltit%: OTHOCHTCR KO Bee-

MY npe~Jio:JKeHHIO, ee Mecro- nepe~ ~~ ~~:tt!!n T lf~p-.

2. 06CTORTeJihCTBa He MOI)'T CTORTh nepe)l, llO)l,Jle:JKalUHM.

HpaBuJlo 172.

>I qacro CKy'IaiO no po~HhiM MecTaM.

~~ ::m ;f§ ::m nft "ik -o/;.

r'f.i r'f.i 1J<.,l!.I,"V<.r:I'J~.7 0

Change hang wo xiang wo de jiaxiang.

!ltl11t11tl~fti¥J%~ 0

Wo changchang xiang wo de jiaxiang.

B npuse~eHHhiX npe.uJio:JKeHHRX uapeque ~~ BblcrynaeT B

pOJIH 06CTORTeJihCTBa, a IIOTOMY )l,OJI:JKHO CTORTh nepe)l, CKa-
3yeMhiM ~~ H llOCJie llO)l,Jie:JKaiUero :fit. flo npaBWUlM KU-
maiiCKOU 2paMMamuKu, Kozoa Hapettue Bbzcmynaem B pollu
o6cmoRmeJlbCm6a, OHO 00/l:JICHO cmaBumbCJl Mexoy nOOJle-
:JICQUjUM U CKa:J}'eMblM.

~*0
Wo xian zou. Ta mashang hii. Bie chouyan le.
R noii.uy nepBhiM. R ceuqac :JKe npMy. He KYP"·

3. He~ocTaTOK o6croRTeJibCTB.

HpaBUJlo 173.

M1.1 3aBTpa B 8:00 Bhie3)KaeM ua BeJIHKyiO KHTai1cKYJO

CTeuy.

ft{I'Jtyj:;R 8:00 lliLt*~o

Women mfngtian ba dian chiifli Chcingcheng.

!\t{f]tyj:;R 8:00 ~~*~'ttlbto

Women mfngtian ba dian xiang Changcheng chiifli.
6*
164 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuae,neHHhiX npe,LVIO)I(eHHJIX l±l1Y:. uenepexo,nublii

maron u ue MO)I(eT npuuuMaTh npJIMOe .nononueuue. qTo6hi
yKa3aTh Mecro ~ ~ , ,nOJI)I(Ha 6b!Th ucnOJih3oaaua npe,n-
JIO)I(HaJI KOHCTPYKQHJI rPJ ~~. CTOJ!ll.{aJI nepe.n maronoM.

R noMhiJI pe6euKa.
ft¥5t~~HK=f o
Wo xizao haizi.
ftl~~ ~l¥5t¥!* 0

Wo gei haizi xizao.

R H3BHHHJICJI nepe.n HHM.
fit J:§JPx fm 0

wo daoqian ta.
fiG rPJ ft!?.i!tX 0

Wo xiang tii daoqian.

4. flopJI,l\OK CJIOB npH HCllOJlh30BaHHH 06CTOJITeJihCTBa H MD-

,l\aJihHOro marona.

llpaBUJlo 174.

R o6JI3aTeJihHO ,nOJI)I(eH xoporno BhiY'IHTh KHTaHCKHH.

ft~-}E~~r~Xi-B-o
Wo yao yiding xuehao hanyu.
flt-}E~~~¥X i£- o
Wo yidlng yao xuehao hanyu.

Kor,na uapeque -IE BhicrynaeT a ponH o6cTOJITeJihCTBa, ouo

,nOJI)I(HO CTOJ!Th nepe.n MO.l\aJihHb!M mamnoM. Mo,nenh o6pa-
30BaHHJI TaKoro o6croJITeJihCTaa: -IE + MoOGJlb1lblU 2lla20Jl +
+ 2JIG20flbHOe CKa3)leMoe.
Dw6a I. CJJ!eHbl npeO!Io:JICemm 165

5I o6H3aTeJihHO ,noJDKeH npuihu.

1~1~-JE*o
Nl de yiding hii.

1~-5E1~*0
Ni yiding de lai.

5I oqeHh xoqy yqacTBOBaTh.

1ffi~g-)E~1Jo o
Ta ym\nyi yiding canjia.
ft!?.-]E~g~1Jo o
Ta yiding yuanyi canjia.

llpa«uno 175.

MHe Ha,no qacTo nosTopHTh npoii,neHHhie uepommphl.

~~m'@i~~)J~J:ii¥J¥JC=f:o
o
W changchang yinggai fuxi xueguo de Hanzi.

~@i~~~~)J ~J:ii¥J¥}( .'=f:o

Wo yinggai changchang ruxi xueguo de Hanzi.
Kor,na Hapetme 1t 1t BhiC'I)'naeT B ponu o6cTOHTeJihCTBa,
MO.ll:aJibHhie maroJihi, TaKue KaK ~ , ~l! , @ ~ u T. ,n.,
,nomKHhi eMy npe,nrnecTBOBaTh B npe,nJIO)I(eHuu. Mo,nenh o6-
pa3oBaHUH TaKOro 06CTOHTeJihCTBa: .MOOOllbHblU 2!l020ll +
+ 1t1t + 2!lazollbHOe CKa:Jye;woe.

llpa«uno 176.

5I co6upaiOCh exaTh ey-rernecTaoaaTh B fyiirrHHh

C npHHTeJieM.

~R~~I¥JM1Y:~-~*f£if**ifho
Wo gen wo de pengyou yao yiql qu Guilin h1y6u.
166 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

!lt~R~!ltfl'.JM~-~*t!l*~~o
W6 yao gen w6 de pengyou ylqi qii Gullin 1Uy6u.

B npuae~eHHhiX npeJUIO)I(eHHRX npeJUIO)I(HaJI KOHCTpyKI.(HR

m~B<JJ!Jltit-~ BbicrynaeT B poJIH o6croueJihCTBa. Kor~a
npe~JimKHIDI KOHCTPYKI.(HR BhlcrynaeT a ponu o6croRTeJihCT-
aa, oua ~OJI)I(Ha CTORTh nocne MO~aJihHOro marana. Mo~eJih
o6pa3oBaHHR TaKoro o6cTORTeJihCTaa: MOOaJlbHblU 2JtaZOll +
+ npeOllo:JICHaR KOHcmpyKtfWl 6 pOilu o6cmomnenbcmea +
2llQZOJlbHOe CKa3YeMOe.

R ~OJI)I(eH uanucaTh en nuchMO.

!lt~~!SY*~1~ 0

W6 gei ta yinggai xiexin.

!!t!SY*I~iij~1~ o
W6 yinggai gei ta xiexin.

J( XO'I)' OT~OX"Yfh ~OMa.

1t!rtl:** ;m1* J~!, o

Ta zai jiaii xiling xiiixi

1m;mtE:* lt!1* ,~~, 0

Ta xiang zaijiali xiiixi.

5. 0TpHI.(aTeJihHIDI 'laCTHI.(a He MO)I(eT CTaBHThCR UOCJie 06-

CTORTeJihCTBa.

llpaBUJIO 177.

R He UOKYna.JI en :non KHHfH.

!It~~ & !X: ~UJJ~.2$: 4£ o
W6 gei ta mei maidao na ben shii.

!!ti&~~I!X: ~uJJ~-* -t; o

W6 mei gei ta maidao na ben shii.

Dw6a I. Lf.neHbl npeO!IOJICeHUR 167

B npuse.n:eHHbiX npeJVIO)I(eHHJIX npeJVIO)I(Hrui KOHCTPYKI.(HJI

~!@ BMc-rynaeT B poJIH o6croueJibCTBa, B 3TOM cnyqae oT-
pHI.(aTeJII.Hrui 'laCTHI.(a ¥9: HJIH ::f .ll:OJI)I(Ha CTOJ!Tb nepe.n;
npeJVIO)I(HOM KOHCTPYKI.(Heu. Mo.n:enh o6pa3oBaHHJI TaKoro
06CTOJ!TeJibCTBa: ¥9://F + npeOJlOJICHafl KOHcmpyKztWl +
+ 2!la20JlbHOe CK03)'eMOe.

0Ha He xo.n:HJia co MHOH.

~IElU!t 1I'J -}t:9 ¥i-* o

Ta gen w6men yiql mei qu.

~&IErH~1fJ-ij-* 0

Ta mei gen w6men yiqi qu.

5J He 6pan KHHrH H3 6n6JIHOTeKH.

TJtM 00 45 'rn& 1t-t5 o

W6 c6ng tiishuguan meijie shu.

fJt &M 00 45'rn1t-t5 o

W6 mei cong tiishuguan jie shu.

Hpa6UJlO 178.

MLI c Jln.n:oii TOJKe o6e xo.n:HJin.

ft~BB:Iis:t!Hi?.-* 7 o

W6 he Lida dou ye qu Ie.

ft~ BB :iis:lii!-* 7 o

W6 he Lida ye dou qu Ie.

ill om - 'laCTO HCnOJib3yeMOe Hape'IHOe CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHe.

ill npe.n:wecTByeT :m. E.~~ + /F - 3TO .n:pyroe ycrouqu-
soe CO'IeTaHHe, KOTOpoe He06XO.ll:HMO 3anOMHHTb.
168 lfacmb 11. CuHmaKcuc

R }')Ke He nOMHIO.
fit /I' B~ ic.f~ T
Wo bu yijingjide le.
fltB~/Fmf~ T
Wo yijing bujide le.

Pa30ell 3
~l
,JJ;onOJIHHTCJILHLIH 'IJICH • 1'1' 11=1
:;::g.

Onpet~:eJieuue

Cnoao HJIH cnoaocoqeTaHHe, npHcoe,nHHeHHoe K CKa3ye-

MOMy, BblpiDKeHHOMY maroJIOM HJIH npHJiaraTeJibHbiM, ,nJIH ero
yroqHeHHH, Ha3biBaeTCH .nononHHTeJibHbiM qneHoM. Cnoao, K
KOTOpOMY OTHOCHTCH ,nonOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH, Ha3biBaeTCH
rJiaBHbiM CJIOBOM.

KJiaccucfmKaiJ,HH
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3HaqeHHH H CTPYKTYPbl ,nonoJIHHTeJib-
Hbie qJieHbl MO)f(HO pa3,neJIHTb Ha CJie,nyiOUJ,He nHTb KaTeropHH:
CTeneHH, pe3yJibTaTa, KOJIHqeCTBa, HanpaBJieHHH H B03MO)f(-
HOCTH.

1. )l;onOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH creneHH.

1) Onpe.neneHHe.
Cnoao HJIH cnoaocoqeTaHHe, npHcoe,nHHeHHoe K cKa3yeMo-
My, BblpiDKeHHOMY maroJIOM HJIH npHJiaraTeJibHblM, ,nJIH
yroqHeHHH CTeneHH HJIH COCTOHHHH ,neHCTBHH, Ha3blBaeTCH
,nonOJIHHTeJlbHbiM qneHOM creneHH.

2) flopH,nOK CJIOB npH ,nonOJIHHTeJibHOM qJieHe CTeneHH:

rJiaBHOe CJIOBO + ~~ + ,nonOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH CTeneHH.
T!la6a 1. [{JleHbl npeiJ!loxeHUJl 169

3) Cnosa H cnosocoqeTaHHR, KOTOpbie MoryT BbicTynaTb

B KaqecTBe ,ll;OflOJIHHTeJibHOro qJieHa CTeneHH:

a) DpHJiaraTeJibHbie.

1lli*1~~0
Ta xue de hiio.
OH xopomo yqnTCR.

b) HapeqnR.

f!t•tt{~~o
Wo mang de hen.
5I oqeHb 3aHRT.

c) MecTOHMeHIUJ..

1$~1~1~ ~*+I?
Ni kiio de zenmeyang?
KaK Tbi c.n;an 3K3aMeH?

d) Cy6oeKTHo-npe,n;HKaTHbie KOHCTPYK~HH.

f!t~{~~~1¥lo
Wo kan de touteng.
5I CMOTpen ,ll;O rDJIOBHOH 60JIH.

e) rnaroJibH0-06"beKTHbie KOHCTpyK~HH.

1m~1~1~ T1~$Jl(lo
Ta ke de hele hen duo shuT.
5I TaK XOTeJI flHTb, qTo BbinHJI oqeHb MHOro BO,ll;bl.

f) ,[{onoJIHHTeJibHbie coqeTaHHR.

f1t ~ 1~l;t /F l9JI T

Wo lei de zou bu dong le.
5I TaK ycTaJI, qro XO,ll;HTb He Mory.
170 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

g) O,n:HopO.l\Hhie cnosoco'leTaHJUI.

fiB -lff~IX ~ JV!±Io

Ta zhang de you gao you zhm\ng.
OH Bhipoc H BhiCOKHM, H CHJJhHhiM.

h) npe,n:HKaTHOe CO'IeTaHHe.

~niHJtf~l~~ ~ ~~~0
Yifu xi de leichang ganjing.
O,I\e)I{,[J.a nocTHpaua oqeuh 'IHCTO.

4) Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTl1Th BH!1MaHwe npH HcnoJib30BaHl1H

,I\OnonmneJihHoro qJieHa creneHw.

a) rnaroJI, np11Hl1Ma10~HH ,I\OllOJIHeHHe, ,I\OJJ)I(eH llOBTO-

pHThCH.

llpa6Ull0 179.

Cefiqac H He o<JeHh xopowo yqy KMTaHcKHH, HO nOTOM

6y,n:y xopowo y<JHTh.

~~~~&m~~M. ey~~~~~&m
{~Mo ~
Wo xiimzai xue hanyii bu tai hao, keshi yihou hui
xue hanyii hen Mo.

~~~~&m~~~~M. ey~~~~~
~mMo 0
Wo xianzai xue hanyii xue de bu tai Mo, keshi
,. yi-
hou hui xue de hen hao.

~~~&m~~~~H. ey~~~~~&
'_li/.8 -liL
1;1=11~\(~o
Wo xianzai hanyii xue de bU tai hao, keshi yihou
hui xue de hen Mo.
Draea 1. lfJteHbl npeiJ!lo:JICeHUR 171

B npuse)J.eHHhiX npe)J.no>KeHHHX :Jf' :ic:trJ u {!.Uf o6o3Ha-

1fatOT creneHh )J.ei1cTSHH ?¥:. TaKue 3Ha'leHHH o$opMnHtOT-
CH C ITOMO~hfO )J.OITOnHHTeni>HOfO 'lneHa CTeneHH. B npeo-
JlO:JICeHUU C OOnO!lHUmeJlbHblM 'UleHOM cmeneHU, eCJlU y 2Jla-
20JlQ ecmb npR.Moe oono!lHeHue, oH OO!l:JICeH 6blmb noemo-
peH u emopou 2!la2oll orjJopM!lRemcR Ha ~. Jloc!leOHuit
3Jle.MeHm 6 npeO!lO:JICeHUU - OOnO!lHUme!lbHblU 'l!leH cme-
neHU. DopH)J.OK enos S npe)J.nO>KeHHH e )J.OITOnHHTenhHhlM
'IJleHOM: 2JIQ20Jl + npRMoe OOnO!lHeHue + noemopeHHblU
2!la2o!l + ~ + oono!lHumeJlbHb1U ttlleH cmeneHu. Hanpu-
Mep, P!H&P~m~f, :Hi-HH~i*. Ecllu 2!la2oll He noemo-
pRemcR, mo oH OO!l:JICeH cmoRmb noc!le oonollHeHWl,
orjJopM!leHHblU Ha ~- Jloc!leOHUM ttlleHOM npeo!lo:JICeHWl
6Ce pa6HO R8JlRemCR OOnO!lHUmeJlbHblU 'UleH. DopH)J.OK enos
S 3TOM enyqae 6y)J.eT TaKOS: OOnO!lHeHUe + 2JIQ20Jl + ~ +
+ oonO!lHUme!lbHblU 'llleH cmeneHU. HanpuMep, ~PI§~~-r-.
15 :1f ~ "*.
b) He)J.OeTaTOK 'laeTUUhl m.
Hpasullo 180.

OH TaK 6wcTpo 6eraer, g ero He .ll.OfOHtO.

1mR@HJ~ ff ·11c, !ltfi)F __t 1m o

Ta pao miyang kuai, wo gan bu shang ta.

11PJJ@ 1"-WHJ~ ff tRI. !!tM :IF __t 1m o

Ta pao de nayang kuai, wo gan bu shang ta.

B npuse)J.eHHhiX npe)J.JIO>KeHHHX JJ~tf'l* - )J.OnonHuTenh-

HhiH 'IJieH eTeneHH, xapaKrepu3ytO~HH CTeneHH )J.ei:fcTBHH
~!!. Do npasunaM KHTaikKOH rpaMMaTHKH ttacmUl{O ~ He-
o6XOOUMQ Me:>ICOY 2llQ20llOM U OOnOJlHUmeilbHblM 'UleHOAt
cmeneHu. nopH.lJ.OK enos B TaKoM npe.n.no>Kemm: CKG3Je.Moe +
+ f~ + OOnO!lHUmeJlbHblU 'UleH cmeneHU.
172 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

MeAJieuuo H):{TH Muoroecn.

:AE1~·tt nz1~$ ~
zou hen man chi henduo

:AEt~1~tt 0 nl;{~1~$ 0
zou de hen man chi de henduo
Hpa6UllO 181.

at fa.J MT 1~ t1C o
Shijian guole hen kuai.
a-;ffajj1{~1~'t1Co
Shijian guo de hen kuai.

B npuBe,IJ,eHHbiX npe,IJ,JIO)I(eHHHX qacrHua ~ 6onbiDe, ue-

)l(eJIH 7, llO,IJ,XO,IJ,HT ,IJ,JIH llOCTaHOBKH Me)I(,IJ,y CKa3yeMbiM U
If ,IJ,OllOJIHHTeJibHbiM qJieHOM CTeneHH 1[Hjc.

c) 0TpHQaHHe :Jf' He MO)I(eT CTOHTb nepe,ll, ~-

HpaBUJlO 182.

HeKoTopbre 6JIIO,IJ,a 3Toro pecTopaua BK}'CHbie, a ueKo-

TOpbre- HeT.
1i B"J t& tEU Ls<J~ 1$: t~ ~ nz , 1i B"J t& 'CiV L/F
•m~nzo ~
Youde tanguam de cai zuo de hao chi,y<';)ude fan-
guam bu zuo de hao chi.
1i B"J t& tEU LB"J ~ 1$: t~ ~ nz , 1i 1¥1 ta 'rn JL1$:
m/F~rlZo 0
Youde fanguanr de cai zuo de hao chi,youde fan-
guam zuo de bU hao chi.
Dw«a 1. lf.neHbl npeOJIO;J~CeHuR 173

B npuse.neHHbiX npeMoiKeHHRX OTpuu:auue ~ .noniKHO

CTORTb llOCJie :fJit ll npe.nwecTBOBaTb .l:\OllOJIHllTeJibHOMY
'IJieHy CTeneHll ~f rJZ.
CTpyKrypa OTpHU:aTeJibHOH £l>opMbl
npeMOiKeHUR C .l:\OllOJIHllTeJibHbiM 'IJieHOM CTeneHU: CKa3ye-
MOe + :fJit + ~ + OOnOJIHUmeJlbHblU 'I.JleH cmeneHU.

C.l\aTb nnoxo OrseTHTb uesepuo

/F~1fl~ ~ /F@]~1~Xi ~
bu kiio de hiio bu huida de dui

~1~/F~ 0 @J~1~/Fx1 0
kiio de buhiio huida de budui

d) l13JilllllHRR nocTaHOBKa uapequfi co 3Ha'leuueM creneuu.

llpaBUJlO 183.

Oua He MOfJia BblfOBOpllTb Hll CJIOBa OT BOJIHeHUH.

tlt!?.~~'ft~~M~iJt/Fllii!* To
Ta reichang giindong de shuo bu chii hua lai !e.

tLtB ~i;iJ 1~ iJt /F lli it* T o

Ta giindong de shuo bu chu hua llii Ie.

B npuse.neHHbiX npeMOiKeHHRX [ff.?i;Jj - CKa3yeMoe, Bbipa-

iKeuuoe npHnaraTeJibHbiM, a iR. ~ tlJ 0 *- )l.OllOJIHH-
TeJibHbiH 'IJieH CTeneHll K !fll.?i;}). no npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH
rpaMMaTHKif B npeAJIOiKeHllRX, r.ne yiKe eCTb .l:\OllOJIHUTeJib-
Hblll 'IJieH CTeneHH, He MOryT CTORTb OTHOCR~HeCR K CKa-
3yeMOMY uape'IHR, TaKiKe BbipaiKaiO~ue 3Ha'leHHR creneuu,
KaK, uanpHMep, ~~~, {~ u T. .n.

5J OT ycTaJIOCTH He MOf OOilleBeJIUTbCR.

~1lt~1~/E/FM7 o
Wo hen lt~i de zou bu dong Ie.
174 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

!lt~1~~/Fi9JT o
wo lei de zou bu dong Ie.

Qqenb cTeMneno.

:R~~1t ~1~11L
THin teichang hei de hen.

:RJl1~1lL
Tian hei de hen.

2. ,D;ononHHTeJibHbiH 'llleH pe3yJibTara.

1) Onpe~enenlfe.
Cnooo WII1 cnosocoqeranwe, npwcoe~wnennoe K cKa3yeMo-
MY, BblpiDKeHHOMY maronoM, ,roD~ yroqneHIDI pe3yJibTaTa
~eHcTBIDI, Ha3bmaeTCR ~ononmrrenbHbiM qnenoM pe3ynbnrra

2) llopR~OK CJIOB npH ~OOOJIHHTeJibHOM 'IJieHe pe3yJibTara:

fJiaBHOe CJIOBO + ~OOOJIHHTeJibHbiH 'IJieH pe3yJibTaTa.

3) Cnosa H CJIOBOCOqeTaHl1R, KOTOpbie MOfYT BbiCTynaTb

B Ka'IeCTBe ~OOOJIHHTeJibHOfO qnelia pe3yJibTaTa:

a) rnarOJibl.

!It f~i!r]1m T 0

Wo zhaodao tale.
R narnen ero.
b) llpHnaraTeJibHble.

ftB iJl f~[MI 0

Ta shuo de dui.
On npaBHJibHO CKa3an.

C) llpeMo:>KHble KOHCTpYKL(Hl1.

J!~tlj($Jflf±~~*~o
Zhe lie huoche kaiwang Beijing.
3TOT noe3~ e~eT B lleKl1H.
Dzaea 1. lfneHbl npeiJJlo:»eemm 175

4) Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe npH HCllOJib30BaHHH

,ll.OllOJIHHTeJibHOfO 'IJieHa pe3yJI&TaTa.
a) He,ll.OCTaTOK ,ll.OnOJIHHTeJihHoro 'IJieHa pe3yJihTaTa.

Hpasww 184.

He KJia,ll.HTe 3TH KacceTLI pg.ll.oM c TeJieBH3opoM.

jJ~ll:~~*~U ~~~:iiiJ'iJ[o
Nrude cidai bie dianshi pangbian rang.

jj~ ll:~~ * ~lj ti)(ji]~ ~~:iii 0

Naxie cidai bie fangzai dianshi pangbian

~'J reJJ~ @~ *J]J[1£ ~*~~:iii 0

Bie ba naxie cidai rangzai dianshi pangbian.

;Jono;mumeJlbHblU •.IJleH pe3yllbmama OoJl:»eeH ucnOJlb30-

eambcJL, K020a Mbl xomUM cKa3amb, ttmo 6 pe3Yllbmame
oeucm8liR OocmuzHymo onpeOeJleHHOe cocmoJLHUe. B npHBe-
,ll.eHHOM npe,ll.JIO)I(eHHH Et!.t.W.ffl~:iii - JIOKaTHB K maroJiy
$:., OH ,ll.OJI)I(eH CJie,ll.OBaTb 3a fJiarDJIOM $:. KaK ,ll.OllOJIHH-
TeJihHhiH 'IJieH pe3yJI&TaTa, O$OpMJieHHhiH Ha :t£. flopg,ll.QK
CJIOB B TaKOM CJiyqae 6y,ll.eT: 2Jla20Jl + tt + JlOKamue.

Hpasww 185.

Bqepa g Ha YJIMl.\e BHJJ;eJI O.ll.HOro npmneng.

B'F ~ ft:tE IE! __t~ T -1'- Jm 1st o

Zu6tian wo zai lu shang kanle yi ge pengyou.
B'F~ft{±JE!__t~~T-1'-Misto 0
Zu6tian wo zai lu shang kanjianle yi ge pengyou.
B npe,ll.JIO)I(eHHH He no,ll.qepKHBaeTcg HeKoe ,ll.eikTBHe ~, HO
YTBep)l(.lJ.aeTcg, 'ITO no,ll.Jie)l(amee (cy6oeKT) ft .ll.OCTHmo
pe3yJihTaTa c noMomhto ,ll.eikTBHg ~. flo3TOMY nocne ma-
rana ~· He06XO,ll.HM ,ll.OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH 'IJieH pe3yJihTaTa JA!..
176 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

On 3B8Jl MeHR c nepaoro :nruKa, no Hne CJibUII8JI.

1m:tt~rll4~. PJ ~~&llJT 0

Ta zai l6uxiajiao wo, keshi WO mei ting.

11BtE~rll4~. llJ ~~&llJf Yi!.o

Ta zai l6uxiajiao wo, l<eshi wo mei tingjian.

b) CKaJyeMoe If .nononHlfTeJibHbiH qneH pe3ynbTaTa He Mo-

ryr 6biTb pa3,neneHbl.

llpasww 186.

5.1: ei..U;e ne nepeaen 3TH <l>Pa3bi.

~~ &~~~ ll:~il] -1- jG 0
Wo hai mei fiinyi zhexie juzi wan.
~~&~~it %1~ ll:~il]-f- 0

Wo hai mei :tanyi wan zhexie juzi.

B npHae,neHHbiX npe.nno)l(eHHHX % - pe3ynbTaT .neiicTBlfH

1133il, BbicrynaiOIIIHH B Kaqecrse .nononHHTenbHoro qnena
pe3yJibTaTa. Do npaBHJiaM KlfTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKlf OOnOllHU-
me.nbHbltl •llleH pe3y!lbmama OOll:>ICeH cmoJLmb cpmy noc!le
ZJW2o!la, u HUKaKoe CllOBO He MOJ/Cem 6bzmb nocmae!leHo
I .M.e:>ICOy HUMU. nopH,nOK enos B TaKOM cnyqae 6y.ner: CKa3ye-
MOe + oonwmume!lbHbZU 'IJleH pe3yllbmama + T li1 + cy-
Ufecmeume.nbHOe.

BbiCTHpaTb o,ne)l(.ll:y OTseTHTb na TOT oonpoc

15t 7 :;&B1Ff{1't ~ @J ~ Jl~ ~ IUJ ~X>t ~
xi le yifu ganjing huida nage wenti dui
1JtT-{1't T :;&B~ 0 x-t
@J ~ JJ~ 1' f!5J ~ 0
xi ganjing le yifu huida dui nage wenti
DzaBa 1. lfReHbl npeiJJtoJK:eHUR 177

C) J13JUIIIIHee lfCfiOJih30BaHlfe ,ll;OfiOJIHlfTeJihHOI'O qJieHa pe-

3YJibTaTa.

llpaBUJlO 187.

Bee, 'ITO Thi cKa3a.n, R 3anoMHlfJI.

1~ iJi B"J -0 iltt!HC. {t tEJJi~Ff 1E T o

NI shuo de hua wo dou jizhuzai niiozi li !e.

1~ iJi B"J -0 ilt ~lie. ttiT o

NI shuo de hua wo dou jlzhu !e.

1~ iJi B"J -i!ilt ~ i2. tEJMi -1- lit. T o

Nl shuo de hua wo dou jizai naozi li !e.

B )J;aHHOM npeJJ:JIO)f(eHHlf KaK 1£, TaK If tE RBJIRIOTCR JJ:O-

noJIHHTeJihHhiMlf qJieHaMH pe3yJibTaTa marana 1C.. ,ll;aa JJ:O-
noJIHHTeJJbHhiX qJJeHa pe3yJJhTaTa He MOI)'T CTORTh B O,ll;HOM
npeJJ:JJO)f(eHHH.
06paTnTe imuMauue: TaK)f(e HenpaBHJJhHO 6yJJ:eT CKa3aTb
:flt~jhC,{EJllij-=f.lE 7 IlocKOJlbKY Jilli-=f!E\. - 3TO He ,ll;OllOJJ-
HeHHe K ll'., HeJJb3R CKa3aTb lCJmiT.

3. ,lJ;onOJIHlfTeJihHhiH qJJeH KOJJJfqeCTBa.

I) OnpeJJ:eJJeHHe.

Cnoao HJJH cnoaocoqeTaHHe, npHcoe,ll;HHeHHoe K CKaJye-

MoMy, Bblpa)f(eHHOMy maroJJOM lfJilf npHnaraTeJJhHbiM,
)J;JJJI yToqHeHHR KOJIHqecTBa, lf3MeHeHHOI'O B pe3yJJbTaTe
,ll;eHCTBlfR, Ha3hiBaeTCR ,ll;OfiOJJHlfTeJJhHhlM qJJeHOM KOJllf-
qeCTBa.

2) ,lJ;onOJJHHTeJlhHhiH qJJeH KOJJifqecTBa MQ)f(HO pa3,ll;eJJlfTb

Ha TP" KaTeropHH:
a) ,lJ;onOJIHlfTeJJbHhiH qJJeH <JaCTOThl - 3TO )J;OOOJJHlfTeJib-
HblH qneH, o6o3HaqaiOmHii qacToTy cosepweHHR )J;elicTBHR.
178 £Jacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B KaqecTse AOllOJIHHTeJibHoro qneHa qacTOTbi BbiCTynaeT

rnarOJibHOe cqeTHOe CJIOBO.

nopJIAOK CJIOB npH HCllOJib30BaHHH AOllOJIHHTeJibHOrO qJie-

Ha qaCTOTbi: rJiaBHOe CJIOBO (rnarOJibHOe CKa3yeMoe) + AO-
llOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH qacTOTbl.

~l-ixl JfiW3 M!il

11
qu san ci ting liang bian
XoAHTb TPH pa3a npocnyrnaTb ABIDI\Abl

b) ,D;ononHHTeJibHbiH qneH AJIHTeJibHOCTH - : n o ,AononHH-

TeJibHbiH qJieH, o603HaqruoruHH MHTeJibHOCTb AeHCTBHH
HJIH COCTOHHHH. HMeHHOe cqeTHOe CJIOBO MOJKeT 6biTb AO-
llOJIHHTeJibHbiM qJieHOM ,AJIHTeJibHOCTH.

nopHAOK CJIOB npH HCllOJib30BaHHH AOllOJIHHTeJibHOrO qJie-

Ha MHTeJibHOCTH: rJiaBHOe CJIOBO (CKa3yeMoe) + AOllOJIHH-
TeJibHbiH qJieH MHTeJibHOCTH.

iJ?.l-1- 1J' a-tl mJLI 7el

shuo yi ge xiaoshi wanr yi tiii.n
rosopHTb 8 reqeHHe qaca 0rAbiXaTb AeHb

C) }J;onOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH pa3Mepa- 3TO AOllOJIHHTeJibHbiH

qneH, o6oJHaqruornHii MHHY HJIH Bbicory. B ponu Aonon-
HHTeJibHoro qJieHa pa3Mepa MOJKeT BbiC'I)'llaTb HMeHHOe
cqeTHOe CJIOBO.

nopJIAOK CJIOB npH HCllOJib30BaHHH AOllOJIHHTeJibHOro qJie-

Ha pa3Mepa: rJiaBHOe CJIOBO (CKa3yeMoe) + AOllOJIHHTeJibHbiH
qneH pa3Mepa.

,J,In3'71 ~lw;;*l
Xiao wii sui Gao liang mi
MnaArne Ha nnh neT Bhlrne Ha ABa MeTPa

3) Ha qTQ CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe npH HCllOJib30BaHHH

AOllOJIHHTeJibHOrD qJieHa KOJilfqeCTBa.
TilaBa 1. Lf.neHbl npeono:HCeHllJI 179

a) ,lJ;OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH 'IJieH KOJIH'IeCTBa He MO:lKeT CTOUb

nepe.l.\ cKroyeMbiM.

HpaBUJlo 188.

R TPH:lK.I.\bi 6biBa.ll Ha BennKoii KHraiicKoii cTeHe.

lit.= {J\ ~tt *~ 0

Wo san ci quguo Changcheng.

lltl~tt-=- ~:XI*~ o
Wo quguo san ci Changcheng.

B npnBe).\eHHbiX npe~JIO)I{eHnax :=: {j\ - c'leTHM KOHCT-

PYK~Ha, o6o3Ha'lruoi.Qaa qacnny Aei:fcTBHa. 0Ha ~OJI:lKHa
npeAllleCTBOBaTb np.srMoMy ~ononHeHHIO K: ;!IJX H CTOUb
nocne cKroyeMoro -t:
H qacTH~bi tl.
llopa.I.\OK cnos B TaKOM cnyqae 6yAeT: 2Jlazon + (ttacmulJa) +
+ OOnOJIHumeilbHblU 'lJleH KOJlU'leCmBa + npR.Moe OOnOJmeuue.
lloBTOpHTb ypoK .1.\Ba proa

rJ3~!!3J Ti*)C
liang bian ruxi le kewen

I!! JJ <T) rJ3 Jill*x

ruxi (le) liang bi<in kewen

llpHHHMaJI JieKapCTBO TpH:lK.I.\bl

-=- iJ\ uztt~

san ci chi guo yao

llZ<tt)- ~:X~
chi (guo) san ci yao
HpaBUJlo 189.

,n:o npne3~a B KnTai:f a )?Ke yqnn KHTaiicKnu nonro).\a.

*~OO~M.lltB~*~~JJT&mo ~
180 Cfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

Lai Zhonggu6 yiqian,wo yijing ban nian xuexile

hanyu.

*~~~~. as~~~T~~&m. 0
Lai Zhonggu6 yiqian, wo yijing xuexile ban nian
hanyii.

B npuae.[(eHHbiX npeMO:>KeHH.IIX -'¥- ~ - :no ,[(ononHH-

TenhHbiH qneH ,[(llHTenbHOCTH, BblpiDKaK>I.QHH, CKOllbKO npo-
,[(Oll:>KaeTC.II ,[(eHCTBHe ~::}. no npaaunaM KHTaHCKOH rpaM-
MaTHKH oonOJlHUme.JlbHblU 'IJleH OJlUme.JlbHOcmu OOJl:JICeH
cmoRmb noc11e CKa3Ye.M020 u ttacmUlfbl (T wzu ii).
nop.II.[(OK CllOB B TaKOM cnyqae 6y.[(eT: 2JlQ20Jl + (ttacmutta) +
+ oonOJlHUme.JlbHblU 'IJleH OJlUme.JlbHOCmu + {I¥J) + npRMoe
omioRHeHue.

CnaTb aoceMb qacoa

81-!J\at!lt(T):%
ba ge xiaoshi shui (le) jiao

l!!tC7)81- 1J\atkB"J):%
shui (le) ba ge xiaoshi (de) jiao
CnyrnaTb MY3biKY qac

11-~rfl~llff(T)-trr*
Yi ge zhongt6u ting (le) yinyue.

illJTC7)11-~~kB"J)il§i-*
ting (le) yi ge zhongt6u (de) yinyue.

b) .nononHHTellbHbiH qneH qaCTOTbi He MO:>Kelf npe,[(UieCTBO-

BaTb MeCTOHMeHHIO, BbiCrynaiOI.QeMy B ponH ,[(OllOllHeHH.II.

Ilpa6UJZO 190.

5I TPH)f(.[(hi K Heif 3aXO.[(HII, HO He Harnen.

FRaGa J. lfReHbl npeOROJ/CeHltR 181

Wo zhaole san hui ta, dou mei zhaodao.

~:t:JGT~I @11. ~~:t:JGitlo
Wo zhiiole ta san hui, dou mei zhaodao.

B npuse.n;euHbiX npe.n;no)l{eHHHX nwmoe MeCTOHMeuue ttl!!.

BhiC'I)'naeT B ponu .n;ononueuuH K rnarony ;j::JG, a .::::.@1 -
,n;ononHHTenbHbiH 'IneH 'laCTOTbl K rnarony t:JG. llo npaBHnaM
KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKli RU'lHOe MecmoUMeHUe 6 pOilU 00-
nOflHeHUR cmaeumcJl nepeo oonoflHUmeJtbHbLM 'lReHOM 'lac-
mombl.
llopH.D;OK enos B TaKoM cnyqae 6y.n;eT: 2Jla20fl + ('lacmuZfa) +
+ OOnOflHeHUe, 6blpaJICeHHOe MeCmOUMeHUeM + OOnOJlHU-
meJtbHblU 'lReH 'lacmombl.

rnHuyrh ua uee Y.n;apHTh ero pa3oK

O~HliM rna.JKOM

:trT-H~~ ~ nT --r1m ~
kan le yi yan ta da Ie yixia ta
:tfT~-H~ 0 nT 11:1!.-r 0
kan le ta yi yan da le ta yixia

c) nosTopeuue rnarona.

llpa«uno 19I.

.5I )')Ke yquJI I<HTaHCKHH B lleKHHe B Teqeuue Tpex

neT.
:ms~.A-fr...f[...--'--~-'/17
1X.
'liT
...:.:r:-p: ...J u ,?- ~ 1A 1.:~:~ -=a=
-'-t- o
Wo yijing zai Beijing xue hanyu I~ san nian.
~ B~:tE~tgl*¥R if[* T 2if:lo
Wo yijing zai Beijing xue hanyu xuele san nian.
:ms~.A-fo...ft..--·-~y ~a= m 'li
-v<. ...:.:r:1I ...J u /?- ~
.=.. -'-t- fAt~:~ o

Wo yijing zai Beijing xuele san nian hanyu.

182 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuae.n:eHHblX npe)J,.JIO)I{eHmlx maronbHoe CKa3yeMoe ?!f:

npHHHMaeT ,li,OllOJIHeHHe ¥X i8- H ,li,OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH 'IJieH
)J,.JIHTeJibHOCTH :::=:::1f.. KoziJa CKa3JleMOe npumJ.Maem iJono!l-
HeHue u iJono!lHume.nbHblU 'L!leH iJRume.nbHOcmu, ?.!la20ll
o6bzttHO noemopRemcJl, a iJonollHUme.nbHblU 'L!leH o!lume!lb-
Hocmu cmaeumcJl noc!le emopozo ?.!la20!la.
flopH,D;OK CJIOB B TaKOM cnyqae 6y,!J,eT: ?.Jla20Jl + OOno.JlHeHUe +
+ noemopeHHblU ?.!la20ll + T + iJono!lHUme.nbHblU 'L!leH
iJRume.nbHocmu.

IlpocMoTpeTh Tenesu3op ~sa qaca.

~~~ TW31-'J\B1
Kan dianshi Ie liang ge xiaoshi.
~~M TrJ31-1J\B1
Kan dianshi kan Ie liang ge xiaoshi.

~enhiM seqep ~enaTb 3~auue.

~1t~T--t-~_t
Xie zuoye Ie yige wanshang.
~1t~~T--t-~_t
Xie zuoye xie le yige wanshang.

Kouequo, .n:ononueuue MO)I{HO nocTaBHTh nocne .n:ononuu-

renbuoro qneua .n:nuTenbHOCTH 6e3 noBTopeHHH marona, TO
ecTh ?.!la20ll + T + iJono!lHume.nbHblU ~eH iJRume.nbHocmu +
+ (i¥J) + iJonoRHeHue.

~ TW31- 1J\H{(l¥J)~t~
Kan Ie liang ge xiaoshi (de) dianshi.
CMoTpeTb TeneBH3op ~aa qaca.

~ T --t-~_t(i¥J)1t~
Xie le yige wanshang (de) zuoye.
,[(enaTb Ja,u.auue aecb aeqep.
rnaBa I. tfneHbl npeiJJIO:JICeHUR 183

d) Kor.n;a He Ha,n;o nosTOpHTb rnaron.

llpaBUJlo 192.

Jl )')ICe ro.n; KaK OOKHH)'JI CeMbiO.

ftB~~Jf*~JF-~T o
Wo yijing likai jia likai yi nian le.
ftB~£~JF*-~T o
Wo yijing likai jia yi nian le.

.D;ODOJIHeHHe *
B npuse.n:eHHOM npe)J)IO)I{eHHH maron ~ 1f npnHHMaeT
H .ll:ODOJIHHTeJibHbiH qneH )l.JIHTeJibHOCTH
-~. Ka)l{eTCH, qTo rnaron Ha,n;o 6bi nosTOpHTb. O.n;HaKo
cne,n;yeT OOMHHTb, qTo ~ 1f OTJIHqaeTCH OT 06b!qHbiX ma-
ronoB, TaK KaK )l.eHCTBHe, KOTOpoe OH Bblpa)l{aeT, - MrHO-
BeHHOe u He MO)I{eT )J)IHTbCH so speMeHu. B TaKoM cnyqae
/f1i 1f He MO)I{eT 6biTb nosTOpeH. ,npyrne rnaronbi co cxo-
)I{HMH npH3HaKaMH: *~ H :t:_.

0H OKOHqHJI HHCTHlyr TpH ro.n;a Ha3a.n;.

ft!?.-*~-* T -=-~To
Ta biye bi le san nian le.

fm-* ~t= ~IT o

Ta biye san nian le.

Ou eJ,n;HJI B IleKHH ua Tpu Jl:HH.

ft!?. ~:d t* ~ T .=.X. T o

Ta qu beijing qu le san tian le.

ft!?.~~t~?-- X. To
Ta qu beijing san tian le.

4. ,nononHnTeJibHbiH qneH HanpaBJieHHH.

l) Onpe.n;eneHne.
Cnoso unu cnosocoqeTaHue, npucoe.n;uHeHHoe K CKa3ye-
MoMy, Bblpa)l{eHHOMY rnaronoM, .n;nH YTOqHeHHH Hanpas-
184 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

JieHHll )l,eikTBHll, Ha3biBaeTCll ,li,OllOJIHHTeJibHbiM qJieHOM

HanpaBJieHHll.

2) .D:onOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH HanpaBJieHHll MO)KHO pa3,!1,eJIHTb

Ha ,li,Be rpynnbl:

a) OpOCTOH ,li,OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH HanpaBJieHHll, TO eCTb

,li,OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH, COCTOliiiJ;HH TOJlbKO H3 rnarona

*·~· ~. ~. m, tlJ, ~.MH~~

Oopll,li,OK CJIOB npH HCllOJlb30BaHHH npOCTOfO ,li,OllOJIHH-
TeJlbHOfO qJieHa HanpaBJieHHll: 2/lQBHOe CJlOBO + npocmou
OOnOJlHUme!lbHblU 'lJleH HanpaB!leHUR..

j£*
zoulai
H-1±1
kaichii
llO,li,OHTH BbiexaTb

r. *·
b) CocTaBHoif ,li,OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH qneH HanpaBJieHHll, TO ecTb
,li,OllOJIHHTe.llbHbrn qneH, COCTOllru;Hil: H3 r.naroJia ~. W,
@1, Ji, fU H T. ,!1,., H *· ~. HanpHMep ~*.r*, m~.
W* HT.,ll,.

00pll,li,OK CJIOB npH HCllOJlb30BaHHH COCTaBHOfO ,li,OllOJIHH-

TeJibHOfO qJieHa HanpaBJieHHll: 2/lQBHOe CJIOBO + CJlO:JICHblU
OonOJlHUmeJlbHblU 'lJleH HanpaBlleHUR. ] + OOnO!lHe-
HUe-JlOKQmUB + CJlO:JICHblU OOnOJlHUmeJlbHblU 'lJleH HanpaB-
JleHUR. 2.
rng[]wi] }t[fj~~o
pashang shan Iai zouxia lou qu
B3o6paTbCll Ha ropy cnycTHTbCll c aepxHero :na)Ka

3) CJIOBa H CJIOBOCoqeTaHHll, KOTOpbie MoryT BbiCTynaTb

B KaqecTBe CJIO)KHOfO ,li,OllOJIHHTeJibHOfO ~eHa HanpaB-
JieHHll:

a) rnaroJibl.

f~B~*~T
Xin yijlngjizou le.
0HCbMO ~e llOCJiaHO.
rna6a I. lflleHbl npei.Jno:»eeHUJl 185

ftl!._l_~~7
Ta shang lou qu Ie.
OH no~mmca Hasepx.

b) ,[(onOJIHHTeJibHbie CO'ieTaHHH.

f\:$:7fJi* 7 0 mr-1~3@7
Qiche kai guoqu !e. Yli xia qilai Ie.
MarnHHa npoexaJia. norneJI ~O~b.

4) Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe npH HCllOJib30BaHHH ~0-

llOJIHHTeJibHOf'O lJJieHa HanpaBJieHHH.

a) nocJie ~OllOJIHHTeJibHOfO lJJieHa HanpasJieHHH He MO)I(eT

CTORTb ~OllOJIHeHHe-JIOKaTHB.

llpaBUJlo 193.

0Ha nornna o6paTHO s o6me)I(HTHe.

tztf!.@l*1i3~7
Ta huiqu sushe Ie.

tztf!.@l1i3~~7
Ta hui sushe qu Ie.

8 npHBe~eHHbiX npe~JIO)I(eHHRX CKaJyeMOe fill

npHHHMaeT
npOCTOH ~OnOJIHHTeJibHbiH lJJieH HanpaBJieHHR -i;;. no3TOMY
~OllOJIHeHHe-JIOKaTHB .@% ~QJI)I(HO CTOHTb Me~y rnaro-
JIOM H npOCTbiM ~OllOJIHHTeJibHbiM lJJieHOM HanpasneHHa.
nopMOK CJIOB B ~aHHOM cnyqae 6y~eT: 2lla20Jl + iJonOJlHe-
11Ue-JlOKamU8 + npocmou iJonwmume.JlbHblU 'l.lle11 NanpaBJlemut.

BepHYTbCR ~OMOH no~HRTbCR HaBepX

@1*% [gJ __t*~ [gJ

huiqujia shanglai lou

@1%~ 0 __t~~ 0
huijia qu shang lou Iai
186 tfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

llpaBUJlO 194.

R su.n.en, KaK on sxo.n.HJI B 6u6nuoreK)'.

~% JA!. ft!?.)EJt!: -t;; 00 -=fYcg 7

Wo kanjian ta zou jinqu tushi.iguan le.

~% JA!.ft!?.)EJtt:OO-tHg~7 o
Wo kanjian ta zoujin tushi.iguan qu le.

B npuse.n.eHHbiX npe)J)Io:>KeHHHX CKa3yeMoe ~ npHHHMaeT

COCTaBHOH )J.ODOJIHHTeJibHbiH 'IJieH HanpasneHH.!I :itJ: $: , a
noroMy .n.ononHeHue-noKaTHB 00 f5 tB"
.n.on:>KHO 6hiTb no-
CTaBJieHo BHYTPh cocTaBHoro .n.ononHuTeJihHoro qneHa Ha-
npaBJieHHH, TO eCTb :itJ:OO.:fYcB$;.
llop.II)J.OK CJIOB npH O)J.HOBpeMeHHOM HCOOJib30BaHHH )J.ODOJI-
HHTeJibHOro 'IJieHa HanpaBJieHHH H )J.OOOJIHeHH.II-JIOKaTHBa:
CK(J3ye.Moe + cocma61lOU oonOJmumenbHblU 'l!leH HanpaBlle-
HUR. I + oonOJlHeHue-JlOKamU6 + cocma6HOU oonOJIHumenb-
HblU 'l!leH HanpaBlleHUR. 2.

R sepnyn KHHry s 6u6nuoTeK)'.

~re-t5~@1-t;;OO-t5tg7 0

Wo ba shu hai huiqu tushi.iguan le.

~re-t5~00-t5tg-t;; 7 0

Wo bli shu Mi hui tushi.iguan qu le.

On s3o6panc.si na ropy.

{t!?.~_t* 7 w 0

Ta pa shimglai shan le.

fm~wf*]7 0

Ta pa shangshan lai le.

b) .ll:ODOJIHHTeJibHbiH 'IJieH HanpasneHH.II He MO:>KeT CTO.IITb

nepe.n. rnaronoM.
Draea J. lflleHbl npeOllOOICeHtUl 187

Hpasww 195.

Mapu sepuynach B AnmHJO H3 Ku-rru~.

~BBfA~OOitl~OO§lT o
Mali c6ng Zhonggu6 dao YTnggu6 hui !e.
~BBJA~OO@I~~OOT o
Mali c6ng Zhonggu6 huidao Yinggu6 le.

KorAa HaAO Bbipa3HTh, 'ITO KTo-ro .1.\0CTM:r onpe~eneHHoro

MeCTa C llOMOI.QbiO ).\eHCTBH.II, HCllOJih3yeTC.II .1.\0llOJIHHTeJib-
HblH 'IJieH HanpaBJieHH.II. B npnse~eHHhiX npe.I.\JIO)((eHH.IIX
~U - ~onoJIHHTeJibHhiH 'IJieH HanpasneHH.II K marony @],
ll03TOMY OH ~OJI>KeH CTO.IITb llOCJie maroJia §1.

c) ,[(onoJIHeHHe He MO)((eT 6biTh nocTaaneHo nocne .1.\0non-

HHTeJibHOro 'IJieHa HanpaBJieHH.II Jt9*·
HpaBUJlO 196.

ToJibKO 'ITO noroAa 6bma eme xoporneH., a ceuqac

B.l.\pyr nomen .1.\0)(().\h.

~0;1-7C4.:if{l!~f. PJl~{E~?!rF~~ONT ~
Gangcai tianqi hai hen hao, ke xianzai tiiran xia
qilai yil le.

~lj/f7(4.:if{l!~f, P]"l_W.{E~~rliJf:N~T o 0
Gangcai tianqi Mi hen hiio, ke xianzai tiiran xiaqi
yu lai le.

B npnse).\eHHbiX npeMo>KeHH.IIX .lt9 *- cocTaBHOH .1.\0-

noJIHHTeJibHhiH 'IJieH HanpaaJieHH.II, llOKa3blBaiOI.QHH Ha'laJIO
H pa3BHTHe ).\eHCTBH.II -f. B ~aHHOM cnyqae ~onoJIHeHHe m
~OJI>KHO CTO.IITb Me)K).\y }tg H *·
188 tfacmb II. CuHmGKcuc

nopa~oK enos npu uenonb3osaHHH eoeTasHoro ~ononHu­

TenhHOro qneHa HanpasneHHa ~* u ~ononHeHua: mazOJl +
+ ~ + OOnOJIHeHUe + *·
HaqaTb quTaTb HaqaTb TaHuesaTh

:N~*-t5 ~ ~~~*~ ~
kanqilaishu tiao qilai wii

:N~-t5li 0 ~~~~li 0
kan qi shU Iai ti.ao qi wii Iai

d) B npe~nO)KeHuax e eoeTaSHbiM ~ononHHTenhHbiM qne-

HOM HanpaaneHHR r
-i:;: maron He MO)KeT npHHHMaTb ~0-
nonHeHHR.

llpaBUJlO 197.

XoTa y Mensr H B03HHKaeT MHoro enmKHOeTen, a see

paBHO 6y~y npo~omKaTb yqHTb KHTaUeKHM.

§~ft~~7ffl$m•. ~~a~~~~
&mr*o ~
Suiran wo yUdaole hen duo kunnan, danshi wo hai
yao xuexi hanyii xiaqu.

a~a~~7ffl$m•.m~&ma~~
~~~r*lo 0
Suiran wo yudaole hen duo kunnan, danshi hanyii
wo hai yao xuexi xiaqu.

3~eeb r ·*
llOKa3biSaeT pa3sume ~eiicTSHR "()]. B 3TOM
enyqae maronbHoe eKaJyeMoe He MO)KeT npuHuMaTb ~onon­
HeHue. Eenw ~ononHeHue Heo6xo~nMo, OHO MO)KeT 6biTb
noeTasneHO nepe~ no~ne)Kal.QHM. nopa~OK enos S TaKOM
enyqae 6y~eT: OOnO!lHeHUe + nOO!leJICGUjee + 2!lG20!l +
+ F*·
DwBa 1. lfneHbl npeonoJICeHUR 189

5I 6y)J.y npO)J.OJI)KaTb qJ-J:TaTb :ny KHHry.

fJt~~~*~*~o
Wo yao du xiaqu zhe ben shu.
~*-tSft~~r*o
Zhe ben shu wo yao du xiaqu.

Tbi )J.OmKeH npo)J.OJI)I(aTb :ny pa6ozy.

{~f~1~~ *~Jyti ft 0

NI de zuo xiaqu zhe xiang gongzuo.

~r:vti ftf~f~1~r '* 0

Zhe xiang gongzuO. nl de zuo xiaqu.

5. ~OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH B03MO){(HOCTH.

1) Onpe)J.eJieHHe.
CnoBo HJIH cnoBocoqeTaHHe, npHcOe)J.HHeHHoe K CKaJye-
MOMy, Bbipa){(eHHOMY maroJIOM HJIH npHJiaraTeJibHbiM,
)J.Jig )'TOqHeHHR, ll03BOJigT JIH cy6beKTHBHbie HJIH 06beK-
THBHbie yCJIOBHg )J.06HTbCg pe3yJibTaTa )J.eHCTBHg HJIH
llOJiyqHTCR JIH C llOMOI.l(blO )J.eHCTBHR peaJIH30BaTb HeKyJO
CHryaQHIO, Ha3biBaeTCR )J.OllOJIHHTeJibHbiM qJieHOM B03-
MO){(HOCTH.

2) ~onoJIHHTeJibHbiH qneH B03MO){(HOCTH HMeeT TPH cpopMbi:

a) fnaroJI + f{f/:lf' + )J.OllOJIHHTeJibHhiH qJieH pe3yJibTaTa/

)J.OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH HanpaBJieHHR.

~f~·ti~*~
kan de dong zhe ben shu
llOHRTb 3TY KHHry

llJT ~ r~ 1m 1¥1 ?3 if
ting bu qing ta de shengyin
He paccJihilllaTb ero ronoc
190 tfacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

b) r11aro11 + ~1/F + T
llZf~ 7 */1'7
chi de liao qu bu liao
MO'Ib CbeCTb He MO'Ib nOHTlf

c) rJiaroJI/npHJiaraTeJibHOe + ~~:;r-~.

*f~ ;@/f'f~
qu de ji bu de

3) CJIOBa H CJIOBOCO'IeTaHH}I, KOTOpbie MOfYT BbiCTynaTb

B pOJIH ,ll;OfiOJIHHTeJibHOfO 'IJieHa B03MO)I(HOCTH:

a) rJiarOJibl.

{tB~f~t~~J$:-t5o
Ta kim de dong zhe ben shu.
OH noHRJI :ny KHHry.

ft1J/G7Hl7
Wo da bu kai men le.
R He Mory OTKpbiTb .u;sepb.
b) llpHJiaraTeJibHble.

ft~/J'~f!o
Wo kim bu qingchu.
MHe He '!eTKO BH.ltHO.

1tl!.§l~f-fH~iE~ o
Ta huida de hen zhengque.
OH OTBe'!aeT o'!eHh TO'IHO.

C) ~OfiOJIHHTeJibHbie CO'IeTaHH}I.

1ti!.~/G _t '* 7
Ta pa bu shfmgqu le.
0

OH He CMO)I(eT 3aJie3Tb.
Dwea I. lfJleHbl npeOJlo;HCeHUR 191

$Jf~Jtt~o
Che kai de jinqu.
Marnli:Ha MO)I(eT BbexaTh.

4) Ha qTQ CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe npH HCI10Jlb30BaHllll

)J;OOOJIHHTeJihHOfO qJieHa B03MO)I(HOCTH.

a) OrcyrCTBHe )J;OOOJIHHTeJibHOfO qJieHa B03MO)I(HOCTH.

IlpaBUJlO 198.

Kor.a;a R TOJihKO npHexan B KHTau, R ue noHHMaJI

KHTaHCKOro.

fXJrJ*4t ~!¥Jilt{'*, !Jt~¥9:11JT't!HJU!L ~

Gang lai Zhonggu6 de shihou,wo hai mei trngdong
hanyu.

IX]rJ * 4t 00 I¥J a-t {r*, ft~ IIJT :IF 'ti & i!

Gang lai Zhonggu6 de shihou, wo hai ting bu dong
o 0
himyu.

B npHse.a;eHHhiX npe,D;JIO)I(eHHRX no)J;Jie)l(~ee ~ Bblpa)l(aeT

MbiCJib, qTo HeKOTOpbiH pe3yJibTaT llfr 'li ¥')( i,:g. He MO)I(eT
6biTb ,li;OCTllrH)'T 110,!1; BJIHRHHeM HeKoero cy6beKTHBHOf'O <l>aK-
TOpa Jlti¥J¥'J( i,:g.7J< Sffgt{!£. llOJTOMY 3,ll;eCh He06XO,ll;liMO liC-
110Jib30BaTh )J;OOOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH B03MO)I(HOCTH, qT06hi
Bbipa3HTh .a;auuoe 3HaqeuHe. B oTpHUaTeJibHOH <l>opMe Me)I(-
AY maronoM llfr H .a;onoJIHHTeJibHhiM qJieHoM •lfi ucnoJih-
3yeTcR :::f , TO eCTb lllf :::f'lfi.
0 spe.a;e eypeHHR ueJih3R nepecTaTb rosopHTb.

:fiB :mJ 1¥1 ~~:IF ~~-m7t 0

Chouyan de haichu buneng shuo wan.

:tm:mJ 1¥1 ~~~:IF id 0

Chouyan de haichu shuo bu wan.

192 £facmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B KOMHaTe He yc.R.n.eTc.R 30 qenoseK!

~~1[~~~~-f 30 Ao
Wiizl II bimeng zuoxia 30 ren.

~~mj~~rl3o Ao
Wiizl II zuo bu xia 30 ren.

b) HenpasRJJbHOe wcnoJJb30BaHRe .n.onoJJHRTeJJbHoro qJJeHa

803MOX<HOCTR.

llpa6Ullo 199.

Te6e HeJJb3H BbiXO.D.HTb, noKa He .n.o.n.enaernb .n.oMarn-

Hee 3a.D.aHwe.

1$:/f%1'F~. 1~t±:l/f~ 0

Zuo bu wan zuoye, nl chii bu qu.

1$: /f 7t 1'F ~' 1~/f ~~ttl~ 0

Zuo bu wan zuoye, nl bu neng chiiqu.

Kor.n.a HaM Tpe6yeTcH nepe.n.aTb 3Ha'leHwe «CJJe.n.yeT» RJJR «He

CJie.n.yeT» (MOX<HO RJJR HeJib3H), CTORT RCllOJib30BaTb rJiaroJI
~~ RJIR /f>~~' a He .D.OllOJIHRTeJibHbiH 'IJieH B03MOX<HOCTR
/F ~ nocne rnarona ttl.

Ha.n.o 6biTb socnHTaHHbiM, HeJJb3H pyraTbCH Ha mo.n.e».

J§Z*ijHL~J'G. ~/FT Ao
Yi"nggai jUing lirnao, rna buliiio ren.

J§Z~iit*L~J'G. /f~~~Ao
Yi"nggai jiang lirnao, buneng rna ren.
rJiaBa IIPOCTOE IIPE~JIOJKEHHE

2 ijiiij

OpocToe npe.u;no:lKemte - 3TO npe.u;JIO)!(emte, r.u;e ecTb

TOJibKO O,ll;HO cy6beKTHO-npe,ll;HKaTHOe coqeTaHHe HJIH TOJibKO
O,ll;HH npe,ll;HKaT.
C TO'{KH 3peHHH CTPYKTYPhi, npe.u;Jio:lKeHHH MO:lKHO pa3.u;e-
JIHTh Ha llOJIHhie ll HellOJIHbie, B CBOIO oqepe.n;b llOJIHbie pa3,ll;e-
JIHIOTCH Ha npe.u;JIO:lKeHHH C maroJibHbiM CKaJyeMbiM ll C npHJia-
raTeJibHbiM CKaJyeMbiM. HenoJIHbie, B csoiO oqepe.u;h, .u;eJIHTC}I
Ha npe,ll;JIO:lKeHH}I TOJibKO CO CKaJyeMbiM ll npe.u;JIO:lKeHHH, CO-
CTO}II.l(lle H3 o.u;Horo cnosa. PacnpocTpaHeHHbie oum6KH qacro
CJiyqaiOTC}I llpll llOCTpOeHHH npe,u;JIO:lKeHHH C maroJibHblM CKa-
3yeMbiM, OC06eHHO llpll HMeHHOM CKaJyeMOM ll B npe,ll;JIO:lKeHH-
}IX 6e3 no.u;Jie:lKal.l(ero.
C TO'{Kll 3peHH}I il>YHKUHH, npe.u;JIO:lKeHHH MO:lKHO pa3.n;eJIHTb
Ha yTsep.n.HTeJibHbie, sonpocHTeJihHbie, no6y.n.HTeJihHbie H soc-
KJIHQaTeJihHhie. 06bi'{H0 OUIH6KH ,ll;OllYCKaiOTC}I npH llOCTPOe-
Hllll BOllpOCHTellhHbiX npe.u;JIO:lKeHHH.

Pa30ell 1
fipe,LJ;JIOmeHIIH C rJiarOJibHbiM CKaJyeMbiM •

Z9J inJ iW i-B-iil

Onpe}J.eJieHHe

llpe)J.JIO:lKeHHe C maroJibHbiM CKaJyeMbiM - 3TO npe)J.JIQ:lKe-

HHe, B KOTOpOM B Ka'leCTBe CKaJyeMOfO BbiCrynaeT maroJI, Bbl-
pa:lKaiOI.l(HH .u;ei1cTBHe, yMcTBeHHYIO .u;eHeJibHOCTh HJIH H3Me-
HeHHe COCTO}IHll}l 'leJIOBeKa HJIH npe.n.MeTa.

7-115H
194 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

Ocuosuau cTpyJcrYpa

1. Oo,nJie:>Kall(ee + rJiafOJibHOe CKaJyeMOe.

itt1fJ ?'t):] 0

Women xuexi.
Mbl yqlfMCH.

2. Oo,nne:>Kall(ee + rJiafOJibHOe CKaJyeMOe + ,l{OllOJIHeHHe.

itt1I'J ?'t):] & i! 0

Women xuexi hfmyii.

Mbi yqHM KHTail:cKHil: H3biK.

3. Oo,nJie:>Kall(ee + rJiafOJibHOe CKaJyeMOe + KOCBeHHOe ,l{OllOJI-

HeHHe + npHMoe .n.ononHeHHe.

~ ~iP ~itt& i¥ 0
Liioshi jiao wo himyii.
Openo,nasaTe.r.b yqlfT HaC KI1TaHCKOMY H3biKy.

Ha •ITO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHMaHHe

DpH HCDOJIL30BaHHH npe.!(JIOiKCHHH
C rJiaroJILHLIM CKa3yeMLIM

1. ,[{onOJIHeHHe He ,l{OJI:>KHO CTOHTb BMeCTe C rJiafOJIOM.

OepeXO.D.HbiH rnaroJI MO:>KeT npHHHMaTb COOTBeTCTBYIOU(ee
.n.ononHeHHe. CooTBeTCTBHe Me:>K.ny rnaronoM H cymecT-
BI-neJibHbiM ycTaHaBJIHBaeTcH no CMbiCJiy. HanpHMep, rna-
ron pZ(eCTb) MO:>KeT npHHHMaTb TOJibKO Cyll(eCTBHTeJib-
Hbie, o6o3Haqawmue c'be,no6Hbie semH, TaKHe. KaK ~( e.na),
~ (OBOlll.ll), 7}( .* (iPPYKTbi), ffl (pbi6a), lJJ< tJt #f;
{Mopo:>KeHoe) H TaK .nanee. OH Hli:Kor.n.a He MO:>KeT npHHH-

semH, HanpHMep
(Tene~PoH) H T. ,n.
*
MaTb cymecTBHTeJibHbie, o6o3HaqaJOmHe Hecbe.n.o6Hbie
!k (.nepeso), *
T (cTon), Eg il5'
Dwea 2. Ilpocmoe npeiJJIO:J/CeHue 195

IlpaBUJlO 200.

Muome o~umcypcHHKH c~aBa.IIH HSK.

1~$[n]*~7 HSK ~lAo

Hen duo t6ngxue kiiole HSK kiioshi.

1~$[n]*~illl7 HSK ~lAo

Hen duo t6ngxue canjiale HSK kaoshi.

inaron ~ He co'!eTaeTC}I c ~ononHeHHeM ~-Ia\; maron,

KOTOpblH CO'IeTaeTC}I C ~-IJ\,- 3TO ~:1JJl.

IlpaBUJlO 201.

fi<;B'fx~ 7 -1'-IDtt~]j'-J~~:fLo
Wo zu6tian qule yi ge pengyou de hunn.

fi<;B'fx~JJo 7 -1'- M1R B<J~~iL o

Wo zu6tian canjiale yi ge pengyou de hunli.

fi<;B'fx~~1JIJ7 -1'-MiRB<J~~:fLo
Wo zu6tiari qu canjiale yi ge pengyou de hunll.

B KumaucKoM R3blKe ~ .MOJ/Cem moJlbKO npeowecmeoeamb

CJ!UiecmeumeJlbHO.MY, o6o3HQlla10UJe.MY Mecmo, HanpHMep "!f~
fit HJIH li!~!m. B npHse~eHHbiX npe~o)l(eHH}IX ~fL- 3TO
He o6o3Ha'!eHHe MecTa. XoT}I no-pyccKH MO)I(HO CKa3aTb
«llOHTH Ha CBa.D;b6y», 3TY <Ppa3y HeJib3}1 llOCJIOBHO nepeBeCTH
Ha KHTaHCKHH }13blK. lJiaroJI, CO'IeTaiO~HHC}I CO CJIOBOM ~
fL,- ~:1J!l. OocKOJibKY cJICl20Jl ~ .MOJ/Cem cottemambCJ/. c
Opy2U.Mu 2!lCl20Jla.MU, ro npaBHJibHO 6)?J.eT CKa3aTb ~~:b!l~fL.

11.D.TH Ha KOHI~epT

~~~ ~if*~
qu dianylng qu yinym!hui
7*
196 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

;gft!~ lljf-~;f,~
kim diimying ting yinyw!hul

Z;:;gft!~ Z;:ll}fif *~
qu kan dianying qu ting yinyuehui

llpaoUJlo 202.

5I comaceH c Hei1.
fitlJ:'l];gM?.o
W o t6ngyl tit

fit lJ:'lJ ;g M?. Ef{j ;g Ji!. 0

Wo t6ngyi ta de yljian.
Henb3}1 npgMo nepesecTH Ha KHTai1cKHil: }13biK <flpaJy «co-
maceH c Heif». Jlwmoe MecmoUMeHue, TaKoe KaK .ttl!!., He
Moxem cmmtmb noCJle 2!la20JW [fi];\t. BMecTo Hero Ha,n.o
OOCTaBli:Tb onpe,D;eJili:TeJibHOe CJIOBOCOqeTaHHe .t@. 8<J if.)\!.,
Ji31'JI'J 8<J ~yt liJill rJiaf'OJibHOe CJIOBOCoqeTaHlle ~_:k $ 't:::ld~.

llpa6UJIO 203.

5J y6e)l{)]:aiO ero 6pOCHTb KypHTb, HO OH MeH}I He C.JJ)'-

rnaeT.

fit~}] {tf!. J&;:Jm ' PJ Ji'dtf!. ::f lljf fit 0

Wo quan tajie yan, keshi tabu ting wo.

fit~{tf!.J&;:Jm' PJ ~{tf!.::flljffitEt-Ji! 0

Wo quan tajie yan, keshi tabu ting wo de hua.

HenpaBHJibHO nocJIOBHO nepeso.a;HTb Ha KHTail:cKHH }13biK
<flpa3y <<DOCJIYIIIaH MeH}I», TaK KaK HeJib3}1 npoCTO OOCTaBli:Tb
MeCTOHMeHHe !.!<; cpaJy nocne marona !Iff, nocJZe 3mo2o
2!la20lla Haoo cmaeumb C}'U/ecmeumeJlbHOe, TaKoe KaK -1!,
WlU UMeHHOe CJl060CO'lemaHue, HaDpli:Mep !IC;B<J-J!.
DlaBa 2. Ilpocmoe npeOJIO:J/CeHue 197

2. l13JUI.WH.SUI OOCTaHOBKa CKa3yeMOfO.

llpaoww 204.

Cero.n.H.SI y uac Be'lepHHKa.

~m4-x~Jfat~ 0

Womenjintian you kai wanhui.

~m4-x~at~ 0

Women jintian you wiinhui.

~1f14-x7fat~ 0

Women jintian kai wanhui.

B npHBe.n.eHHbiX npe.D.JIO)I(eHH.SIX ff H 1f o6a .SIBJI.SIIOTC.SI

rnaronaMH. OHH o6a co'leTaiOTC.SI c cywecTBli.TenhHhiM lit~.
Ho no npaBwta.M KumaitcKoit cpa.M.MamuKU He.Jlb3Jl ucnollb30-
Bamb OBa 2/lacOllbHblX CKa:J)'e.MblX OOHOBpe.MeHHO, 11aoo Bbl-
6pamb U3 HUX oono.

R HHTepecyiOCh KHTaHCKOH KYJihrypou.

~X'J~OO}({t~~~~o
Wo dui zhonggu6 wenhua you ganxingqu.

~X'J~OO}({t~~~o
Wo dui zhonggu6 wenhua you xingqu.

~xt~ 00}(1-t~~~o
Wo dui zhonggu6 wenhua ganxingqu.

3. He.n.ocTaToK .n.ononHeHH.SI.

llpaaww 205.

Mou yHHBepcHTeT - c 6oJihWHM KoJIH'IecTBOM cry-

.n.eHTOB H <l>aKyJihTeTOB.

~~*~~-~~m~*~~~~o ~
198 lfacm& Il. CuumaKcuc

Wo de daxue shi yi ge you hen duo xi he xuesheng

de.

f!tt¥J:*~~--t-1H~~ ~~o~1:.t¥JI:*~lo 0
Wo de daxue shi yi ge you hen duo xi he xuesheng
de daxue.

B npuBeoeml&lX npeo;w:JICeHWIX :Ro 6blcmynaem 6 ponu cKa-

3J'eMOZo; e :JmOM cJty'lae noiJJte:JICaUJee ooll:JICHO co'lemam&cll.
C oonOJmeHueM. ll03TOMY ,nononHeHHe A?¥:, KOTOpoe RBJUI-
eTCR OORCHeHHeM K no,nne:>Ka~eMy, ,nOnX<HO CTOJITh B KOHUe
npe,nnoX<eHHJI. EcnH He HcnonhlOBaTh :Ro B KalleCTBe cKa-
3yeMoro, Mbl MO:>KeM 3aMeHHTh ero Ha :ff H CKa3aTh l}t(J'.Jj;:
?¥::frill~ *~?¥:1::.

4. .[(ononHeHHe, o6o3Haqaro~ee qenoseKa, He MO)KeT CTORTh

nocne .nononHeHHR, o6o3HallaiD~ero npe,nMeT.

llpa6UJIO 206.

MapH MHe .nana KHHry.

~BB~-*-=f5!1to
Mali gei yi ben shU wo.

~BB~!It-*-t5lo
Mali gei wo yi ben shii.

Tlla20Jl ~ MO:JICem npUHlJ.Mam& 06a oononneHWl, nepeoe U3

Komop&u: o6o3Ha'laem 'lell06eKa, Bmopoe - npeoMem.
llo-pyccKH Mbl MO:>KeM CKa3aTh «MapHR ,naeT KHHry MHe», HO
TaKYIQ ~pa3y Henh3R nocnOBHO nepeBO.nHTh «a KHTaHCKHH
R3h!K. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, liTO B COOTBeTCTBHH C KHTaH-
CKHM nopR.LJ.KOM enos npe.nnoX<eHHe .non:>KHO BhirnR,neTh KaK
«MapHK ,ll.aeT MHe KHHry».

5. CnyqaH HenpaBHnhHOro Hcnonb30BaHHR .nsouHoro .nonon-

HeHH.R.
Draea 2. Ilpocmoe npeOllo:»eeHue 199

HpaBUJIO 207.
Mapn KyiiiDia MHe KHHry.

~I'JI9~Tft-:l$:-=t5o
Mali maile wo yi ben shii.

~BB~ft~T -:<$:45o
Mali gei wo maile yi ben shii.
flo-pyccKH MO)KHO CKa3aTb «MapHH KYIIHJia MHe KHHfY», HO
HenpaBHnhHO IIOCnOBHO nepeBO,ll;HTb TaKyiO $pa3y Ha KH-
TaHCKHU H3biK. fltazOJI ~ He MO:JK:em npUHUMGmb noCJie ce-
6R. oea oonoJIHeHWI.. B ,n;aHHOM cnyqae cne,n;yeT ncnonb30BaTb
npe,ll;JIOr ~ BMeCTe C ft. 06pa30BaHHOe KOCBeHHOe ,ll;O-
IIOnHeHHe CTaBHTCH nepe,n; maronbHbiM CKa3yeMbiM ~- fna-
ron ~ TaK)Ke He MO)KeT IIpHHHMaTh IIOCne ce6H ,IJ;Ba ,ll;OIIOn-
HeHHH.

MaMa uarrncaJia MHe IIHChMO.

wHW~ T ft-!4"1* o
Mama xie le wo yi reng xin.

~1b~1b~ft~ T -t-t1* o
Mama gei wo xie le yi reng xin.

Pa30ell 2
llpe~JIO~CHHH C HMCHHLIM CKa:JyeMLIM •
%$iPJiWi1tiiJ

Onpe~eJieuue

flpe,n;no)KeHHe C HMeHHbiM CKa:JyeMbiM - :no npe,ll;JIO)KeHHe,

B KOTopoM B ponn CKa:JyeMoro BhicrynaeT rrpnnararenbuoe,
OIIHCbiBaH IIpH3HaK qenoBeKa HnH rrpe,n;MeTa.
200 lJacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

OcuosuaH cTpyKI)'pa
OcHoBHoe CTpoemle TaKoro npe,IJ;no)!(eHuSI: no,IJ;ne)!(amee +
npunaraTem:.Hoe CKaJyeMoe.

Huar piaoliang.
I..(BeTOK KpaCUBbiH.

Ha WJTO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHMauue

npu ucnoJIL3osauuu npe.z.Jio~euuii
C DpHJiaraTCJILHLIM CKaJyeMbiM
1. J13RHIUHSISI llOCTaHOBKa ;Ji'o.

HpaBwzo 208.

Jiyra BHYfpeHHei1 MoHronuu ell\e Kpacuoee, qeM .sr

npe.l(CTaon.srn.

pg ~ti!l:&t ~ ~ l::t fl<;~;®!_fi<J £~ 0

Neimenggu caoyuan shi bi wo xiangxiang de geng

mei.

pg ~ tl:&t ~ l::t fJ<:f.t't ;®!_fi<J £~

0

Neimenggu caoyuan bi wo xiangxiang de geng

mei.

06biqHo B npe,IJ;llO)!(eHH.slX C npunaraTellbHbiM CKaJyeMbiM He

HCUOllb3yeTC.sl ~ B KaqeCTBe CKaJyeMOfO. :Ro MO)!(eT 6b1Tb
nocTaoneHo B oco6oM KOHTeKCTe, KaK BBO,IJ;Hoe cnoao co
3HaqeHUeM «,IJ;eHCTBHTellbHO», «npas,IJ;a».

A: ft!?.i%'in!b? (Ta gao rna? OH BbiCoKui1?)

B: ft!?. i%'1 o (Ta gao. ,ZJ;a.)

A: ft!?.=1':J!1&i%'J, X'JPE.? (Ta biishi hen gao, dui ba? OH oe,IJ;b

He oqeHb BbiCOKHH?)
Draea 2. flpocmoe npeOilO:JICeHue 201

B: ft!?.Hd~~·o (Ta shi hen gao. HeT, oH )l.eiicTBHTenbHo

BbiCOKHH.)

flpa6UJIO 209.

3Ta py6arnKa rmoxax.

JS:ftf:*t*3/FJ!M o
Zhe jian chenshan bu shi hao.

JS:ftf:H*3/l'Mo
Zhe jian chenshan bu hao.

B npHBe)l.eHHhiX npe)l.JIO)KeHHJIX ~f - npHnaraTeJibHoe B

pOJIH CKa.JyeMOfO. /JllR o6pa306QHUR ompuztameJlbHOU t/JOp.Mbl
=1'cmaeumcR npRMo neped npwwzameJlbHbl.M, 6e3 nocma-
H06KU nOCJle Hezo ~ =1'.
ECJIH :M
CTOHT nepe)l. Ha- =1',
npHMep :J!ftJ:+f:f3~=1'~f, OHO TaK)Ke 6y)l.eT HMeTb 3HaqeHHe
BBO)l.HOfO CJIOBa: «3Ta py6aliiKa )l.eHCTBHTeJibHO Hexopo-
rna» - H npH npOH3HeCeHHH BCJIYX Ha ~ )l.OJI)KHO na)l.aTb
<!Jpa.Josoe y)l.apeHHe.

2. I13JIHliiHJIJI noCTaHOBKa i¥J.

flpaBUJIO 210.

TaM oqeHh KpacHshle neiha)KH.

JJ~JLI¥JJX\.~~~1t9€1¥J o
Nar de lengjing reichang mei de.

JJ~ JL1¥1 JX\.~ ~~ 1t ~ o

Nar de rengjing reichang mei.

B npeollo:J~Cenuu c npunazameJibHblM CKa3YeMblM i¥J He

ooll:JICHo cmoRmb e KOHlfe npeoJlo:JICeHUR. Kor)l.a )Ke HcnoJib-
JyeTCH KOHCTPYKQHH M... !'f.J, HanpHMep Jj~)[.i¥J)Xl.:!Ji:~1~
1t ~ i¥J, OHa HCnOJib3yeTCJI )l.JIJI nO)l.qepKHBaHHH KaKOfO-TO
CMhiCJia.
202 lJacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

Pa30ell 3
llpe~Jio~eHHH 6e3 no~Jie~amero • 7C.±ii]
CTpyKzypa npe,rviO)KeHH.Il 6e3 no.l(ne)Ka~ero: CKa.JyeMoe +
+ .l(OOOnHeHHe.
J51JJX\. T
Gua reng le.
no.l(yn seTep.

~_LilT
Gai shimg ke le.
napa Ha ypoK.

PacnpocTpaueuuax omn6Ka npn ncnonh30BaHHH TaKHX

npe.l(nO)KeHHH - H3nHmH.Il.ll OOCTaHOBKa OO,l(ne)K~ero.

Hpaaullo 211.
nomen .l(O)K.l(b.

~~-~To
Tian xia yii le.

~llillT
Xia yii le.

no-pyCCKH Mbl I'OBOpHM «nomen .l(O)K.l(h», HO 00-KHTaHCKH

Mbl HHKOr,l(a He CKa)KeM f:mr T npn o6CJ)I(.l(eHHH OOI'O.l(bl
HeT Ha,l{OOHOCTH CTaBHTb OO,l(Jle)K~ee, uanpHMep -'ft:._ HJIH f:m.
Heo6XO.l(HMO TOnbKO CKa.JyeMOe, KaK B npe.l(JIO)KeHH.IIX rf-NT
HnH ~Ij}X\. T

Oo.l(yn seTep. OporpeMeJI q:foM.

~151JJXl T IRI ~n~T IRI

Tian guareng le. Tian dalei le.

J51JJX\. To 0 H~To 0
Guateng le. Dalei le.
Dla6a 2. Jlpocmoe npeOJIOJICeHue 203

HpaBUJlO 212.
ilopa Ha 38HHTHe.

B ~J: iW: I¥J ll1 fBJ T o

Ta shi shang ke de shfjian le.

*<J:i!lT
Gai shang ke le.

PyccKM KOHCTPYKQHH «nopa ••. » MO)I(eT nepeBO.ll.HTbCH Ha

KHTaikKHii c noMOI.QbiO
no.n.ne)l(aiJ.J.ee Heo6H3aTeJibHO.
*··· T, H B TaKOM npe.n.no)l(eHHH

ilopa eCTb. ilopa OT,ll.OXH)'Tb.

B ~ rJZ; 11i I¥J 1!1 fBJ T ~ B~f*,~,I¥JIJ1faJ To (g)

o

*<r!Z;'Oi To 0 *<f*,~,T 0

Pmoell 4
BonpocHTeJihHble npe~JimKeHHH • ~ 1111 1:iJ

Onpe~eneuue

Ope,ll.nO)I(eHHe, B KOTOpOM 3a,ll.8eTCH BOOpOC, Ha3blBaeTCH

BOOpOCHTeJibHblM npe,ll.JIO)I(eHHeM.

THULl H CTPYKTYP8
1. BonpocHTenbHbie npe.n.no)l(eHHH c qacTHQeii ll!?J.

00,ll.Jie)I(8IJ.J.ee + CKa3yeMOe + (.ll.OllOJIHeHHe) + ll!?J?

1$~~t~A~?
Ni shi Beijlngren rna?
TbineKHHeQ?
204 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

2. BonpocHTeJibHbie npe)l.JIO)I(eHH.Il c sonpocHTeJibHbiMH Me-

CTOHMeHH.IIMH.
fiO)l.Jie)l(all{ee (sonpOCHTeJibHOe MeCTOHMeHHe) + CKaJye-
MOe?

fffi11'J ~ P)J~) L?
Tamen qu nar?
Ky)l.a OH nomen?

3. YTsep)l.HTenbHO-oTpHQaTenbHa.ll Q>opMa o61l.(ero sonpoca.

1) flo)l.Jie)l(all{ee + CKa3yeMoe + :11'1& + cKa3yeMoe +
+ ()l.ononHeHHe)?
1$~/F~~t*?
Ni qu bii qu Beijing?
Tbi noe)l.eillb B fleKHH HJIH HeT?

2) flo)l.Jie)l(all{ee + CKa3yeMoe + )l.ononHeHHe + :11'1& +

+ CKaJyeMoe?
f$~~t*/F~?
NT qu Beijing bU qu?
Tbi noe)l.eillb B fleKHH?

4. AnbrepHaTHBHbiH sonpoc c Hcnonb30BaHHeM :iE~.

1) flo)l.ne)l(all{ee + CKaJyeMoe 1 + ()l.ononHeHiie 1) + J;fH: +
+ CKaJyeMoe 2 + ()l.OnOJIHeHHe 2)?
f$7l6ZJL~~~jj~JL?
Ni lai zher haishi qu nar?
Tbi npH)l.eillb CIO)l.a HJIH nou)l.eillb ry)l.a?

2) flo)l.Jle)l(all{ee 1 + CKaJyeMoe 1 + ()l.ononHeHHe1) + J;f)jl +

+ no)l.Jie)l(all{ee 2 + CKaJyeMoe 2 + ()l.ononHeHHe 2)?
1Jt -t; ~ ~ ft!?. ~?
Wo qu haishi ta qu?
5I nOH)l.y :HJIH OH?
DwBa 2. flpocmoe npeono:J/CeHue 205

3) f1o,ll,Jie)!(al..l.\ee + o6cToxTeJibCTBO 1 + CKa3yeMoe I +

+ (.ll.OllOJIHeHHe) + ~I: + o6CTO.IITeJibCTBO 2 + CKaJyeMoe 2?
·~m ~ ~~jf~J§~~?
Women mingtian qu haishi houtian qu?
Mbi noe,11,eM 3aBTpa HJIH nocJie3asTpa?

5. BonpocHTeJibHbie npe,ll,JIO)!(eHH.Il c Hcnonh30BaHHeM J!~J!.

1) f1o,ll,Jie)!(aiJ.J.ee + J!~J! + CKaJyeMoe + (.ll.ononHeHHe)?

f1B~=1'~* T?
Ta shi bu shi lai le?
OH qm, ~e npmnen?

2) J!~J! + no,ll,Jie)!(aiJ.J.ee + CKaJyeMoe + (.ll.ononHeHHe)?

~=1'~f1B* T?
Shi bu shi ta lai Ie?
qTo, OH ~e npHmen?
3) f1o,li,Jle)!(al..l.\ee + CKaJyeMoe + (.ll.ononHeHHe) + J!~J!?

f1B*T ~=1'~?
Ta !aile shi bu shi?
OH npHmen, ,11,a?

6. BonpocHTeJibHhie npe,ll,JIO)!(eHH.Il c HcnoJib30BaHHeM qacTHUbi

ll}E.

1) Cnoso + P}E?

tzlBilM?
Tane?
AoHa?
2) CnosocoqeTaHHe + ll}E?

~I¥J-t51lM?
Wo de shU ne?
A Mox KHHra?
206 lfacmb Il CuHmaKcuc

7. BonpocHTeJihHhie npe.n;no:>KeHHH c ucnoJih308rumeM Hape1IHH

~-
I) no.n;Jie:>KaiJ.J.ee + ~ + CK83yeMoe (npunaraTeJibHOe)?

f1B$~?
Taduo gao?
KaKoro OH pocTa?
2) no.n;Jie:>KaiJ.J.ee + :ff + ,!I;OOOJIHeHHe (~ + npunaraTeJib-
HOe)?

fm:ff$~?
Ta you duo gao?
CKOJihKO 8 HeM pocTa?

Ha •ITo CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHManue

DpH HCDOJIL30B3HHH
BODpOCHTCJILHLIX npe;:J;JIO~CHHH

1. BonpOCUTeJibHbie MeCTOUMeHUH He MOryT CTOHTh 8 HaiJaJie

npe.n;no:>KeHUH.

IlpaBUilO 213.

KaK OH ro80pHT Ha KHTaiicKoM?

~~f¥11B ~& i1HJH~-?

Zenmeyimg ta shuo himyii shuo de?

fm i.#. & i~H.#. 1~ ~ ~ f¥?

Ta shuo hanyii shuo de Zenmeyang?

HeJib3j{ OOCJI08HO nepe80,!I;UTh Ha KUTaHCKUH QlP83Y «KaK OH

ro8opUT Ha KUT8HCKOM?». 8 npu8e.D;eHHhiX npe.D;JIO:>KeHUHX
~.Z.tf - 800pOCJ-lTeJibHOe MeCTOUMeHHe. flopROOK CJl08 8
npeoJZoJ/CeHuu c 8onpocume!lbHblM MecmoUMeHUeM maKou
xe, KaK u 8 coom8emcm8y10Uf,eM ym8epaumeJZbHOM npeoJZo-
J/CeHuu. Bonpocume!lbHble MecmoUMeHUR. OO!lJICHbl cma-
Dzaea 2. llpocmoe npeo;w:»eeHue 207

BumbCR maM, zae 8 ymeepiJumenbHOM npeO!lWICeHuu 6y0em

cmomnb om8em Ha HUX, a He 8 H(JIIaJle npeOllW/Cemm. OmeT Ha
.l\aHHbiH sonpoc 6y.!{eT:1tl?.i$?.¥XmiJU-t~41Hf IDIH {t!?,i$i~i-M-i3?.
~~_i<;:~f H T. .!{. fi03TOM)' MeCTOHMeHHe :m~tf .!{OJDKHO
CTOJITb TaM )l(e, r.!{e H {j,Uf HJIH ~ _i<;:M. 06paTHTe BHHMa-
HHe Ha pa.3HHizy nOpMKa CJIOB B pyCCKOM H KHTaHCKOM Jl3biKax.

-Jlpa6URO 214.

r)J,e Tbl C06HpaelllbCJI nyrellleCTBOBaTb?

19J~JLf~~~~mf?
Nar ni yao qu Ifiy6u?

1~~~~mJPJj~JL?
Ni yao qu Ifiy6u Nar?

f~~~I9J~JL~mJ?
Ni yao qu Nar Iily6u?

flo-pyCCKH Mbl MO)I(eM CKa:JaTb «Ky.!{a Te6e XOTeJIOCb 6bi llO-

exaTb nyrerneCTBOBaTb?», HO HeJib3JI nepeBO)J,HTb :ny 4lpa.3y
Ha KHTaHCKHH JI3biK llOCJIOBHO. B KumQUCKOM Jl3blKe oonoll-
HeHue OOJl:JICHO cmomnb noCJle 2JU120Jla. nocKOJibKY l*ibf -
HenepeXO.!{HbiH maroJI, HHKaKOe )J,OllOJIHeHHe He MO)I(eT CTQ-
JITb nocne Hero. TaK KaK £: - nepexo.!{Hbiii maron, OH Mo-
)l(eT npHHHMaTb CJIOBa, 0603Ha'iaiOIII,He MeCTO, ll03TOMY .!{0-
llOJIHeHHe PJj~) L .l\OJI)I(HO CTOJITb nocne marana £:.

2. 06CTOJITeJibCTBO MeCTa He MO)I(eT 6biTb llOCTaBJieHO B KOHJ.~e

BOllpOCHTeJibHOro npe.!{JIO)I(eHHJI.

llpa6UJlO 215.

r)J,e KYllHTb 6HJieT B lllamrni1?

~ J:J~ ~ ;m{:E P)j~) L?

Qu Shanghai mai piao zai nar?
208 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

~J:~:tEP)J~JL~~?
Qu Shanghai zai nar rnai piao?

B npHse.D,eHHhiX npeMo:>KeHHj(X :{EPJj~JL -

o6cTOj(TeJihCTBO
MeCTa. Oo npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH o6cmoRme.Jlb-
Cm60 Mecma 6 6onpocumenbHOM npeoJZOJ/CeHuu OO!lJICHO
cmoRmb nepeo 2llCl20llOM, a He 6 KOHtfe 6onpocumenbH020
npeoJZoJ/CeHUR.

[.D,e Thl qHTaeUih KHHry?

f~~ ~ :tE ft -z,. ±1!!1i?

Ni kan shii zai shenme dirang?

f~:tE ft -z,. ±!!! 1i~ ~?

Ni zai shenrne dirang kan?

0HH HrpaiOT B <j:>yr6oJI Ha CTa.D,HOHe?

1mm ~ :F3}(:tE 1*:l:m ll!?J?
Tarnen ti qiii zai caochang rna?

fm11'J :tE 1*:l:m ~ :F3}( ll!?J?

Shii tarnen zai caochang ti qiii rna?

3. J13JIHUIHj(j( IIOCTaHOBKa ~.

llpaeuno 216.

Tbi czy.D,eHT BToporo Kypca HJIH TpeThero?

~~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~? ~
Nl shi er nianjf de xuesheng haishi shi san nianjf de
xuesheng?

~~=~~~~~~~=~~~~~? 0
Nl shi er nianjf de xuesheng haishi san nianjf de
xuesheng?
D10ea 2. llpocmoe npeOJJWICeHue 209

flpHBe~eHHhle npe~JIO)I(eHIDI - aJihTepHaTHBHbie BOOpOCbl CO

CBR3KOH if;!!. Cm03 if;!! coe~HHReT maronhi ;I!. Ho MR
6nar<:>3syqug B no~o6HbiX npeMO)I(eHHRX o6brqHo ucnonh-
3YJOT TOJlbKO O~HO ;J!. ll03TOMY He Ha;:{O J'OBOpHTb ifno;J!.
Tbr nhelllb Ko<Pe HJIH qau?

f$~~P}Jn~HE~~~~?
Ni shi he katei haishi shi hecha?

f$~~1Wn~~~~~~?
NI shi he katei ha.ishi hecha?

4. flyTaHHIJ.a Me~ pa3HbiMH THOaMH BOOpOCHTeJihHblX npe~­

JIO)I(eHHH.

llpa6UJW 217.

Tbr npe~noqHTaelllb KHTaHCKYJO KYXHIO HJIH 3aDMH)'lO?

f$uzr:F~~?~~uziffi~ll£?
NI chi zhongcan rna? Haishi chi xican ne?

f$uzr:f~CllJH), ~~uziffi~ll£?
NI chi zhongcan (na), haishi chi xican ne?

Oum6Ka B npuse~eHHhiX npe~JIO)I(eHHRX 3aKmoqaeTCR B o~­

HOBpeMeHHOM HCOOJib30BaHHH ~BYX THOOB BOnpoca: o6mero
H aJibTepHaTHBHOro. flo 3HaqeHHIO npHBe~eHHblH BOOpOC -
:no aJlbmepHamueHblU eonpoc c coi030M :kE ;I!. B TaKOM
cnyrme iJocmamo'IHO npocmo 3anRmou e KOHl{e nepeou I.Jac-
1 mu wtu :JICe nepeiJ 3anRmou MO:JICHO nocmaewnb 'Jacmu1fY P~.

llpaBUJW 218.

Tbr noi1~ernh B l1x3IOaHh HJIH B E3uxau?

1$ ~ ~~u !ill~~~~ 1tl1: 01ill fib?

NI qu Yiheyuan haishi Beihai Gongyuan rna?
210 r.Jacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

f$~W!~Im~!!~~~~~?
NT qu Yiheywin haishi Beihai Gongyuan?

{$~1ijl~~J,IJ!~~~~~~~}t/PI!nJ?
· Ni qu Yiheyuan haishi Beihai Gongyuan ne/a?

lil?J HHKOr)J.a He )J.OJDKHa CTaBHTbC.II B KOHQe a.JibTepHaTHBHOIU

aonpoca c COI030M if!!. Ho npaBHJibHbiM 6y.n.eT nocTaBHTb
B KOHQe TaKOro BOnpoca llaCTHQY p~ HJIH IIJiiJ.
rJJaBa llPE~JIOiKEHIDIC OCO.IibiM
rJIArOJibHbiM CKA3YEMbiM
3
~¥* 1¥1 Z;fj WJ i~ i-itiD

Ope.D;JIO)I(eHHg C OC06biM mafOJibHbiM CKa3yeMbiM BKJIIO-

'IaJOT npe.D;JIO)I(eHHg C ~' npe.D;JIO)I(eHHg C 1f", npe.n;JIO)I(eHHg C
nocne.n;oBaTeJibHhiMH maroJihHbiMH KOHCTPYKUH"MH, ocesbre
npe.D;JIO)I(eHHg, npe.D;JIO)I(eHHg cymecTBOBaHHg, npe.D;JIO)I(eHHg
C 1E H npe.n;JIO)I(eHHg C ;ffl{.

Pa30ell 1
flpe,[t:JIO~eHHB C ~ • "~"~lD

Onpe.a:eneHHe

Ope.D;JIO)I(eHHg C ~ - :no TaKHe npe.n;JIO)I(eHHg, r.n;e rnaroJI

~ BbiCrynaeT B pOJIH CKa3yeMOfO )I;Jlg Bblpa)l(eHHg C~.D;eHHg,

OcHOBHa·B cTpyKTypa

Oo.n;Jie)l(all{ee + ~ + .D;OOOJIHeHHe.
*. E ~ff-.
1X. J:E ::r ::1::.. 0
Wo shi xuesheng.
5I cry.n;eHT.

Ha "'ITO CTOHT ofipaTHTL BHHMaHHe

npH HCUOJIL30BaHHH npe,[t:JIO~eHHH C ~

1. 00.D;Jie)l(all{ee He MO)I(eT 6biTb BblpiDKeHO npe.n;JIO)I(HOH KOH-

CTpyKQHeH.
212 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

IIpa8UJlO 219.

PR.D.OM c yuwsepcHTeTOM - .D.Opora.

:tE:X~a<J~:iii~-~~~~0
· Zai daxue de pangbian shi yi ti<io malu.

A~ffJ~:Jii~~~~~o
Daxue de pangbian shi yi tiao malu.
B npnse)l.eHHbiX npe.D.JIO)KeHHRX c fi!:: :7\:~I¥J5¥:ift - o6o-
3uaqeune MecTa, BbrcrynaiO~ee s poJIH no)l.Jie)Ka~ero. Ho,
Kozoa Cll06ocottemaHue co 3HatteHue.Ju MecmoHaxo:J/COeHUR
6blcmynaem 6 po!lu noO!le:>ICaUJezo, .npeOJIOZ :tE
He MO:J/Cem
cmoRmb nepeo HUM 6 Hatt(JJle npeO!lo:J/CeHUR.

2. HenpasHJibHOe ncnoJih3osaune fi!::.

IIpa8UJlO 220.

Oua pR.D.OM co Muoit

:tztB~3:!t~:iii
Ta shi wo pangbian.
:tztB:tE3:!t~:iii
Ta zai wo pangbian.
5¥:ift, Koropoe
B npnse)l.eHHbiX npe.D.JIO)KeHHRX .D.ODOJIHeune
o603HaqaeT MeCTOHaxO)K)I,eHHe, He MO)KeT OTO)K)I,eCTBJIRTbCR
C OO)l.Jie)Ka~HM ttt!!,, o603HaqaiO~HM qeJIOBeKa. no-pycCKH
MO)KHO CKa3aTb «oua (eCTb) pR.D.OM co MHOH», uoppu nepe-
6oOe Heo6xooUMo o6pamumb 6HU.!IWHue, ttmo ZJWZO.ll {£ 6
oaHHOM cllyttae 6yoem 6bzcmynamb 6 pollu cKa3yeMozo 6Me-
cmo ;llk. TaK npoucxooum 6cezoa, Kozoa Mbl xomUM cKa-
3amb, ttmo Kmo-mo WIU ttmo-mo HaxooumcR 6 onpeOe.lleH-
HOMMecme.
Dtaea 3. flpeoJio:J/Cemm c oco6blM 2ll020llbHblM CK03)'eMblM 213

Kuura ua cTone .

.:t=H~:* -r: .1: o

ShU shi zhuozi shimg.

4=5 tE *-r: .1:

ShU zai zhuozi shang.
0

3. He.IJ:OCTaTOK ~-
llpaBUJto 221.

Mou 6paT - oqeHI. yMHhiH qenoBeK.

~~~1~a~.aJHI'-JAo
Wo gege hen congming de ren.

~~~:Ji!:1~~a] I¥1Aa
Wo gege shi hen congming de ren.

B npuBe.IJ:eHHbiX npe.IJ:JIOJKeHmix ueT rnaroJibHOro CKa.JyeMo-

ro. fnaron ~ .IJ:OJIJKeu 6biTb ucnOJib3oaau nocne no.IJ:JieJKa-
mero, KOr.IJ:a CKa.JyeMoe xapaKTepu3yeT, KeM HJIH lJeM »BJI»-
eTc» OO.IJ:JieJKamee.

Pa30ell 2
flpe,LI:}IOiKCHHB C fl • "fl".<J:ii.J
Onpe.IJ:eJieuue
Ope.IJ:JIOJKemt» c 1f - 3TO npe.IJ:JIOJKeHH», B KOTOpbiX tf
BbicrynaeT B ponu CKa.JyeMoro, BbipaJKa» 3Haqeuue cymecTBO-
BaHH» HJIH 06Jia.IJ:aHH».

OcuosnaBcTpyKTypa
Oo.IJ:Jie)J(amee + 1f + .IJ:Ononueuue.
214 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

~flWJ:JI4o
Wo you cidian.
Y MeHR eCTb CJIOBapb.

Ha •no CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHManue

npu HCUOJib30BaHUH npe~JIO~eHHH C fl
1. He.u.ocTaTOK :ff.
llpaBUJlO 222.

CMoTpeTb TeJieBH30p - 3To O'leH& noMoraeT MHe

UOBbiiUaTb ypoBeHb ay,D.HpOBaHHR.

ti~~~~-~~h*~m*~MMo ~
Kan dianshi dui wo tfgao tingli shuiping hen dade
bangzhu.

ti~~~~-~~h*~fim*~MMo 0
Kan dianshi dui wo tigao tingli shuiping you hen
da de bangzhu.

B npwse.u.eHHbiX npe.D.Jio:>KeHHRX Me:>K,D.y npe.u.no:>Kuoii KOHCT-

PYKQHeH ~~1j!~llfrJJ7K~ H cnosoco<IeTaHHeM tlt::kl¥1
f1I .fiJJ He XBaraeT rnarona. 3.u.ec& cne.u.yeT noCTaBHTb rnaron :ff.

2. l13JIHUIHRR llOCTaHOBKa ff.

llpaeUJlo 223.

B'lepa y MeHR 6one.rra ronooa.

a'F::R~:ff ~:1¥0
Zu6tian wo you t6uteng.

a'F ::R ~~ :1¥ 0

Zu6tian wo t6uteng.
TJ1a6a 3. flpeiJ!IOJ/CellllJl C OC06biM 2Jia20.~bHbiM CKQ3)leMbiM 215

Xon1 Mhl H MO)I(eM no-pyccKH cKa:JaTh «B'Iepa y MeHR 6hma

fOJIOBHaSI 60Jib», :ny $pa3y He CJie,IJ,yeT nepeBO,IJ,HTb Ha
KHTaHCKHH OOCJIOBHO. fnarOJI :fJ npHHHMaeT cyll(eCTBH-
TeJibHOe HJIH HMeHHOe CJIOBOCO'IeTaHHe, HO B npHBe,IJ,eH-
HbiX npe,D,JIO)I(eHH»X ~ ~ - fJiarOJibHOe CJIOBOCO'IeTa-
HHe, KOTOpoe CaMO 00 ce6e MO)I(eT BbiCrynaTb B pOJIH CKa-
3yeMOfO.

Y MeH» TeMneparypa. Y MCH$1 6oJIUT 3y6

(3y6uaR 6om.).

fjt:ff~~o rRI fJt :ff 3.f ~ 0 rRI

Wo you fiishao. Wo you ya teng.

fX~~o 0 ft3.f~o 0
Wo fiishao. Woya teng.

3. 0TpHU.aHHe He MO)I(eT 6biTb OOCTaBJieHO OOCJie 1'f.

IlpaBUllO 224.

Y MeH» ecTh KapTa KHTaR, uo HeT KaJYfhi Mupa.

ft :ff r:f 00 :l:t!?. 00 , PI fJt :ff ~ i!t JT- :l:il! 00 o
Wo yol! Zhonggu6 ditu, ke wo you mei shijie ditu.
ft :ff r:f 00 :l:t!?. 00 , PI ft ~ :ff i!t JT- :l:il! 00 o
Wo you Zhonggu6 ditu, ke wo mei you shijie ditu.

Oo-pycCKH Mbl MO)I(eM CKa3aTh «y MeHR HeT HHKaKOH KapTbl

MHpa», HO 6 KumaUCKOM Jl3b!Ke ompUijGHUe ~ 6Ce20a
cmoum nepeo 1f. KpoMe Toro, HHKOr,IJ,a HeJib3» rosopHTh /F
1f, TaK KaK ompuijameJlbHOU rjJopMOU 1f Jl6.JmemCJl mOJlbKO
cottemaHue ~1f.
216 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

Pa30eJl 3
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llpaBUJlO 225.

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llpa6UJlO 226.

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llpa6UJIO 227.

R aqepa XO}].HJI B KMHO CMOTpeTb <PHJibM.

~II'F:K* Et!~~JG~--t- Et!~ 7
Wo zu6tian qu dianyingyuan kan yi ge dianying !e.
218 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

ftB'F~~~t~~l;g71--t-~t~o
Wo zu6tian qu dianyingyuan kanle yi ge dianying.

B npnae.[(eHHhiX npe)J)IO)KeHIUIX c nocJie.[(oBaTeJihHhiMH ma-

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nocTaBHTh nocne BTOporo marona.

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~-=t5h!i~-*-=t5 7 0

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maronoM.

llpaBUJlO 228.

}I He noH;zy B 6n6JinOTeKY qHTaTh KHnrn:

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0

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Dtaea 3. llpeOJlO:JICeHUJl C OC06bL'W 2!Ul20JlbHbL'W CKQ3)'eMbl.M 219

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Pmoell 4
Oces~»Ie npe.r.JimKeuus • ~m1i.J

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Hpaoww 229.

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220 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

~BB fci.J~~-l)F{$32;:{tf:$o
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~BB iJ:/i%~~-l)F{$32;:{tf:$o
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llpaBUJto 231.

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wo xiangqlle wo
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222 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

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¥tre~*4=5~~T
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224 lJacmb If. CuHmaKcuc

ltiE;&B!Hi~tE*E: ~ 1t 7
Wo ba yifu fangzai guizi lile.
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llpa8UJlO 234.

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lt~ "rX~iP.IA" :tE*~ .1:7
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Ilpa8ullo 237.

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8-11511
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R C'beJI e.ny.

Kor.na HCllOJib3yeTCj( npe,nJIO:lKeHHe c re. no,nqepKHBaeTCj(,

qTo ,neHCTBHe, npHMeHeHHOe K KOMy-TO HJIH qeMy-TO, HMeJIO
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npHBe.lJ,eHHbiX npe,nJIO:lKeHHj(X ,neHCTBHe liZ; «nepeMe~naeT»
l~, O,nHaKO pe3yJibTaT .l{CHCTBHH JlZ; 3aKmoqaeTCj( BOBCe He B
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228 lfacmb ll CuHmaKcuc

llpa6U!lO 240.

R He ,L{O,L{eJiaJI 3TH 3a,lJ.aHH.ll.

f:ft:JE~ ll:hft~ {~ ~ 16 0

Wo ba zhexie zuoye zuo bu wan.

f:ft {~ ~ iG~ ll:hft ~ 0

Wo zuo bu wan zhexie zuoye.

~ ll:hft ~ f:ft {~ ~ jG 0

Zhexie zuoye wo zuo bu wan.

B npuse,L{eHHbiX npe,L{JIO)((eHH.liX ::f iG nocne rnarona

1~ - ,L{OllOJIHHTeJibHbiH •IJieH B03MO)((HOCTH. B npeiJllo:JK:e-
HWlX C re nOCJle CKa3yeM020 He MO:JK:em CmORmb OOnOll-
HUmellbHblU 'l!leH B03MO:JK:Hocmu. B oaHHOM Cllyttae C!leiJyem
ucnollb30Bamb o6bzttHoe npeiJ!lo:JK:eHue c ZJta20llbHblM CKa-
3yeMblM.

llpa6U!lO 241.

5I oqeHb TLQaTeJibHO c,L{eJian ,L{OMaiiiHee 3a,L{aHue.

f:lt:JE{"J=~{~t~f~iJ.-Jto
Wo ba zuoye zuo de hen renzhen.
f:ft{~ft~f~t~1~ iAJt 0

Wo zuo zuoye zuo de hen renzhen.

B npuse,L{eHHbiX npe,L{JIO)((eHu.llx ,L{OllOJIHHTeHbHbiH qneH ~[t

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a He pe3yJibTaT TOro, qTO ft ,L{eJiaeT C ft~, ,L{OllOJIHeHHeM
re. 003TOMY HenpaBHJibHO 3,L{eCb HCllOJib30BaTb npe,L{JIO)((e-
HHe c re. B ,L{aHHOM cnyqae cneeyeT HCllOJib30BaTb npocToe
npe,L{JIO)((eHHe C rnaroJibHbiM CKa3yeMbiM.
nwea 3. JlpeOJIO:J/CeHUJl C OCOOblM 2JU120JlbHblM CKa3)1eMblM 229

llpa6UJIO 242.

Jl ero ~asHo 3HaJo.

*
ftre 1miA iJH~ a1 rBJ 7 0

Wo ba ta rimshi hen chang shfjian le.

ftiA iJHtM~ -K It-t fa] 7
Wo renshi ta hen chang shfjian le.
B npuse.l.(eHHbiX npe.l.(JIO)f(eHHJlX iA i,n (3HaTb) - 2/lazoll,
o6o3Ha'la10UJUU yMcmeeHHYIO oeR.meJZbHocmb, coomeemcm-
6eHHO, OH He Mo:»eem u.Memb nocJleocm6ue.M U3MeHeHue 'le-
Jl06eKa WIU 6eUJu. TaKou 2lla20ll He MO:»eem 6blmb ucnOllb30-
eaH 6 Ka'lecm6e CKa3ye.Moc.o 6 npeOJlo:»eeHuu c :IE. B oaHHOM
clly'lae cJleoyem ucnoflb306amb npocmoe npeOJlo:»eeHue c
2llG20JlbHblM CKa:J)le.MblM.
rnaroJibl, o6o3Ha'laJO~He YMCTBeHHYIO .l.(eJlTeJibHOCTb, BKJIIO-
'IaiOT TaiOKe ~Q:@:(3HaTb), llJT JX\.(CJibilllaTb), 'll(nOHHMaTb),
1,\1:~('1YBCTBOBaTb) H ~~(comalllaTbC.R).

Jl 3Hal0 :ny HOBOCTb.

ftre~ --t¥~ ~~~nit! T
Wo ba zhege xiaoxi zhidao le.
f\t~Qi!1~1-¥~,~ 7
Wo zhi dao zhege xiaoxi le.
~ 1-¥~ ,~,f\t~Qj]l 7
Zhege xiaoxi wo zhidao !e.

llpa6UllO 243.

MHe oHa noHpasHJiacb.

ftrero~?.%~xJ: 7
Wo ba ta xihuan shang le.
ft%~-XJ:~7
Wo xihuan shang tale.
230 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuoe.[{eHHbiX npeAJio:>KeHHRX ~5!1.: (upaBHTbCR) - 2!la-

20Jl, o6o3Hli'WIOUJUU BHympeHHUe otqytqeHwt 'leJzoeeKa. TaKou
2!la20!l He Mo:JK:em Bblcmynamb e po!lu CKa3)1eM020 8 npeO!lo-
:JK:eHuu c :IE .
B .[{aHHOM cny11ae cJie.[{yeT ucnoJib30BaTb
o6bi'IHOe npeAJIO>Keuue c maroJibHbiM cKaJyeMbiM.
rnaroJibl, o603Ha'laiOI.UHe BHYTpeuuue omymeHHR 'leJIOBeKa,
BKJIIO'IaiOT TaK>Ke i;j" /X. (He HpaBHTbCR), i'8 (60RTbCR), •t&
(HeHaBH.[{eTb), ,l!~(>KeJiaTb) H :fiHf'l(Ha,n;eRTbCR).

HpaBUJlO 244.

3TOT TpexcepHHHblH KHTaHCKHH <fJHJibM R nOCMOTpeJI.

ftre- $~ 00 ft!~:Hiia
Wo ba san bu Zhonggu6 dianying kanguo.
ft:HJ:i_$~ 00 ft!~o
Wo kanguo san bU Zhonggu6 dianying.

l[acmUlJQ U, 8btpa:JICa10tqaJl HeKomopoe Oeucmeue 8 npo-

UIJlOM, He MO:JK:em cmo.Rmb noc!le CKa3)1eM02o 8 npea!lo:J/Ce-
HUHX c :IE. B .[{aHHOM cny11ae cneeyeT ucnoJib30BaTb o6bi'I-
uoe npeAJIO>Keuue c maroJibHbiM CKaJyeMbiM.

3. J.1cnoJib30BaHHe uey.[{aJIHMoro 'IJieua.

lJ:JieH npe.L(.IIO>KeHHR, OTCYTCTBHe KOTOporo ,[{eJiaeT npe.L(.IIo-
>KeHHe HenpaBHJibHbiM, HaJbiBaeTCR Hey.[{aJIHMbiM 'IJieHOM.

HpaBUJlO 245.

R llOCJlaJI llHCbMO.
ftreffi~o
Wo baxinji.

ftref~~~o
Wo ba xinjizou le.
Dia8Q J. llpeOllO:JICeHlUl C OCOOblM 2!Ul20JlbHblM CK03JieMblM 231

Hnu:

~:!Effi*l~~fJB Tlo
Wo ba xinjigei Mali Ie.
5I nocnan nHChMO Mapu.

~:fE{**'§l 00 Tlo
Wo ba xinjihui gu61e.
5I OOCJiaJI OHChMO Ha pO.D:HHy.

Koz()a ucnollb3)'emcR npeOllo:J~CeHue c 1E, 2!lacOllbHOe CKa-

3)'eJt..tOe OOJI:JICHO npuHUMamb HeCKOJlbKO 3JleJt..teHmoe, KaK, Ha-
npUMep, ~T ~Jl1fJB7 WIU @1007 Hellb3R ocmaB.l1.11.mb
npocmo 2!lG20llbHOe CKCnyeJt..toe 8 KOHlJe npeOJlo:J~CeHWl.

4. BcnOMOraTeJihHhiU rnaron He MO)((eT CTaBHThCR nocne re.

Hpasww 246.

5J .D:OJDKeH BepnyTh 31)' KHHry 8 6H6JIHOTeK)'.

~:fE~:;$:~@. *~ §] 00 -t5'nl ~ 0

Wo bii zhe ben shu yinggai hwinhui tushuguan qu.

$*1EJ~*~~§JOO~'nl~o
Wo yinggai ba zhe ben shu hwinhui tushuguan qu.

8 npe.D:JIO)((eHHRX C jE BCDOMOI<ITeJihHhiU rnaroJI @. ~

,nOJI)((eH CTORTh nepe.D: 1E.

5. 0rpHI.(aHHe He MO)((eT CTORTh OOCJie 1E.

Hpasw10 247.

J1 He Mory He BhiY'IHTh KHTaHCKHH.

~:fErXi-8-~F~~::f-aJ o
Wo ba hanyu rei xuehao bu ke.
232 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

~~~rerx m~~f /FJJJ a

w0 rei ba hanyu xuehao bu ke.

B npe.n:no)f(eHIUIX c 1E OTpln~aTeJihHOe Hapeque ~P cTa-
BHTCR nepe.n: te.

6. 0603HaqeHHe BpeMeHH He MO)f(eT CTORTh llOCJie te.

flpaBUJZO 248.

llepe.n: 3K3aMeHOM R llOBTOpHJI BCe npOH.D:eHHhle

CJIOBa.

~re~:ttt¥J1:.~~ii\1W¥}~JJ -:i@o
Wo ba xueguo de shengcf kaoshi qian zai fuxi yi
bian.
~~iJ\fW¥}:fe~J1t¥J1:iEJ~JJ -J@o
Wo kaoshi qian zai ba xueguo de shengci fWd yi bian.

~iJ\fW~¥}:fe~J1t¥J1:iEJ~JJ -J@o
Kaoshi qian wo zai ba xueguo de shengci ruxi yi bian.

B npuse.n:eHHhiX npe.n:Jio)f(eHHRX ?giJ:\WJ - 3TO o6o3Ha-

qeHue speMeHH. B npeO!lO:>IceHURX c 1E
mmcue c!loeoco'le-
mamm o6bl'lHO cmaeRmcR nepeiJ 1E wzu nepeiJ noiJ!le:JICa-
UJUM. Ec!lu npucymcmeyem Hape'lue, mai<oe KaK :p}, mo ezo
Mecmo maK:JICe nepeiJ 1E u noc!le o6o3Ha'leHUR epeMeHu.
llopR.D:OK CJIOB B TaKOM npe.ll:JlO)f(eHHH 6y.n:eT CJie.D:yiOmHM:
noiJ!le:JICaUJee + o6o3Ha'leHue epeMeHu + Hape11ue + 1E +
+ cyUJecmeumeJZbHoe!U.MeHHoe c!loeoco'lefnaHue + 2Jla20ll +
+ iJpyzue 'l!leHbl npeiJ!lo:JICeHUR unu: o6o3HG'leHue epeMeHu +
+ noiJ!le:JICaUJee + Hape'lue + 1E + cyUJecmeumellb-
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npeOJlO:JICe HUR.
rRaea 3. flpeORO:J/CeHUJI C OC06blM 2JIQZORbHblM CK03}'eMblM 233

Pa3oeJL 7
llpe)J;JIOiKCHHH C ~ • "t9i"':f.iiJ
Onpe,!J;eJieHHe

Ope,!J.JlO)l(eHHH c *Bt - JTO TaKHe npe,nJlO)l(eHHH, r.ne npe.n-

noru naccusuoro 3anora *Bi , iJ: , n4 11 ux ,nononueHHH
BblC'I)'DaiOT B lf>YHKQHH KOCBeHHOro ,nOOOJlHeHH.!l K maroJlbHO-
MY CKaJyeMoMy. TaKHM o6pa30M Bbipa)l(aeTcSI ,neikTBHe, co-
sepweuuoe He no,!J.Jle)l(a~HM.

OcHOBHaH cTpyKTypa

A,npecaT/o6oeKT ,neiicTBHH + .fBi + cy6oeKT ,neiicTBHH +

+ maron + ,npyrwe 'IJleHhi npe,!J.JlO)l(eHHH.
*-"f~1tMi'J~Jt: 7 o
Zhuozi bei tiimen banzou !e.
CTon HMH yueceu.

Ha 1ITO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHM3HHC

npH HCD0Jib30B3HHH npC,!J;JIOiKCHHH C ~

1. He,nocTaTOK ~-

llpaeww 249.
Oua cHJlbHO 3a6onena, ee yse3nH B 6oJ1hHHQY.

M!.wH~~~JJJ~. :i!iUI~H%* 7
Ta bing de hen lihai, songdao yiyuim qu le.

M!.wH~~~JJJ~. ~:i!iUl2H1G* 7
Ta bing de hen lihai, bei songda~ yiyuan qu !e.
Hnu:

M!.wH~H~JJJ~. ~#11'J~1zt!?.:i!iu~~1G* 7 0
Ta bing de hen lihai, t6ngxuemen ba ta songdao
yiyuan qu le.
234 lfacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

0Ha CHJibHO 3a6oJieJia, O)l.HOicypCHHKH OTBe3JIH ee

B 60JibHHIJ,y.

llo KOHTeKCl)' OO)l.Jie:>Kal.ll,ee - !Lll!, 'leJIOBeK, KOTOpbiH MO:>KeT

Ha'laTb JJ.eiicTBHe. Kor)l.a TaKoe no)l.Jle:>Kal.ll,ee JIBJIJieTcJI aJJ.pe-
caroM )l.eHCTBHJI, npe)l.JIOr ~ )l.OJI:>KeH 6biTb HCOOJib30BaH
nepeJJ. CKaJyeMbiM. ,npyroii cnoco6 Bbipa3HTb 3TO 3Ha'le-
HHe - noCTaBHTb so BTOpoii qacTH JJ.pyroe nOJJ.Jie:>Kal.ll,ee
H OOCTPOHTb npe)l.JIO:>KeHHe C 1E.

2. J13JIHIIIHee HCOOJib30BaHHe ~.

flpaBUJlO 250.

Jl He MOry HaUTH CBOH KJUO'IH.

fti¥Jif.J~1Jt1~/F~U7 o
Wo de yaoshi bei zhlto bu dao Ie.
ftB<JtJ3~1~/F~U7 o
Wo de yaoshi zhao bu dao le.

llO)l.Jie:>Kal.ll,ee B npHBe)l.eHHOM npe)l.JIO:>KeHHH :fj(;!¥J~~ He

MO:>KeT caMO npOH3BeCTH )l.eHCTBHe. 003TOMY He Ha)l.O cne-
IJ,HaJibHO Bbl)l.eJIJITb )l.eJITeJIJI, u B JJ.aHHOM cnyqae npe)l.Jlor ~
Heo6JI3aTeneH.

llpaBUJlo 251.

Y Moero coce)l.a no KOMHare )')KaCHbiH xapaKTep,

JI )')Ke HeMarro OT Hero HaTepnencJI.
.
aB<J~S-~/F~,ft·~~7m~~o ~
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duo kii.

aB<J~S-~/F~,ft~T~m~~o 0
Wo de t6ngwii piqi bu hao, wo chile ta hen duo kii.
Dlaea 3. llpeonoJICeHUJl c oco6blM 2JIQZOJlbHblM CKa3JleMblM 235

B npeOllo:HCeHl.m c .fBi CKll3JieMOe Oan:JICHO KOHmJX1llupoeamb

wzu 6!1Wlmb Ha noiJJl(!:JICGUJee. HanpHMep, 8 npeMmtreHHH ~Iii;{
.lJJi~llZ:T rnaron liZ MO>KeT 8JIHHTb Ha noMe>K~ee ~~
u npeMO>KeHne MO>KHO nepe.nenaTb 8 ~Ill; T 15 ~. O,nHru<o 8
npuse.neHHbiX npe.nno>KeHHHX rnaron Ill; He Mo>KeT BJIHHTb
Ha no,nne>Kamee ;&. OoJTOMY .fBi He cne.nyeT ucnoJib30BaTb
8 ,naHHOM npeMO>KeHHH. 3.necb cne.nyeT nocTpOHTb OObi'IHoe
npocroe npe,nno>KeHne c rnaronbHbiM cKaJyeMbiM.

3. He.nocTaTOK Hey.nannMoro 'IJieHa.

Hpa6UllO 252.

Mou cno8apb yHecna MapnloHa.

ftf(.J~~ il:{if)E 7 0

Wo de cidian ningjiezou le.

f\t Ef.J ~ ~ il:Jl?, BB /~ {if)E 7 o
Wo de cidian rang Mali/tajiezou le.

Kor.na npeMor it YKa3biBaeT Ha naccH8, OH .non>KeH npH-

HHMaTb .nononHeHHe, Ha3biBaiOmee qeno8eKa uno 8emb, KaK,
HanpnMep, :f!.~ BB uno fdB.

HpaBUJIO 253.

Berep o'leHb CHJibHbiH, ou npuru6aeT ue6oJibUJHe .u.e-

pe8u.a K 3eMne.

Jx\ALtJ\: , 'J' ;W WiJX\. ~~J o

Feng hen da, xiao shu bei leng gua.
JXl{Etk, ,J,;WWiJxl ~IJ fi1J 7
Feng hen da, xiao shU bei leng gua dao le.

B npe,nno>KeHH.!lX c ~. ecJIH CKaJyeMoe 8bipa>KeHo o.nHo-

CJIO>KHbiM rnaroJIOM, KaK, HaiipHMep, !IJ 8 npH8e,l{eHHbiX
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llporpeccupyro~ee JJ.eiicTsue • Z9Jf'i:El<Jill1r

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1. DoMe~a~ee + iE!iE:tEitE + CKaJyeMoe + (~ononHeHHe) +
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ft!?.ifmJE~(Il~)o
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OH ceMqac HrpaeT a ¢yT6on.
rna6a 4. AcneKm oeitcm6Wl 237

2. no)J,Jie)l(aii.{ee + (JE/.JE{f/ff) + CKa:JyeMOe + (.ZJ:OllOJIHeHue) +

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~(lE)ff.:f51l~o
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llpa6UJZO 254.

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2. Kor,Ll,a He ucnOJih30BaTh 7
llpaBUJlO 255.

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~tE~ft~7 0

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~ft~ft~(P~)o
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,Ll,eiiCTBHe HaxO,Ll,HTCH B npm.tecce cosepmeHHH. qacTuua 7,
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llpaBUJlO 256.

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~¥9:JE ~ f'F~P~ o
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Tna6a 4. AcneKm oeucm6UJt 239

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uue).

n~~o
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240 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

fJiarOJI + tf, npe~rneCTBYIOI.l.{ee CKa3yeMOMY B KalJeCTBe 06-

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CTBHe, nOKa3anuoe a npoQecce coaeprneHHJ~.

Ha qTO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHM3HHC

DpH HCDOJib30B3HHH
npo.r.oJDKarom.erocH .r.eiicTBHH

1. Henb3J~ n}'TaTb nporpeccHp)'IOI.l.{ee H npo~omKaiOI.l.{eecg ~eii­

CTBHJ~.

HpaBUJlO 257.

Ha CTOJie Jie)KaT .nae KHHrH.

*-=f J:iE:tEt~~fiJ3*45o
Zhuozi shang zhengzili tangzhe liang ben shii.

*-=f J:~~fiJ3*45o
Zhuozi shang fangzhe liang ben shu.

HeJibJJ~ nocnoauo nepeao~HTb ua KHTaHCKHH J~JbiK $pa3y

«Ha CTOJie Jie)f(aT ~Be KHHm». B npHBe~eHHbiX npeMO)f(e-
HHJIX ;{f noKa3bl6aem npOOO!lJICeHUe oeucmBUR $:_, n03mO-
MY He cmoum ucno!lb30Bamb 3oecb eUJ.e u iEtE UllU tE, Ko-
mopble nOKa3bl6alOm pa36Umue oeucmBUR. KpoMe roro, 2/la-
20/l '',\] ucno!lb3JlemcR mo!lbKO npu xapaKmepucmuKe tteJlo-
BeKa UllU JICUBomHozo. B npuae~eHHOM npe~JIO)f(eHHH cnoao
~ TaKOBbiM He JIBJIJ~eTCJI, ll03TOMY ~Jig ero xapaKTepHCTHKH
6y~eT HCllOJib30BaTbCJI maroJI "$:_.

2. Kor~a ucnOJibJOBaTb lf.

llpaBUJlO 258.

5I lJaCTO 'IHTaiO Jie)Ka, ll03TOMY 3peHHe He O'leHb XO-

pornee.
Tlw6a 4. AcneKm oeucm6Wl 241

!It~~ t(bj:lff5, m~JJ~mr:-F ttt 0

Wo changchang tang kim shu, suoyi yanjing bu hao.

!lt-m--m-i(bj!g:lff51, WT~H~!fll::ftlf o

Wo changchang tangzhe kim shii, suoyi yanjing bu

hao.

Kor~a BTopoii maron noKaJbiBaeT I.(eJib nepsoro ~eiicrnHR,

CJie~yeT HCnOJib30BaTb npeMO>KeHHe C nOCJie~OBaTeJibHbiMH
maroJibHbiMH KOHCTpyKI.(HRMH, TO eCTb ~Ba maroJia ~OJI>KHbl
6b!Tb nocTaWieHbi ~pyr 3a ~pyroM. B npuse~eHHbiX npe~­
JIO>KeHHRX ~ He RBJIReTCR I.(eJibiO ~eHCTBHR f~. 3TH ma-
fOJibl He MOryT 6b!Tb HCnOJib30BaHbl nOCJie~OBaTeJibHO. 3~eCb
f~ noKaJbisaeT o6pa3 ~eiiCTBHR ~. B ~aHHOM cnyqae f/6
~OJI>KeH 6biTb o«t>opMJieH c noMOII.{biO ~ H nocTaWieH nepe~
~ B KaqecTBe 06CTORTeJibCTBa.

OH rosopHJI CTOR. R nurny c~R.

ftE.MiJHEo ~ fjt~~~o ~
Ta zhim shuohua. Wo zuo xiezi.

ftE.M !g iJi iE o 0 fjt~fg~~o 0

Ta zhan zhe shuohua. Wo zuo zhe xiezi.

3. 3j He MO>KeT CTORTb nOCJie ~OnOJIHeHHR.

llpa6U!IO 259.

Kor~a R sqepa CMOTpeJI Tenesu3op, npurnJia Mapu.

fJt~*:lf~~fgOO~-.~~*To ~
Wo zu6tian kim diimshi zhe de shihou, Mali lai le.

!It O'F *I:W !g It! fJQ.IOO ~ f~, ~ BB

Wo zu6tian kanzhe dianshi de shihou, Mali
*T
Iai Ie.
242 l!acmb II. CuHmaKcuc

Jitfl'Fx1fl'fliW.i¥-JBtfi~, ~BB* 7 o
Wo zu6tian kan dianshi de shihou, Mali hii le.

B npuoe,l(eHHhiX npe.u,nmKeHUJIX :if r:t! tN. - JTO colfeTauue

marona c ,l(ononueuueM, a noroMy qacTnQa tf .l(O,JDKHa
CTOHTb MeX<.ey maroJIOM :if U ,l(OnOJIHeHUeM rf! tN,, a He
nOCJie HUX. tf TaiOKe MOIKHO onyCTUTb.

TaHQy.sl pa.Jrosapuwur

~6~-li ~ iJt~-li ~
tiaowu zhe shuohuazhe

~6-li~ 0 iJt-li~ 0
tiao zhe wu shuo zhe hua

4. qaCTUI.J,a tf U ,l(OnOJIHUTeJibHbiU lfJieH pe3yJihTaTa tE ne

MOryT UCnOJib30BaTbCJI BMeCTe.

llpaBUJlO 260.

Mapu, CH.l(JI 3a CTOJIOM, lfUTaeT Knury.

~ BB ~-li:t£~~~:li11ff5 o
Mali zuozhe zai zhuozi pangbian kan shii.

~BB~:tE*~~:li11ff5o
Mali zuo zai zhuozi pangbian kan shii.
~ BfFtE:~ ~ ~:lil~-li1ff5 o
Mali zai zhuozi pangbian zuozhe kan shii.

Ecnu qacTnQa tf, noKa.JbisruomaJI npo.l(OJIJKruol.l.J,eecg ,l(en-

cTaue, nOJIBJI.sleTCJI B npe.u,noJKeHUU, ,l(OnOJIHUTeJibHbiU lfJieH
pe3yJibTaTa, BbipaJKeHHhlf1 fr U 0603HalfeHUeM MeCTa, Ha-
npUMep !!il:riJiitl s npuae,l(eHHhiX npe.u,noJKeHIDIX, ue MOIKeT
-CTOJITb nocne nee. Ecmb Bcezo 06a o6pCl3Zfa o6pCl306aHWl
npeOJloJK:eHuii c 'lacmul{eii ;ff: 1. 21Ul20ll + tf + 21Ul20ll,
DlaBa 4. AcneKm oeucm6Wl 243

HanpUMep M~nz~. W\~llt: 2. 2/lazOJl + ~, 6e3 BCRKUX

0py2ux '1Jle1106 npe0JlO:HCe11lut nOCJle 11e20, HanpUMep ~~'
*~· Ecm1 )l(e ueo6xo.n.uMo ucnoJib30BaTb «tE + o6o3Haqe-
HHe MeCTa» JJ.ml 0603HaqeHHH MeCTOHaxO)I(JI.eHHH, JTa KOH-
CTJ'YKI.(HH CTaBHTCH nepe.n. maroJIOM.

Pa30eJl 3
Cosepmeuuoe ~eiicTBHe • i;1Jf1=1¥J%.ffl(;
Onpe~e.Jieuue

Kor.n.a qacTHI.(a 7 ucnoJib3yeTCH nocne maroJibHOro CKa-

3yeMoro, JTO 03HaqaeT, qTo .n.eHCTBHe 6b1JIO 3aBeprneHO.

OcuosnaH cTpyKTypa
lloJJ.Jie)l(amee + maronbHoe cKaJyeMoe + 7 + (.n.ononueuue).
flt;{f7~:4s:~o {t!?.ili~ 7
Wo kanle zhe ben shu. Tii. chiiqu le.
R npoqen :ny KHHry. Ou Bbirnen.

Ha "'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHM8HHe

npu ucnoJILlOBaHHH cosepmeuuoro ~eiicTBHH

1. Kor.n.a ucnoJib30Ba.T!> 7
llpa6UJlO 261.

j{ sqepa Bbi}"'HJI MHOfO HOBbiX CJIOB.

fttllf*~1~$~WJ 0

Wo zu6tian xue hen duo shengcf.

fit !If*~ 71~$1:. iijJ 0

Wo zu6tian xuele hen duo shengcf.

244 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuae)J.eHHbiX npe)J..TIO)I(eHHJ~X Bt:le YKa3biBaeT, 'ITO )J.eii-

CTBHe npoH30UIJio a T..fmo6bz nepeoamb, ttmo
npoUIJIOM.
iJeucmfJUe 6bmo 3aBepweuo 6 npoUllloM, c;woyem nocmaBUmb
noc!le 2JW20lla ttacmul{)' T YKa3bl6aiOUJY10 ua 3aeepweuue
oeucm6Wl.

2. I13JIHUIHJIJI nocTaHOBKa T
Hpa6UJlO 262.

R aecb )J.eHb CMOTpeJI TeJieBH3op.

~~~~T~t~o
Wo meitian kanle dianshi.
~~~~~tmo
Wo meitian kan dianshi.

qT06bi CKa3aTb 0 HeKOTOpOM IIOBTOpJIIO~eMCJI )J.eHCTBHH,

KaK, HaiipHMep, fi:JC:lf fl!t_!;[ B rrpuBe)J.eHHOM npe)J..TIO)I(eHHH,
qacTHQa T yKa3biBaiOI.l.(aJI Ha 3aaepUieHue )J.eHCTBHJI,
He06JI3aTeJibHa IIOCJie CKa3yeMOro.

R qacTo 3aHuMaiOCb crroproM.

~~'{jt@~T ~"f*o
Wo changchang duanlian le shenti.
~~~@~~"f*o
Wo changchang duanlian shenti.

Hpa6UllO 263.

Ra 3TOT Mara3HH He XO)J.HJI.

~~* T JJ~1-:9il$ o
Wo mei qule nage chengshi.
FRa8a 4. AcneKm oeucmel.IJl 245

flt&-*JJ~-1'~-m 0

Wo mei qu nage chengshi.

B omputfameJZbHOU rjJopMe nepeo ?JlCl20RoM cmaeumcR om-

putfaHue npow.eow.e2o epeMeHu ~ ( 1f ), a 'lacmul{a 7
YKa3bl8a10Uf.aR. Ha 3aeepUteHUe oeucmBWl., He OOJl:JICHa 6blmb
ucnoRb3oeaHa. ToJibKO ecnu Mbi XOTHM CKa3aTb, 'ITO ueKoTo-
poe ~eHCTBHe He npOH3BO~HJ10Cb B TelfeHHe HeKOTOporo
BpeMeHH BOJIOTb ~0 HaCTOHI..I.\efO MOMeHTa, MO:>KHO OOCTa-
BHTb ~ H 7 B O~HOM H TOM :>Ke npeMO:>KeHHH. OopH~OK
CJIOB: 06o3Ha'leHUe BpeMeHU + ~(lf) + 2JlCl20Jl + OOnO!lHe-
HUe + T

ft!?. W3 ~ & UZ; 'eft 7 0

Ta liang tian mei chTfan !e.

On ue en ~sa~HH.

flpa6UJlO 264.

5I oqenb PM B03MO)I{HOCTH noexaTh s KHTaii y'IHTb

KHTaHCKHH H3biK.

ff7fJL~*~~~)J¥Xi{L flt~~~~~o 00
Youle jThul hii Zhonggu6 xuexi hanyii, wo leicMng
gaoxlng.

fftJL~*~~~)J¥Ri1L flt~~~~~o 0
You jThul hii Zhonggu6 xuexi hanyii, wo lei chang
gaoxlng.

8 npuse~eHHbiX npeMo:>KeHHHX 1f - maroJI, yKa3biBaJO-

I..I.\HH ua cyl..l.\eCTsosauue, a noToMy qacTuua 7, yKa3hiBaio-
l..l.\aH Ha 3aBeprneHHOCTb ~eHCTBHH, He ~OJI:>KHa 6b!Tb HCUOJ1b-
30BaHa.
246 l!acmb II. CuHmaKcuc

Bqepa no reJieBH3opy 6bma oqenh xopornaR npo-

rpaMMa.

~~-~~~~~Tm~ti~~§o ~
Zu6tian wanshang diimshi II youle hen haokan de
jiemu.

at~lli~~~~~~ll~ti~~ § 0

Zu6tian wanshang diimshi li you hen haokan de

jiemu.

llpa6UJlO 265.

KonJ,a 11 TOJihKO npuexan s KHTau, R KHTaHCKHH He

OOHHMaJI.

-~~7~00~~~.~~~-&fio ~
Wo gang daole Zhonggu6 de shihou, hai ttng bu
dong hanyu.

-~~~00~~~.~~~-&fio 0
Wo gang dao Zhonggu6 de shihou, hai ttng bu dong
hanyu.

B npuae,l(eHHhiX npe.l(JIOJKeHHHX [)Yrj .¥tl t:f IE 1¥3 IPt f~ nO,l('lep-

KHBaeT BpeMH, KOr,l(a npoHCXO,l(HJIO ,l(eHCTBHe, a He 3aBep-
llieHHOCTh ,l(eifcTBHR, a llOTOMY HenpaBHJihHOH 6y.l(eT llOCTa-
HOBKa qacTHL(hi T, YKa3hiBaJOIL(eii Ha 3aaeprneHHe .l(eilcT-
BHH.
06paTHTe BHHM3HHe: llOMHMO I¥J IPJ f~ Cyll(eCTBYIOT
.l(pyrue cnoaocoqeTaHHR, yKa3hiBalOIL(He Ha apeMR, Hanpu-
Mep ••• I¥] }j~ ~ H ••• ~ mJ, 3TH CJIOBa TOJKe He coqeTaiOTCR C
qacTHL(eH T

.LJ:o npue3,l(a B KuTau

*T~~~Jj~~ *7~00I2J-~u ~
lai le Zhonggu6 de natian lai le Zhonggu6 yiqian
Dla6a 4. AcneKm oeilcmBUR 247

*4' 00 1¥3 Jj~ 7C

hii Zhonggu6 de nittian lai Zhonggu6 yiqian

HpaBUJlO 266.

Mbi xopowo c.n;anH 3K3aMeH, H see 6hiJIH oqeub pa.n;~>I.

~1fJW~f~~lt!tT. :*:%~~-;t~~7 o ~
Women dou kao de hen hao, ditjia leichang
gaoxing le.

~1fJW~f~~~*· :*:%~~-;t~~7 o 0
Women dou kao de Mn hao, ditjia leichang
gaoxing.

B npHse.n;eHHhiX npeAJIO)((emurx CKaJyeMoe Bb!pR)((euo npH-

nararenhHhiM. Oo npaBHJiaM KHTaUCKOU rpaMMaTHKH •tac-
mut~a 7 He MO:HCem npucoeowm.mbc>t K CKQ3}'eMOM)I, Bbl-
pa:JK:eHHOMY npwwzame.nbHblM.
OfipaTHTe BHHM3HHe: HHOr.n;a qacTHI.J.R 7 MO)((eT 6b1Th
nocTaBJieua nocne npHJiaraTeJibHoro, no B 3TOM cnyqae oua
0603HaqaeT H3MeHeHHe, nepeXO,A K HOBOMY COCTOJIHHIO, Ha-
npHMep, If<~* fr\'j 7 o6o3Ha'laeT, 'ITO pe6enoK 6hm Ma-
JieHhKOro pocTa pau~>we, a renep~> cTan Bhiwe.

HpaBUJlO 267.

KaK TOJihKO " ycnhlwan ee ronoc, cpaJy nou.sm, qro

3TO XOpOllia.sl HOBOCTb.

~-J!Jf¥U~l¥JJEtf, ~lljg7Jj~~-/j'*Wf,~o ~
Wo yi tingdao ta de shengyin, jiu zhidaole nit shi yi
ge hao xiaoxi.

f.lt-llJf¥U~l¥JJEif, ~~lljgJJ~~-1-*m.~o 0
Wo yi tingdao ta de shengyin, jiu zhidao nit shi yi
ge hao xiaoxi.
248 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuse.z:r.eHHbiX npe)J)IO)I(eHIDIX cytTheKTHo-npe.z:r.ma:rmoe co-

'leTaHHe }]~~--i':tlf¥1-t~ BbiC'I)'llaeT B Ka'leCTBe )J.OllOJIHeHIDI
K marony 9;U:l!!. no npasiDiaM KJITai:icKOi.f rpaMMaTHKH, 3a uc-
KlllO'leHueM mazolloB ,lfi u ,lfiii.J, Kozoa mazoJlbHOe CKQ3)'eMoe
npUHUMaem cy6beKJrmo-npeOUKam11oe CO'lemQime KQK OonOll-
HeHUe no cxewe: «2!la20ll + cy6beKmuo-npeOuKamuoe co'le-
mauue», T noclle uezo cmoRmb ue MOJICem.
,ZJ;pymMH llO)J.06HbiMH CJIY'IWIMH RBJISIIOTCR CJiy'laH, KOr)J.a
maroJibHOe CKaJyeMoe npnHHMaeT maroJibHo-o6beKTHoe co-
'leTaHHe HJIH npe.U.HKaTHoe co'leTauue no cxeMe: rnaroJI +
+ maroJibHO-OtTheKTHOe CO'IeTaHHe/npe)J.HKaTHOe CO'IeTaHHe.
B 3THX CJI)"'WIX qacTHQa T TaK)I(e He MO)I(eT CTORTb nocne
marana.

HpaBHTCR Y'IHTb KHTai.fcKHH

:g x.X T *¥J.. itf

xihuan le xue hanyii

:gx.X*&itf
("*¥J.. ift"- 3TO maroJibH0-06'beKTHOe CO'IeTaHHe)
xihuan xue hanyii
CornacHTbCR H)J.TH c HHM

rPJ ;W: T If~ 111!. -II§~

t6ngyi le gen ta yiqi qu

lll];W:Jf~{t!!.-11§~
("If~ {tB -jl§ ~" - 3TO npe)J.HKaTHOe CO'IeTaHHe)
tongyi gen ta yiqi qu

3. T He MO)I(eT CTOSITb nocne C'leTHbiX KOHCTPYKQHi.f.

Hpa6UJlO 268.

R ~e BbiY'fHJI 1000 HOBbiX enos.

Dta6a 4. AcneKm oeucm6UR 249

Wo yljing xue yiqiiin ge shengci le.

f.ltB~~T 1000 1-~~0
Wo yijing xuele yiqian ge shengcf.
f.ltB~~T 1000 1-~~T
Wo yijing xuele yiqian ge shengci le.
B npHBe~eHHbiX npeAJIO)KeHHHX 1,000 1'- - :no c'leTHax
KOHCTPYKQHH. no npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH eCJlU
6 npeoJlo.JfCeHuu npucymcm6yem cttemHa». KOHcmpyKlfUR., mo
'1acmu14a 7 cmaBumcR cpa3y noclle cKa3yeMo2o nepeo
C'lemHOU KOHCmpyKlfUeu no CXeMe: 2JIG20Jl + 7 + C'lemHaR.
KOHCmpyKlfUR. + OOnOJlHeHUe.
qaCTHQY 7 MO)KHO TaK)Ke nOCTaBHTb B KOHQe npHBe~eH­
HOfO npe~JIO)KeHHH, TOr~a OHa 6y~eT Bblpa)KaTb 3Ha'leHHe
«npO~OJI)KaTb ~eJiaTb 'ITO-TO» HJIH «C~eJiaHHOfO y)Ke ~OCTa­

TO'IHO 1-1 npO~OJI)KaTb He 06H3aTeJibHO».

C'beCTb ~Be MHCKH pHca. IlOCMOTpeTb O~HH <i>HJibM.

llZW3~*tJi To ~ ;g-1-Jt~T ~
Chi liang wan mlfan le. Kan yfge dianylng I e.

llZTrJ3~*tJio ~ ;gy-1-Jt!.~o 0
Chi Ie liang wan mifan. Kan Ie yfge dianying.

Pa30ell 4
,lJ;eHCTBHe B 6y~ymeM • l;}Jf'FI¥J~~*~

Onpe~eneuue

KoHCTpyKQHH ~:~y~ 7, COCTOH~rul 1-13 $9t~ HJIH ~ 11

'laCTHQbl 7, nOKa3biBaeT, 'ITO ~eHCTBHe npOH30H~eT CKOpO R
6y~y~eM.
250 lfacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

OcHOBHaB crpyK'fYpa

(Oo,ZUie>Kall\ee) + ~~Wt~ (o6cro.!ITenbCTBO) + rnaronbHOe

CKa:JyeMoe + (.n;ononHeHue) + T

fta••~7. ~~~~7
Wo jiu yao biye le. Yao dao xTnnian le .
.}1 KaK pa3 3aKaHqusaJO HHCTHTyT. CKopo HoBbiH ro.n;.

Ha WfTO CTOBT o6paTHTL BHHMaHue

DpH HCDOJILlOBaHHH 6y.Lzym;ero BpeMCHH

1. KoHClpYKQH.!I ~~... T He MO>KeT CTO.!ITb BMecTe c o6-

CTO.!ITenbCTBOM BpeMeHH.

HpaBUJIO 269.

R Ha cneJzyJOI.I..{eii He.n;ene B03Bpal.l..{atoeb Ha po.n;uey.

ft"F£MtJt~§l007 o
Wo xia xingqi kuaiyao hui gu6 le.
ft"F£M~~§I007 o
Wo xia xingqi juuyao hui gu6 le.

ft~D§J007 a
Wo kuaiyao hui gu6le .
.}1 CKOpo BepHyCb Ha po.n;HHy.

B npeo!lo:»eeHURX c KoHcmpyKijueu ~~... T "b6o3Ha'la10-

Ufeu, 'lmO oeucmeue O'leHb CKOpo npOU30UOem, Cll06a, o6o-
3H{l'I010UfUe KOHKpemHoe 6peMR, KOK, HanpUMep, -f £Jtij 6
npueeoeHHblX npeo!lo:»eeHURX, He ucnoll&3)'10mcR. EcRu Haoo
yKG3am& mo'IHOe epeMR., C!leoyem ucnoll&3oeam& KOHcmpyK-
lJUIO ~~mt~ ... T BMecmo ~~··· T
Dtaea 4. AcneKm oeucmeWl 251

2. rnaroJI, 0603Haqruou.vfil ){eUCTBHe 8 6y.n;ymeM, He MO)((eT

npHHSITb nocne ce6g qacmuy T
Hpa6UJIO 270.

3TH HecKOJibKO .n;Hen ace apeMg .n;o:xmL, a qepe3 He-

CKOJILKo ){HeH OIDITb 6y.n;eT naCMYPHO.

~~~~~~~. ~tt. MT~~-~-

~To ~
Zhe ji tian zongshi xia yii, buguo, guole ji tian jiu
hui qingtian de.

~~~~~~~. ~M. M~~-~-~

7 0
Zhe ji tian zongshi xia yii, buguo, guo ji tian jiu
hui qingtian de.

Oo CMbiCJIY npe){JIO)((eHHg Mbl nOHHMaeM, qTo .n;eiiCTBUe ):1

eme He npOH30II.IJIO. no:noMy qaCTHI.{a T' YKa3biBaJOmM Ha
3aBeprneHHOCTb .n;ei:fCTBHg, He MO)((eT 6biTb HCnOJib30BaHa.

Pa3deJl 5
OnLIT npomJioro • M.:t; (J{]~}Jj
OnpeJ(eJieuue
Kor.n;a nocne maroJILHOro CKaJyeMoro CTOHT qacTnl.{a i1,
:no yKaJanue Ha HeKoropbiil onLIT npornnoro.

OcuosnaH CTpyKTypa
Oo){Jie)((amee + maronLuoe CKaJyeMoe + i1 + (.n;ononue-
uue).
252 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

~llJfiJl:i~L ft!?.~fi~*-t5 0

Wo tingshuoguo. Ta kanguo zhe ben shu.

jl CJlbllllaJI. 0Ha qHTaJia :ny KHHry.

Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHM8HHe

npH HCUOJIL3088HHH
Aanuoro npomeAmero speMenu

1. 0TCYTCTBHe tl.
llpaBUJIO 271.

Thi 6hiJI s lllanxae?

A: {$~;tt_t~n!?,?
NI quguo Shanghai rna?
..R eme He 6hm s lllaHxae.

B: ~~~~J:#!Jo
Wo hai mei qu Shanghai.
B:~~~~;tt_tifjJ o
Wo hai mei quguo Shanghai.

Cy.z:v1 no sonpocy, OTBeT .z:r.on)l(eH noKa:JhiBaTb, npowcxo.z:r.wno

JIH B npOlliJIOM .z:r.eHCTBHe ~. 003TOMY qacTHQa tl, 060-
3HaqaiOII.\rul .z:r.eHCTBHe B npOlliJIOM, .D.OJI)I(Ha CTOHTb nocne
rnarona.

XoTx .H ee ei.Qe ne sw.n.en, no .H .z:r.asno 3HaJI ee HMH.

§~~~~£~,~ft~-~-~~~~o~
Suiran wo hai mei jian ta, dan wo zao jiu zhidao ta
de mingzi.

a~ft~~£:tt~.~ft~-~~~~~~o0
Suiran wo hai mei jian guo ta, dan wo zao jiu
zhidao ta de mingzl.
Dtaea 4. AcneKm iJeiicmeUR 253

2. qacnn.{a :tl ne Mo:>KeT cTOHTh nocne .n.ononHeHHH.

lipa6UJZO 272.

Ona 6bma B illaHXae.

!liB-*
_tJllJ i~L
Ta qu Shanghai guo.

!liB* ii ...t lllJ 0

Ta quguo Shanghai.

Kor.n.a Mbi rosopHM o KaKOM-TO .n.eiicTBHH, KOTopoe cnyqa-

nocb B npOWJIOM, lfaCTHUa tl .lJ.OJI)I(Ha CTOHTb llOCJie rna-
fOJibHOfO CKaJyeMOfO H npe.n.weCTBOBaTb .ll.OllOJIHeHHIO.

En Kor.n.a-To KHTaHCK)'IO e;zy.

llZ9=J!E~ii
Chi zhonggu6 cai guo.

11Zii9=JIE~
Chi guo zhonggu6 cai.

CMoTpen 3TOT <PHJibM.

~11~1-rt!~ii
Kiln nage diitnying guo.

~ii11~1-Jt~
Kanguo nage diitnylng.
 CTEIIEHH CPABHEHIDI mlijjr
~/F ~t~ 1¥1 Ji¥!

B KHTaiicKOM jiJhiKe MHoro cnoco6oB nepe.n.aTh cprumeHHe,

npli'leM HCOOJib3YIOTCJI CJIOBa ~t, Ji!&, fl, /F M H ~* ~.

PmoeJZ 1
CpaBHHTCJILHaR KOHCTpyKI(HR c ~ •
ffl "~" ~bF~$$t

CpaBHHTeJihHaH KOHCTPYKUHH c ~t ucnoJih3yeTCH .ll.JIH

cpaBHeHHJI DpH3HaKOB, COCTOJIHHH, KOJIHqecTBa HJIH CTeneHH y
.ll.BYX npe.n.MeTOB HJIH JIIO.ll.eil.

llopsmoK CJios
A + ~ + B + maron/npunaraTeJihHOe + (.n.onoJIHHTeJibHhiH
qJieH).

ft1?Jt 1t!?. ~ ~ ~ ~ 0

Ta bi tii didi congming.

OH yMHee MJia.n.mero 6paTa.

U"F1Ct:t~1Citm$ 0

Zu6tian bi jTntian leng de duo.

Bqepa 6bmo HaMHoro xono.n.Hee, qeM cero.n.HH.
Dlaea 5. CmeneHu cpaeHeHUJl ~lift 255

Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHM&HBe

DpB BCDOJIL30B&HBB
cpaBHHTeJILHoii KOHCTpyKnnu c H~

1. B npe)J.JIO)I(eHim c KOHCTpyKuuei:i c l:t He MO)I(eT ucnOJib30-

BaTbCH HapeqHe CTeneHH nt
llpaBU/10 273.
Mou MJia,nmuu 6paT uaMHoro Bbiwe MeiDl.

~5fj5fj ~~~lll~ a
Wo didi bi wo hen gao.

~5fj5fj~~~~f~$a
Wo didi bi wo gao de duo.

~5fj 5fJ ~~~~$ T a

Wo didi bi wo gao duo le.

Henb3H ucnoJib30BaTb Hapeque ~ll, o603uaqaJOwee CTeneHb,

B npe)J.JIO)I(eHHH CO cpaBHHTeJibHOH KOHClpYKUHeH C ~t .
)J,pyme HapeqHJI CTeneHH, TO eCTb :=j~, ~, m
H T. ):(., TaK)I(e
He MOryT 6biTb HCnOJib30BaHbl BMeCTe CO cpaBHHTeJibHOH
KOHCTPYKUHeH. qT06bi noKaJaTb, qro pa3HHUa Me~ cpas-
HHBaeMbiMH npe,nMeTaMH oqeHb BeJIHKa, CJie,nyeT HCnOJib30-
BaTb coqeTaHHJI ~t ... ~$ HJIH f::t ... $7

2. )J.onOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH KOJIHqecTBa He ,l(OJI)I(eH 6b1Tb HC-

nOJib30BaH nepe.n npHnanrreJibHbiMH.

llpaBU/10 274.
Mou Mna,nwuu 6paT Bbiwe MeHH Ha ronosy.

~5fj5fj~~~-~~a
Wo didi bi wo yi tau gao.

~5fj5fj ~~~~-~~a
Wo didi bi wo gao yi t6u.
256 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuBe~eHHbiX npe.LUIO)KeHHRX cqeTHaJI KOHCTPYKUHH -~

BbiCrynaeT B p01IH ~OnOJIHHTeJibHOro qJieHa KOJIHqeCTBa K
npHJiaraTeJibHOMY ~. flo npaBHJiaM KHTaHCKOH rpaMMaTHKH
eCJlU Mbl ucnO!lb3ye.Ju l:t O!l51. cpa6He11li.R, mo oonOflHUmeJlb-
HblU 'UleH KOJlU'lecmea, 6blpa:JK:eHHblU C'lemHOU KOHCmpyKZfU-
eu, OOJlJICeH cmoR.mb noc!le npwwzamenbH020. nopR~OK
cnoB: l:t + 'lenoeeKinpeoMem + npwwzamenbHOe + c'lem-
HGR. KOHCmpyKl{UR..

Mna.nrne ee Ha ro~

b~~-57/J\
bi ta yl sui xiao

b~~lj\-57
bi ta xiao yl sui

Ha TPH MeTpa rnupe TOH ~oporu

b~]~~~~.::::.*~
bi ml thio malu san mi kuan

b~]~~~~~.::::.*
bi na tiao malu kuan san mi

3. ~OnOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH CTeneHH He ~OJI)KeH CTO'ITb nepe~

maronoM.

llpa6UJW 275.
Cero~HR g npurnen paHbllie Mapu.

4-=fi:. !It b~ E?J 19B lf.

Jlntian wo bi Mali zao lai.
* o

4-Jt:. !It b~ E?J 1919'* {~ lf'-1 0

Jlntian wo bi Mali lai de zao.

B npuBe~eHHbiX npeMO)KeHHHX BbiHCHReTcR **~lf'- (KTO
npuureJI paHbllle). lf'- 3~eCb- 3TO ~OnOJIHHTeJibHbiH qJieH
Dzaea 5. CmeneHu cpaBHeHUJI m.n!i! 257

CTeneHI1 K *·no npaBI1JiaM KI1TaHCKOH rpaMMaTH:KU eCllU

.Mbl ucnollb3Ye.M KOHcmpyKZ/WO c bt OllJI. nepeoCI'Iu cpaeHe-
HWl, oonOllHUmeJlbHblU 'UleH cmeneHU 6.Mecme c ~ OOJlJICeH
cmoRmb noclle CKa3ye.Mo2o. nopg,noK enos: bt + tteno-
eeKinpeo.Mem + CKCl3)'e.MOe + ~ + OOnOJlHUmeJlbHblU 'UleH
cmeneHu.

lieraTb 6blcTPee ero Y'lnTbCSIJI)''IWe MeHSI

t:~fm#cl@ ~ t:~!ltM~ ~
bT ta kwii pao bi wo haoxue

r~ 1t!?. 1@ f~Hjc 0 r~!lt~f~M ~

bi ta pao de kuai bi WO xue de hao

4. ~OllOJIHI1TeJibHbiH 'IJieH CTeneHI1 He ,l{OJI)I(eH CTOSITb B O,l{HOM

npe,l{JIO)I(eHI111 C ,l{OllOJIHI1TeJibHhiM 'IJieHOM KOJII1'1eCTBa.

HpaBUJZo 276.

R npumen paHhliie Mapu Ha 10 MUHYf.

!Itt:~~ BB *f~!f!. 1 o 51-i-4' 0

Wo bi Mali lai de zao shi renzhong.

!ltr~~BB!f!.* 10 *~ o
Wo bi Mali zao lai shi renzhong.

B ,naHHOM npe,nno)l(eHI111 .nsa .nonoJIHI1TenhHhiX 'IJieHa: .no-

nonHI1Tent.HhiH t{JieH KOJIH:qecTBa l 0 :fr~ 11 ,l{OllOJIHUTeJib-
HbiH qJieH CTeneHI1 *~-'f-. no npaBH:JiaM KI1TaHCKOH rpaM-
MaTI1KI1 e ooHo.M u mo.M JICe npeiJJloJICeHuu HeJlb3R. ucnollb30-
eamb oea oonOllHUmellbHblX ttlleHa. no3TOMY B ,naHHOM I
npe,l{JIO)I(eHI111 ~ B ,l{OllOJIHI1TeJibHOM qJieHe CTeneHI1 ~011-

nepe.n maronoM *
)l(eH 6biTh y,naneH, a npH:naraTeJihHoe -!f. cne,nyeT nocTaBH:Th
s KaqecTse o6cTOSITenbcTBa. nopg,noK
enos TaKoro npe.nno)l(eHH:SI 6y,neT: bt + ttenoeeKinpeo.Mem +
+ npWla2amenbHOe (o6cmoR.menbcmeo) + 2.J1G20llbHOe cKa-
3ye.Moe + OOnOllHUmellbHblU ttJieH KOJIUttecmea.

9-115M
258 [/acmb II. CuHmaKcuc

IlpHHTH Ha UOJilfaca 003)({e MeHH

~a*~•*~~~ ~
bi wo laide wan bange xiaoshi
~a•**~~~ 0
bi wo
wan lai bange xiaoshi
BLiylfHTb Ha l 0 enos 6onLme, lfeM oHa
~t1tt!!~~$ 10 ~1:.W
bi ta xue de duo 10 ge shengci
~t1tl!!$~ 10 ~1:.W
bi ta duo xue l 0 ge shengci

5. 0TpHQaHHe ::f He ,l{OJI)({HO CTOJITb nepe,n CKa3yeMbiM.

HpaBUJZO 277.
~OH ypoBeHb KHTaHCKoro He cpaBHHTCJI C ypOBHeM
~apH.

aoo&m*~~~~oo&m*~~~o ~
Wo de hanyii shuiping bi Mali de hanyu
shuiping bugao.

aoo&m*~~~~~oo&m*~~o
Wo de hanyu shuiping bu bi Mali de hanyii
shuiping gao.

OmpuZfame!lbHaR. ljJopMa cpaeHume.JlbHOZO npeiJJZOJICeHUR

c ~t o6pa3yemc11. nyme.M nocmaH06KU ompUZ/(111le.JlbHOZO
HapettUR ::f nepeo ~t. a He nepe.n CKMyeMbiM.

6. J.13JIHWHHe 3JieMeHTbl.

HpaBUJZo 278.
R 6era10 HaMHoro 6biCTpee ~apH.
aiH~~t~BBt1cf~$ To
rnaea 5. CmeneHU cpaeHeHUJl ~liflt 259

Wo pao de bi Mali kuai de duo le.

~~f~~t~BBt1c~~ o
Wo pao de bi Mali kuai de duo.

~~f~~t~BB'tR$ To
Wo pao de bi Mali kuai duo le.

B npe,LJ,Jio)l(eHHH c ~t, ecnu BhipiDKaeTcg 6onhiiiM pa3HH~a

Me~y ~ByMg Bell.\aMH, MO)I(HO HCDORh30BaTh KOHCTpyK~HH
~... ~ ~ H ~... ~ T Ho 3TH ~oe KOHCTPYK~HH ne
~OR)I(Hhi HCDORh30BaThCj( O~HOBpeMeHHO B O~HOM npe~no­

)l(eHHH.

Pa30eJl 2
CpaBHHTeJibHaH KOHCTPYKQHH c m•
~=lr
llpe~nor JE& HCDORh3yeTCj( ~ng cpaBHeHHj( npH3HaKOB,
COCTOjiHHH, KORH'IeCTBa HRH CTeneHH y ~BYX npe~MeTOB HRH
mo~eii.

flopH.Z.OK CJIOB

A + .W. + B + - ~ I ffi ll:i.l f./1' - ff I /I' ll:i.l + rna-

ronlnpunararenhnoe.

~~~{1B-~jf6o
Wo gen ta yiyang gao.
R c HHM o~noro pocTa.

~* 45~~}]~* 45/f- ~ 0

Zhe ben shii gen na ben shii bU yiyang.

3Ta KHHra OTRH'IaeTCj( OT TOM.

g•
260 lfacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

Ha '1TO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHM3HHC

npu HCllOJiblOB3HHH
cpaBHHTeJILHoii KOHCTpyKu;uu c If~

1. HenpaBHJibHbie KOHC'fPYKIJ;HH.
HpaBUJIO 2 79.
06bi'IaH uameu cTpaHbi ue TaKne, KaK s KnTae.

fit 11'1 IE* 1¥3)] ffl! lt ~ 00 1¥3 /F-tf o

Women gu6jia de xfguan bi Zhonggu6 de bu yiyang.
fit 11'1 IE* 1¥3)] ·mt If~~ IE 1¥3 /F-tf o
Women gu6jia de xfguan gen Zhonggu6 de bu yfyang.

B I<HTaifCKOM .R3biKe KOHC'fPYKIJ;HH bt... -~ H bt... /I'-~

HenpaBHJlbHbl. OpaBHJibHO 6y,LJ,eT HCDOJib30BaTb Ji!~/~J/[iij ...
-~ " m;fll;~ ... :f-~.

2. He,LJ,ocTaTOK uey,LJ,anHMOro qneua.

Hpa6UJIO 280.
KHnra, 'ITO " Kynnn, TaKa.R )l{e, KaK y Mapn.

fit~ 1¥3 451f~Eb BB- tf o

Wo mai de shu gen Mali yiyang.

fit~ 1¥3 451f~Eb BB 1¥3- tf o

Wo mai de shu gen Mali de yfyang.

Kozoa m
ucnOJlb3yemcJZ 8 cpa8HumeilbHOU KOHCmpyKlJUU,
cpa8HU8ae.Mble o6beKmbl OOJl:>tCHbl omHocumbCJZ ~ OOHOU Ka-
mezopuu. B npnse,LJ,eHHOM npe,LJ,JIO)I{eHHH .:p; -
:no npe,LJ,-
MeT, a fi?J BB - qenoseK H HX uenb3.R cpaBHHBaTb ,LI,pyr c
,LJ,pyroM. B ,LJ,aHHOM cnyqae ue,LJ,OcTaeT onpe,LJ,eJIHTeJibHOii qac-
THIJ;bi 8'-J, KOTOpa.R 6y,LJ,eT Bblpa)l{aTb npHHa,LJ,Jie)I{HOCTb KHHrH
~BB, TO eCTb f~BB 8'-J, 'ITO 03HaqaeT ~BB i¥Jc:j=5.
nraea 5. CmeneHU cpaeHeHWl ~li-- 261

Mou cnosaph TaK )l{e xopow, KaK u ero.

ftl'fJiRJA~lHt!!-#~ffl o
Wo de cidian gen ta yiyang hao yong.

fti¥JiRJA~lHtl!I¥J-#~ffl o
Wo de cidian gen ta de yiyang hao yong.

PmiJeil 3
CpaBHHTeJILHaH KOHCTpyKnua c 1f • JY "1f" ~~It~

fJiaroJI "1f HCllOJih3yeTC.R AJI.R cpaBHeHH.R CXO~HhiX npH3Ha-

KOB, COCTO.RHHH, KOJIH'IeCTBa HJIH CTeneHH y ~BYX npe~MeTOB
HJIH JIIO~eif.

IlopsmoK CJIOB

A+ ff + B + (J.l~-2,./)3:-2,./J.I~:Wti3::W) + CKaJyeMoe.

~ 1- J% fa] 1f }3~ 1- J% fa] }3~ ~ ]( o

Zhenge fangjian you mige fangjian mime da.
3Ta KBapTHpa TaKa.R )[(e 60Jihllla.R, KaK Ta.

}j~~¥11J1fi3:~¥11J~~ *0
Na tiao he you zhe tiao he zheme chang.
Ta peKa TaKa.R )[(e ~nHHHa.R, KaK JTa.

Ha qTo cJie)J;yeT o6paTHTb BHHMauue

DpH HCDOJib30BaHHH
cpaBHHTCJibHOH KOHCTpyKu;uu c 1f
HenpaBHJihHhie KOHCTPYKQHH.

llpa6U/IO 281.
Mo.R Mn~wa.R cecTpa TaKa.R )l{e BhiCOKa.R, KaK "·
262 l.facm& II. CuHmaKcuc

Wo meimei you wo yiyang gao.

f!t~~:fff!t~.Z. ~ 0

Wo meimei you wo zheme gao.

f!t~~lf~f!t-~~ 0

Wo meimei gen wo yiyang gao.

KoHC'rpyK~ug 1f... -tF HenpasunbHa. B npe,Wio)((eHH}IX

c 1f nOKa3biBaeTcg, qro oOO.eKT cpasHeHH}I A .nocTHr TaKOH
)((e creneHH, qro H B, no3roMy s cpasHeHHH c rnaronoM 1f
MOryT CTO}ITb J3:,Z., J3:fF, JJ13,Z. HnH JJ~fF, HO He -f:F.
MnH Mbi MO)((eM ucnonb30BaTb KOHCTPYK~HIO Jf&... - ~,
KaK B npe,WIO)((eHHH ~tMU!lHlt-tFi*J.

PmiJeJZ 4
CpaaunTe.rJLuaa KoncTpyKUHH c :;f ~ •
ffl":;f~"~:tJ'ltt!t

:::f "tzrl HCnOnb3yeTC}I, qro6bl CKa3aTb, qro HeKHH qenOBeK

unu npe,nMeT He TaK xoporn, KaK .npyrou.

llop~OK CJIOB

1. A+ :;f"tzn +B.

~*WJA:if':!JoJJ~*WJAo
Zhe ben cidian buni na ben cidian.
JroT cnosapb He TaKOH (xOpolliHH), KaK TOT.

*~JL:if':!Jil~tJ~ JLo
Lai zher buni qu nar.
OpHHTH c10,na He TaK (xoporno), KaK noifTH ry,na.

2. A+ :::f"tm + B + OJ~.Z.OJ~*FIJS:.Z.ti3:*F) + CKaJyeMoe.

~:iF :!Jil f1J?.Jj~ .z. ~ 0
nwea 5. CmeneHU cpaeHeHWl ~li~ 263

Wo buru ta mime gao.

jJ He TaK BbiCOK, KaK OH.

~J<. $ /f :!LO ~ ~fJl:tJc o

Zuo huoche burn zuo reiji kuai.
,l(oexaTb Ha noeJ~e He TaK 6biCTpo, KaK Ha caMoneTe.

3. A+ /F"tlll + B + (JJ~.Z./}l~~/~.Z./i3:~) + CKaJyeMoe +

+ ~ononHHTenbHbiH qneH.
~ /f :tm ftf!. ~ f~ ~ o
W6 buru ta xue de hao.
jJ yqycb He TaK xoporno, KaK OH.

~ Et-r¥ /f :tm ftf!. ~ f~ J3~ ~ ~ o

W6 de zi buru ta xie de name hiio.
jJ nHrny uepormt<IJbi He TaK xoporno, KaK OH.

Ha •ITo cneteyeT o6paTHTL BHHMauue

npH HCllOJib30BaHHH
cpasuuTeJILnoii KOHCTpyKuuu c /f:Wl
OrcyrcTBHe Hey~anHMOro qneHa.

llpaBUJIO 282.
jJ ue TaK 6erno/xoporno, KaK MapH, rosop10 no-KH-
TaHCKH.

~/ftzUE?iBBiJt&i1t~/i'J~f~o
Wo buru Mali shuo hanyii hao/liUli.

~/f Wl E?i BB i3t & i1t i3t f~ ~ /¥/,tfU o

Wo buru Mali shuo hanyu shuo de hao/liuli.

Kor~a /F~O HCUORb3yeTCR B cpaBHHTeRbHOH KOHCTpyKQHH,

no~qepKHBaeTCR pa3HHQa Me)K)\y A H B no onpe~eneHHOMY
KpHTepHIO. B npuse~eHHbiX npe~noX<eHHRX rnaronbHoe
CKaJyeMoe iJl npHHHMaeT ~ononHeHHe ~ m-.
EcnH cnoso,
264 lfacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

o603HaiJaiOUJ.ee CTeDeHb, HanpHMep ~f HnH mt ~j, CTOHT

nocne .nononHeHH.!I, rnaron cne.rzyeT noBTOpHTb, nocTaBHB
nocne BToporo :ffl. u .nononHHTenbHbiH IJneH cTeneHH. no-
p.!!.llOK enos B TaKOM npe.nno)((eHHH 6y.LJ.eT: noOJie:>ICatJ.~ee +
+ :fWl + 'le.Jl06eK + 2/lQZOJI + OOnOJIHeHUe + no6mopeHHbliJ
+ :ffl. + OOnOJIHume.JlbHblU 'lJieH cmeneHU.
2/lQZOJI

R He TaK xopowo, KaK oH, urpa10 B soneu6on.

~~:!Jilf1B1Tt4~~* 0

wo bum ta da paiqiu Mo.

~~ tJo fm nt4~~nf~ *
Wo buru ta da paiqiu dade hao.
0

R nuwy uepornml>bl He TaK 6b1CTPO, KaK Mapu.

~ ~ !Jil E?i BB ~ ¥J.. ~·t1c o
Wo bum Mali xie hanzi kuai.
~~ !Jil E?i BB ~ ¥J.. ~ ~ f~tR o
W6 bUm Mali xie hanzi xie de kuai.

Pa30eJl 5
CpaBHHTeJJLuaa KOHCTpyKI(HH c ~*~ •
ffl"~*~"=1{~1;t$3(

~*~ HCDOJib3yeTC.!I, lfi'06bl DOI<a3al'b, lJTO C TelJeHHeM Bpe-

MeHH HeKHH lJMOBeK HJIH npe,LJ.MeT pa3BHBaeTC.!I HJIH H3MeH.!IeTC.!I.

llop.H)J;OK CJIOB

llo.l(Jie)((amee + ~ * ~ + CKa3yeMoe ( npunaraTenb-

Hoe/rnaron yMcTBeHHOH ,LJ.e.!ITeJibHOCTH).

M!~*~¥1%7
Ta yue Iai yue piaoliang Ie.
0Ha see xopoweeT.
rnaea 5. CmeneHU cpaeHeHWl m.n~ 265

ftB~*~;f:l{~~)C7 0

Ta yue Iai yue xiang xue zhongwen Ie.

LfeM ~aJibllle, TeM 60Rbllle OH XO'IeT Y'IHTb KHTaHCKHit

Ha qTo CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHM3HHC

npu HCUOJib30B3HHH KOHCTpyKUHH ~*~
1. ~*~ He MO)l(eT CTOJITh nepe~ o6bi'IHhiMH rnaronaMH.

HpaBUJIO 283.
BeTep ~yeT see CHJII>uee.

JXl~*~~H~ ::k 7 o
Feng yue Iai yue gua de da Ie.

1Xli*~::kl7 0

Feng yue Iai yue da Ie.

JXl ~lj f~l~*~::kl7
Feng gua de yue Iai yue da Ie.

· CKaJyeMOe, K KOTOpOMY OTHOCHTCJI ~*~• - 3TO 06bi'IHO

rnaron yMcTseuuoif .l{euenhHOCTH unu npunaraTenhHOe,
o6o3Ha'la!Omee cnoco6HhiH K H3MeHeHHIO npH3HaK, KaK A
B ~*~A B npuse~eHHOM npe~nO)l(eHHH. CoOTseTCTBeH-
uo o6bi'IHbiH rnaron j!i!J He MO)l(eT HCll0Rh30BaTbCJI BMeCTe C

~*~·
2. ~*~ uenh3JI cTaBHTh nepe~ no~ne)l(aJ..UHM.

Hpa6UJIO 284.
Bee 6on~>we u 6on~>we niO,l{eH y'IHT KHTaHCKHH.

~*~~J3&iB-I¥JA$7 o

Yue lai yue xuexi hanyii de ren duo le.

~J3¥Jli!I¥JA~*~$ 7 o

Xuexi hanyii de ren yue lai yue duo le.

266 '-lacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

B npuoe,neHHhiX npe.nn:o)l(eHHJIX ~*~ - Hape"'Hoe cno-

ooco"'eTaHHe. 0Ho HHKor.na He .non)I(HO CTaBHThCJI nepe.n
no.nn:e)l(alli.HM A. 0Ho MO)I(eT 6biTh ronhKO o6croJITenhcT-
BOM H npe,nrneCTBOBaTh CKa3yeMOMY ~.

3. llocne ~*~ He MO)I(eT CTOJITb ,npyrHX Hape"'HM CTeneHH.

HpaBUJIO 285.
fioro,na BCe )l(apqe H )l(apqe.

~~~*~f~~To
Tianqi yue lai yue hen re le.

~~~*~~To
Tianqi yue lai yue re le.

Co"'eTaHHe ~*~ noKa3hiBaeT, qTo CTeneHb npoHoneHHJI

.nencTBHH unu npH3HaKa MeHHeTCJI co opeMeHeM. CooTBeT-
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B KHTancKOM sonpocuTenbHbie MeCTOHMeHH.R it, 1t .Z.,

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CTO.RTb HapeqH.JI ~ H i:E..

llopg.z.OK CJIOB

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+ CKaJyeMoe.
ft!?.H± ~I* t¢tli]§;o l!t o

Ta shenme shiqing dou zhidao.

0Ha 3HaeT 000 BCeM.

~~PJJ~-t-lrt~liJ~tt 0

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0Ha BCe lPHnbMbl CMOTpena.

Ha 'ITO CTOHT o6paTHTL BHHMBHHC

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BonpocuTenbHbie MeCTOHMeHH.R He Moryr CTO.RTb nocne

CKa3yeMOro.
268 '-lacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

llpaBUJlO 286.
Ona HHK)'.D.a ne xo)J.HT.

M!::f-*PJ.I~) Lo
Tii bu qu mk

M! P]~) LtiV-tB ::f "* 0

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HeJib3.!1 nocnosno nepeBO.D.HTh na KHTaHCKHH .!13b!K 4Jpa3y

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B )J.aHHOM cnyqae MecTOHMenue o6.!13aTeJibHO )J.OJI)I(HO CTO.!ITh
BMeCTe C HapeqHeM ~ HJIH ill H npe)J.IIIeCTBOBaTb CKaJye-
MOMy.

Ona HHKoro ne 3naeT. Ona nuqero ne ecT.

fm::f iA iJHtL ~ M! ::fIll; ft -z. 0 ~

Ta bU. renshi shuf. Ta bU chi shenme.

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Pa30ell 2
llcnoJib30Banue KOHCTpyKu;uu :It... Wl-tB ...
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KoncTpyKQHH :ii ... ~I ill ... no)J.qepKHsaeT, qTo na see
npe)J.MeTbl HJIH JIHQa, )J.ruKe Ha TOT, qTO CTOHT Me)I()J.y qaCTHMI1
KOHCTPYKQHH (ro eCTh )J.ruKe na JJieMeHT Me)I()J.y 31 H ~/ill),
pacnpOCTpaHHeTCH CKa3aHHOe B npe)J.JIO)I(eHHI1.
 269

IIOpHJJ;OK CJIOB

(Oo~Jie)f(a~ee) + it + no~qepKnaaeMbiH :meMeHT + $1

ill + CKaJyeMOe + (~OllOJIHeHHe).
liftf!. ~ ~ l!!J!{tj::~L
Lian ta dou zhidao zhe jian shi.
.z:t:a)f(e OH 06 3TOM 3HaeT.

ftli~~~B"JR1fBJ~&~ 0

W6lian kan dianshi de shijian dou meiy6u.

Y MeH.II HeT Bj:>eMeHH, ~a)f(e 'JT06bi CMOTpeTb TeJieBH30p.

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ye wangle.

B npnae~eHHbiX npe~JIO)f(eHH.IIX H~aiOll\WIC.II B Bbmerremm

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CTO.IITb nocrre it n nepe~ W
nrrn ill.

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Ji&~-07]C
Lian mei he yik6u shui.
270 lJacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

:it-DJJ<:m¥j(~o
Lian yikou shul dou mei he.
Ou 6hiBaJI .niDKe B 3TOM OT.naneHHOM Mecre.

:it ~d~JJ~ /j'{~m B<J :li!rfJ o

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1. 00,Wie)((~ee + Jk + no.nqepKHBaeMble BpeMH, MeCTO HJIH

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JI npHJieTeJI Ha CaMOJieTe.

fiB~ a'F 7C@] 00 8<1 0

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OH sepuyncH Ha po.nHHy sqepa.

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OH sepHyJicH Ha po.nHHY sqepa.
Dla6a 6. Bbu)eneHue 271

Ha qyo CTOHT ofipaTHTb BHHM8HHC

DpH HCDOJiblOB8HHH npe}tJIO:iKCHHH
C KOHCTpyKQHCH ~... B<J

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Hpa6UJlO 288.
0Ha npue.l{eT Jatrrpa, a He nocne3aBTJ>a.

~~~~~l~*l¥1· :il'~FPx*l¥10
Ta shi mingtian lai de, bu shi houtian hii de.

~~l!ijx*· :il'~J§x*o
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KoHcTpyKQHH ~... (l{J ucnonbJyeTCH .l{JIH DO.l{'lepKHBaHHH

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.l{ene.

~~r£M~~m*J:~I¥Jo
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2. I13JIHliiHHe :meMeHTbl.
HpaBUJlO 289.
jl npuexan B lleKHH B npornnoM ro.l(y.
272 lJacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

Wo shi qunian lai Beijing le de.

fit~*'¥*~~*B"1 0

Wo shi qunian lai Beijing de.

B npeAJIO)l(eHJm c KOHCTPYKQHeH ~ ••. 1¥3, no)J.'IepKHBaiO-

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3. 1¥3 He MO)l(eT CTORTb nocne nepsoro rnarona.

Hpa6UJlO 290.
R npnneTeJI B 11eKHH Ha caMoJieTe.
fit~~B"J~tJL*~~* 0

Wo shi zuOde reiji lai Beijing.

fit~~ ~m*~~* B"1 0

Wo shi zuo reiji lai Beijing de.

fit~~ ~m*B"1~~* 0

Wo shi zuo reiji lai de Beijing.

Ecnn B npeAJIO)l(eHHH )J.Ba rnarona, HanpHMep ~ H * B

npHBe,ll.eHHOM npe)J.JIO)l(eHHH, i¥J , OTHOCSII.QaRCSI K KOHCT-
pyKQHH ~-·. 1¥3,
He MO)l(eT CTORTb nocne nepsoro rnarona,
OHa )J.OJI)l(Ha cTaBHTbCR nocne BToporo rnarona nnn nocne
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3hiBaiOTC.II 'laCT.IIMH cnOiKHOfO npe.LJ:nOiKeHH.II.
C TO'IKH 3peHH.II OTHOlileHH.II Me:>KJzy 'laCT.IIMH, cnOiKHbie
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Pmoell 1
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C T04Kiif 3peHH.II OTHOlileHH.II Me:>KJzy 'laCTHMH, CO'IIifHHTenh-

Hbie npe.LJ:noiKeHH.II JJ:en.IITC.II Ha:

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274 lfacmb ll CuHmaKcuc

Hape'IIUI C CO'IHHHTenbHbiMH $yHKQHXMH), HCllORb3yeMbie

B co'IHHHrenbHOM npeAJIO)l(eHHH, BKni0'18.10T: X... X ... ;
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· Wo yibian chi fan, yibian kan dianshi.
R o6bi'IHO O,li;HOBpeMeHHO eM H CMOTpiO TeneBH3op.

~Iii~ f9j' ~~~ 0

Ta ji congming, you piaoliang.

0Ha H yMHa, H KpacHBa

2. IIOCJIC.QOB3TCJibHbiC CJIO:IK:HbiC, B KOTOpbiX Ka)l(,li;M 'laCTb

npHBO,li;HTCX B COOTBeTCTBHe C r.JlaBHOH 'laCTbiO. 06bi'IHO
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R~*T 1:~. ~m!X*T~~*o

Wo xian qule Shanghai, ranh<'>u you qule Beijing.
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OeKHH.

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if: li. .. ; ... £ ... H if ....
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Oua He ronbKO Kpacuoa, Ho H YMHa.

13:*-1Ht. JJ~*45 £tit

Zhe ben shu hao, na ben shu geng Mo.
o

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Dwea 7. Cno:NCHble npeiJno:NCeHUJl 275

4. AJJbTepuaTHBHbie CJIOOKHbie - npe.n.rroX<eHH.II, B qacn~x

KOTOpbiX Dpe):(CTaBJieHbi BapHaHTbi, H3 KOTOpbiX MOX<eT 6blTb
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nonb3YJOTC.II cnosa: (~~) ... , ~~ ... ; (~)... ~~- .• ;
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Tbi noe):(eiiib B lleKHH unu B lllauxaii?

IBJG*I~~t}jL lwt*l~_t¥$:, fJt:%1~tiH1J!;L

Huozhe qu Beijing, Huozhe qu Shanghai, wo juede dou
keyI.
lloexaTb HnH B lleKHH, HnH B lllauxaif - MHe KaX<eTC.II,
MOX<HO H TO, H TO.

Ha 'IJ.TO CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHM3HHC

DpH HCDOJib30B3HHH
CO'IJ.HHHTCJibHbiX CJimKHbiX npeAJimKeHHH

1. CoquuuTenbHbie COI03bi ue Moryr CTO.IITb nepe):( no.n.rreX<a-

IUHM.

llpa6Ull0 291.
Mue upaBHTCJI H neTh, u TanQeBaTb.

XfJtWxJ\P~~. XfJt%xJ\W~no
You wo xihuan changge, you wo xihuan tiaowii.
fJt!X]WxJ\P~~. [EJ:Wx.XW~no
Wo you xihuan changge, you xihuan tiaowii.

B npuBe):(euubiX npe):(noX<eHH.IIX coquuuTenhHbiH co103

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MOMY W. XJ\ , HO ue DO):(neX<ameMy ft . llo.n.rreX<amee
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cKonhKY OHO B o6eHX qaCT.IIX O):(HHaKOBO.
276 lJacm& II. CuHmaKcuc

llpaBUJlO 292.
KaK TOJibKO 3aKouqHJicH ypoK, .11 cpa:Jy nomen Jauu-
MaThCH CUOpTOM.

-f}ffiW:, *@:t'*'~'f*o
Yi wo xia ke, qu duanlian shenti.

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me.Jl&H&lM WIU opy2UM Hape'IUeM. Oo:noMy B DpHBe,ll.eHHbiX
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napyK

2. HenpasunbHoe ucnoJihJOBaHHe coe)J.HHHTeJihHbiX enos.

llpaBUJlO 293.
JI xoqy noexaTb ue TOJibKO B Xauq)Koy, no u a fyu-
JIHHb.

Wo budan xiang qu HangzhOu, he xiang qu Guilin.

~l::f1sl!~**li:1+1, iffil_§_ft!Y~I!~*fi#o 0
Wo budan xiang qu Hangzhou, erqie lye thai
xHing qu Guilin.

/1'@. )1.0JI)KH0 6biTb ynoTPe6neHO B nape c mLI:L ill HJIH

kE, HO ue c ~. Ouo CTaBHTCH B nepsoJi "!aCTH npe)J..Jlo)Ke-
HHH, B TO BpeMH KaK ITiJ £1./{B/j& CTaBHTCH BO BTOpOH
"!aCTH.
DtaBa 7. Cno:HCH&te npeiJno:HCeHUJl 277

06paTnTe ounM;tHne: Kor,na noJUieX<amue B o6eux qacTRX

O,D:HHaKOBbie, HanpHMep, KaK B npHBe,neHHbiX npeJUIO:>KeHHSIX,
/Fill ,non:>KHO CTOSITh nocne noJUie:>Kai.Qero. Kor,na noJUie-
:>Kai.QHe pa3Hbie, H /Fill, H ffiJ Ji L(Oll:>KHbl npe,nrneCTBOBaTb
nO,l{J1e:>Kai.QeMy. llOCKOllbKY {B H ~ Hape'IHSI, OHH L(Oll:>KHbl
croub so BTopon qacTH npe,nno:>KeHHR nocne no,nne:>Kai.Qero.

He TOnhKO R xoqy noexaTb B XaHq)l(oy, HO u Mapu

xoqeT zy,na noexaTb.

a~~~*ttffl.~~w~~~*ttfflo ~
Wo budan xiiing qu Hangzhou, Mall erqie ye
xiang qu Hangzhou.

~~a~*ttffl.W~~~~~*ttfflo 0
Blldan wo xiang qu Hangzhou, erqie Mali ye
xiang qu Hangzhou.

Pa3oell 2
llO.Zl'IHHHTCJlbHbie npeAJJO~CHHH • fAiU_iE~iiJ

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llOL('IHHHTellbHbie CllO:>KHbie - :no npeJUIO:>KeHHSI, rL(e OL(Ha
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KOTOpaR MOL(H<l>HQHpyeTCSI, - maBHaSI, MOL(H<l>HQHpy!OI.QaSI-
llOL('IHHeHHaSI.

KJJaccucJmKauuH
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1. IlpeL(nOOKeHHH npuquuLI, r.ne no,n'IHHeHHoe npeJUIO:>KeHne

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278 l!acmb II. CuHmaKcuc

npe.ll)lmKeHIDIX ncnonb3YJOTCH cn}?Ke6Hbie cnosa: (~1;}) ...

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Yinwei shijian bu gou, su6yi w6 mei fuxi wan.
flOCKOnbK)' BpeMeHH 6bill0 HeJ.(OCTaTO'IHO, H He 3aKOH-
'IHn noBTopeHne.

f$re£~t! T ~jf(iJ.. t!i.RPE o

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Pm }'iK cosepumn oum6Ky, TaK npH3Haif ee.
2. IlpeAJimtreHHR YC"JYIIIOI, B KOTOpbiX Ha nepBOM MeCTe CTOHT
llOJ.('IHHeHHoe, a Ha BTOpoM- masHoe, npH 3TOM OHO Bbip<DKaeT
3Ha'leHHe, IIp011fBOllOJ10lKHoe BbipiDI<eHHOMY B llOJ.('IHHeHHOM.
npu 3TOM ncnonbJYIOTCH cnosa: 111~ ... , @Jw.:ir~ ... : ~
'if... m.JY!Il ... : !fl... ; ::ftt... " ... &rm ... .
I~ 1ti::R~ /F tzt. Rs ~~fit~~ o
Jinguan tianqi bu hao, danshi w6 yao qu.
HecMOTpH Ha TO 'ITO noroJ.(a nnoxM, H see pasHo noif.l(y.

flt~.t1 ~ • I/F ttl& ll1 faJ o

Wo xiang qu, bllguo mei shijiiin.
R xoqy noifTH, OJ.(HaKo HeT speMeHH.

3. YcJIOBHbie npe.QJI«»KeHHH - 3TO TaKHe npe.lJ,JIO)f(eHHH, rJ.(e

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~ ... ; _R~ ... ~ H ~~~ ••• ~

IR~I1$iJ..Jt~{~, ~{~f~tzfo
Zhiyao ni renzhen qu zuo, jiu hui zuo de hao.
TonhKO ecnu Tbi 6yJ.(eiiih J.(enaTh TI.QaTenhHO, cMo)f(eiiib
cJ.(enaTb xopoiiio.

1-R :ffl1m. [illtiMVI 1$M{jc ,~ ~ 0

Zhiyou ta., cai m!ng bang ni jiejue w¢nti.

TonhKO OH MO)f(eT noMOI.fb Te6e pmpeiiiHTb 3TOT sonpoc.
nwea 7. OlO:JICHble nped!IO:J/CeHUJI 279

4. fipe~JJOOKeHHH Dpe~DOJJOOKeHHH - 3TO TaKHe npe,l(JIO)I(eHHR,

r,ne 8 no,nqHHeHHOM BbiCKa3biBaeTCR npe,D:DOJIO)I(eHHe, a 8
riiaBHOM- ero pe3yJibTaT. npH 3TOM OOblqHQ HCU0Jib3YJOTCR
cnooa: :!m51!1~:.lV~:!m ...• :wt ... H ~P~... ill ...

l~o :!llf$~~ -t:, lil-t: P~ o

Ruguo ni xillng qu, jiu qu ba.

EciiH Tbi xoqelllb noiiTH, H.ZJ:H.

I&P ftiM xt. ~ill :f ·tEl o

Jishi zai nan, wo ye bu pa.
,l(a)l(e eCJIH 6y;!J.eT ell.le CJIO)I(Hee, R BCe paBHO He 60IOCb.

5. fipe~JJ02KeHHH npe~noqyeHHH - 3TO TaKHe npe,D:JIO)I(eHHR,

8 KOTOpbiX 8 o6eHX qaCTRX BbiCKa3biBaiOTCR ,D:Ba pa3HbiX
~eHCTBHR, npH 3TOM B riiaBHOH qacTH CTOHT npe,nnoqTH-
TeJibHOe. npH 3TOM HCDOJib3YIOTCR CJIOBa: 'J'PJ ... , 1!?.... H
~;ft... :::f:tm ...
l~eyl:f~~. ~~re~~x-~%o
Ningke bu shuijiao, wo ye yao ba zhe pian wenzhang
xiewan.
,l(a)l(e eCJIH npH,neTCR He CUaTb, MHe BCe paBHO Ha,D:O
,D:ODHCaTb 3'fY CTaTbiO.

l~:ttl~~. l:f~oltt.~$1~0
Yiiqi xianzhe, burn zhao dian shi zuo.
lleM MMTbCR .nypbiO, nyqllle Haii~H ce6e ,neno.

6. fipe~JJ021CeHHH QeJJH - 3TO npe,D:JIO)I(eHHR, r~e no~qH­

HeHHOe HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT I.leJib, a rJiaBHOe Bblpa)l(aeT ,neii-
CTBHe pa,n:H ee ,D:OCTH)I(eHHR. npH 3TOM qaCTO HCDOJib-
JyiOTCR cnooa: 7-1 T ~HI». 1». ~ ...
if ... ;
H ~I¥J~ ...

~*· :EJ\1:fr~16,~9!~jJ~):j 0

Weile jianghli, xianzai wo bixu nuli xuexi.

Pa,n:H 6y.nyll.lero ceiiqac Ha,no ynopHo TPY~HTbCR.
280 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

tJj *
1¥1 a-t {1~ ~!I''~) L::&~IL I~ fk.l~ ~ 0

Chiiqu de shihou duo chuan dianr yifu, yimian ganmao.

oy,lleUib BbiXO,llHTb - nony'IUie O,lleBaHCR, 'IT06bl H36e-
)l(aTb rpunna.

Ha -t'TO CTOHT 00p3THTL BHHM3HHe

npu HCROJIL3083HHH
RO)J:-t'HHHTeJILHLIX npe)J:JIO~eHHH

1. 0TCYTCTBHe CJI~e6Hb1X CJIOB.

llpaBUJlo 294.
XoTb OH H 3a6onen, see pasuo npwwen ua 3aHRTHR.

1fi~{tM~7, {tf?.l:i17 o
Suiran ta bingle, ta shangke le.

l£~1fmm 7 . lfs £ifm_t i:t 7 0

Suiran ta bingle, danshi ta shangke le.

11pu nocmpoeHuu npeoRo~eHuu ycmynKu Haoo ucnoRb30-

eamb KOHCmpyKZ/UIO 1ft~... ffi~{ilJ ~f/f'J:tf#J ...
06paTHTe BHHM8HHe: eCJIH !p HCnOJih3yeTCR 80 BTOpOH
qacTH, ero cne,llyeT cTaBHTb nocne no,llJie)l(amero H nepe.Ll
CKaJyeMbiM. TaK KaK #1 - uape'IHe, uenpasHJibHO CTaBHTh
ero nepe,ll MeCTOHMeHHeM B ponH nO,llJie)l(al.l{ero. no3TOMy
cne,llyeT rosopHTb: {t!?.#ll:il T

XoTR y Hero xopowue ycnexu B yqe6e, on 3THM He

rOp,llHTCR.

£~~~~~•mM. w~~••o ~
Suiran ta xuexi ch6ngji henhao, que ta bujiaoao.

li~~~~~-mM.~W~M-o 0
Suinin ta xuexi chengji henhao. ta que bujiaoao.
Flla6Q 7. CJuXJICHble npedROJ/CeHUR 281

IIpaBUJio 295.
IlOCKOJibK)' OH OIJeHb ycTaJI, eMy Ha,ZJ.O OT,ZJ.OXH)'Tb.

1tf!.~?!.HI.t~, m*-f*.~,o
Ta jinin hen lei, yinggai xuiixi.

1U{lt~. ilm*-f*,~o
Ta jiran hen lei, j iu yinggai xuiixi.

EcRu 11eo6xoawwo 6blpa3umb omHouteHUR nputtuHbl, c!leoyem

ucnollb306amb KOHcmpyKlfUIO IOC ?!.\ ... , *'i; ... , 2oe IOC ~ 6
nepeou ttacmu 6yoem yKa3bleamb Ha nputtliHy, a eo mi:
emopou - 11a pe3yllbmam. B npHse,ZJ.eHHbiX npe.ZJ.JIO)I(eHHax
fiO,ZJ.Jie)l(all{ee BTOpOH IJaCTH fiB MO)I(HO onyCTHTb, TaK KaK
oHo cosna.n.aeT c no.n.Jie)l(all{HM B nepsoii qacTH.
06paTHTe BHHM3HHe: eCJIH fiO,ZJ.Jie)l(all{He 8 pa3HbiX IJaCTSIX
pa3Hble, TO JWt ,ZJ.OJI)I(eH CTOSITb Me)I(.ZJ.y fiO,ZJ.Jie)l(all{HM H CKa-
3yeMbiM BTOpOH IJaCTH.

IlOCKOJibKY BCe fiOHSIJIH, R He CTaJI 06'bSICHSITb.

ret~:**~JHIJ3 S T mt!tt/GM~ T
jiran dajia dou mingbai le, jiu wo bujieshi le.

re£~:**~~87 !ttmt/GM~To 0
jiran daj ia dou mingbai le, wo j iu bu j ieshi Ie.
IIpaaUJio 296.
,l],~e ecJIH noro.n.a 6y.n.eT nnoxM, R noH.n.y.

f!Pft*-4./Gtlf, !Jt~o
Jishi tianqi bu Mo, wo qu.
I&Pfti*-4./Gtlf, !Jt~~o
Jishi tianqi bu hao, wo ye qu.

Kor.n.a Ha,ZJ.O Bbipa3HTh npe.n.nono)l(eHHe, cne.n.yeT HcnoJib30-

BaTb KOHCTpyKQHIO [!p ft ... , iE. ... , r.n.e [!p ft CTOHT B nep-
BOH qacTH, a ill. - so BTopoii.
282 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

06paTHTe BHHM8HHe: iE - 3TO Hapeq11e 11 ,D.OIDKHO CTOSITb

nocne no,D.JieX<all(ero.

2. HenpaB11JibHoe Mecro CJI)')f(e6HbiX enos.

Hpa6UJIO 297.
R npo)K.AaJI K)'qy opeMenu, a on TaK u ue npuweJI.
!ft~71LfB*~· .&rmtLtB&*o
Wo dengle ta bantian, tan'er ta mei l<ii.

!ft~71LfB*~· tLtB.&rm&*o
Wo dengle ta bantian, ta :tan'er mei hii.

& ffii - 3TO uapeq11e, BbipaX<aroll.(ee 3HaqeHI1e ycrynKI1.

Ecnu noiJnexaUJue pa3Hble e 11acmRX npeonoxemm, KaK B
np11se.neHHOM npe,D.JioX<eHI111, TO & ffii Haoo cmaeumb nocne
nooJle:HCaUJe20 60 6mopou 'lacmu.

3. HenpaBI1JibHaSI nocTaHOBKa CJI)')f(e6HbiX enos.

HpaBUJio 298.
TOJibKO ecnu Tbi 6y.newb ynopuo yqHTbCSI, cMmKewb
Bbiy<IHTbCSI xopowo.

J=C~~}J~)], :tf3~~m~o
Zhiyao niili xuexi, cai neng xue de hao.

~)]~)], ~f3~~m~o
Zhiyao niili xuexi, jiu neng xue de.hao.

IR:ffl~n~33, ~f3~~f~~o
Zhlyou niili xuexi, cai neng xue de hao.

Cnoso .R~ noKa3bisaeT ycnoBHbie OTHoweHI1SI 11 ,D.OJIX<HO

11CDOJib30BaTbCSI BMeCTe C f,lt, TO eCTb 9,_ Ji. ... , tl[ ... ;
Dza6a 7. C!uxJICHble npedJIOJ/CeHUJI 283

a CllOBO _Rtf ,nomKHO coqeTaTbCJI C 7.f-, TO eCTb _Rtf ... ,

:;t
06paTHTe BHHMauue, qro ycnosue, CTOJ~I.Qee nocne .R
~, - He e.nuucTseuuoe, a ycnosue nocne ,R 1f - e.nuu-
CTBeuuoe.

4. He.nocTaTOK He}'.l{anHMoro qneua.

llpaBUJIO 299.
TonbKO ecnu .nenaTb aKKypaTHo, MO:>KHo c.nenaTb xo-
powo.

R~iA~~1$:. ~-1tllf~Mo
Zhiyou renzhen qu zuo, cai zuo de hao.

R~iA~2i:1tfl, ::teMtllf~Mo
Zhiyou renzhen qu zuo, cai neng zuo de hao.

Op11 11CDOllb30BaHHI1 _R:ff ... , ;1- _nng BblpiDKeHHJI ycno-

BHJI Ha,L{O o6paTI1Tb BHI1MaHI1e, qTQ 80 BTOpOH qaCTI1 Bbipa-
)((aeTCJI B03MO:>KHOCTb, a noroMy ueo6xo,nuMo ucnonb30BaTb
~ BMecrec ;t

TonbKO B3pocJibiM MO)KHO KYPHTb.

R~~~A. ::tMiii!Io
Zhi you cheng nian ren, cai chouyan.

R~~~A. :;1-e~Mlii!Io
Zhi you cheng nian ren, cai neng chouyiin.

TonbKO ecnu 6h1Tb ycep,nHbiM, MO:>KHO ,noCTH% ycne:xa.

R~~jJ, ~-~f~~:9Jo
Zhi you null, cai huo de cheng gong.
R~~jJ, ~-e~~~~~r}Jo
Zhi you null, cai neng huo de cheng gong.
284 lfacmb II. CuHmaKcuc

llpaBUJlO 300.
He SIDKHO, H,ZJ:eT .ZJ.O)KJJ.b HJIH HeT, .II see pasHO nou.u.y Ha
ymn.\y 3aHnMaTbC.II cnoPTOM.

xitrf:m, !ltW~ili~*~~-f*:o
Wulim xia yii, wo dou yao chuqu duimliimshenti.
x~r~rf:m. !ltW~ili~*~~-f*:o 0
wo dou yao chiiqu duanliim
Wulim xia bu xia yii,
shenti.

x~rf:m~~~~.!ltW~ili~*~~-f*:o 0
wo dou yao chiiqu
Wulim xia yii haishi gua !eng,
duimliim shenti.

B ycnoSHbiX CO'IeTaHH.IIX c ~ ~ ..• tl3 ... ~ ~ o6hi'IHO

npHHHMaeT .nse pa3Hbie ewryaQHH. HanpHMep, s npHse,neH-
HhiX npe.ZJ.IIO:>KeHH.IIX -ff.ill - 3TO O,D:Ha eH'ryaQH.II, a /f'rf.ill
HJIH j!ilj )X\. - 3TO ,npyra.11.
06paTHTC BHHM3HHC: eCJIH DOCile ~~ He CTOHT ynOMH-
HaHHe .u.syx ycJIOSHH, sonpOCHTeiibHbie Hape'IH.II, TaKHe KaK
~, HJIH SOnpOCHTeJibHbie MeeTOHMeHH.II, KaK P]~, .!J.OJI:>KHbl
HenOJib30BaTbC.II 8 nepBOH 'laCTH.

He BIDKHO, HaeKOIIbKO .11 3aH.IIT, .11 see pasHo noH.u.y.

xit·tt. !!tW~~ 0

Wulim mang, wo dou yao qu.

xit~·tt. !!tW~~ 0

Wulun duo mang, WO dou yao qu.

He BIDKHO, B KaKou napK, no .11 see pasno xoqy noHTH .

.=I= 'I.\. I,\.~::;;:] ::m-'ltrr;f§ ±.

./L.. "J;t; 'A JZ.\!1 • 1X.11P·~' -z.:;; o
Wulun gongyuan, wo dou xiang qu.
7CitPJJ~1-01Z9, !!tW~~ ~ o
Wulun nage gongyuan. wo dou xiang qu.
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