DESIGN OF A 12V BATTERY CHARGER

USING SCR

A Project based lab report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BY

V.Gowtham-170060065

Y.Mahendra-170060067

Mohammad Hayazi-170060072

Md Ayan-170060075

UNDER THE ESTEEMED GIUDANCE OF

K. NARSHIMA RAJU
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF EEE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KL UNIVERSITY
GREEN FIELDS, VADDESWARAM, TADEPALLI,
GUNTUR-522502, ANDHRA PRADESH
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Head of The Department

DR. S V N LALITA, Course coordinator DR.K. NARSHIMA RAJU sir and lab
technicians for their supervision and guidance.
We wish to express deep sense of gratitude to our guide DR.K. NARSHIMA RAJU
sir for her co-operation, encouragement and timely suggestions in our
academics.

Project Associates
V.Gowtham-170060065

Y.Mahendra-170060067

Mohammad Hayazi-170060072

Md Ayan-170060075
 KL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This Is certified that the project based lab entitled “DESIGN OF 12V BATTERY
CHARGER USING SCR” Which is an experimental work carried out by
MD.AYAN(170060075) in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of
“Bachelor of technology” in department of “Electrical & Electrical Engineering”
,During the year 2018-2019.The lab based project has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements.

Signature of the Course Instructor Signature of Head of Department

 CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. COMPONENTS

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5. THEORY

6. PROCEDURE

7. OUTPUT

8. REFERENCE
 ABSTRACT
In the battery charging using SCR . The AC signal is rectified using a SCR and a comparator
is used to detect the battery charge voltage with respect to a reference voltage so as to control
the switching of the SCR. The principle behind the circuit lies in controlling the switching of
an SCR based on the charging and discharging of the battery. Here the SCR acts as a rectifier
as well as a switch to allow the rectified DC voltage to be fed to charge the battery. In case
the battery gets fully charged, this situation is detected using a comparator circuit and SCR is
turned off.
 INTRODUCTION
The battery is charged with small amount of AC voltage or DC voltage. So if you want to
charge your battery with AC source then should follow these steps, we need first limit the large
AC voltage, need to filter the AC voltage to remove the noise, regulate and get the constant
voltage and then give the resulting voltage to the battery for charging. Once charging is
completed the circuit should automatically turned off.

Applications of Battery Charger Circuit using SCR

1. It can be used to charge batteries used for toys.

2. It is a portable circuit and can be carried anywhere
3. It can be used as an automatic battery charger, used specially during driving.

Limitations of Battery charger circuit

1. The AC to DC conversion here uses only the rectifier and may contain AC ripples as
there is no filter.
2. The half wave rectifier makes the charging and discharging quite slow.
3. This circuit cannot be used for batteries with higher Ampere-hour rating.
4. The battery charging may take longer time.
 COMPONENTS

1.THERMISTER-TYN612
2.RESISTOR-22ohm,330 ohm,820 ohm,100 ohm,1 ohm,100 ohm
3.DIODE-1N4001(4 PIECES)
4.BJT-BC547C
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Figure Description
 THEORY
Introduction to SCR:
SCR is abbreviation for Silicon Controlled Rectifier. SCR has three pins anode, cathode and gate as
shown in the below figure. It is made up of there PN junction diodes also; it is solid state equivalent of
gas filled triode and has around four semi conductor layers. SCR can conduct the current in a single
direction or we can say SCR’s are unidirectional. The SCR can be triggered only at the gate through
the current. SCR will combine the features of rectifier and transistor. They are mainly used in
switching applications. They can also be triggered with the break over voltage (if the forward voltage
is more than the break down voltage of the component). They are mainly used in the high voltage and
high power for controlling purpose. They are also used in the light dimming, voltage regulators, motor
control etc.

SCR Operating Modes:

To turn on the SCR the small amount of voltage or voltage equal to break over voltage is required
to the gate which will trigger the SCR and when the SCR is turned on, it will have very low resistance
and allow the power to conduct and also increase the anode current. Even if we remove the gate
voltage also it will be in conduction. The only way to make the SCR to turn off is to make the voltage
to zero or make the current less than the handling current between the anode and cathode.
There are two ways to turn on the SCR is the first way is to turn on by opening the gate and
compensate the power supply to the break over voltage. And second way is to supplying the voltage
to operate the SCR with less than break over voltage and applying the small amount of about 1.5V
applied to the gate which will trigger the SCR.
When the SCR is turned off it will have high resistance and restrict the current to the leakage
current. To turn off the SCR from on state also have only one ways normally people think that if we
stop the gate current the SCR will become turn off, but it will not this state is called “loss of control”,
the only way is turnoff the SCR is reducing the supply voltage to zero.
 PROCEDURE

1.The AC main voltage is given to the step down transformer the voltage should be down to 20V
approx. the step down voltage is given to the SCR for rectification and SCR rectifies AC main
voltage. This rectified voltage is used to charge battery.
2.When the battery connecter to the charging circuit, the battery will not be dead completely and it
will get discharged this will give the forward bias voltage to the transistor through the diode D2 and
resistor R7 which will get turned on. When the transistor is turned on the SCR will get off.
3. When the battery voltage is dropped the forward bias will be decreased and transistor gets turned
off. When the transistor is turned off automatically the diode D1 and resistor R3 will get the current to
the gate of the SCR, this will triggers the SCR and gets conduct. SCR will rectifies the AC input
voltage and give to the battery through Resistor R6.
4. This will charge the battery when the voltage drop in the battery decreases the forward bias current
also gets increased to the transistor when the battery is completely charged the Transistor Q1 will be
again turned on and turned off the SCR.
 OUTPUT

Description:
Ripple=(Vmax-Vmin)/Vmax
=(14-11.2)/14
=0.2 or 20%
Vavg=(Vmax+Vmin)/2
=(14+11.2)/2
=12.6

RESULT:
Hence we can see the 12v voltage in the Digital Storage Oscilloscope .
 REFERENCES

Source: http://www.electronicshub.org/battery-charger-circuit-using-scr/
 CONCLUSION
The project is successfully completed to the extent possible. The results of the
project are shown earlier. Some more functions or modules may be added to
project. After studying the SCR the output can more be improved.