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Temperature
Temperature
TEMPERATURE
JAKARTA
FOREWORD
In the name of a loving and most merciful Allah. All praise and
gratitude to Allah, who by his blessing we can finish this paper well and
smoothly. Sholawat and Regards are still given to our lord the great Prophet
SAW and for his family, friends and followers who faithfully accompany him.
Thank you to family, lecturers, and friends who were involved in making this
paper with prayer and the guidance of this paper can be resolved well and
smoothly.
There is no ivory that is not cracked, so is this paper, therefore we are waiting
for constructive criticism and we hope for the perfection of this paper.
Compiler Team
Chapter I
PREFACE
A. Background
Hot objects have high temperatures, while chilled objects have a low
temperature. Please note that temperature is a quantity, so that which has a
temperature of course objects.
Discussion
A. Temperatur
Hot objects have high temperatures, while chilled objects have a low
temperature. Please note that temperature is a quantity, so that which has a
temperature of course objects. For example the temperature of ice that is
melting, the temperature of boiling water and so on. So there is no
temperature in the place or room, which is the temperature of the place or
room.
B. Scale Of Temperature
In America many use the Fahrenheit scale (0˚F). In making the scale, a
reference point is sought, which is called a fixed point and then made the scale
as we wish. Before 1954 two points were determined as standard references,
namely ice points and vapor points.
The ice point is a point where there is a mixture of water that saturates
the air with ice that is pressurized 1 atmosphere. Whereas the vapor point is
the temperature where there is boiling water at a pressure of 1 atmosphere.
Fahrenheit in 1724 determined the scale of the temperature at 32⁰F is the ice
point, at 212⁰F is the vapor point and the rectal temperature ranges from
98.60⁰F.
But in the field of medicine the temperature scale most often used in
clinical practice is the scale of Celsius (or centigrade). The celsius scale is
divided into 100⁰ between 0⁰ celsius as the lowest fixed point (ice point) and
100⁰C as the upper fixed point (boiling point of water). It must be added that
this fixed point is determined at normal atmospheric pressure because its
value depends on the air pressure when the measurement is made.
The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K). The Kelvin scale has the
same division as the celsius scale but on the Kelvin scale there is an absolute
zero temperature where a molecular movement stops. This absolute zero
temperature situation (K) is not really obtained, but if there is a value it is -
273⁰C! then 0⁰C is equivalent to 273 K and so on.
This scale was originally made with alcohol which was already somewhat
decayed, so the Réaumur thermometer made with mercury is not a true Réaumur
thermometer. Réaumur may choose the number 80 because it can be divided 4
times with integers (40, 20, 10, 5), while 100 can only be divided twice with
integer results (50, 25). The Réaumur scale is widely used in Europe, especially in
France and Germany, but was later replaced by Celsius. Currently the Réaumur
scale is rarely used except in the candy and cheese industry.
C. Formulation
from the explanation above, note the boiling point of water and
freezing water as follows:
C: F: R: K
5: 9: 4: 5
Example : from 80⁰ celcius, what is the degree of reamur, kelvin and
fahrenheit?
Celsius → R
= (4/5) x 80
= 64⁰R
Because Reamur and Celsius both start from 0⁰, the result: 64 + 0 = 64⁰ R
Celsius → K
= (5/5) x 80
= 80
Celsius → F
= (9/5) x 80
= 144
Kelvin → C
= (5/5) x (300-273)
= 27⁰ C
Kelvin → F
= (9/5) x (300-273)
= (9/5) x 27
= 48.6
Because the point is below Fahrenheit 32, the result: 48.6 + 32 = 80.6⁰ F
Kelvin → R
= (4/5) x (300-273)
= (4/5) x (27)
= 21,6⁰R
[Less 273 first so that the bottom point is the same as Reamur, which is 0]
Things to note are the scale of the comparison and the location of the upper and
lower points on each scale.
D. Thermometer
Type of thermometer
1. Mercury thermometer
2. Thermocouple
3. Infrared thermometer
4. Galileo thermometer
5. Thermistor
6. Alcohol thermometer
7. Body thermometer
8. Laboratory thermometer
Laboratory thermometers are used to measure temperature or
temperature changes with a high degree of accuracy. Traditional
glass thermometer designs offer convenience and low cost.