TO DESIGN, TO WRITE
In the fast-developing days of technology, it
is possible for one to graspknowledge and
gain information on practically everything
their mindsets upon. If one wishes to be
aware of the happenings around them,
themedia is always at aid; keeping people
updated on the latest politicalscenarios, the
latest smart phone in town or even on the
latest moviepreviews. Over the years,
journalism and media have helped us to
learn,evolve, cooperate, modernize, critic
and curate in respect to the ongoings of the
world.Journalism is concerned with the
dissemination of the news and views ofthe
society through newspapers, magazines,
radio, television, films,advertising etc. On a
more specific note, architectural
journalism,includes the study and
documentation of the latest works of
architectureby appreciation or criticizing the
same in respect with the emergingtrends of
the industry, structural maneuverability,
constructiontechniques and building
materials. It is a profession that helps realize
abuilding through strong linguistics, logics
and technicalities ofarchitectural knowledge
and informatics. It helps the architect
portraytheir sentiments and thoughts for the
common man to understood evenwithout
knowing the architectural complexities of
their design. As said
by Guy Debord, “ideas improve, but the
meaning of words
participates
in the improvement”
Architectural Journalism, architect Pappal
Suneja explores with a multi-faceted
approach the depth and width of this
profession within the goals of literary
journalism. The chapters cover with a
comprehensive understanding of this
creative profession the many dimensions
that challenge the practice. These chapters
also delve into the many aspects that make
the lives of these individuals from their early
student days to their final edges.
Towards An Architectural Journalism
This blurring of the margins between art and
journalism Cramerotti terms Aesthetic
Journalism, a strain of contemporary art in
which artists using the tools and
methodologies of investigative journalism —
archival and field research, interviewing,
documentary and narrative storytelling,
surveys, infographics and other display
formats — offer alternative views of reality,
political and otherwise, than those presented
by mainstream media. The result of the
artist’s research operates within an artistic
context not the channels of the news media,
although it is used as a critical instrument of
investigation for a whole host of social,
cultural and political situations that challenge
notions of journalistic truth and objectivity.
Writing captions
In most photo captions, the first sentence
identifies the people and place in the
photograph, and the date and location where it
was taken. The second (and perhaps third)
sentence should provide contextual information
to help readers understand what they are
looking at.
The exact format for captions vary from
publication to publication, but a basic photo
captions should:
Clearly identify the people and locations that
appear in the photo. Professional titles should
be included as well as the formal name of the
location. SPELL NAMES CORRECTLY (check
against the spellings in the article if necessary).
For photographs of more than one person,
identifications typically go from left to right. In
the case of large groups, identifications of only
notable people may be required and sometimes
no identifications are required at all. Your
publication should establish a standard for its
photographers.
Include the date and day the photograph was
taken. This is essential information for a news
publication. The more current a photo is, the
better. If an archive photograph or photograph
taken prior to the event being illustrated is used,
the caption should make it clear that it is a “file
photo.”
Photo journalism
Photojournalism is the process of story
telling using the medium of photography as
your main story telling device. While a
journalist will use their pen and paper to tell
stories, a photojournalist will use their
camera to capture the visual representation
of a story.
Most of us are familiar with the old adage “a
picture is worth a thousand words”. Well this
is the theory behind photojournalism. News
publications are willing to pay top dollar to
those photojournalists who can capture the
most dramatic images on film or their CCD
chip.
Robert Capa is a great example of a
photojournalist. He photographed many
wars and had the motto “If your pictures
aren’t good enough you’re not close
enough”. Unfortunately this motto lead to his
death as he was fatally injured in the
Indochina War.
Ethical and Legal Issues in
Journalism:
Smoking; sleeping with informant; stealth and
elicit means; 'informants vs sources';
Insider - breach of confidence case;
Freedom of the press: this is now
constitutional as a right to hold and express an
opinion - constitutionality includes - to seek
out information and to express opinion
-- but ultimately the test is a trade off
with other constitutional guarantees
1. access to courts and the rights to a fair
trial;
access to proceedings but also contempt
of court or parliament - the alleged ie
notion of both legal and quasi-legal
proceedings - the right of courts to
conduct their business of justice in their
own way - rights of camera access;
publication of the names of the accused;
follow up on investigations?
2. national security, defamation and privacy
issues
Defamation and Libel:
-fair comment and 'true opinions'
the notion of privilege
defences for defamatory libel
Confidentiality of News Sources -- in the last
resort doesn't exist if there is a criminal reason
they can subpoena - but you can destroy notes
and tapes too…
- Taking pictures and filming; recording
- On and off the record;
- editorial control
- breach of contract (power to control)
- breach of trust or confidence;
Investigative Reporting
-the Vogel Case vs. CBC (source check
for motivation and accuracy)
- W5 undercover filming of high
pressure tactics of selling;
- there is no obligation to inform but
there are dangers…ie defamation
insurance.
- Defamation of character and
publication bans….
Publication Bans and Restraining Orders -
Invasion of Privacy
Defenses include consent or implied
consent
It was required by law - but camera
people cannot follow police
Undertaken by a police officer in the
pursuit of duty
(ie student journalist case)
- matter of public interest and fair
comment and not defamatory
National Security - Stevie Cameron;
ViveleCanada.ca
Examples: bait car and entrapment;
undercover
- W5 - hidden camera?
What is Plagiarism?
Oxford English Dictionary defines Plagiarism
as the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing
and publication" of another author's
"language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions"
and the
representation of them as one's own original
work.
Fishman (2009) defines Plagiarism by
mentioning various elements involved in it:
Plagiarism occurs when someone1. Uses
words, ideas, or work products
Visual elements
Photographs
Pros: Photographs are good tools to make
or emphasize a point or to explain a topic.
For example, when explaining the
shanty-towns in a Third World country it
would be beneficial to show a picture of one
so the reader can have a better
understanding of how those people live. A
photograph is also good to use when the
actual object cannot be viewed. For
example, in a health class learning about
cocaine, the teacher cannot bring in cocaine
to show the class because that would be
illegal, but the teacher could show a picture
of cocaine to the class.
Drawings or diagrams
Pros: Drawings or diagrams can be used
when photographs do not show exactly what
the speaker wants to show or explain. It
could also be used when a photograph is too
detailed. For example, a drawing or diagram
of the circulatory system throughout the
body is a lot more effective than a picture of
a cadaver showing the circulatory system.
Cons:If not drawn correctly a drawing can
look sloppy and be ineffective. This type of
drawing will appear unprofessional.
History
The practice of illustrating news stories with
photographs was made possible by printing
and photography innovations that occurred
in the mid 19th century. Although early
illustrations had appeared in newspapers,
such as an illustration of the funeral of Lord
Horatio Nelson in The Times (1806), the first
weekly illustrated newspaper was the
Illustrated London News, first printed in
1842.[1] The illustrations were printed with
the use of engravings.
The first photograph to be used in illustration
of a newspaper story was a depiction of
barricades in Paris during the June Days
uprising taken on 25 June 1848;
Journalistic ethics and
standards comprise principles of ethics
and good practice applicable to journalists.
This subset of media ethics is known as
journalism's professional "code of ethics"
and the "canons of journalism".[1] The basic
codes and canons commonly appear in
statements by professional journalism
associations and individual print, broadcast,
and online news organizations.
While various codes may have some
differences, most share common elements
including the principles of truthfulness,
accuracy, objectivity, impartiality, fairness,
and public accountability, as these apply to
the acquisition of newsworthy information
and its subsequent dissemination to the
public
Copy right issues, plagiarism
Introduction:
The evolution of copyright has been closely
linked to technological development.
Whereas,
most of the technologies made copyright
protection more difficult, digital computers
managed to alter the fundamental concepts
behind copyright. Copyrights have a great
influence on majority of library activities.
They shape the type of services offered by
libraries
to their users and the conditions on which a
library can offer access to materials
protected
by copyright. As a result, copyright affect the
way libraries can function and conduct
activities such as storing, protecting and
making their collections available.
Harrod’s Librarians’ Glossary explains
Copyright as “a procedure whereby the
originator of a
piece of intellectual property (book, article,
piece of music etc.) acquires a series of
rights
over the work created, including copying,
publishing, performing, broadcasting and
adaptation. The changing world and
multiplicity of items led to substantial
changes in
copyright legislation and international
agreements, current technological advances
have put
copyright law under stress again.”
Objects
The use of objects as visual aids involves
bringing the actual object to demonstrate on
during the speech. For example, a speech
about tying knots would be more effective by
bringing in a rope.
Pro: the use of the actual object is often
necessary when demonstrating how to do
something so that the audience can fully
understand procedure.
Con: some objects are too large or
unavailable for a speaker to bring with them.
Models
Models are representations of another object
that serve to demonstrate that object when
use of the real object is ineffective for some
reason. Examples include human skeletal
systems, the solar system, or architecture.
Pros: models can serve as substitutes that
provide a better example of the real thing to
the audience when the object being spoken
about is of an awkward size or composure
for use in the demonstration..
Graphs
Graphs are used to visualize relationships
between different quantities. Various types
are used as visual aids, including bar
graphs, line graphs, pie graphs, and scatter
plots.
Pros: graphs help the audience to visualize
statistics so that they make a greater impact
than just listing them verbally would.
Captioning photos is an important part of
journalism. Captions must be accurate and
informative. In fact, most readers tend to look at
the photos, and then the captions, in a story
before they decide whether they want to read the
story itself.[1] Use the following points to help
write a caption that will intrigue the reader enough
to read the story.
Sample Photojournalism Captions
Photo that features an individual(s):
Drum major Elizabeth Jones leads the 120th
annual Veterans’ Day parade down Main Street
in Cooper, Wyoming. (Michael Smith 2017)
Dog steals flounder from Liverpool open-air
market. (Photographer unknown, circa 1850)
Photo of nature or natural phenomenon:
Female polar bear pursues Arctic sea lion across
the ice in the Alaskan wilderness. (Amber Jones
2005)
Northern lights in the night sky above Reykjavik.
(The Arctic Institute 2010. Time-lapse)
What is Copyright?
Copyright laws (title 17, U. S. Code) provide
protection to the authors of “original works of
authorship,” including literary, dramatic,
musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual
works. This protection is available to both
published and unpublished works.Under
copyright
law, if you don't own the copyright to a work,
you cannot do the following without
permission from the copyright holder:
Reproduce copies of the work
Create derivative works based on the work
Distribute copies of the work
Perform the work publicly
Display the work publicly
There are various times when the
reproduction of a particular work may be
considered fair,
such as criticism, comment, news reporting,
teaching, scholarship, and research.
However,
under certain circumstances, using parts of
copyrighted works is considered “fair use,”
and is
allowable under the law. Courts consider
these four factors in determining whether or
not a
particular use is fair:
the purpose and character of the use,
including whether such use is of commercial
nature
or is for nonprofit educational purposes
Difference between Copyright Infringement
and Plagiarism:
The Differences between Copyright
Infringement and Plagiarism can be studied
with the
help of the concepts being discussed by
various University Libraries supported by
examples.