NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF JOINING FRATERNITY TO THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SHS STUDENTS IN ANHS

A research proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of Argao National High School
Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 2
Quantitative Research

By

Bryan M. Geverola

Rodlaine B. Aguilar

Laurence A. Lucero

Rey John Repolidon

Cristine Joy Cambarijan

1
 Table of Contents

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SCOPE……………………………………………4

1.1 RATIONALE………………………………………………..………………….……4

1.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND………………………………………………….7

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ……………………………………….........11

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY…………………………………………….…12

1.5 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION……………………………………………………13

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………………………………14

CHAPTER II..…………………………………………………………………………………..15

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES………………………15

CHAPTER III…………………………………………………………………………………...20

3.1 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………..…………..……20

3.1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN………………………………………………..…20

3.1.2 RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT…………………………………………20

3.1.3 RESEARCH RESPONDENTS………………………………………...20

3.1.4 RESEARCH SAMPLING…………………………………………….…22

3.1.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT……………………………………..…….22

3.1.6 STATISTICAL TREATMENT………………………………………..…22

3.1.7 RESEARCH PROCEDURE……………………………………………22

3.2 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………..…………………24

3.3 APPENDICES………………………………………………..………………..…..27

2
 3.3.1 APPENDIX A………………………………………………..…………..28

3.3.2 APPENDIX B………………………………………………..……….....29

3.3.3 APPENDIX C………………………………………………..……….....30

3.3.4 APPENDIX D………………………………………………..…………..31

3.3.5 APPENDIX E………………………………………………..…………..32

3.4 CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………41

3
 Chapter 1
The Scope and its Problem
Introduction

Rationale of the Study

Humans are dynamic creatures. These beings tend to explore a lot, especially teenagers

whose main goal is to find their rightful place in this world. In the journey of self-discovery,

unexpected situations are inevitable. Your purpose in life, means digging deep into your childhood

and revealing the experiences that shaped you, good or bad. It means realizing what your beliefs

are and living by them (Makedonas, 2017). The effects of self-discovery include happiness,

fulfillment, clarity and maybe even enlightenment. The journey however is not always an easy

road. The journey includes fear, confusion, misunderstanding, doubt and literally revisiting all your

choices in life. It requires making some tough decisions and sticking to them. In the process of

looking for their rightful place in this world, some come across a different type of family—a

brotherhood known as fraternity.

The word fraternity has its origins in Old French, fraternite, with even older use from Latin,

fraternitatem, which means brotherhood (Bryce, 2014). Bryce (2014) also added that the latin

equivalent of the word brother is still used by some groups in the present day. Brotherhood is

fellowship, an alliance, a feeling of friendship and understanding one another. It’s the bonding of

young men of different backgrounds and beliefs who practice good faith in their fraternity values

by following in their founder’s footsteps. They are brothers in the same fraternity because they

share same interests. They may not get along with every brother in the fraternity, but through thick

and thin, they’ll back each other up (Clarke, 2014).

In every advantages, there will always be disadvantages facing right across it. According

to Neil Kokemuller (2007), the disadvantages of Sororities and Fraternities are as follows; first,

they tend to limit social reach. Fraternities are formal communities and in some cases, tightly knit

houses could limit the ability of students to branch out and develop relationship with others.

4
Second is the expenses; College is a major investment even without getting involved with Greek

life, whilst social events and activities might lead to more money spent on clothing ang supplies.

Next is danger behaviors; Hazing, which commonly takes place during rush week for new

pledges, is notorious for heavy drinking and parties. Lastly is academic distractions; Fraternity

and sorority involvement can be extremely time-consuming. Members often plan and participate

in formal dances, dinners and events. These distractions are especially challenging for freshmen

who haven’t yet learned to balance classes, study time, work and social events. Freshmen got

used to their highschool life where it is a bit relaxing compared to college whereas the school

works are more grinding.

School is important because it is a tool to help us prepare for life. Not only can they learn

the basic skills to read, write and do arithmetic but we can learn about people, places and nature.

Outside of the classroom, students also learn valuable lessons at school, such as social skills,

behavior, work ethic, working for people they don’t like, and gaining a sense of personal

achievement, and how to manage time well. “Findings indicated that joining a fraternity or sorority

in the first year, and many in subsequent years, required so much time and emotional commitment

that it had a serious negative impact on academic performance. Many colleges and universities

have considered imposing standards to govern the Greek organizations. This has included

supervision of membership qualifications, pledging procedures and group activities” (Grubb,

2006). Being a student is difficult enough for ordinary students, what more to the students who

are a member of an organizations where their time are not enough to compile and complete their

different tasks.

According to D. Ordway (2017) who gathered these data stating that “Sorority members

appear to be more distracted from their classes during their spring semesters after their freshmen

year, when they are involved in recruiting and educating new members, During these semesters,

being a sorority member is associated with a slightly lower grade-point average.” As what Denise

Ordway have stated, fraternity keeps them busy that they prioritize the fraternity than paying

5
attention to their studies to upgrade their grades. Kimbrough (2010) stated that joining a fraternity

or sorority is more difficult than it is to get married or get a job and many students want to join an

organization and are willing to do whatever it takes no matter what. Basing on Kimbrough (2010),

joining a fraternity or sorority is more difficult than it is to get married, yet many students want to

join and are said willing to do whatever it takes no matter what. Kokemuller (2007) Joining a

fraternity or sorority also provides advantages for finding a career after school. Long-running frats

and sororities usually have a strong connection to their alumni. In fact, many alumni serve as

advisers to houses. Alumni are great networking resources if you find one in your field or a

company you have interest in working for. Frats and sororities often have community pages on

social networking sites, which provide access to thousands of professional alumni.

Geographically-located networking events are held by some houses for members and alumni.

This information is usually available on the chapter's website or social networking community

page. Greek life members also engage in community service and other on-campus activities,

which looks good on a resume.

Here in Philippines, fraternity are very common especially to the teenagers. However, for

many years now, numerous number of students are getting killed through fraternity hazing.

Nonetheless, students risk their lives, body and soul for their organization. Fraternities or

sororities are considered as an inadequate organization. It affects the performance of the students

who are a member of fraternity and those family member of it. Many students find that

membership in a chapter gives them opportunities to develop valuable skills that they have not

been able to find in a different place.

In the municipality of Argao, to be specific, in Argao National High Shool, there is a

population of students who joined fraternity. The fraternity members we witnessed here are not

screaming for danger like what people expected from fraternity membership, they are just like

normal students except that they’re a group or organization. There are about 20 fraternities here

6
in Philippines. They have different bonds and rules, but their goal is one. There are lots of negative

reactions when they hear the word fraternity, when in fact, it takes one to know one.

This study aims to identify if there is a difference between students joining fraternity to

their academic performance. In identifying, we will benefit from it in a way that if we have a family

member or friends that is a member of a fraternity or sorority, we can tell or show them its effects

and advise them on their next actions.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theory used in this study is Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory explains that

part of a person’s concept of self comes from the groups to which that person belongs. An

individual does not just have a personal selfhood, but multiple selves and identities associated

with their affiliated groups. A person might act differently in varying social contexts according to

the groups they belong to, which might include a sports team they follow, their family, their country

of nationality, and the neighborhood they live in, among many other possibilities.

When a person perceives themselves as part of a group, that is an ingroup for them, while

other comparable groups that person does not identify with are called outgroups. We have an

“us" vs. “them" mentality when it comes to our ingroups and their respective outgroups.

There are three processes that create this ingroup/outgroup mentality: Social

Categorization. First, we categorize people in order to understand and identify them. Some

examples of social categories include black, white, professor, student, Republican, and Democrat.

By knowing what categories we belong to, we can understand things about ourselves, and we

can define appropriate behavior according to the groups that we and others belong to. An

individual can belong to several groups at the same time.

Social Identification. We adopt the identity of the group that we belong to, and we act in

ways that we perceive members of that group act. For example, if you identify as a Democrat,

7
you will most likely behave within the norms of that group. As a consequence of your identification

with that group, you will develop emotional significance to that identification, and your self-esteem

will be dependent on it.

Social Categorization. We categorize people in order to understand and identify them.

Some examples of social categories include black, white, professor, student, Republican, and

Democrat. By knowing what categories we belong to, we can understand things about ourselves,

and we can define appropriate behavior according to the groups that we and others belong to. An

individual can belong to several groups at the same time.

Social Comparison. After we categorize ourselves within a group and identify ourselves

as being members of that group, we tend to compare our group (the ingroup) against another

group (an outgroup). To maintain your self-esteem, you and your group members will compare

your group favorably against other ones. This helps explain prejudice and discrimination, since a

group will tend to view members of competing groups negatively to increase self-esteem.

Intergroup Comparisons

There are a couple things that tend to happen in the process of comparing an ingroup to

an outgroup, as mentioned above. Members of an ingroup will tend to:

favor the ingroup over the outgroup

maximize the differences between the ingroup and the outgroup (it is necessary to

maintain that the groups are distinct if a person is favoring their group over the other)

minimize the perception of differences between ingroup members (this increases ingroup

cohesion)

remember more positive information about the ingroup and more negative information

about the outgroup

The Interpersonal-Intergroup Continuum

Another main aspect of social identity theory is its explanation that social behavior falls on

a continuum that ranges from interpersonal behavior to intergroup behavior. Social identity theory

8
states that social behavior will want a person to change his/her behavior while in a group. It varies

along a continuum between interpersonal behavior and intergroup behavior. Most social

situations will call for a compromise between these two ends of the spectrum. As an example,

Henri Tajfel suggests that soldiers fighting an opposing army represent behavior at the extreme

intergroup end of the interpersonal-intergroup spectrum.

The supporting theory that we used is the Ideal Theory of Michael Kremer & Dan Levy

(2005). Sigma Alpha Epsilon “strives to give young men the leadership, scholarship, service and

social experiences they need to excel…” SAEs “strive to mold [their] members into gentlemen so

they can set an example in today’s society.”[i] Sigma Nu stylizes its members as “knights” who

“believe in the life of life, walk the in the way of honor, and serve in the light of truth.”[ii] Beta Theta

Pi strives to “develop men of principle for a principled life.”[iii] Phi Delta Theta “was built on three

pillars that haven’t budged an inch since” the fraternity was founded, including the pillar of “the

attainment…of a high standard of morality.”[iv]

College social fraternities are supposed to make men into better men. In the language of

philosophical virtue ethics, these fraternities are supposed to serve both an educative and an

aretaic function. Fraternities are usually founded on high-minded ideals.. They strive to transform

ordinary men into extraordinary men, to bring out the best in each of them. Most fraternities have

extensive educational programs designed to cultivate virtue, scholarship, and a commitment to

service among their brothers.

But, in fact, college frats tend to fall far short of their ideals. College frats are often “rape

factories,” full of drunken men who take advantage of drunken women. Among men who commit

rape or sexual assault on a college campus, fraternity men seem to be disproportionately

represented.[v] Men who join fraternities drink more, and drink more frequently, than other college

men.[vi] Fraternity men are more likely to engage in academic dishonesty than men who do not

join fraternities.[vii] Even though almost all fraternities’ mission statements include a dedication to

the highest standards of scholarship, first-year fraternity men tend to have worse GPAs and to do

9
worse on various tests of cognitive ability than non-fraternity men, though this gap tends to shrink

over time.[viii] Fraternity men nationwide may high slightly higher average GPAs than non-

fraternity men, but part of the explanation for this is that most fraternities must suspend and even

expel members with GPAs lower than a C+. There is no evidence, at least that I can find, that

joining a fraternity tends to improve men’s GPAs.

Not all fraternities are the same, of course. Some individual fraternities on some campuses

are better than others. Still, the overall weight of the evidence shows that fraternities tend to

undermine rather than support their aretaic goals. Fraternities seem to be more of a disease than

a cure, whatever the noble intentions of their founders may have been. In general, college

fraternities probably reinforce sexist, homophobic, and dishonest attitudes, and tend to encourage

far more vice than virtue

Imagine a conversation in which a critic of college fraternities advanced all of these

criticisms. Then imagine that the executive director of, say, Sigma Nu responded, “Sure, actual

fraternities tend to corrupt men rather than ennoble them. But when I defend fraternities, I mean

to say that such fraternities would educate and ennoble college men, if only fraternity men acted

properly and went through the fraternity experience the right way. The college fraternity

experience provides an excellent opportunity for men to develop into true gentlemen, who live

with honor, who hold themselves to the highest moral standards. It’s just too bad that men do not

properly take advantage of this opportunity. Still, I think it’s important that we keep providing them

with opportunity, as much as possible. It’s also important that we keep researching ways to get

men to use the fraternity experience the correct way.”

There’s a sense in which the director’s response is absolutely right, and yet absurd at the

same time. The director’s response is that the problem isn’t with the fraternities, but with the men

who join them. Angelic men would do far better. The director is probably correct that fraternities

would ennoble and educate, if only the men who joined them behaved appropriately. (It’s difficult

to test that claim, but it remains plausible.) At the same time, the director fails to take the criticisms

10
of fraternities seriously. Critics of fraternities do not deny that under highly idealized

circumstances, fraternities could educate and ennoble. Instead, they are complaining that as a

matter of fact, fraternities tend to do more harm than good.

Statement of the Problem

This study is a descriptive ex post facto research which tries to identify the impact of joining

fraternity towards their academic performance of SHS students in Argao National High School.

The following questions are asked:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Gender;

1.2. Age;

1.3. Name of Fraternity involved;

1.4. Years involved in the fraternity;

1.5. Position in the fraternity; and

1.6. GPA?

2. What is the mean gain of the respondents who joined the fraternity?

3. Is there a significant difference between joining the fraternity to their academic

performance?

4. What recommendation can be made based on the study?

5. How do the respondents feel towards being part of the brotherhood?

11
Null Hypothesis.

There is no significant difference in Impact of Joining Fraternity to the Academic Performance of

Students.

Alternative Hypothesis.

There is a significant difference in Impact of Joining Fraternity to the Academic Performance of

Students.

Significance of the Study

This study give benefits and knowledge to the researchers in order to know the

impact of joining fraternity to the academic performance of students. The findings of the study

extended benefits to the following:

School. The school will be more considerate and understanding to fraternities and their

members. With the aid of our study, the school will be informed that members of fraternity are not

asking for chaos like what the myth says, but it’s more than that. Students who joined fraternity

will be able to move freely and express themselves as human as they are. The school will benefit

from our study in a way that it will save the school from mayhem.

Teachers. The teachers will be more aware of the situation of their students who has a

fraternity membership. Teachers will be more understanding to their actions and might be able to

help them cope. From our data gathered, it will help teachers in guiding and handling their

students and can research further information about such to help them in dealing with the students

by avoiding the holes that might lead students to act out of their emotions or feelings.

Parents. The parents will be mindful to their children who joined fraternity or might join

fraternity. They will give extra attention to their children, make time for them and bond with their

children to get to know them more. The results of the study will make parents have patience and

will be able to help their child in guiding them on their journey in life. The parents will be able to

understand their child’s actions that will lessen the conflicts between the child and parent.

12
 Students. The study gave knowledge to the students on the impact of fraternity

membership in the academic performance. The students will learn to help and offer hands to each

other despite their different interests. Our study will avoid numbers of bullying and other students

will stop treating students who are a member of fraternity an outcast. The students will seek to

understand each other and will be united.

Current and Future Researchers. This study can serve as guide and reference to the

current and future researchers.

Deep Analysis. This study focuses only on students that are members of fraternity

because our study is about the impact of joining fraternity to the academic performance of

students. With the cooperation of these specific students, our problem will be solved and the

people around will be enlightened and the respondents will be understood.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on the factors to be considered by the teenagers joining fraternity

towards their academic performance, specifically senior high school students in Argao National

High School. Students who are a member of fraternity are required to answer the following

questions about the causes, effects, as well as possible interventions upon the impact of joining

fraternities towards their academic performance.

This study will no longer discuss topics that are not related to our study. Too personal and

sensitive questions will never be mentioned. This is to give emphasis to the students who joined

fraternities.

13
Definition of Terms

The following are terms that were defined in order for researchers to understand it better.

Academic Performance – is the measurement of student achievement across

various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically

measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates and results from

standardized tests.

Alliance – A bond or connection between families, states, parties, or individuals. A union or

association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

ANHS – Argao National High School. It is where the study was being conducted

Brotherhood – is a relationship between brothers or close friends, or is a feeling of kinship with

other people. When two men have a close and loyal friendship, this is an example of

a brotherhood.

Fraternity – An organization composed of men, sometimes referred to as brotherhood. A form of

society where people has one goal and supports each other.

Hazing – Any action or situation, with or without the consent of the participants. Humiliating and

sometimes dangerous initiation rituals, especially as imposed on college students seeking

membership to a fraternity or sorority.

Rightful place – the place you belonged in, the place where you fit

Social Identity Theory – Social identity is the part of the self that is defined by one’s group

memberships. The theory also specifies the ways in which social identity can influence intergroup

behavior.

Sorority – A society for female students in a university or college, typical for social purposes.

14
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the literature that have bearing and relationship to the present study.

This will give the researcher wider standpoint which aid the researchers in considering and

understanding of the study the Impact of Joining Fraternity to the Academic Performance of

Students. The literature and studies cited will help the researchers in the interpretation of findings.

RELATED LITERATURE

Fraternity is the state or feeling of friendship and mutual support within a group, whereas

academic performance is defined by students' reporting of past semester CGPA/GPA and their

expected GPA for the current semester. (M. Websters Dictionary)

From the “The Influence of Fraternity or Sorority Membership on Students’ College

Experiences and Cognitive Development” of Mr. Gary R. Pike, evidence that Greek affiliation is

associated with lower levels of student learning and intellectual development is somewhat

surprising. Research has shown that fraternity and sorority members tend to be more involved,

and that involvement is positively related to student learning and intellectual development. The

two statements are against each other. One says that Greek affiliation is linked to lower grades

of students that are members of fraternity, while the other statement claimed that fraternity

membership doesn’t have a bad impact to the academic performances of the students.

D. Ordway (2017) proved in his study that “joining fraternities and sororities distracts

college students from their coursework. A new study suggests students’ grades may suffer and

they select easier classes to accommodate Greek activities.” Though in every little thing, there

are its own pros and cons and Ordway stated that joining of fraternity/sorority can distract the

15
students from their coursework. Members of fraternity does lots of things for their commitment to

their fraternity that will be the cause of getting lower grades that is why some select easier classes

to accommodate Greek activities.

In A. Donato & J. Thomas (2017) “The Effects of Greek Affiliation on Academic

Performance” come up that “There are strong negative effects in some periods but smaller effects

in others: fraternity affiliation hurts performance by 0.32 standard deviation in the Freshman

Spring; sorority affiliation hurts performance by 0.22 standard deviations in Spring semesters after

Freshman year”. While this study talks about the effects—negative effects of fraternity to the

academic performance of students, K. Green (2013) Fraternity Involvement and Academic

Success: The Role of Cultural, Human, and Social Capital, shows that fraternities, as institutions,

also foster other types of important skills and provide resources necessary for academic success.

The data shows that fraternity members have lower grade point averages than non-fraternity

members. While this seems to contradict the report issued by the Office of Greek Life, it is

important to understand that the report compared overall GPAs of fraternity men to the men’s

campus average, while my population for this thesis was seniors. The research seems to show

that fraternities, as institutions, also foster other types of important skills and provide resources

necessary for academic success.

S. Nelson, et al., (2006) uttered that “The challenge to faculty and staff is to examine the

fraternity and sorority subculture and to support that which benefits student development, while

curbing behavior that thwarts learning. If properly directed, fraternities and sororities can positively

influence peer behavior, promote loyalty to an alma mater, and increase student involvement and

persistence to graduation.” If the faculty and staff can properly direct the fraternity and sorority

subculture and support their benefits as a student, it will indeed increase student involvement and

persistence to graduation. Support or motivation can do a lot to a person, it will give them hope

which makes the hopeless do things they thought they can’t.

16
 "Compared to other inputs of the education production function, less is known about the

effect of social and non-classroom choices. This study examines whether joining fraternities and

sororities improves academic performance." Quoted from C. Cheng, (2018) Greek Membership

and Academic Performance: Evidence from Student-Level Data research study. In the data

gathered by C. Cheng, it shows that less is known about the effect of social and non-classroom

choices and it helps us to come up with an answer whether joining fraternities and sororities

improves the academic performance of the students.

Cory (2011) The Influence of Fraternity or Sorority Membership on the Leadership Identity

Development of College Student Leaders was written that "Organizational factors and meaningful

relationships cultivate the development of an identity as a leader for fraternity and sorority

members." As a leader in an organization or club, socializing is a must and it helps you create

meaningful relationships and teaches you in many ways. Organizational factors and meaningful

relationships plow the development of an identity leader for it makes you see the world clearly

and your own.

In the findings of A. Asel et al. (2009) The Effects of Fraternity/Sorority Membership on

College Experiences and Outcome: A Portrait of Complexity, “The presence of controls for

important, confounding influences, being a fraternity/sorority member had little consistent

influence on grades or perceived impact of college.” The effects of fraternity/sorority membership

only had little consistent influence on grades which according to A. Asel et al. (2009) findings that

fraternity doesn’t have that much impact on your academic performance.

From the data and conclusion of D. Bureau et, al. (2011) “Regression analyses controlling

for conditional variables indicated that students in these groups report higher involvement in

critical developmental practices and larger gains in important educational areas than their

affiliated counterparts.” In this study, the results is in favor to the academic performance.

17
Fraternity membership doesn’t make the student’s grades suffer and the students still meet the

responsibilities upon being a student and a member of an organization at the same time.

"Numerous studies have documented high rates of cheating among college students,

especially members of fraternities and sororities. Findings revealed that (1) members of

fraternities and sororities reported higher rates of academic dishonesty as compared to non-

members." cited from E. Storch et al. (2002) Fraternities, Sororities, and Academic Dishonesty.

School can't be spelled right without 'cheating'. E. Storch et al. study shows that the rate of

cheating is high among college students especially to those members of fraternities/sororities.

Students might cheat because of poor study skills that prevent that prevent them from keeping up

with the lessons. Students also tend to cheat because of the inability to study and the lack of

focus. Members of fraternity or sorority and other students who joined organizations tend to cheat

because their focus is divided and their responsibilities in school and organization are in conflict

which makes it hard for them to do good in their academic performances. “The degree of

involvement in fraternity or sorority sponsored activities was positively associated with academic

dishonesty”. In the study of E. Storch et al. (2002) highlights the negative effect of joining fraternity

towards the academic performance and it proves in their study that degree of involvement in

fraternity or sorority sponsored activities was positively associated with dishonesty and it claimed

that members of fraternities and sororities reported higher rates of academic dishonesty as

compared to non-members.

On the authority of R. Jarvis (2008) Inside Greek U: Fraternities, Sororities, and the Pursuit

of Pleasure, Power, and Prestige “DeSantis's book is the product of years spent interviewing (in

both formal and informal settings) hundreds of Greeks to find out how fraternity men and sorority

women view themselves and each other. The results are as fascinating as they are disturbing.

And for the uninitiated, the text provides a handy "crash course" in the customs and practices of

daily Greek life.” Fraternity/sorority helps them build who they are and the comfort they felt in their

18
organization. For the beginners, they will be taught and will learn quickly that will lessen their

worries if they’re really in the right place. Finding your place is a must but you must also face and

meet your other responsibilities such as a student. In joining an organization, you must bear in

mind your responsibilities in school and balance your time and focus between the organization

and school. Because according to many, education is the treasure that cannot be stolen by

anyone. Good academic performance is a must especially if you’re in college because courses

have set minimum limit of grades off student to accept as well as the scholarships. We must not

forget the scholarship because not every one of us can afford college.

From the study of M. McClain et al., (2015), “Holland's (1997) person-environment fit

theory was utilized to examine vocational identity, while the social-cognitive career theory was

used to examine career decision-making self-efficacy.” Career-decision making is a must because

if you apply a job that doesn’t fit with who you are, it will be a torture. In order to have a good

career, one must study well and do well in their academic performances. One can attain it while

being in an organization by balancing school and the organization. Time management is a big

process and can do a lot. School is a takes a lot of focus what more if you’re joining an

organization that needs your presence and presence of mind too.

Above all that, we must dig deeper, open our minds and know what fraternity really is. “It’s

the bonding of young men in different background and beliefs who practice good faith in their

fraternity values by following their founder’s footsteps.” Clarke (2014) from the article True

Meaning of Brotherhood.

19
 Chapter 3
Methodology

Research Design

This study was intended to know the impact of fraternity membership towards their

schooling. For the purpose of the study, this research used the ex post facto method. The ex post

facto method is a quasi-experimental study examining how an independent variable, present prior

to the study in the participants, affects a dependent variable. A quasi-experimental study simply

means participants are not randomly assigned.

Research Environment

This study will be conducted in Argao National High School of Canbanua, Argao, Cebu.

The mentioned school is a public institution that is supported by the government. It is particularly

located at San Miguel Street in Canbanua, in the Municipality of Argao in the Cebu Province,

Region VII Central Visayas.

Research Respondents

The respondents that will help the research study complete are all senior high school

students that are members of fraternity in Argao National High School. Furthermore, the research

study concentrates in identifying the impact of fraternity membership towards the senior high

school students’ academic performance. This study was conducted in the school year 2019-2020.

In getting our respondents—the senior highschool students in ANHS who are members of

fraternity, researchers went from room to room and asked permission to their current teacher to

asked their students who joined fraternity in the class. After asking permission to the teacher,

researchers informed the class who and what they are conducting. The researchers then asked

them politely if there are members of fraternity in the class and how many.

20
 Section No. of Population in No. of Respondents in

each classroom each classroom

Phoenix 46 2

Cerberus 39 0

Pegasus 41 1

Cicero 56 4

Apicius 57 8

Manucci 40 0

Theia 40 4

Selene 41 3

Gaia 41 1

Hyperion 40 0

Maximianus 44 2

Newmann 53 5

Pascal 50 7

Babbage 43 5

Dela Verenne 60 10

Consos 56 6

21
Research Sampling

The researchers gathered the number of students to be examined using purposive

sampling. Purposive sampling is a sampling method in which researchers rely on their own

judgment when choosing members of the population to participate in their study. We choose

purposive sampling in gathering data from our respondents because we only need students who

are members of fraternity in our study.

Research Instruments

The researchers used a survey questionnaire in gathering data from the senior high school

students of ANHS that are needed to the research study. The instrument applied in the study was

a researcher-made questionnaire contained one (1) question that is related to the study. It was

validated by a test re-test and cronbach alpha.

Statistical Treatment

In analyzing and recording the data gathered from the respondents the researchers will

use the T-test of independent sample for the research studies’ success. df=(n-1)+(n-1) T-test of

independent method compares the means of two independent groups in order to determine

whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are significantly

different.

Research Procedure

In preparation to supervise researchers will follow basic procedure in order to successfully

gather the data. First, the researchers will write a letter addressed to the administrator (see

appendix A) asking the principal permission to conduct the study. Once the letter will be approved

the researchers will then present a letter to the subject teacher (see appendix b) asking

22
permission to conduct the study. Upon the approval of the subject teacher the researchers will

then proceed with the sampling procedure. Upon identifying who are the participants, the

researchers will give a transmittal letter (see appendix c) to the identified respondents, and after

which the questionnaire (see appendix d). The researchers will then guide the participants in

answering the questions. After which they will collect, tabulate, use statistical treatment, and

analyze the data.

23
Bibliography

24
A. Articles

Andrew De Donato & JamesThomas (2017) The Effects of Greek Affiliation on

Academic Performance

Christy Capone, Mark D. Wood, et.al (2009) Fraternity and Sorority Involvement,

Social Influences, and Alcohol Use Among College Students (USA)

Gary R. Pike (2000) The Influence of Fraternity or Sorority Membership on

Students’ College Experiences and Cognitive Development (Indiana)

Suzy M. Nelson, Silas Halperin, et.al (2006) Effects of Fraternity/Sorority

Membership and Recruitment Semester on GPA and Retention

Kelly Green (2013) Fraternity Involvement and Academic Success: The Role of

Cultural, Human and Social Capital (Florida)

Gary R. Pike (2003) The Impact of Fraternity or Sorority Membership on Academic

Involvement and Learning Outcomes

Anita Jo Cory, Ph.D. (2011) The Influence of Fraternity or Sorority Membership on

the Leadership Identity Development of College Student Leaders (Washington)

Ashley M. Asel, Tricia A. Seifert et.al (2009) The Effects of Fraternity/Sorority

Membership on College Experiences and Outcome: A Portrait of Complexity

B. Internet

Clarke, P. J. (2014). True Meaning of Brotherhood.

Neil Kokemuller (2007) The Disadvantages of Sororities & Fraternities

Eleni Makedonas (2015) The Journey of Self-Discovery! My Decision to Find

Myself! (Huffpost)

25
 Chris Blake (2017) What Impact Do Fraternities Have on Education? (California)

Sarahn (2014) The Importance of School: 7 Advantages of Education

Kelci Lynn Lucier (2018) 7 Disadvantages of Joining a Fraternity or Sorority

Alan Reifman Ph.D. (2011) How Fraternities and Sororities Impact Students (Or

Do They?)

Jeremy Bauer-Wolf (2019) Go Greek and See Grades Drop? (Washington, DC)

Tim Bryce (2014) What is Freemasonry?

C. Journal

Denise-Marie Ordway (2017) College students who join fraternities or sororities

may get lower grades

Andy Tsubasa Field (2018) Does Joining a Fraternity or Sorority Actually Improve

Grades and Earnings After Graduation? No, a Study Finds (Washington, D.C. 20037)

Jack Mara, Lewis Davis et.al (2016) Social Animal House: The Economic and

Academic Consequences of Fraternity Membership (Boston, MA)

26
Appendices

27
 APPENDIX A
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Argao National High School

August 14, 2019

Mr. Crisente J. Piñol

Principal I
Argao National High School
Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

Sir:
Good day!
We are students from Humanities and Social Sciences. We are assigned to conduct a
Quantitative Research Study given the freedom to choose our topic. Conforming with the rules,
we would like to ask for your permission to conduct a study regarding the “Negative Effects of
Joining Fraternity to the Academic Performance of SHS Students in ANHS” and gather
information for the data with the students that corresponds. The purpose of this study is to know
the advantages and disadvantages of fraternity membership in relation to their academic
performances.
We are hoping for your positive response. Thank you, and God bless.

Respectfully,
RODLAINE AGUILAR
Group Leader

Noted by:
REY COLIN ANTICAMARA
URLINDO CHAVEZ
Research Teacher

Approved by:
CRESENTE J. PIÑOL
Principal I

28
 APPENDIX B
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO THE SUBJECT TEACHERS

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Argao National High School

August 14, 2019

Dear Teachers,

We are the Grade 12 Students from Argao National High School, taking up the academic track of
Humanities and Social Sciences. We are required to conduct a Quantitative Research Study and
our study is the "Negative Effects of Joining Fraternity to the Academic Performance of SHS
Students in ANHS". In order to make our study successful, we need the help to some of your
students, specifically students that are a member of fraternity. The confidentiality of the students
involved is rest assured.

We are hoping for your positive response. It would be a great help to our study and success.
Thank you, and God bless us all.

Respectfully,
RODLAINE AGUILAR
Group Leader

Noted by:
REY COLIN ANTICAMARA
URLINDO CHAVEZ
Research Teacher

Approved by:
CRESENTE J. PIÑOL
Principal I

29
 APPENDIX C
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO THE RESPONDENTS

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Argao National High School

August 14, 2019

Dear Respondents,

In partial fulfillment of my Senior High School, we are presently undertaking a research

study entitled “Negative Effects of Joining Fraternities to the Academic Performance of SHS
Students in ANHS”. It aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of fraternity
membership to their schooling.

In view of this, may we request you to be one of the respondents to help us fulfill our
studies. Rest assured that the data we will gather will be sensitive free, will be kept with
confidentiality, and will be used solely for the purpose of this study.

Attached herewith are the questionnaires that are waiting for your genuine answers and
the tools to be used as guidelines in answering. While you are answering and gathering the right
words to paste on the questionnaires, we will be glad to help you on the things that you are
confused of and such.

Your positive response in this request will be valuable contribution for the success of the
study and will be highly appreciated. Thank you for sparing your time reading this and may God
bless us all.

Respectfully yours,
RODLAINE AGUILAR
Group Leader

Noted by:
REY COLIN ANTICAMARA
URLINDO CHAVEZ
Research Adviser

Approved by:
CRESENTE J. PIÑOL

30
 Principal I
APPENDIX D

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF JOINING FRATERNITY TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF SHS STUDENTS IN ANHS

Argao National High School

Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

Name:___________________________ Year started fraternity:______

Grade&Section:____________________ Gen. Average:____________

Instructions: From your experience, please help us make our research study a succession by

answering sincerely and genuinely.

 How do the respondents feel towards being part of the brotherhood?

31
 APPENDIX E
RRL Matrix
Name: Aguilar, Repolidon, Geverola Year and Section: 12 Archers
Date:___________________ Score:___________

Instructions: Fill in the chart below with the details of the research article that you used
and the notes you made from each one of them. You will also critique the study and
explain the research gap in Move 2 and explain how you are going to fill that gap in
Move 3. (At least 10)

APA Keyword Move 1 Move 2 Move 3

References s REVIEW ESTABLISHIN OCCUPYIN
Page OF G THE NICHE G THE
Citation PREVIOU Critique of the NICHE:
S study and How will
RESEARC statement on your own
H the research research fill
Summary gap the gap you
of the saw from
important the 3
details of studies?
the study

C. Cheng, (2018) Education Compared to Effects of social and By the help of

Greek production other inputs of non-classroom our study, we will
Membership function, the education choices gather more data
and Academic Greek production whether joining
Performance: membership function, less is fraternities and
Evidence from , academic known about sororities
Student-Level performanc the effect of improves
Data e, social and non- academic
difference- classroom performance.
in- choices. This
differences study examines
whether joining
fraternities and
sororities
improves
academic
performance.
G. Pike, (2000) Student Results of the In recent years, the By the help of
The Influence of learn, National Study role of fraternities our study, we will
Fraternity or education of Student and sororities on know the

32
Sorority research, Learning college campuses influence of
Membership on Cognitive (NSSL) indicate has come under fraternity
Students’ Developme that increasing scrutiny. membership to
College nt, college membership in students.
Experiences Campus, a Greek
and Cognitive National organization
Development Study can have a
negative effect
on students’
cognitive
development,
particularly
during the first
year of college.
In contrast to
the NSSL
findings, results
indicated that
Greek students
had higher
levels of
involvement
and gains in
general abilities
than did non-
Greek students.
S. Nelson, et.al Controversi The challenge Behaviors that In gathering our
(2006) Effects of al to faculty and prevents the data and
Fraternity/Sorori component, staff is to students from decoding it, we
ty Membership examine the learning. will the
and fraternity and behaviors that
Recruitment sorority prevents the
Semester on subculture and students from
GPA and to support that learning.
Retention which benefits
student
development,
while curbing
behavior that
thwarts
learning. If
properly
directed,
fraternities and
sororities can
positively
influence peer
behavior,
promote loyalty
to an alma
mater, and

33
 increase
student
involvement
and persistence
to graduation.
A. Donato, J. Difference- There are Strong percentage Knowing the
Thomas, (2017) in- strong negative of negative effect of negative effects
The Effects of differences, effects in some fraternity of fraternity
Greek Affiliation academic periods but membership towards towards their
on Academic performanc smaller effects the academic academic
Performance e, fraternity, in others: performance. performance.
standard fraternity
deviations, affiliation hurts
heterogeneit performance by
y 0.32 standard
deviation in the
Freshman
Spring; sorority
affiliation hurts
performance by
0.22 standard
deviations in
Spring
semesters after
Freshman year.
K. Green, (2013) Discrepancy The data shows The data gathered Data shows that
Fraternity that shows that fraternity are not common
Involvement fraternity has lower grades. in joining
and Academic members have fraternity that
Success: The lower grade they have lower
Role of Cultural, point averages grades.
Human, and than non-
Social Capital fraternity
members.
While this
seems to
contradict the
report issued by
the Office of
Greek Life, it is
important to
understand that
the report
compared
overall GPAs of
fraternity men
to the
men’s campus
average, while
my population
for this thesis

34
 was seniors.
The research
seems to show
that fraternities,
as institutions,
also foster other
types of
important skills
and provide
resources
necessary for
academic
success.
G. Pike, (2003) Longitudinal In the NSSL Learning and The research
The Impact of , analytic research, as controlling the sought to
Fraternity or methods well as the relationship between provide
Sorority study by Pike Greek affiliation. additional
Membership on and Askew information
Academic (1990), the about the impact
Involvement inclusion of of fraternity
and Learning students’ membership on
Outcomes college academic
experiences as involvements
controls in and its learning
regression outcomes.
based analysis
may have
masked
important
relationships
between Greek
affiliation and
educational
gains. In
regression, no
distinction is
made between
indirect and
spurious effects
(Cohen &
Cohen, 1983;
Loehlin, 1992).
A. Cory, (2011) Integral The findings Development of an While gathering
The Influence of component, suggest identity as a leader data from our
Fraternity or semi- organizational for fraternity respondents and
Sorority structured factors and getting answers
Membership on interviews meaningful from them, it will
the Leadership relationships help us conclude
Identity cultivate the the development
Development of development of of an identity as
an identity as a a leader for

35
College Student leader for fraternity by the
Leaders fraternity and answers we
sorority received from
members. the respondents.
Further,
the study
provides
support for
advancing
practical
applications of
the theoretical
construct of
leadership
identity
development.
The study
concludes with
recommendatio
ns for program
development,
practice, and
further
research.
A. Asel et al. limited the The findings Had little consistent By the help of
(2009) The diversity of suggest a influence on grades our research, we
Effects of relationship complex portrait or perceived impact will know the
Fraternity/Sorori s, complex of the influence of
ty Membership portrait relationships fraternity on
on College between grades or the
Experiences affiliation, academic
and Outcome: A engagement, performance of
Portrait of and learning the students who
Complexity outcomes. In are a member of
the presence of fraternity.
controls for
important,
confounding
influences,
being a
fraternity/sororit
y member had
little consistent
influence on
grades or
perceived
impact of
college. There
was little
support for
gender

36
 differences in
the impact of
affiliation.
D. Bureau et, al. Regression This study uses Regression analyses Our study can
(2011) Student analyses, data from the controlling for help clarify if
Learning in emphasizin NSSE to conditional variables their claim is true
Fraternities and g explore of indicated regarding their
Sororities: assessment students use of NSSE
Using NSSE , learning among Data To
Data To senior members Describe
Describe of social Members'
Members' fraternities and Participation in
Participation in sororities. Educationally
Educationally Regression Meaningful
Meaningful analyses Activities in
Activities in controlling for College
College conditional
variables
indicated that
students in
these groups
report higher
involvement in
critical
developmental
practices and
larger gains in
important
educational
areas than their
affiliated
counterparts.
Clarke, (2014) False It’s the bonding Stereotyping and By the help of
True Meaning of stereotyping of young men in misconceptions of our study,
Brotherhood , different different fraternity people will be
background background and enlightened what
and beliefs beliefs who fraternity truly
practice good meant and their
faith in their individual
fraternity values reasons why
by following they joined the
their founder’s family.
footsteps.

D. Ordway, Social Joining Joining fraternities Our research

(2017) College groups, fraternities and and sororities aims to
students who critical sororities distracts college determine the
join fraternities thinking, distracts college students from their impact of
or sororities cognitive students from coursework. fraternity
may get lower activity their towards the
grades coursework. A academic

37
 new study performance and
suggests throughout our
students’ gathering of
grades may data, we will
suffer and they come to know
select easier why students
classes to who join
accommodate fraternities get
Greek activities. lower grades.
E. Storch et.al Fraternities, Numerous Academic After gathering
(2002) academic studies have dishonesty among and analyzing
Fraternities, dishonesty documented members of our data
Sororities, and high rates of fraternity/sorority gathered, our
Academic cheating among study might
Dishonesty college answer why
students, students who are
especially members of
members of fraternity are
fraternities and more likely to
sororities. cheat in school.
Findings
revealed that
(1) members of
fraternities and
sororities
reported higher
rates of
academic
dishonesty as
compared to
non-members,
and (2) the
degree of
involvement in
fraternity or
sorority
sponsored
activities was
positively
associated with
academic
dishonesty.
R. Jarvis (2008) DeSantis's How fraternity men Some data we
Inside Greek U: book is the and sorority women gathered can
Fraternities, product of years view themselves and answer and help
Sororities, and spent each other determine how
the Pursuit of interviewing (in fraternity men
Pleasure, both formal and and sorority
Power, and informal women view
Prestige settings) themselves and
hundreds of each other

38
 Greeks to find
out how
fraternity men
and sorority
women view
themselves and
each other.3
The results are
as fascinating
as they are
disturbing. And
for the
uninitiated, the
text provides a
handy "crash
course" in the
customs and
practices of
daily Greek life.
M. McClain et al Vocational Several Goal instability and The study we
(2015) Fraternity identity, theories were the influence of conducted-
and Sorority decision- used to Greek- life impact of joining
Membership making, conceptualize membership on fraternity
and College self-efficacy, and examine student motivation towards the
Student Career goal the constructs and goal academic
Development directness investigated in directedness performance can
the present help determine
study. Holland's the influence of
(1997) person- Greek- life
environment fit membership on
theory was student
utilized to motivation and
examine goal
vocational directedness.
identity, while
the social-
cognitive career
theory was
used to
examine career
decision-
making self-
efficacy. Both of
these theories
emphasize the
roles of
environmental
influences (e.g.,
living in sorority
or fraternity
housing) and

39
 interactions on
behavior.
Research by
Scott and
Robbins (1985)
was used to
examine the
variable of goal
instability and
the influence of
Greek- life
membership on
student
motivation and
goal
directedness.
C. Chambers, M. Academic Given research Black fraternities are With our study,
Walpole (2017) goals that has found not necessarily we will stumble
Academic that Black fulfilling their why some
Achievement fraternities are academic goals students who are
among Black not necessarily members of
Sororities: Myth fulfilling their fraternity are not
or Reality? academic goals fulfilling their
(Harper & academic goals
Harris, 2006;
Johnson,
Chambers, &
Walpole, 2011),
we believe that
examining
academic
achievement
within the
context of
historically
Black sororities
is warranted.

40
 Curriculum Vitae

A. Personal Data
Name : Rodlaine Aguilar
Nickname : Dlin
Age : 18 years of age
Sex : Female
Home address : Poblacion, Argao, Cebu
Email Address : rodlaineaguilar1234567@gmail.com
Contact Number : 09754399918
Date of Birth : December 18, 2000
Place of Birth : Argao Cebu
Status : Single
Father's name : Alain B. Aguilar
Mother's name : Rodilla B. Aguilar

B. Educational Attainment
Senior High School
Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2018-2019

Junior High School

Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2017-2018

Elementary
Name : Argao Central Elementary School
Address : Poblacion, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2013-2014

41
A. Personal Data
Name : Bryan Geverola
Nickname : Pakito
Age : 19 years of age
Sex : Male
Home address : Usmad, Argao, Cebu
Email Address : bryangeverola1730@gmail.com
Contact Number : 09224586380
Date of Birth : October 30, 1999
Place of Birth : Argao Cebu
Status : Single
Father's name : Alejandro Geverola
Mother's name : Evangeline Geverola

B. Educational Attainment
Senior High School
Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2018-2019

Junior High School

Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2017-2018

Elementary
Name : Usmad Elementary School
Address : Usmad, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2010-2011

42
A. Personal Data
Name : Rey John Repolidon
Nickname : Jamboy
Age : 19 years of age
Sex : Male
Home address : Bulasa, Argao, Cebu
Email Address :
Contact Number :
Date of Birth : June 09, 2000
Place of Birth : Cebu City
Status : Single
Father's name :
Mother's name : Marilou M. Repolidon

B. Educational Attainment
Senior High School
Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2018-2019

Junior High School

Name : Public National High School
Address : Pioner Pikit North Cotabato
School Year : 2015-2016

Elementary
Name : Silik Pikit Elementary School
Address : Silik, Pikit, Cotabato
School Year : 2019-2010

43
A. Personal Data
Name : Laurence Niño A. Lucero
Nickname : Niño
Age : 19 years old
Sex : Male
Home address : Langtad, Argao, Cebu
Email Address : ninolaurencelucero@gmail.com
Contact Number : 09239212949
Date of Birth : May 23, 2000
Place of Birth : Argao, Cebu
Status : Single
Father's name : Noel Niño Lucero
Mother's name : Lorna Lucero

B. Educational Attainment
Senior High School
Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2018-2019

Junior High School

Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2017-2018

Elementary
Name : Langtad Elementary School
Address : Langtad, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2012-2013

44
A. Personal Data
Name : Cristene Joy Cambarijan
Nickname : Joy’2
Age : 19
Sex : Female
Home address : Bulasa, Argao, Cebu
Email Address : joycambarijan@gmail.com
Contact Number :
Date of Birth : May 24, 2000
Place of Birth : Argao, Cebu
Status : Single
Father's name : Jose Cambarijan
Mother's name : Maria Cambarijan

B. Educational Attainment
Senior High School
Name : Argao National High School
Address : Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2018-2019

Junior High School

Name : Bulasa National High School
Address : Bulasa, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2017-2018

Elementary
Name : Bulasa Elementary School
Address : Bulasa, Argao, Cebu
School Year : 2013-2014

45