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AutomaticEnergyMeterReadingusingSmartEnergyMeter PDF
AutomaticEnergyMeterReadingusingSmartEnergyMeter PDF
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Tahir Mahmood
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
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Abstract - An automatic remote meter-reading system based 1.1 FLAWS IN CONVENTIONAL BILLING.
on GSM is presented in this paper. This paper is useful to obtain There are many flaws and errors in conventional billing. Some
meter reading when desired so meter readers don’t need to visit human mistakes may also occur in manual billing. Analysing
each customer for the consumed energy data collection and to the conventional billing some of the common observed errors
distribute the bill slips. Microcontroller can be used to monitor
and mistakes are:
and record the meter readings. In case of a customer defaulter, no
need to send a person of utility to cut-off the customer connection. It’s a time consuming procedure
Utility can cut off and reconnect the customer connection by short There is always a chance of human error while taking
message service (SMS). Furthermore, the customer can check the the manual meter reading
status of electricity (load) from anywhere. In this system energy
meter readings are being transferred by making use of GSM. There is no check and balance and verification
procedure of this meter reading
Index Terms - Smart Energy Meter (SEM), Automatic Meter
Reading (AMR), Global System for Mobile (GSM), Short There is always a chance of theft and corruption
Messaging System (SMS). Extra human power is required
Consumer is not updated of his usage
I. INTRODUCTION
Consumer may not get the bill slip within due date
Utility billing is yet unavoidable in the World as for
concern post-paid energy meter. In Pakistan, utilities are using
II. SMART ENERGY METER
a conventional way of billing. A meter reader goes Home to
home takes the meter reading and note down it, manually. The size of smart meters and traditional meters is same and
These readings are brought to utility administration office. The smart meters are digital [7]. Smart Energy Meter measures
criterion of utility billing is applied according to the utility more detailed readings than Kwhr so that utility can plan the
service rules and regulations. The employee of the utility goes expansion of network and power quality [8],[9],[10]. The
door to door again and gave the bill slips of the utility to the Smart Energy Meter is designed so that it measures voltage
respective consumer. [1-3] and load currents by the use of voltage and current sensors
Detailed load flow can be provided by smart energy meters to instead of potential and current transformers and then feeds
the consumers so they can manage their load effectively [4]. these values of voltage and current into power factor controller
Smart energy meter are used for Automatic Meter Reading IC and energy metering IC the power factor and power
(AMR) to increase the accuracy of meter reading. For instance, calculations respectively [11].
a utility person might not read the correct value of the total
energy consumed that is displayed on energy meter or may
intentionally give lower value than the exactly read one [5].
Power Line Communication (PLC) can also be used for
obtaining the meter readings but interference and noise makes
it inadequate. Metering information can be transmitted via
Wi-Fi and Zig-Bee but their range is limited and they do not
provide a cost effective solution [6]. However for lager remote
distance GSM communication system is much efficient than
others.
Auto billing is one of the suitable ways to overcome the flaws
of conventional billing; since conventional billing contains
wastage of time and resources as well. In auto billing there is
no more need of manual meter reading and bill slips. Figure 1. Simple block diagram of Smart Energy Meter.
The design of Smart Energy Meter involves the measuring of 2.1. Working of Smart Meter.
load current and voltage using sensors and then feeding them GSM communications network is used to transfer the
to energy metering IC which converts it into the real power electricity consumed data to the utility administration as well
consumed by the load. Power factor is measured by measuring as to the customer when demanded. Antenna, attached on or
the phase shift between voltage and load current. near meter box, can be used for improvement of signal
Microcontroller used to perform the calculations related to strength in GSM communication.
power and energy consumed and shows the reading on LCD as
well as it sends the reading of Smart Energy Meter with the Smart metering communication is centralized meter reading,
help of GSM modem [12]. Active power, reactive power, so meter readers don’t need to visit each customer for data
voltage, load current, power factor and units (kWh) are collection. However, for testing and maintenance meters may
measured and displayed successfully. Meter reading are sent need to observe occasionally.
from GSM modem and received on mobile successfully. The main duty of Smart Energy Meter is to measure the meter
Two-way communication is done by smart energy meter reading and sends it to utility when demand as well as to
between the meter and utility administration as well as costumer. The voltage and current sensors measure the RMS
between meter and customer so that customer is able to check values of voltage and current and feed them to microcontroller,
the status of his consumed energy units and can manage his where calculations for active and reactive power are
load accordingly to reduce his bill. [13],[14]. performed. In Smart Energy Meter we used sensors to measure
The main features of smart energy meter are listed as follows; voltage and current instead of current and voltage
transformers. The reading from
Get automatic reading of Energy Meter and sent it to Utility administration SMS is being received by smart energy
consumer as well as to utility. meter programmable interface and the action is performed by
In reading it measures Voltage, Load Current, Real the meter according to provided information.
power, Reactive power, Power factor and units A major feature of Smart Energy Meter is that utility company
consumed. can cut off and reconnect the connection of energy of any user
Utility is able to cutoff/restore the supply of the with the help of SMS without sending the person to perform
the task manually [15]. It can be utilized in case when the
defaulter through SMS.
utility company needs to disconnect a consumer due to non-
Smart Energy Meter responds to the SMS and sends payment of bills or some other reasons. Another major feature
you back the readings whenever it is asked. of Smart energy meter is that it gives alarm when the consumer
Consumer is able to check the status of his load from load is exceeding the upper limit for which he got the utility
anywhere in the world by SMS. connection [16]. In case consumer does not reduce his load
meter automatically cut off the consumer connection. GSM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT