No.

1250-0031-4
Framo Rev.A 13Apr05/JEB

Cargo Heaters

Operation manual

HE225/750 HE400/1000 HE500/1000

 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 2 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................2
1.1 Sectional drawing / Technical data ................................ ................................ ................................ 4
1.2 Fuel efficient cargo heating ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 5
2.0 OPERATING INSTRUCTION ............................................................................................... 6
2.1 Start-up and running................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 6
2.2 Stop and shut down................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 6
2.3 Cleaning procedure ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 7
3.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING.........................................................................................................8
5.0 HEATING OF MOLASSES ...................................................................................................9

1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Framo cargo heater is a vertical deck mounted stainless steel heater. It consist of a channel section
and a cover. The channel section includes the heating elements, that are free to expand vertically inside
the cover. The cover can be lifted up/removed from the heater for inspection and cleaning of the
elements.

The Cargo Heater is equipped with a thermostatic valve. This is set to open at approx. 90°C to avoid
flashing of condensate in return line. The thermostatic valve shall not be adjusted.

The Framo Cargo Heater can be delivered in 3 different sizes, HE225/750, HE400/1000 and HE500/1000.
The arrangement of the connections varies for the different sizes. For additional information, see
dimensional drawings.
HE400/1000
Thermometer

Cover Channel section

HE500/1000
Heating
medium
outlet
HE225/750

Thermostatic
valve. Not to
be adjusted

Heating
Relief valve medium
Opens at 14bar Flat gasket inlet
Heating
medium
Channel section
inlet
Channel section
Heating
medium
outlet

Heating
medium Heating
inlet medium
outlet

Fig. 1
 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 3 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

Typical arrangement of Framo Cargo Heater

Fig. 2

Deck mounted cargo heaters make it possible to regulate the temperature of each tank individually,
which allows segregated cargoes with different temperatures to be carried.

The Framo cargo heaters operate with high flow. High cargo flow result in good mixing in tank and low
increase of temperature(∆T across the heater), which is favorable for sensitive cargoes.

The low cargo pressure loss in the heater is favorable for viscous cargoes.
 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 4 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

1.1 Sectional drawing / Technical data

Fig. 3

HE225/750 HE400/1000 HE500/1000

3 3 3
Heat capacity for HFO no.6 360 kW at 75m /h with 700 kW at 200m /h with 1250 kW at 300m /h with
saturated steam at saturated steam at saturated steam
7bar/170°C 7bar/170°C at 7bar/170°C
Max pressure / temp. cargo side 14 bar / 100°C 14 bar / 100°C 14 bar / 100°C
Max pressure / temp. heating
medium side 10 bar / 185°C 10 bar / 185°C 10 bar / 185°C
Material AISI 316L AISI 316L AISI 316L
Heating medium type Saturated steam or hot Saturated steam or hot Saturated steam or hot
water water water
Total weight dry heater 175 kg 340 kg 500 kg
Cover weight 55 kg 70 kg 75 kg

Fig. 4 Heating capacity and pressure drop for HFO no.6

 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 5 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

1.2 Fuel efficient cargo heating

Heat loss is basically proportional to the temperature difference between cargo and ambient air / sea.
Permit drop in temperature at beginning of the voyage - use exhaust gas boiler only. Then raise
temperature in due time prior to arrival at port / discharge. Without heating, the drop in temperature will
only be 1-2°C per day (24h). Most heating systems are designed to raise temperature by 5-6°C per day.

Note! Never let the cargo temperature fall to a temperature that make it unpumpable.

The diagram below shows two different heating procedures. Cargo is received on board at 44°C,
delivered at 66°C, sailing time 21 days.

Note! For some cargoes sensitive to heating special heating procedure is required,
see chapters 4 and 5.

Typical heating procedure for tankers Cargo discharge

O
with coil heating & pump room. temperature: 66 C
70
65
60
55
REDUCED HEAT LOSS / SAVED ENERGY
50
45
40
Typical heating procedure
35 for Framo cargo heaters
30
Cargo loading
25 temp.: 44OC Start Framo cargo
heating system
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Fig. 5 Recommended heating procedure for tankers with Framo submerged cargo pumps.
 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 6 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

2.0 OPERATING INSTRUCTION

2.1 Start-up and running

When the heater is to be used, the following sequence should be followed:

1. Start the cargo pump at approximately 50 bar hydraulic

Heating
pressure. Open cargo valve for circulation through capacity
cargo heater.
2
2. Drain steam inlet pipe if steam is used as heating medium.
1 Lower cargo
outlet temperatur
3. Start heating by slowly opening the valve for the heating
medium. Adjust the cargo flow and heating flow until
suitable temperature increase(∆T) across the cargo heater
is achieved. Cargo flow

4. If very viscous cargoes are handled, it is necessary to run

the pumps at higher speed and pressure. Head

5. At low cargo flow the heating capacity will be low and the
cargo outlet temperature will be high, (see fig. 6).
See Charter's Instruction for max cargo temperature.
Increasing
2 hydraulic
6. If shut down of the cargo pumps occurs, the heating must pressure
be stopped immediately by closing the valve for heating 1
medium. If not, sensitive cargoes may be damaged.
Cargo flow

Fig.6 By increasing the hydraulic

2.2 Stop and shut down pressure, the cargo flow and
heating capacity will increase.
1. For stopping, first close the valve for the heating medium. This will result in lower cargo
outlet temperature.
2. Leave the cargo pump running for 10 minutes and then
stop the pump.

3. Close the cargo inlet valve to the heater and open the drain
valve on the cargo valve.

4. At ambient temperature below 0°C, prevent any damage by

frost. Drain the heating medium side of the heater by
opening the drain valves.
 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 7 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

2.3 Cleaning procedure

For cleaning of stainless steel cargo heaters fresh water is recommended.

1. Clean the heater by circulating the fresh water/solvent being used for tank cleaning.
Make sure that the heating medium inlet valve is in closed position during cleaning.
If seawater has to be used for cleaning the Framo cargo heaters, special procedure must be
followed.*

2. To inspect the heater after cleaning the cover can be lifted/removed. For this operation Framo
recommend using a Framo Tripod. Alternatively two handles included in toolbox can be used to
lift the cover partially off for inspection.

* Seawater cleaning (Continuous circulation)

The nominal corrosion rate for stainless steel in sea water is low. However, under certain
circumstances, local corrosive attack can take place and the corrosion rate might be severe. High
chloride concentrations and low pH increase the probability of pitting and crevice corrosion as do high
temperatures and stagnant solutions. Cleaning using sea water must therefore be carried out
according to qualified procedure.

1. Avoid pH values below 6,5. Check carefully if the ship has been carrying acids.

2. Ensure that the heating medium valve is closed.

3. Pump through the heater continuously with seawater (use max 4bar pressure). Hot seawater shall
be below 60°C.

4. Pump through the heater with cold seawater as soon as possible after first cleaning to cool down
surfaces. Drain thoroughly.

5. Flush thoroughly through the heater with fresh water to remove chlorides.
 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 8 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

Component HE225/750 HE400/1000 HE500/1000

Cover 55 kg 70 kg 75 kg
Complete Heater 175 kg 340 kg 500 kg

Fig. 7

3.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING

In case of low heating capacity, check the following:

1. Check that the actual cargo pump is running.

2. Check that the heating medium is available at the cargo heater at correct temperature.

3. Check that the heating surface is clean on the cargo side. Ref. cleaning procedure
 OPERATION MANUAL No. 1250-0031-4
Date/sign.: 21Dec04/JEB
FRAMO CARGO HEATERS Page: 9 of 9
HE225/750, HE400/1000, HE500/1000 Rev. A: 13Apr05/JEB

4.0 RECOMMENDED TEMPERATURES OF DIFFERENT CARGOES

DURING VOYAGE
- Generally, for fuel efficient cargo heating the temperature of the cargo shall be kept as low
as possible during voyage. Ref. chapter 1.2 "Fuel efficient cargo heating".

- However, some cargoes may require a different way of handling. (See chapter 5 - molasses).

- In due time before discharge, the cargo heating should start to obtain specified temperature
of the cargo for discharge.

5.0 HEATING OF MOLASSES

Molasses is defined as the end product of sugar manufacture, from which no more sugar may be
crystallized by conventional methods.

Exposure of molasses to high temperatures may cause crystallizing with blocked heaters
as a result. Therefore, we recommend the highest precaution and attention to the heating
operation and the guidelines given.

The pump capacity and discharge head can be found in the pump performance diagram. When
handling cargoes with different viscosity and density the performance diagram have to be
corrected for this according to instruction manual (1400-0030-4 and 1400-0032-4). Because of the
huge variation in composition of the molasses, calculations of pump performance (capacity during
circulation for cargo heating and/or discharge) may not be accurate.
The following procedure for cargo heating is based on general experience and can only be
regarded as guidelines.

Charterer’s instructions are to be followed, if those are stricter than those given below.
1. The molasses must be kept at a temperature high enough to make it pumpable at all times. Some
molasses must be kept close to the discharge temperature during the entire voyage (35-38°C).

2. Maximum recommended temperature of the heating medium at inlet is 120 -140°C (Saturated
steam at 2-3 barg). Alternative hot water may be used. With higher temperature the molasses may
crystallize on the heating elements.

3. The temperature increase over the cargo heater should not exceed 10°C. This is important to
avoid crystallizing and blocking of the heater, and must be carefully checked at regular intervals
during heating.
If the temperature increase is too high, increase the cargo flow by adjusting the pump speed until
acceptable temperature increase is obtained. A high cargo flow will also ensure an even distribution
throughout the entire cargo tank.
However, running the cargo pumps at too high speed increases the risk of crystallizing of molasses in
the pump. For precautions to be taken when handling molasses and other special types of cargoes see
the Cargo pumps Operation Manual.