Steam and Water Injection In Gas Turbine

Water or steam injection is a cost-effective means of reducing gas turbine emissions and
increasing power output. For peaking gas turbines, steam is generally not available, and
water injection is the ideal method. ICS provides complete water and steam injection
systems and turnkey installation with packages available for most models of gas turbines.

Water Injection
• The water injection in the liner is made to reduce the temperature in the primary
zone.
• The injection rate (water to fuel ratio) is a function of the requested reduction of the
NOx emission level.
• The water injection affects the gas turbine performances as follows:
- Increase in output,
- Decrease of the efficiency (increase of the heat rate).
• The water injection device is associated to each fuel nozzle assembly.
• On the outer face of the combustion chamber cover, connecting device is arranged to
connect each nozzle to the water manifold.

Steam Injection

• Also in this case, the injection rate (steam to fuel ratio) is a function of the requested
reduction of the NOx emission level.
• The steam injection affects the gas turbine performances as follows:
- Increase in output,
- Increase of the efficiency (decrease of the heat rate).
• The steam injection device is associated to each fuel nozzle assembly.
• On the outer face of the combustion chamber cover, connecting device is arranged to
connect each nozzle to the steam manifold.
• Unlike injection for NOx reduction, in case of steam injection for power augmentation
the steam is injected into the compressor discharge casing.

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Diagram of Steam and Water Injection

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Hot Gas Path Inspection

The purpose of a hot gas path inspection is to examine those parts exposed to high
temperatures from the hot gases discharged from the combustion process.

Inspection for:

• Foreign Object Damage

• Oxidation/Corrosion/Erosion
• Cracking
• Cooling Hole Plugging
• Remaining Coating Life
• Nozzle Deflection/Distortion
• Abnormal Deflection/Distortion
• Abnormal Wear
• Missing Hardware
• Clearance Limits

Diagram for Hot Gas Path Inspection:

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Borescope Inspection

• Borescopes are optical devices used for conducting inspection of places that are
otherwise hard to access. Borescope inspections are applied for examining things
like automotive cylinders, fuel injectors, hydraulic manifold bodies, weaponry,
aviation.

• Borescopes are rigid or flexible tubes that give visual access to difficult to see areas.
A borescope has a lens for viewing at the top of the tube and an ocular lens, which
mirrors light and instantly sends back visuals to the eyepiece. Borescopes can be
fitted with cameras to capture visual data for review.

Borescope Diagram.