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Theories of Dissolution
Theories of Dissolution
ACIDIC ENTERIC –
DRUGS ARE COATED
USED TABLETS
DESCRIPTION:
There are many theories to explain drug dissolution. The
important ones are ----
dC/dt = k ( Cs – Cb )
Where,
dC/dt = dissolution rate of the drug
k = dissolution rate constant ( first order )
Cs = concentration of drug in the stagnant layer ( also
called as the saturation or maximum drug solubility )
Cb = concentration of drug in the bulk of the solution at
time t.
Nernst & Brunner incorporated Fick’s first law of diffusion &
modifies the Noyes-Whitney’s equation to:
W01/3 – W1/3 = Kt
Where,
W0 =original mass of the drug
W =mass of the drug remaining to dissolve at time t
K =dissolution rate constant
Modified Noyes & Whitney’s equation represents first order kinetics,
the driving force for which is the concentration gradient (Cs-Cb).
dC/dt = K
This equation follows Zero order kinetics. This represents that dissolution
rate is constant under sink condition.
Danckwert’s model:
Dankwert didn’t approve of existence of stagnant layer & suggested
that turbulence in the dissolution medium exists at solid/liquid interface.
Danckwert’s model is expressed by-----------
V dC/dt = dm/dt = A( Cs – Cb ) γD
Where,
m=mass of solid dissolved,
γ=rate of surface renewal
Interfacial barrier model:
An intermediate concentration can exist at the interface
as a result of solvation mechanism & is a function of
solubility rather than diffusion.
This concept is given by------
G = Ki (Cs – Cb )
Where,
G=dissolution rate per unit area,
Ki =effective interfacial transport constant.
Conclusion:
The diffusion layer model & Danckwert’s model were based on----
The rate-determining step that controls dissolution is the mass
transport.
Solid-solution equilibrium is achieved at the solid/liquid interface.