Classical Mechanics JEST 2012-2019 PDF

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Classical Mechanics
JEST-2012
Q1. For small angular displacement (i.e., sin    ), a simple pendulum oscillates
harmonically. For larger displacements, the motion
(a) becomes a periodic
(b) remains periodic with the same period
(c) remains periodic with a higher period
(d) remains periodic with a lower period
Ans.: (c)
Q2. A planet orbits a massive star in a highly elliptical orbit, i.e., the total orbital energy E is
close to zero. The initial distance of closest approach is R0 . Energy is dissipated through
tidal motions until the orbit is circularized with a final radius of R f . Assume that orbital
angular momentum is conserved during the circularization process. then

R0
(a) R f  (b) R f  R0 (c) R f  2R0 (d) R f  2 R0
2
Ans. : (d)
1 2 J2 GMm
Solution: For elliptically motion E  mr  2

2 2mr r
E  0 and closest approach is R0 , at R0  r  0
J2 GMm J2 GMm
0 0 2
  2
  J 2  2GMm 2 R0
2mR0 R0 2 MR0 R0
From condition of circular orbit
J2 V J2 2GMm 2 R0 GMm
 f r     
GMm
   R f  2 R0
mR 3f r mR 3f R 2f mR 3f R 2f
H.No. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com
1
fiziks

Q3. A binary system consists of two stars of equal mass m orbiting each other in a circular
orbit under the influence of gravitational forces. The period of the orbit is T . At t  0 ,
the motion is stopped and the stars are allowed to fall towards each other. After what time
t , expressed in terms of T , do they collide?
x 2 dx x   x 
   x2

2
  x 2  sin 1 
2  

  
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4 2
Ans. : (d)
d 2x GMm d 2x GM A
Solution: m 2   2  2   2   2
dt x dt x x
dv  A dx d  v2  d  A  v2 A
v  2         C
dt x dt dt  2  dt  x  2 x
A
when x  R , v  0 , then c  
R
v2 A A 1 1 dx 2A R  x
   v  2A   
2 x R x R dt R x
0 t
x 2A

R Rx
dx  
0
R
dt
Put x  u 2  dx  2udu and x  0, u  0 and also, x  R, u  R

0
u u 
0 t
2u 2 2A R 2A
 R  u2
du  
0
R
dt  2 
2
R  u 2  sin 1
2 
R R

R
t
R
 R R 1 R  2A R 2A
 2  RR  sin  t  2  sin 1 1  t
 2 2 R R 2 R
2A R  R R
t  2   t  
R 2 2 2 2A
1 R 3 2
t (1)
2 2 GM
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
2
fiziks

mv 2
GMm GM 2 R 4 2 R 2 GM 4 2 R 3
and   v 2
  v      2
R R2 R  2 R GM
R 3 2 R 3 2 
 2   (2)
GM GM 2
1  
From (1) and (2), t  
2 22 4 2
Q4. In a certain inertial frame two light pulses are emitted at point 5 km apart and separated
in time by 5  s . An observer moving at a speed V along the line joining these points
notes that the pulses are simultaneous. Therefore V is
(a) 0.7 c (b) 0.8c (c) 0.3c (d) 0.9 c
Ans. : (c)
Solution: t  0 , t 2  t1  5s , x 2  x1  5km , v  V
 V   V 
t 2   2  x 2 t1   2  x1
t 2  t1  C   C 
2
V V2
1 2 1 2
C C
 
t 2  t1   C 2  x 2  x1 
V
V
  0  5  10 6  2  5  10 3  0
V2 C
1 2
C
6
V 5  10
 2   10 9  V  3 108  C 109  0.3c
C 5  10 3
Q5. A jet of gas consists of molecules of mass m , speed v and number density n all moving
co-linearly. This jet hits a wall at an angle  to the normal. The pressure exerted on the
wall by the jet assuming elastic collision will be
(a) p  2mnv 2 cos 2  (b) p  2mnv 2 cos 
(c) p  3 / 2mnv cos 2  (d) p  mnv 2

Ans.: (a)
Solution: Change in momentum along y - direction will be cancelled out
 Change in momentum along x  direction, p  2mv cos 
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
3
fiziks

p
Force t p p pv cos 
Pressure     
Area A A. t L A. L
A
v cos 
2mv cos   v cos  N  N
Pressure p  ,   n   , V  Area  L  A  L  ,
V  V 
p   2mnv 2 cos 2 
Q6. If the coordinate q and the momentum p form a canonical pair  q, p  , which one of the
sets given below also forms a canonical?

(a)  q,  p  
(b) q 2 , p 2  (c)  p,  q  
(d) q 2 ,  p 2 
Ans.: (c)
Solution: For canonical pair  p,  q 
p   q    p   q 
     0   1  1
q p p q
Q7. A girl measures the period of a simple pendulum inside a stationary lift and finds it to be
g
T seconds. If the lift accelerates upward with an acceleration , then the time period
4
will be
T 2T
(a) T (b) (c) (d) 2T 5
4 5
Ans.: (c)
l
Solution: T  2
g
Since, lift accelerated upward, then
l l l l 2 2T
T   2  2  2  4  2  
g  g g
g 5g g 5 5
4
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
4
fiziks

JEST-2013
Q8. In an observer’s rest frame, a particle is moving towards the observer with an energy E
and momentum P . If c denotes the velocity of light in vacuum, the energy of the
particle in another frame moving in the same direction as particle with a constant velocity
v is
(a)
 E  vP  (b)
 E  vP  (c)
 E  vP  (d)
 E  vP 
1 v / c 1 v / c
2 2
2 2
1   v / c 2  1   v / c 2 
   
Ans.: (a)
vx x v v
t   2x x x
Solution: t   c  x  c c  x 
2
c  x  ct , x  ct 
v 2 c v 2
v2
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c
E
v E
Now x  E , x  E  E   c  E  mc 2 , E  Pc  P  E  E   E  Pv
v2 c v2
1 2 1 2
c c
Q9. The free fall time of a test mass on an object of mass M from a height 2 R to R is
R3 R3 R3 2R 3
(a)  / 2  1 (b) (c)  / 2 (d) 
GM GM GM GM
Ans.: (a)
md 2 r GMm d 2r GM d 2r A
Solution: Equation of motion 2
  2
 2
  2
 2
 2  GM  A
dt r dt r dt r
dv A dr d  v2  d  A v2 A
v  2         C
dt r dt dt  2  dt  r  2 r
when r  2 R, v  0
0 A A v2 A A 2A 2A dr 2A 2R  r
 C  C      v   
2 2R 2R 2 r 2R r 2R dt 2R r
R r A t
2R
2R  r
dr  
R 0
dt
put r  u 2 , dr  2udu when r  2 R, u  2 R , r  R, u  R
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
5
fiziks

R u A t A R u2
 2R
2R  u 2
 2udu  
R 0
dt  
R
t  2  2 R 2 R  u 2 du
R
A  u 2 R 1 u 
 t  2  2R  u 2  sin 
R  2 2 2R  2R
A  R 2 R 1 R 2R 2R 
 t  2 2R  R  sin  2 R  2 R  R sin 1 
R  2 2 2R 2 2R 
  R R R  R R     R
3
A
 t  2   t    1  t    1  A  GM
R  2 4 2  A 2   2  GM
Q10. Under a Galilean transformation, the coordinates and momenta of any particle or system
      
transform as: t '  t , r '  r  vt and p '  p  mv where v is the velocity of the boosted
frame with respect to the original frame. A unitary operator carrying out these

transformations for a system having total mass M , total momentum P and centre of

mass coordinate X is
       
t / 2 
e i t v .P /  e i M v
2
v.X / 
(a) e i M v . X /  e i t v .P /  (b) e i M
     
t / 2   t / 2  
(d) e i t v . P /  e i M v
2 2
v.X / 
(c) e i M e i t v .P /  e i M v
Ans.: (b)
Q11. A spherical planet of radius R has a uniform density  and does not rotate. If the planet
is made up of some liquid, the pressure at point r from the center is
4 2 G 2 4G 2
(a)
3
R  r 2  (b)
3
R  r 2 
2 2 G 2 G
(c)
3
R  r 2  (d)
2
R 2
 r2 
Ans.: (c)
r
dm  g dm  g
  4 r 2 drGM
Solution: Pressure dp    R3
A 4 r 2 4 r 2
dr
r dm (mass of elementary part )

R
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
6
fiziks

4 3 r
  4r 2 drG    R 3
 dp  3 R  dp  4  2 Grdr
4r 2
3
R
R 4 2 4 2  r 2  4 2  R 2 r 2 
 dp   r 3
 Grdr  p 
3
 G
 2
  p 
r 3
 G
 2

2


4  2 G 2 2 2
 p
3 2
R  r2  p 
3
 G R 2  r 2 
Q12. A particle of mass m is thrown upward with velocity v and there is retarding air
resistance proportional to the square of the velocity with proportionality constant k . If
the particle attains a maximum height after time t , and g is the gravitational acceleration,
what is the velocity?
 g   g 
(a)
k
tan t  (b) gk tan t 
 k 
g  k 
(c)
g
k
tan  gk t  (d) gk tan  gk t 
Ans.: (c)
mdv dv k dv
Solution: Equation of motion  mg  kv 2   g  v2   dt
dt dt m k 2
g v
m
dv dv m 1 v
   dt     dt   tan 1 t
k k  gm  k gm gm
g  v2   v2 
m m k  k k
mg  kg 
v tan   t 
k  m 
Q13. Consider a uniform distribution of particles with volume density n in a box. The
particles have an isotropic velocity distribution with constant magnitude v . The rate at
which the particles will be emitted from a hole of area A on one side of this box is
A A
(a) nvA (b) nv (c) nv (d) none of the above
2 4
Ans.: (c)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
7
fiziks

Q14. If, in a Kepler potential, the pericentre distance of particle in a parabolic orbit is rp while
the radius of the circular orbit with the same angular momentum is rc , then
(a) rc  2rp (b) rc  rp (c) 2rc  rp (d) rc  2rp
Ans.: (a)
l
Solution: Conic equation  1  e cos  for parabola e  1 for circle, e  0 ,   0
r
l l
 1  1,  1  l  2rp , l  rC  2rp  rC
rp rC
Q15. A K meson (with a rest mass of 494 MeV ) at rest decays into a muon (with a rest mass
of 106 MeV ) and a neutrino. The energy of the neutrino, which can be massless, is
approximately
(a) 120 MeV (b) 236 MeV (c) 300 MeV (d) 388 MeV
Ans.: (b)
 494 494 106 106  2
 
mk2  m2 c 2  2  2  2  2 c

c c c c 
Solution: k     , E 
2mk 494
2 2
c
244036  11236
  235.6275  236 MeV
988
Q16. A light beam is propagating through a block of glass with index of refraction n . If the
glass is moving at constant velocity v in the same direction as the beam, the velocity of
the light in the glass block as measured by an observer in the laboratory is approximately
c  1  c  1 
(a) u   v 1  2  (b) u   v 1  2 
n  n  n  n 
c  1  c
(c) u   v1  2  (d) u 
n  n  n
Ans. : (a)
c
v 1
n  v  c  v   c  v v2 
Solution: now u   1     v    1   2 2 
vc  n  cn   n   cn c n 
1 2
c n
v2 v3 c v cv 2 c  1 
v  2 2   2  3  u   v 1  2 
cn c n n cn cn n  n 
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
8
fiziks

Q17. The period of a simple pendulum inside a stationary lift is T . If the lift accelerates
g
downwards with an acceleration , the period of the pendulum will be
4
T 2T 2T
(a) T (b) (c) (d)
4 3 5
Ans.: (c)
l
Solution: T  2  lift accelerates down wards then
g
l l 4l l 2T
T   2  2  2  2  2  T 
g  g g
g 3g 3g 3
4
Q18. The velocity of a particle at which the kinetic energy is equal to its rest energy is (in
terms of c , the speed of light in vacuum)
(a) 3c / 2 (b) 3c / 4 (c) 3 / 5c (d) c / 2
Ans.: (a)
Solution: K .E  mc 2  m0 c 2 , rest mass energy  m0 c 2
K .E.  rest mass energy

mc 2  m0 c 2  m0 c 2  mc 2  2m0 c 2
m0 1  v2  v2 3
c 2  2m0 c 2   2  41  2   1  4 2  3  v  c
v2 v2  c  c 2
1 1
c2 c2
Q19. 
If the Poisson bracket  x, p  1 , then the Poisson bracket x 2  p, p is ? 
(a) 2 x (b) 2 x (c) 1 (d) 1
Ans.: (a)
   
Solution: x 2  p, p  x 2 , p  p, p  xx, p  x, px  0  x  1   1 x  2 x
Q20. The coordinate transformation x  0.8 x  0.6 y, y  0.6 x  0.8 y represents

(a) a translation (b) a proper rotation
(c) a reflection (d) none of the above
Ans.: (b)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
9
fiziks

Q21. A small mass M hangs from a thin string and can swing like a pendulum. It is attached
above the window of a car. When the car is at rest, the string hangs vertically. The angle
made by the string with the vertical when the car has a constant acceleration a  1.2 m / s 2
is approximately
(a) 10 (b) 70 (c) 150 (d) 900
Ans.: (b)
a a  1.2 
Solution: T sin   ma , T cos   mg , tan      tan 1  tan 1    6.98  7
0 0
g g  9.8 
JEST-2014
Q22. A dynamical system with two generalized coordinates q1 and q2 has Lagrangian
L  q12  q 22 . If p1 and p2 are the corresponding generalized momenta, the Hamiltonian

is given by
(a)  p12  p 22  / 4 (b) q12  q 22  / 4 (c)  p12  p 22  / 2 (d)  p1 q1  p 2 q 2  / 4
Ans.: (a)
Solution: H   qi pi  L  q1 p1  q 2 p2  L
L p L p
 p1  2q1  q1  1 and  p 2  2q 2  q 2  2
q1 2 q 2 2
H
p1
 p1 
p2
 p2 
p12 p 22
 H 
p12  p22  
2 2 4 4 4
Q23. In a certain inertial frame two light pulses are emitted, a distance 5 km apart and
separated by 5 s . An observer who is traveling, parallel to the line joining the points
where the pulses are emitted, at a velocity v with respect to this frame notes that the
pulses are simultaneous. Therefore v is
(a) 0.7 c (b) 0.8 c (c) 0.3 c (d) 0.9 c
Ans.: (c)
Solution:  x2  x1   5  103 m, t2  t1  5  106 sec
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
10
fiziks

 v   v   v 
t2   2 x2  t1   2 x1   t2  t1   2  x2  x1  
 t2  t1    c 2    c 2    c
2

v v v
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c
v
t2  t1  5 106  2
5 103  0  v  0.3c
c
Q24. A double pendulum consists of two equal masses m suspended by two strings of length l .
What is the Lagrangian of this system for oscillations in a plane? Assume the angles
1 ,  2 made by the two strings are small (you can use cos   1   2 / 2 ).
Note:  0  g / l .
 1 1 
(a) L  ml 2 12  22   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
 1 1 
(b) L  ml 2 12  22  12   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
 1 1 
(c) L  ml 2 12  22  12   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
1 1 
(d) L  ml 2  12  22  12   0212   02 22 
2 2 
Ans.: (b)
Solution: x1  l sin 1 , y1  l cos 1
1 l
x2  x1  l sin  2 y2  y1  l cos  2
x2  l sin 1  l sin  2 , y2  l cos 1  l cos  2
x2  l cos 11  l cos  22 , y 2  l sin 11  l sin  22 2 l
x 22  y 22  l 2 cos 2 112  l 2 cos 2  222  2l 2 cos 11 cos  22  l 2 sin 1212 m
 l 2 sin  2222  2l 2 sin 1 sin  212
 x22  y 22  l 212  l 222  2l 2 cos 1   2  12 also x12  y12  l 212
L  T V 
1
2
 
m x12  y12  x 22  y 22  mgy1  mgy 2
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
11
fiziks

1
 
 L  m l 212  l 212  l 222  2l 2 cos 1   2  12  2mgl cos 1  mgl cos  2
2
 1 2 g  12  1 g   22  
 L  ml 2 12  22  12  1    1    cos 1   2   1
 2 2l  2  2 l 2 
 1 g g 12 g g  22 
 L  ml 2 12  22  12     
 2 l l 2 2l 2l 2 
comparing given options, option (b) is correct i.e.

 1  2 2 1 
L  ml 2  12  22  12  0 1  022 
 2 2 4 
Q25. A monochromatic wave propagates in a direction making an angle 60 o with the x -axis
4c
in the reference frame of source. The source moves at speed v  towards the observer.
5
The direction of the (cosine of angle) wave as seen by the observer is
13 3 13 1
(a) cos    (b) cos    (c) cos    (d) cos   
14 14 6 2
Ans.: (a)
4c c 3
Solution: v  , u x  c cos 60o  , u y  c sin 60o  c
5 2 2
c 4
 c
2 5 13c 13
Now u x    cos  
c 4c 14 14
1  2
2 5c
Q26. The acceleration experienced by the bob of a simple pendulum is
(a) maximum at the extreme positions
(b) maximum at the lowest (central) positions
(c) maximum at a point between the above two positions
(d) same at all positions
Ans.: (a)
Solution: T sin   ma , T cos   mg 
l
T cos
T
a  g tan  at   90 o
T sin 
a is maximum at extreme position. mg
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
12
fiziks

Q27. Consider a Hamiltonian system with a potential energy function is given
by V  x   x 2  x 4 . Which of the following is correct?
(a) The system has one stable point (b) The system has two stable points
(c) The system has three stable points (d) The system has four stable points
Ans.: (a)
Solution: V  x   x 2  x 4 ,
V
x

 2x  4x3  0  2x 1  2x 2  0  x  
1
, 0 
2
 2V  2V 1
 2  12 x 2
  2  12   4  0
dx 2 dx 2 x 
1 2
2
V  2V  2V
For stable point  0 and 0 2 20
x x x x 0
Q28. Two point objects A and B have masses 1000 kg and 3000 kg respectively. They are
initially at rest with a separation equal to 1 m . Their mutual gravitational attraction then
draws them together. How far from A ’s original position will they collide?
1 1 2 3
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m
3 2 3 4
Ans.: (d)
Solution: Since gravitational force is conservative, therefore they collide at their centre of mass
m1 x  1  x m2
m1 x 1 x m2
A B
x  31  x   x 
3
1m
4
JEST-2015
Q29. The distance of a star from the Earth is 4.25 light years, as measured from the Earth. A
space ship travels from Earth to the star at a constant velocity in 4.25 years, according to
the clock on the ship. The speed of the space ship in units of the speed of light is,
1 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 3
Ans.: (b)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
13
fiziks

4.25 4.25
Solution: Proper life-time t0  , t 
c v
t0 4.25 4.25 / c  v2   v2  1
t      2   1  2   v  c
1  v2 / c2 v 1 v / c
2 2
c   c  2
Q30. A classical particle with total energy E moves under the influence of a potential
V  x, y   3x 3  2 x 2 y  2 xy 2  y 3 . The average potential energy, calculated over a long
time is equal to,
2E E E 2E
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 5 5
Ans.: (d)
n
Solution: If one will use virial theorem, then T  V . If V  r n according to problem n  3
2
3 2
So, E  T  V  E  V  V  V  E
2 5
But virial theorem is used only for conservative forces.
   
Force conservative   F  0 , where F  V

   
V  x, y   3 x3  2 x 2 y  2 y 2 x  y 3  V  9 x 2  4 xy  2 y 2 iˆ  2 x 2  4 yx  3 y 2 ˆj
 
   F  0 i.e., force is conservative in nature.
Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Q31. A chain of mass M and length L is suspended vertically with its lower end touching a
weighing scale. The chain is released and falls freely onto the scale. Neglecting the size
of the individual links, what is the reading of the scale when a length x of the chain has
fallen?
Mgx 2Mgx 3Mgx 4Mgx
(a) (b) (c) (d)
L L L L
Ans.: (c)
dp Mgx d  mv  Mgx
Solution: Reading of scale = impulse + actual weight    
dt L dt L
M  dx  Mgx Mv 2 Mgx 2 Mgx Mgx 3Mgx M
   v        v 2  2 gx and m  dx
L  dt  L L L L L L L
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
14
fiziks

Q32. 
A bike stuntman rides inside a well of frictionless surface given by z  a x 2  y 2 , under 

the action of gravity acting in the negative z direction. g   gzˆ . What speed should be
maintain to be able to ride at a constant height z 0 without falling down?
(a) gz 0
(b) 3gz 0
(c) 2 gz 0
(d) The biker will not be able to maintain a constant height, irrespective of speed.
Ans.: (c)

Solution: z  a x 2  y 2 
Using equation of constrain, we must solve the given system in cylindrical co-ordinate.
z  ar 2 , z  2arr  L 
1
2
 
m r 2  r 2   z 2  mgz
1
  1
 
 L  m r 2  r 2   4a 2 r 2 r 2  mgar 2  m  r 2 1  4a 2 r 2  r 2  2   mgar 2
2 2
Equation of motion
d  L  L
  0
dt  r  r
 mr1  4a 2 r 2   mr 2 4a 2 r  mr 2  2mgar  0
At z  z0 , r  0, r  r0 , so, mr0 2  2mgar0
v
 2  2 ga    2 ga ,  2 ga , v  2 ga  r0
r0
1/ 2
z 
v  2 ga   0   2 gz0
a

 z0  ar02 
Q33. The Lagrangian of a particle is given by L  q 2  qq . Which of the following statements
is true?
(a) This is a free particle
(b) The particle is experiencing velocity dependent damping
(c) The particle is executing simple harmonic motion
(d) The particle is under constant acceleration.
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
15
fiziks

Ans.: (a)
L d  L 
Solution:  L  q 2  qq   2q  q     2q  q
q dt  q 
d  L  L
   0
dt  q  q
d 2q dq
 2q  q  q  0  2q  0  2
0   C  q  Ct  
dt dt
Q34. How is your weight affected if the Earth suddenly doubles in radius, mass remaining the
same?
(a) Increases by a factor of 4 (b) Increases by a factor of 2
(c) Decreases by a factor of 4 (d) Decreases by a factor of 2
Ans.: (c)
GM GM W
Solution: W  m  and W   m  W 
 2R 
2 2
R 4
Q35. A spring of force constant k is stretched by x . It takes twice as much work to stretch a
x
second spring by . The force constant of the second spring is,
2
(a) k (b) 2k (c) 4k (d) 8k
Ans.: (d)
1
Solution: The relation between energy and maximum displacement is E  k1 A2
2
2
1 2 x 1  x 1
For A  x ; E1  k1 x and for A  ; E1  k2    k2 x 2
2 2 2  2 8
1 1
 E2  2 E1  k2 x 2  2  k1 x 2  k2  8k1  k2  8k
8 2
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
16
fiziks

JEST-2016
Q36. A hoop of radius a rotates with constant angular velocity  about the
vertical axis as shown in the figure. A bead of mass m can slide on the
hoop without friction. If g   2 a at what angle  apart from 0 and 
a
d d 2
is the bead stationary (i.e.,  2  0 )?
dt dt

g g
(a) tan   (b) sin  
 2a  2a
g g
(c) cos   (d) tan  
 a2
 2 a
Ans.: (c)
Solution: The Lagrangian of the system is
L
1 2 2
2
 
ma   sin 2 2  mga cos 
The equation of motion is,

d  L   L 
  
2  2  
  0  ma   ma sin  cos   mga sin   0
dt      
2
When bead is stationary, then
d d 2
dt
 
 2  0  ma 2 sin  cos 2  mga sin   0 ,
dt
g
    and g   2 a , then cos   2
 a
Q37. The central force which results in the orbit r  a 1  cos   for a particle is proportional
to:
(a) r (b) r 2 (c) r 2 (d) None o the above
Ans.: (c)
1 1 du sin 
Solution: r  a 1  cos    u    
r a 1  cos   d a 1  cos  2
d 2u sin 2  cos 
and  2 
d a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
2 3 2
If J is angular momentum and m is mass of particle
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
17
fiziks

2  2 
J d u 1
  2 u  f  
m  d  u
J 2  d 2u  J 2  2sin 2  cos  1  1
   2 u       f  
m  d  m  a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
3 2
a 1  cos    u
 
J 2  1  cos 2  cos  1  1
  2    f  
m  a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
3 2
a 1  cos    u
 
1 1  au
Put u  , cos   and solving we get
a 1  cos   au
1
f    u 2 so f  r   r 2
u
Q38. Light takes approximately 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to the Earth. Suppose in the
frame of the Sun an event occurs at t  0 at the Sun and another event occurs on Earth at
t  1 minute. The velocity of the inertial frame in which both these events are
simultaneous is:
c
(a) with the velocity vector pointing from Earth to Sun
8
c
(b) with the velocity vector pointing from Sun to Earth
8
(c) The events can never be simultaneous - no such frame exists
2
1
(d) c 1    with velocity vector Pointing from to Earth
8
Ans.: (a)
Solution: x2  x1  c  8  60 , t2  t1  60
vx vx
t2  22 t1  21
t2  t1  0  c  c  0  t   t   v  x  x    0
2 1 2 1
v 2
v2 c2
1 2 1 2
c c
v v c
t2  t1  2  x2  x1   0  60  2 c  8  60  0  v  
c c 8
c
Negative sign indicate frame is moving with the velocity vector pointing from Earth to
8
Sun.
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
18
fiziks

Q39. For the coupled system shown in the figure, the normal coordinates are x1  x2 and
x1  x2 corresponding to the normal frequencies 0 and 30 respectively.

x1 x2
k k k
m m
At t  0 , the displacements are x1  A , x2  0 , and the velocities are v1  v2  0 . The
displacement of the second particle at time t is given by:
(a) x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t  (b) x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t 
(c) x2  t  
A
2

sin 0t   sin  30t  (d) x2  t  
A

2
sin 0t  
1
3
sin  
30t 


Ans.: (b)
Solution: Using boundary condition at t  0 , x2  0 and v2  0
Only x2  t  
A
2
 
cos 0t   cos 30t will satisfied 
Q40. A cylindrical shell of mass m has an outer radius b and an inner radius a . The moment
of inertia of the shell about the axis of the cylinder is:
(a)
1
2

m b2  a 2  (b)
1
2

m b2  a 2  
(c) m b 2  a 2  
(d) m b 2  a 2 
Ans.: (b)
 
b m b m 2
Solution:  x 2 dm   x 2 xdx  b  a2
2
a 
 b a 2 2
 a 2
JEST 2017
Q41. A bead of mass M slides along a parabolic wire described by z  2  x 2  y 2  . The wire
rotates with angular velocity  about the z - axis. At what value of  does the bead
maintain a constant nonzero height under the action of gravity along  ẑ ?
(a) 3g (b) g (c) 2g (d) 4g
Ans. : (d)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
19
fiziks

1
  1
  
Solution: L  m r 2  r 2 2  16r 2 r 2  2mgr 2  L  m r 2 1  16r 2  r 2 2  2mgr 2
2 2

The equation of motion is given by
d  L  L
  
dt  r  r
 
 0  mr 1  16r 2  16mr 2 r  mr 2  4mgr  0
At equilibrium, r  r0 , r  0, 
r 0
So,  mr0 2  4mgr0  0      4 g
Q42.  Q1 , Q2 , P1 , P2  and  q1 , q2 , p1 , p2  are two sets of canonical coordinates, where Qi and qi
are the coordinates and Pi and pi are the corresponding conjugate momenta. If P1  q2
and P2  p1 , then which of the following relations is true?
(a) Q1  q1 , Q2  p2 (b) Q1  p2 , Q2  q1
(c) Q1   p2 , Q2  q1 (d) Q1  q1 , Q2   p2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: From the symmetry Q1   p2 , Q2  q1
Q43. 0  x  and 1  x  are respectively are orthonormal wavefunctions of the ground and first
excited states of a one dimensional simple harmonic oscillator. Consider the normalised
wave function   x   c00  x   c11  x  , where c0 and c1 are real. For what values of c0
and c1 will   x  x   x  be maximized?
(a) c0  c1  1/ 2 (b) c0  c1  1/ 2
(c) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2 (d) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2

Ans. : (a)

Solution:   x  x   x   2c0 c1 0 x 1   c0  c1   1 0 x 1
2
  c02  c12  1
 
So, for   x  x   x  to be maximized, c0  c1  1/ 2
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
20
fiziks

Q44. A possible Lagrangian for a free particle is
1
(a) L  q 2  q 2 (b) L  q 2  qq (c) L  q 2  q (d) L  q 2 
q
Ans. : (b)
d  L   L 
Solution:       0  2q  q  q  0  q  0
dt  q   q 
Q45. A rod of mass m and length l is suspended from two massless vertical springs with a
spring constants k1 and k2 . What is the Lagrangian for the system, if x1 and x2 be the
displacements from equilibrium position of the two ends of the rod?
(a)
8

m 2
x1  2 x1 x 2  x 22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2
(b)
2

m 2
x1  x1 x2  x22    k1  k2   x12  x22 
1
4
(c)
6

m 2
x1  x1 x2  x22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2
(d)
2

m 2
x1  2 x1 x2  x22    k1  k2   x12  x22 
1
4
Ans. : (c)
2
1 1 1  x  x  1 ml 2  2
Solution: T  MVc2.m  I c.m 2  m  1 2   
2 2 2  2  2 12
1 2 1 2
Potential energy is, V  kx1  kx2
2 2
x2  x1 x x x  x
sin   for small oscillation   2 1    2 1
l l l
2 2
1  x1  x2  1 ml 2  x1  x2  1 2 1 2
L m      kx1  kx2
2  2  2 12  l  2 2

6

m 2
x1  x1 x2  x22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
21
fiziks

p 2  p y2
Q46. If the Hamiltonian of a classical particles is H  x  xy , then x 2  xy  y 2 at
2m
temperature T is equal to
1 3
(a) k BT (b) k BT (c) 2k B T (d) kBT
2 2
Ans. : (a)
Q47. A simple pendulum has a bob of mass 1 kg and charge 1 Coulomb. It is suspended by a
massless string of length 13 m . The time period of small oscillations of this pendulum is

T0 . If an electric field E  100 xV
ˆ / m is applied, the time period becomes T . What is the
x
value of T0 / T  ?
4
y l  13 m

E  100 Volt m 1  iˆ
g  10 m sec 2
m  1kg
q  1 Coulomb
Solution: In equilibrium condition, pendulum is tilted at angle  and is at rest
 mg sin   qE cos 
 qE    mg 
2 2
qE
tan   qE 
mg

qE mg
 sin  
qE cos 
 2 E    mg 
2 2
qE
mg qE cos  mg sin 
cos   mg sin  mg
 2 E    mg 
2 2
When pendulum is displaced by small angle  the restoring force is

F    mg sin      qE cos     
   mg  sin  cos   cos  sin    qE  cos  cos   sin  sin   
   mg sin  cos   mg cos  sin   qE cos  cos   qE sin  sin  
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
22
fiziks

x
for small angular difference, cos   1 and sin  
l
 x x
F   mg sin   qE cos    mg cos  .  qE sin . 
 l l
 
   x .  mg    qE 
2 2
x mg qE
F    mg .  qE 
l  qE    mg 
2 2
 qE    mg 
2 2  l  2 E 2   mg 2
 
 mg    qE 
2 2
d 2x
 2  1 0
dl ml
 mg 
2
l 169
   T  2  T 4   2 
2 4
 
ml q 
2 10100
g2   E 
m  l
qE cos    
l 4 169
x
As, T0  2  T04   2  qE
g 100
qE sin    
mg mg sin    
4
 
T
  0   101 mg cos    
T 
Q49. Consider a point particle A of mass mA colliding elastically with another point particle
mB
B of mass mB at rest, where   . After collision, the ratio of the kinetic energy of
mA
particle B to the initial kinetic energy of particle A is given by
4 2 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 2
1

1
 2
1 
  
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Before Collision After Collision
mA mB mA mB
u vA vB
u2  0
  
Since, P1  P2 Fext 0 
 mA u  0  mB vB  mA u A
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
23
fiziks

 u  v A   vB
Also, KE1  KE2
1 1 1
 mAu 2  0  mAv A2  mB vB2
2 2 2
2 u v 2
On solving, we get vB   B 
  2
u  1
1
m v2 2
KEB 2 B B  2  4 4
     2 
KE A 1
mA u 2   1   2  1   2  1
2 
Thus, option (a) is correct.
Q50. A toy car is made from a rectangular block of mass M and four disk wheels of mass m
and radii r . The car is attached to a vertical wall by a massless horizontal spring with
spring constant k and constrained to move perpendicular to the wall. The coefficient of
static friction between the wheel of the car and the floor is  . The maximum amplitude
of oscillations of the car above which the wheels start slipping is
 g  M  2m  M  4m   g  M 2  m2 
(a) (b)
mk Mk
 g  M  m  g  M  4m  M  6m 
2
(c) (d)
2mk 2mk
Ans. : (d)
Solution: If F is force on each wheel then kx
kx  4 F  Ma (i)
For each wheel
2F 2F
 M 
Ff    mg  g
 4 
F
 M 
F    mg  g   ma
 4 
When Torque is balanced about bottom most point
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
24
fiziks

3  a  3
FR   mR 2     ma
2  R  2
 M 
2  mg  g
a  4 
m
Putting in equation (i)
kx  6ma  Ma
  M  6m  4m  M  g
kx   M  6m  a 
2m
  M  6m  4m  M  g
x
2mk
Q51. Water is poured at a rate of R m3 / hour from the top into a cylindrical vessel of diameter
D . The vessel has a small opening of area a  

a  D at the bottom. What should be
the minimum height of the vessel so that water does not overflow?
R2 R2 8R 2
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
2 ga 2 2 gaD 2  D2 g 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The rate at which liquid coming out of the hole of area ‘ a ’ when vessel of height H is
filled Q1  R
Q2  aV2 , when V2  2 gh
H
The rate at which liquid poured in vessel is Q1  R
R2 Q2  aV2
 Q1  Q2  a 2 gH  R  H 
2 ga 2
Thus, correct option is (b)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
25
fiziks

JEST-2018
Q52. A ball of mass m starting front rest, fails a vertical distance h before striking a vertical
spring, which it compresses by a length  . What is the spring constant of the spring?
(Hint: Measure all the vertical distances from the point where the ball first touches the
uncompressed spring, i.e., set this point as the origin of the vertical axis.)
2mg 2mg 2mg 2mg
(a) h    (b) h    (c) h    (d) h
 2
 3
 2
2
Ans. : (a)
1 2mg  h   
Solution: mg  h     k 2  k 
2 2
Q53. If  q, p  is a canonically conjugate pair, which of the following is not a canonically
conjugate pair?
 2 pq 1   2 qp 1 
(a)  q ,  (b)  p ,  
 2   2 

(c) pq 1 ,  q 2 
 q 
(d)  f  p    where f   p  is the derivative of f  p  with respect to p .
 f   p 
 
Ans. : (c)

  pq 1   q 2    
 pq 1   q 2      2  1 so
Solution: 
 q
.
p

p
.
q 
 pq 1

, q 2 is not canonical .
 
So option (c) is correct
Q54. Consider a particle of mass m moving under the effect of an attractive central potential
given as V  kr 3 where k 0 . For a given angular momentum
L, r0  3km / L2 corresponds to the radius of the possible circular orbit and the
L2
corresponding energy is E0  . The particle is released from r  r0 with an inward
 6mr02 
velocity, energy E  E0 and angular momentum L . How long will be particle take to
reach r0
(a) zero (b) 2mr02 L1 (c) 2 mr02 L1 (d) Infinite
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
26
fiziks

Ans. : (d)
L2 k
Solution: Veffective  2
 3
2mr r
Veffective L2 3k L2
0   0  r 
r
0
mr 3 r 4 3mk
 2Veffective 3L2 12k

  4  5  0 at r  r0
r 2 mr r
For the given value of energy the particle will reach at unstable equilibrium point which
is not possible. So time is infinity.
Q55. A particle of mass 1kg is undergoing small oscillation about the equilibrium point in the
1 1
potential V  x   12
 6 for x  0 meters. The time period (in seconds) of the
2x x
oscillation is
 
(a) (b) (c) 1.0 (d) 
2 3
Ans. : (c)
1 1
Solution: V  x   12
 6
2x x
V 1 12 6 1 1 
  13  7  0   7  6  1  0
x 2x x x x 
x6  1
 2V
 2V 6  13 6.7 x 2
  8  78  42  34   x 1
 34  5.8
x 2 x 1
x14 x m
2 2 2  3.14
  34  T    1.08
T 34 5.8
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
27
fiziks

Q56. A block of mass M is moving on a frictionless inclined surface of a
wedge of mass m under the influence of gravity. The wedge is lying on
a rigid frictionless horizontal surface. The configuration can be 
  r1 
described using the radius vectors r1 and r2 shown in the figure. How r2
many constraints are present and what are the types?

(a) One constraint; holonomic and scleronomous
(b) Two constraints; Both are holonomic; one is scleronomous and rheonomous
(c) Two constraints; Both are scleronomous; one is holonomic and other is non-
holonomic.
(d) Two constraints; Both are holonomic and scleronomous
Ans. : (d)
Q57. A person on Earth observes two rockets A and B directly approaching each other with
speeds 0.8c and 0.6 c respectively. At a time when the distance between the rockets is
observed to be 4.2 108 m , the clocks of the rockets and the Earth are synchronized to
t  0 s . The time of collision (in seconds) of the two rockets as measured in rocket A ' s
x
frame is . What is x ?
10
Ans. : 5.3
Solution: v  0.8c, ux  0.6
u x  v 1.4
ux   c
u x v 1.48
1 2
c
v2
l  l0 1  2
 4.2  108 1  0.64  4.2  108  0.36
c
l 4.2 108  0.36 x

t   0.53   x  5.3
ux 0.94  3  108
10
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
28
fiziks

Q58. Consider a simple pendulum in three dimensional space. It consists of a string length
l  20 cm and bob mass m  15 kg attached to it as shown in the figure below. The
acceleration due to gravity is downwards as shown in the figure with a magnitude
g  10 ms 2 . x
y
l  20cm
z
m  15kg
g  10ms 2
The pendulum is pulled in the x  z plane to a position where the string makes an angle

 with the z -axis. It is then released an angular velocity  radians per second
3
about the z-axis. What should be the value of  in radians per second so that the angle
lie siring makes with the z -axis does not change with time?
Ans. : 31.6 m / s
Solution: The object of mass m execute a horizontal circular orbit of
radius r with angular velocity  . Let h be the vertical distance 
h l
between the pivotal and the plane of the circular orbit and let  be T
the angle subtended by eh string with the downward vertical. r
The object is subject to two forces 

mg
(i) The gravitational force mg which acts vertically downward and
(ii) The tension force T which acts upward along the string
The vertical component of the tension force ( T cos  ) balances the weight of the object
( mg )
i.e. T cos   mg ….(i)
Since the object is executing a circular orbit, radius r , with angular velocity  , it
experiences a centripetal force m  2 r
 T sin   m  2 r ….(ii)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
29
fiziks

From (i) and (ii)
2 r
tan   ….(iii)
h
r
since, tan   ….(iv)
h
r 2 r g
  
h h h
Now, h  l cos 
g
 
l cos 
Given g  10 ms 2 , l  20 cm  20  102 m

  600
3
10 10
   1000
2  10  cos  60 
2 0
2
2 10 
1
2
   31.6 m / s
Q59. Consider two coupled harmonic oscillators of mass m in each. The Hamiltonian
describing the oscillators is
pˆ 2 pˆ 2 1

Hˆ  1  2  m 2 xˆ12  xˆ22   xˆ1  xˆ2 
2m 2m 2
2

The eigenvalues of Ĥ are given by (with n1 and n2 being non-negative integers)
(a) En1 ,n2    n1  n2  1
 1 1  1
(b) En1 ,n2    n1      n2  
 2 3  2
 1  1
(c) En1 ,n2    n1    3   n2  
 2  2
1
(d) En1 ,n2    n1  n2  1
3
Ans. : (c)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
30
fiziks

1
2
 2 1
 
Solution: V  m 2 xˆ12  xˆ22   xˆ1  xˆ2   m 2 2 xˆ12  2 xˆ22  2 xˆ1 xˆ2
2

V
1
2

k 2 xˆ12  2 xˆ22  2 xˆ1 xˆ2 
 2k k  m 0 
V   T  
 k 2k   0 m
Secular equation is given by V  02T  0
 2k  02 m k 
V  0
 k 2k  02 m 
 2k   m  k 3k
2
2
0  k 2  0  0  , ,  0   , 3
m m
Quantum mechanical energy is
 1  1
En1 ,n2    n1    3   n2  
 2  2
Q60. A ball comes in from the left with speed 1 (in arbitrary units) and causes a series of
collisions. The other four balls shown in the figure are initially at rest. The initial motion
is shown below (the number in the circle indicate the object’s relative mass). This initial
velocities of the balls shown in the figure are represented as 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 .
1 1 1 1 2
A negative sign means that the velocity is directed to the left. All collisions are elastic.
Which of the following indicates the velocities of the balls after all the collisions are
completed?
 1 1 1  1 2
(a)   ,  , 0, 0,  (b)   , 0, 0, 0, 
 2 2 2  3 3
 1 3  1 1
(c)   , 0, 0, 0,  (d)   , 0, 0, 0, 
 2 4  2 2
Ans. : (b)
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
31
fiziks

Solution: ds  2 balls of same mass have elastic collision, after collision. First ball stops and
second moves with velocity of 1st
1m / s 1m / s
Second collision
u0 v0
1m / s 1m / s
Third collision
u0 v0
1m / s
v2
Fourth collision
1 kg 2 kg u  0 v1
v2  v1
1 1  2  v1  2v2  v1  2v2  1 and 1   v2  v1  1
1 0
2 2
so v2  m / s, v1   m / s
3 3
1m / s
First collision 1
1 kg m/s
3
1
1 u0 m/s
m/s 3
3
Second collision
u0 1
m/s
3
1 v0
m/s
3
Third collision
Final velocity
 1 2
  3 , 0, 0, 0, 3  . So the correct option is (b).
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
32
fiziks

Q61. Consider the Lagrangian
q2
L  1  1  q 2 
2
of a particle executing oscillations whose amplitude is A . If p denotes the momentum of
the particle, then 4 p 2 is
 
(a) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2   
(b) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2 
 
(c) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2   
(d) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2 
Ans. : (a)
Q62. A block of mass M rests on a plane inclined at an angle  with respect to the horizontal.
A horizontal force F  Mg is applied to the block If  is the static friction between the
block and the plane, the range of  so that the block remains stationary is
(a)    tan    (b) 1    cot   1  
1  1  1  1 
(c)  tan   (d)  cot  
1  1  1  1 
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The free body diagram of the block is shown below:
The normal force on the block can be calculated using Newton’s second law in the
direction perpendicular to the incline.
N
N  Mg cos   Mg sin   0
 Mg
 N  Mg  sin   cos  

Maximum value of static frictional force  Mg
f s   Mg  sin   cos  
The coefficient  tells us that Ff   N . Using Eq this inequality becomes
Mg sin   cos    Mg  cos   sin   ……(1).
The absolute value here signifies that we must consider two cases:
If tan   1 , then Eq.(1) becomes
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
33
fiziks

1 
sin   cos     cos   sin    tan   .
1 
We divided by 1   , so this inequality is valid if   1 , we see from the first inequality
here that any value of  (subject to our assumption, tan   1 ) works.
If tan   1 , then Eq. (1) becomes
1 
 sin   cos     cos   sin    tan   .
1 
Putting these two ranges for  together, we have
1  1 
 tan   .
1  1 
Q63. The coordinate q and the momentum p of a particle satisfy
dq dp
 p,  3q  4 p
dt dt
If A  t  is the area of any region of points moving in the  q, p  -space, then the ratio
A t 
is
A 0
(a) 1 (b) exp  3t  (c) exp  4t  (d) exp  3t / 4 
Ans. : (c)
JEST-2019
Q64. Consider the following transformation of the phase space coordinates  q, p    Q, P 
Q  q a cos bp P  q a sin bp
For what values of a and b will the transformation be canonical?
1 1 1 1
(a) 1,1 (b) , (c) 2, (d) ,2
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (d)
Q P P Q
Solution: For canonical transformation .  .
q p q p

 1  abq 2 a 1 cos 2 bp  sin 2 bp  1 
1
a  ,b  2
2
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
34
fiziks

Q65. Two objects of unit mass are thrown up vertically with a velocity of 1ms 1 at latitudes
450 N and 450 S , respectively. The angular velocity of the rotation of Earth is given to be
7.29 105 s 1 . In which direction will the objects deflect when they reach their highest
point (due to Coriolis force)? Assume zero air resistance.
(a) to the east in Northern hemisphere and west in Southern Hemisphere
(b) to the west in Northern hemisphere and east in Southern Hemisphere
(c) to the east in both hemispheres
(d) to the west in both hemispheres
Ans. : (d)
Q66. Two joggers A and B are running at a steady pace around a circular track. A takes TA
minutes whereas B takes TB   TA  minutes to complete one round. Assuming that they
have started together, what will be time taken by A to overtake B for the first time?
1
2 1 1 1  1 1 
(a) (b)  (c) (d)   
TA  TB TA TB TA  TB  TA TB 
Ans. : (d)
Solution: vrelative  v A  vB  T  v A  vB   2 R
1
 2 2   1 1 
TR  A  B   2 R  TR     2 R  T    
 TA TB   TA TB 
Q67. A bullet with initial speed v0 is fired at a log of wood. The resistive force by wood on the
bullet is given by  v , where   1 . What is the time taken to stop the bullet inside the
wood log?
m v0 1 m v0 1 m v01  v10
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 1   1  1 m 1
Ans. : (c)
dv t m 0 dv m v10
Solution: m   v   dt     
dt 0  v0 v  1
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
35
fiziks

Q68. What is the change in the kinetic energy of rotation of the earth if its radius shrinks by
1% ? Assume that the mass remains the same and the density is uniform.
(a) increases by 1% (b) increases by 2% (c) decreases by 1% (d) decreases by 2%
Ans. : (b)
Q69. A hoop of diameter D is pivoted at the topmost point on the
circumference as shown in the figure. The acceleration due to
D g
gravity g is acting downwards. What is the time period of small
oscillations in the plane of the hoop?
D 5D
(a) 2 (b) 2
2g 6g
D 2D
(c) 2 (d) 2
2g g
Ans. : (c)
Q70. In a fixed target elastic scattering experiment, a projectile of mass m , having initial
velocity v0 , and impact parameter b , approaches the scatterer. It experiences a central
k
repulsive force f  r    k  0  . What is the distance of the closest approach d ?
r2
1 1
 k 2  k 2
(a) d   b 2  2  (b) d   b 2  2 
 mv0   mv0 
k
(c) d  b (d) d 
mv02
Ans. : (a)
k k
Solution: f  r   2 
k  0  so potential is V  r  
r r
vb
Conservation of angular momentum mv0b  md 2    02
d
2 2
mv0 md 
2
k  v0b
Conservation of energy is given by    2
2 2 d d
1
 k 2
d   b2  2 
 mv0 
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
36
fiziks

Q71. A thin uniform steel chain is 10 m long with a linear mass density of 2 kg m 1 . The chain
hangs vertically with one end attached to a horizontal axle, having a negligibly small
radius compared to its length. What is the work done (in N  m ) to slowly wind up the
chain on to the axle? The acceleration due to gravity is g  9.81 ms 1 .
Ans. : 981
Solution: l  10 m
Mass to be pulled
m dy
Mass of small elementary  dy
l
y
m
PE of mass    dy  y  g
l
So work required in pulling reference
m
W    dU     y dy  g
l
0
l
m l2 mgl 2 10  9.8110

  g    981 J
l 2 2 2
Q72. Consider the motion of a particle in two dimensions given by the Lagrangian

L
2

m 2

x  y 2   x  y 
4
2
where   0 . The initial conditions are given as y  0   0, x  0   42 meters,
x  0   y  0   0 . What is the value of x  t   y  t  at t  25 seconds in meters?
Ans. : 42

Solution: L 
m 2
2
 4

x  y 2   x  y 
2
The equation of motion is

d  L   L   
       0  mx  x  y  0 ….(1)
dt  x   x  2 2
d  L   L   
       0  my  y  x  0 ….(2)
dt  y   y  2 2
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
37
fiziks

Subtracting equation  2  from 1 gives m   y   0  
x   x  
y0
Integrating both sides with t gives

x  y  c1
From the equation x  0   y  0   0 , there c1  0
Hence, x  y  0 ….(3)
Integrating both sides of this equation with t gives
x  y  c2
Putting x  0   42, y  0   0 gives
42  0  c2  42
Therefore, x  y  42
The value of x  y is independent of t .
Therefore, at t  25s
x  t   y  t   42
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
38

Classical Mechanics JEST 2012-2019 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Classical Mechanics JEST 2012-2019 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Classical Mechanics JEST 2012-2019 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

fiziks

angular momentum is conserved during the circularization process. then

Put x  u 2  dx  2udu and x  0, u  0 and also, x  R, u  R

(c) p  3 / 2mnv cos 2  (d) p  mnv 2

sets given below also forms a canonical?

put r  u 2 , dr  2udu when r  2 R, u  2 R , r  R, u  R

r dm (mass of elementary part )

(a) rc  2rp (b) rc  rp (c) 2rc  rp (d) rc  2rp

K .E.  rest mass energy

Q20. The coordinate transformation x  0.8 x  0.6 y, y  0.6 x  0.8 y represents

L  q12  q 22 . If p1 and p2 are the corresponding generalized momenta, the Hamiltonian

x2  l sin 1  l sin  2 , y2  l cos 1  l cos  2

x2  l cos 11  l cos  22 , y 2  l sin 11  l sin  22 2 l

comparing given options, option (b) is correct i.e.

 mr1  4a 2 r 2   mr 2 4a 2 r  mr 2  2mgar  0

At z  z0 , r  0, r  r0 , so, mr0 2  2mgar0

The equation of motion is,

When bead is stationary, then

If J is angular momentum and m is mass of particle

x1  x2 corresponding to the normal frequencies 0 and 30 respectively.

At t  0 , the displacements are x1  A , x2  0 , and the velocities are v1  v2  0 . The

displacement of the second particle at time t is given by:

So,  mr0 2  4mgr0  0      4 g

Q42.  Q1 , Q2 , P1 , P2  and  q1 , q2 , p1 , p2  are two sets of canonical coordinates, where Qi and qi

and P2  p1 , then which of the following relations is true?

and c1 will   x  x   x  be maximized?

(a) c0  c1  1/ 2 (b) c0  c1  1/ 2

(c) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2 (d) c0   3 / 2, c1  1/ 2

So, for   x  x   x  to be maximized, c0  c1  1/ 2

When pendulum is displaced by small angle  the restoring force is

   mg  sin  cos   cos  sin    qE  cos  cos   sin  sin   

   mg sin  cos   mg cos  sin   qE cos  cos   qE sin  sin  

Also, KE1  KE2

D . The vessel has a small opening of area a  

 2Veffective 3L2 12k

many constraints are present and what are the types?

l 4.2 108  0.36 x

the angle subtended by eh string with the downward vertical. r

The object is subject to two forces 

(a) En1 ,n2    n1  n2  1

Secular equation is given by V  02T  0

the particle, then 4 p 2 is

The coefficient  tells us that Ff   N . Using Eq this inequality becomes

Mg sin   cos    Mg  cos   sin   ……(1).

m l2 mgl 2 10  9.8110

where   0 . The initial conditions are given as y  0   0, x  0   42 meters,

x  0   y  0   0 . What is the value of x  t   y  t  at t  25 seconds in meters?

The equation of motion is

Integrating both sides with t gives

From the equation x  0   y  0   0 , there c1  0

Putting x  0   42, y  0   0 gives

You might also like