MS ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAVARATHNA AGARAHARA,SADAHALLI POST,

BENGALURU-562110

DEPARTMENT ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
HYBRID REGENERATIVE SMART ELECTRIC VEHICLE” is carried out
by AKSHAY KUMAR R V(1ME13EE002), JEROME EDWARD K(1ME14EE403),
RAJATH S(1ME13EE013), SUDHAKARAN S (1ME14EE012), bona fide students of
M.S. Engineering College in partial fulfilment for the award of BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING in ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2017-2018. It
is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements
in respect of project work prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering degree.

……………………. …………………….. ………………………….

Signature of the Guide
MS AFROZ PASHA
DR.K.S.BADRINARAYAN
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of EEE
Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal
DR.CYRIL PRASANNA RAJ.P
HOD, Dept. Of EEE M.S.E.C., Bengaluru
M.S.E.C., Bengaluru

Name of examiners Signature with date

1……………………

2……………………
 M S ENGINEERING COLLEGE
NAVARATHNA AGARAHARA, SADAHALLI POST,
BENGALURU-562110

DEPARTMENT ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

We, AKSHAY KUMAR R V, JEROME EDWARD K, RAJATH S and

SUDHAKARAN S students of 8th semester, Electrical and Electronics Department, M S
Engineering College, Bangalore, declare that this project work entitled “Design And
Implementation Of Hybrid Regenerative Smart Electric Vehicle” has been carried out
by us and submitted in partial fulfilment of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during
the year 2017-18.

Name USN Signature of the candidate

AKSHAY KUMAR R V 1ME13EE002

JEROME EDWARD K 1ME14EE403

RAJATH S 1ME13EE013

SUDHAKARAN S 1ME14EE012

Place: Bangalore

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would
be incomplete without the mentioning of the people whose constant guidance and
encouragement made it possible. We consider it as out privilege and thanks to the following
persons for their help, encouragement and intellectual influence during the course of this
project.

Firstly, we take this opportunity to express our profound and cordial gratitude to our guide
Mr. Afroz Pasha Assistant Prof, Electrical & Electronics Engineeringfor thevaluable
guidance throughout the project. Their guidance helped us to overcome many of the
problems faced during the course of the project.Their encouragement and guidance have
helped us to successfully complete our project.

We convey our deep sense of gratitude to,Dr.Cyril Prasanna Raj.P, HOD of Electrical &
Electronics Department, MSEC for his help and encouragement.

We would like to take this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude to Dr. K.S.
Badarinarayan, principal of MS Engineering College Bangalore, for his constant support,
enthusiasm and motivation.

Thanks to all staff of MSEC, Electrical Department for their guidance and motivation
throughout our academic.
 ABSTRACT

Solar energy and wind energy are the two most viable renewable energy resources in the
world. Good compensation characters are usually found between solar energy and wind
energy. This paper recommends an optimal design model for designing hybrid solar–wind
automobile and also using a regenerative motor for employing battery banks for calculating
the vehicle optimum configurations and ensuring that the annualized cost of the vehicle is
minimized while satisfying the custom required loss of power supply probability (LPSP). In
fact energy is conserved during the regenerative period and storage of excess energy created
during regenerative braking condition in the battery. The bidirectional DC-DC converters
are often used for the battery charging and discharging application. The bidirectional dc-dc
converter can be operated in buck boost mode. The stored energy in the battery provides
maximum power to the BLDC motor, while during regenerative braking operation the
energy is fed back to the source by the same bidirectional buck-boost converter. The
simulation will be done for Brushless DC motor using MATLAB/Simulink software.

.
 CONTENTS

Sl No. Title Page No.

1. Introduction 1-4
2. Literature Survey 5-9
3. System Configuration 10-12

3.1 Proposed System 10

3.1.1 Block Diagram 10
3.1.2 Brief Description 11
3.1.3 Scope 11
3.1.4 Bldc Motor 11
3.1.5 Circuit Of Bldc Motor Operation 12
4 Software Requirement 13-20
4.1 Matlab 2014 13

4.1.1 Matlab's power Of Computation Mathematics 13

4.1.2 Features Of Matlab 14

4.1.3 Uses Of Matlab 14
4.2 Simulink 15
4.2.1 Simulation And Model Based Design 15
4.2.2 Key Features 15
4.2.3 Tool For Model Based-Design 15
4.2.4 Tool For Simulation 16
4.2.5 Tool For Analysis 17
4.2.6 Interaction With Matlab Environment 17
4.2.7 Model-Based Design 17

4.2.8 Model-Based Design Improve Efficiency 18

4.2.9 Model-Based Design Process 18
4.2.10 Defining The System 18
4.2.11 Identifying System Components 19

4.2.12 Modeling The System With Equations 20

4.2.13 Building The Simulink Block Diagram 20
4.2.14 Running The Simulation 20
4.2.15 Validating The Simulation Results 20
5. HARDWARE DETAILS 21-57
5.1 Bldc Motor 21
5.1.1 Features & Benefits 22
5.2 Pin Configuration Of Drive Circuit 22
5.3 Zeta Dc-Dc Converter 23
5.4 Pic Microcontroller 24
5.4.1 Introduction 24
5.4.2 History 24
5.4.2.1 Base Line Pic 25
5.4.2.2 Mid Range Pic 25
5.4.2.3 Enhanced Mid Range-Pic 26
5.4.2.4 Pic18 26

5.4.3 Limitations Of Pic Architecture 28

5.4.4 Advantages Of Pic Controlled System 28
5.4.5 Overview Of Pic 16c72-1sp 29
5.4.6 Features Of Pic16c72-1sp 29
5.4.7 Features Of Pic16c72-1sp 30
5.5 Interfacing Of Dc Motor 30
5.6 Interfacing Of Sensors 32
5.7 Mosfets 33
5.8 Voltage Transformer Basics 35
5.8.1 Single Phase Volatge Transformer 37
5.8.2 Transformer Construction (Single Phase) 37
5.8.3 Transformer Action 39
5.8.4 Electrical Transformers And Rotating Machines 42
5.8.5 Resistors 44
5.9 Battery 51

5.10 Heat Sink 54

5.11 Crystal Oscillator 55
5.12 Solar Panel 56
5.13 Self Excited Induction Generator 57
6 Simulation 59-61
6.1 Simulation Circuit 59
6.2 Simulation Result 60
6.2.1 Back Emf 60
6.2.2 Stator Current 60
6.2.3 Speed 61
6.2.4 Torque 61
7 Working Prototype And Operation 62-64
8 Merits And Demerits 65

8.1 Merits 65
8.2 Demerits 65
9 Conclusion 66
References 67
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG. NO NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO.

Fig 1.1 A BLDC motor drive fed by a PFC Cuk 4

converter using a current multiplier approach
Fig 3.1 Block Diagram of Proposed Circuit 10
Fig 3.2 BLDC Motor Operation 12
Fig 5.1 Pin Configuration of IC TDA5140A/AT 22

Fig 5.2 Design of ZETA Converter 23

Fig 5.3 Pin Diagram PIC16C72 30
Fig 5.4 Motor Driver IC L293D (With Truth Table) 32

Fig 5.5 Mosfet’s 34

Fig 5.6 Voltage Transformer 35

Fig 5.7 Single Phase Voltage Transformer 37

Fig 5.8 Construction of Single Phase Transformer 37

Fig 5.9 Transformer Action 40
Fig 5.10 A Typical Resistor 44
Fig 5.11 Carbon Resistor 46
Fig 5.12 Cross-sectional view of Carbon Resistor 47
Fig 5.13 Film Resistor 47
Fig 5.14 Cross-sectional view of film resistor 48

Fig 5.15 Wirewound Resistor 49

Fig 5.16 Cross-sectional view of wirewound resistor 51

Fig 5.17 12V 1.3Amps Battery 52

Fig 5.18 Fuel Cell 53
Fig 5.19 Heat Sink 55
Fig 5.20 Crystal Oscillator 56
Fig 5.21 Solar Panel 57
Fig 5.22 Self Excited Induction Generator 58
Fig 6.1 Simulation Circuit 59
Fig 6.2 Waveform of back EMF in Volts 60
Fig 6.3 Waveform of back EMF in Volts 60
Fig 6.4 Waveform of Motor Speed in RPM 61
Fig 6.5 Waveform of Motor Torque in Nm 61
Fig 7.1 Prototype Model 62