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iaurk iudma;s ( l,d;aul m%;sNdj iu.
oDIaájd§ w.;Ska o m%lg flfrk lD;shla
mdks úfÊisßj¾Ok úisks
2017 fkdjeïn¾ 8
fuys my; m, jkafka" —iajdëk iskud tluq;=j˜ úiska
miq.sh Tlaf;dan¾ 10 jk od" rdcH Ñ;%mg ixia:d iskud
Yd,dfõ§ mj;ajk ,o" i;Hð;a udbáfma f.a iaurk
iudma;s Ñ;%mgh ms,sn| ixjdofha §" iudcjd§ iudk;d
mlaIfha mdks úfÊisßj¾Ok úiska bÈßm;a l, woyia
j, úia;drkhls'
1997 jif¾§ ksYamdokh lrk ,o iaurk iudma;s"
i;Hð;a udbáfma f.a m%:u Ñ;%mg ks¾udkh hs' udbáfma
úiskau ;sr msgm; ,shd we;s fuu Ñ;%mgh" 2000 jif¾
iqu;s fg,s iïudk Wf,f,a § fyd|u fg,s Ñ;%mghg ysñ
iïudkh o" tu jif¾u YS% ,xld úpdrl iïudk Wf,f,a
§ úfYaI cQß iïudkh o Èkd .ekSug iu;aj we;'
iaurk iudma;s g miqìï j we;af;a 1988-89 ld,
mßÉfþofha YS% ,xldfõ mej;s NSIkhhs' tl, mej;s
ckdêm;s wd¾' fm%auodi f.a tlai;a cd;sl mlaI ^tcdm&
wdkavqj úiska uqody, reÿre rdcH ;%ia;h yryd" .ïno
;rekhka 60"000 la >d;kh flreks' óg iu.dój
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqk ^cúfm& úiska —foaYfm%aufha˜
kdufhka Èh;a l, *eisiaÜ Woaf>daIkh ;=," thg tfrys
foaYmd,k mlaI idudðlhka" jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhka
iy lïlrejka we;=¨ ;j;a ish.kkla ïf,aÉP f,i urd
oeuqks'
YS% ,xldfõ iudc-foaYmd,ksl m¾hdh flfrys buy;a
n,mEula we;s l, tu NSIkfhka oi jirlg miq"
th miqìï fldg.;a lD;shla ks¾udkh lsÍug ;rek
l,dlrefjl= f,i udbáfma ord we;s m%h;akh meiish
hq;=h' W;=f¾ fou, mSä; ck;djg tfrysj ïf,aÉP
hqoaOhla Èh;a fjñka mej;s ld,hl iy tu hqoaOh
;=,§ l=ßre wmrdO isÿl, ñkSurejka" rkúrejka f,i
W;al¾Ihg kexjqkq miqìul" ,xldfõ ñ,sgßh ol=fka
isÿl, wmrdO ;u ks¾udkh ;=,ska bÈßm;a lsÍug
hï ks¾NS;Ndjhla wjYHu fjhs' fuu ks¾NS;Ndjhg
wu;rj Tyq i;= l,d;aul m%;sNdj o ;u m,uq
ks¾udkfhkau m%lg lsÍug udbáfma iu;a fjhs'
Ñ;%mgh wdrïN jkqfha" wix. iurfialr kï jQ
;rek ffjoHjrhl= ^mSg¾ o w,afïod& kj m;aùula ,en
.%dóh frday,lg meñfkk oiqklsks' Tyq l=vdl, ie§
jeã we;af;a tu .uïdkfha nj;a" NSIk iufha rdcH
yuqod úiska ;u mjqf,a ish¨ idudðlhka >d;kh lrk
whqre l=vd orefjl= f,i Tyq isheiska oel we;s nj;a
Ñ;%mgh .,d hoa§ oek .kakg ,efnhs' tu lïmkh
fya;=fjka fuf;l=ÿ Tyq fm,k laI;sh" ;u w;S;h
fidhdhdug Tyq fmd,Ujhs' Ñ;%mgh .,d hkafka
ffjoHjrhdf.a fuu iaurk pdßldj Tiafiah'
fuu pdßldfõ§ Tyqg ;u u;lfha n,.;= f,i
/|S ;sfnk ;eke;a;shla kej; yuqfjhs' weh" hdno
ksjfia mÈxÑj isá ;u mdie,a .=rejßh jQ kkaodj;S
biafldaf, ydñfka ^whsrdx.kS fiarisxy& h' .fï
mdief,a úÿy,am;sjrhdj isá wef.a ieñhdg iy ;rek
yuqod ks,Odßfhl= jk Tjqkf.a tlu mq;%hdg cúfm
;=jlal=lrejka úiska fjä ;nhs' kkaodj;Sf.a mq;%hd
wef.a oE;a u;u wjika yqiau fy,k w;r ieñhd n,.;=
f,i frda.d;=rj ñh hhs' Tyqg m%;sldr lrkqjia ;u
ksji W.ig ;nk kkaodj;S g ksjio wysñ fjhs' úhm;a
kkaodj;S" újdyh wid¾:l jQ ;u tlu Èhkshf.a ore
fofokd /ln,d .ksñka l=vd ksjil Èú f.jkakS h'
ieñhdf.ka fjkaj isák tlaore ujla jk udhd
^pdkaokS fikúr;ak& kï jQ ffjoHjßh wfkla m%Odk
pß;hhs' wix. f.a fmïj;sh jk weh" laI;sfhka
fmf,k Tyqf.aa oefjk wjYH;dj y÷kdf.k th
idlaId;a lr .ekSug yels iEu whqßkau Woõ lrhs'
wix.g wjYH jkafka" mjqf,a ish¨ fokd ;udg wysñ
flrekq ta w÷re rd;s%fha yõyrkla m;d" ;ud uy;a
fia f.!rj l, .=re;=ñh fj; meñks wjia:dfõ weh
msgqmEfõ ukao@ hk m%Yakhg ms,s;=re fidhd .ekSughs'
udhd" kkaodj;S iu. jßkajr lrk ixjdohka yryd th
wkdjrkh lr .ekSug h;ak orhs'
wOHlaIjrhdf.a l,d;aul m%;sNdj
udbáfma ;u lD;sh ;=, isoaëka f.dv k.kafka iy
tajd tlska tl wuqkkafka buy;a l,d;aul m%;sNdjla
m%lg lrñks' Ñ;%mgfha flakaøSh isoaêh jk" wix.
f.a mjqf,a wh l=ßre f,i urd oefuk NSIkfha rd;s%h
bÈßm;a flfrk o¾Ykfhka udbáfma i;= fuu .=kdx.
hka ;shqkq f,i m%ldYhg m;afjhs' tu wkaOldr rd;s%fha
wix.f.a mjqf,a idudðlhka ñ,sgßh bÈßfha wNh
b,a,d k.k ú,dmh oefkkqfha" ñ,sgßfha ieyeislï
j,g f.dÿrejQ oyia ixLHd; ;rekhka iy Tjqkf.a
mjq,aj, idudðlhka tu w÷re hq.fha isg k.k
ú,dmhla fuks'
fjäyX iy ú,dmh flfuka uelS hoa§" Èú.,jd .;a
l=vd orejd >k wkaOldrfhau kkaodj;Sf.a ksji fj;
meñk —biafldaf, ydñfka" biafldaf, ydñfka˜ hkqfjka
k.k yX ;=, Tyqf.a fõokdj" urkìh iy ;u .=re;=ñh
flfrys mj;akd fifkyi iy úYajdih hk ish,a,
udbáfma b;d ishqïj bÈßm;a lrhs'
;udg fuf,i wduka;%kh lrkqfha ;u wdorkSh
YsIHhd nj kkaodj;S y÷kd .kS' ii,jk weh fodr újr
fldg w÷f¾u Tyq fj; meñfkk kuqÿ" orejd le|jd
.ekSfuka we;súh yels m%;súmdl iy ukqIH;ajh w;r
weh isrfjhs' laIkslj wdmiq yeÍ f.;=,g hk weh fodr
jid .kS'
wix.f.a wd;auh ;=, iy kkaodj;S biafldaf,
ydñfkaf.a Ñ;a; ika;dkh ;=, fkdkeiS /|S mj;akd
tu w;aoelSu fm%alaIlhd o lïmkh lrkqfha hq.fha
ìhlrenj iy fkdñksianj n,.;= f,i okjñks'
flfia kuqÿ" jir .kkdjlg miq udhd iu. tu
isoaêh ms,sn|j flfrk idlÉPdjkays§ kkaodj;S
;e;s .kakd wdldrfhka iy idlÉPdjka u.yer
hdug weh ork m%h;akhkaf.ka úYojkqfha" wirkj
/ljrkh m;d meñks ;u wdorkSh YsIHhdg fodr újr
fkdlsÍfuka ;ud n,.;= jrolaa lf,ah hk udkisl
mSvdfjka kkaodj;S ;u Èúh mqrd mSvd ú¢k njhs'
tmukla fkdj" ohdr;ak iy Tyqf.a ñh.sh fidhqre-
fidhqßhka —bf.kSug olaI ,uhs˜ nj mjiñka Tjqka
ms,sn|j kkaodj;S lk.dgqjk wdldrfhka" jHikhg
m;a tu mjq, iïnkaOfhka kkaodj;Sf.a is;ays mj;akd
idkqlïmSh yeÕSu o m%ldYhg m;afjhs' tu.ska ñ,sgßh
úiska urd oeuqkq oyia .kka ;rekhka flfrys we;s lrk
idkqlïmsl yeÕSu tu NSIk iuh ms,sn|j h,s yeÍ
ne,Sulg fm%alaIlhd fmd,Ujhs'
udbáfma tjka n,.;= cjksld fm,lau ks¾udkh
lrhs' udhd" wix. yuq ùu i|yd .%dóh frday,g
meñfkk o¾Ykh ta w;ßka tlls' wix. frdayf,a isg
meñfkk f;la Tyqf.a ks, ksjfia wd,skaofha mqgqjlg
nr jk weh .uka úvdj ksidu kskaog jefghs' frdayf,a
isg meñfkk wix.g kskafoa isák udhdf.a úvdm;a
uqyqk ckkh lrkqfha wkqlïmdj leálr.;a fm%aukSh
wdkkaohls' Tyq weh wi, ok .id wef.a iqr; f.k
iSrefjka ism .ks;au weh kskafoka msìfohs' wix. ;u
ysi udhdf.a Wl=, u; ySkaiSrefõ r|jhs' weh Tyqf.a
ysi ujl fuka msßu§' laI;sfhka fmf,k wix. wef.ka
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jkafka ud;D;ajhla n÷ fifkyila nj o
udhd th Wmßu jYfhka ;Dma; lrk njo fm%alaIlhdg
mila fjhs'
fomilska ls%hd;aul jQ ;%ia;hlg .ïno uyck;dj
f.dÿrejQ nj ixfla;j;a lsÍu i|yd tlsfklg hdno
ksfjia folla f;dard .ekSuo l,d;aul jYfhka m%n,h'
ñka ckkh flfrk l,d;aul úmÍ;Ndjh fya;=fjka
úIh jvd;a n,.;= f,i iam¾Y fjhs'
l,dlrefjl= ;u úIhg olajk wjxlNdjh"
ke;fyd;a ffjIhsl iudchSh i;Hh wkdjrkh lsÍfï
wOHdih iu. Tyqf.a m%;sNdj tlajQ úg tu ks¾udkh
fl;rï m%n, jkafka o hkak by; f.kyer oelajQ
wjia:d n,.;= Wodyrkhkah'
úIhg olajk wjxlNdjfha .s,syS hdula
wjidkfha§ fuu wjxlNdjh udbáfmaf.ka .s,syS hhs'
kkaodj;S hejQ fm;aiula u; ohdr;akf.a mjq, úkdY
jQ nj lshefjk fldñika jd¾;djla ;u lD;shg t,a,k
Tyq" tu reÿre wmrdOhkaf.a j.lSfuka iuia; OfkaYajr
rdcHh uqod yßhs' tmukla fkdj" je,,S .sh i;Hhka
fy,s fmfy,s lrk wdh;khka f,i fuu Bkshd rdcH
fldñika iNdjka W;al¾Yhg kxjd tajdg j,x.=Ndjhla
o ,nd fohs'
ksYaÑ; foaYmd,ksl m%Yak iïnkaOfhka fmdrne§fï
§ úIhg olajk wjxlNdjh udbáfmaf.ka .s,syS hkafka
m%;s.dó foaYmd,k Woaf>daIkhkaf.a iy oDIaájdohkaf.a
n,mEu fya;=fjks'
úfYaIfhkau" fuu wmrdO fya;=fjka tjlg mej;s
tcdm wdkavqjg tfrysj jevqkq n,.;= uyck úfrdaOh
.id lEu i|yd" 1994 ckdêm;sjrkfha § pkaøsld
l=udr;=x. f.k.sh m%;s.dó Woaf>daIkhg udbáfma k;=j
we;snj meyeÈ,sh' tu rdcH wmrdO úu¾Ykh fldg
j.lsjhq;a;kag ksis oXqjï fok njg fuu Woaf>daIkh
;=, § l=udr;=x. Ym: úh' n,hg m;ajQ weh tu wmrdO
úu¾Ykh lsÍfï kdufhka fldñiula m;al, kuqÿq
thska isÿjQfha yuqod ks,OdÍka w;f,diailg iy isú,a
mqoa.,hska lSm fofkl=g j.lSu mjrd" tcdm wdkavqj"
ñ,sgßh we;=¨ rdcH ixia:dms;h fldlaflka .,jd
oeóuhs'
fuu jevlghq;= j,g iu.dój" NSIk iufha isÿ
flrekq wmrdO fndfyduhla mqoa.,sl fldaka;r u; isÿjQ
nj wjOdrkh flfrk ;j;a úIf>dar Woaf>daIkhla
OfkaYajr udOH ixia:dms;h yryd Èh;a úh' fuys wruqk
jQfha o OfkaYajr rdcHh j.lSfuka uqod yeÍuhs' tho
udbáfma g n,md we;s njla fmfkhs'
1988-89 iufha iudc-foaYmd,ksl
miqìu
wkqm%dma;sl wdkavq u.ska wLkavj t,a, l,
m%ydrhka yuqfõ ú/lshdfjka" oßø;djfhka iy Wiia
wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSfï fodrgq jeiS hdfuka mSvdjg
m;aj isá W;=f¾ iy ol=fka ;rekfhda fuu ld,h
jk úg n,.;= f,i /äl,Slrkh fjñka isáhy'
fuu ;rekhkag kdhl;ajh §ug isá lïlre mka;sl
jHdmdr" úfYaIfhkau ,xld iu iudc mlaIh" OfkaYajr
moaO;shg jvjvd;a wkq.;ùu;a iu. ks¾udkh jQ
ßla;h ;=, t,aààB h iy cúfm jeks iq¨ OfkaYajr
jHdmdrhka mek ke.sk' fuu jHdmdrfhda ol=fka § isxy,
iafjda;a;ujdoh o W;=f¾§ fou, cd;sljdoh o ;u
m%Odk;u oDIaájdohka njg m;a lr .;ay'
1987 § ckdêm;s fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Okf.a wdkavqj
hgf;a bkaÿ-,xld .súiqu w;aika flrefka" W;=f¾
;rekhka ueãu i|yd bkaoshdkq —idu idOl˜ yuqodj
fhdod .ekSug iy ol=fka ;rekhka ueãu i|yd fld,U
yuqodj fhdod .ekSughs' cúfm f.k.sh —bkaoshdkq
úfrdaë foaYfm%aó˜ Woaf>daIkh ol=fka ;rekhka ueãu
i|yd jyd veye.;a fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok wdkavqj
oejeka; úf,damkhla uqod yf,ah' cúfm ;u m%;s.dó
Woaf>daIkh" uQ,sl jYfhkau lïlre mka;shg tfrys
*eisiaÜ m%ydrhla uÜgug j¾Okh lf,ah' lïlrejka
ueãu i|yd fuu *eisiaÜ uq.=r fhdod.;a md,l mka;sh
wjidkfha § tys kdhl;ajh o urd oeóh'
l=,h iy wkkH;d foaYmd,kh
ohdr;akf.a mjq, l=,ySk njo kkaodj;Sf.a
mjq, l=,Sk njo Ñ;%mgfhka yeÕfjk ;;= ;=,"
l=f,da;a;ujdoh úiska kkaodj;S Èidkdhl" tjka
fm;aiulg fhduqjQfha hehs hful=g is;sh yel'
ieneúkau tjka w.;Ska fuu NSIkh ;=, isÿ jkakgo
we;' kuq;a tu iqúfYaIhka ;=, mj;akd idudkHh"
tkï .ïno ;rekhkag tfrysj fmdÿfõ f.k.sh rdcH
u¾okh" Ñ;%mgh ;=, m%ldYhg m;a fkdùu fya;=fjka
tys l,d;aul ixhqla;Ndjh ySk ù we;'
fuu jeo.;a lrek iïnkaOfhka ,sfhdka fg%dÜials
;u idys;Hh yd úma,jh kï jQ úYsIag lD;sfha fufia
i|yka lrhs(
b;sydifha mej; tk udkj iudcfha iudc
;;= kï ish,a,g u m,uqj mka;s iïnkaO;dj,
;;=h' l,dj;a we;=,;a oDIaájdofha ish¨
lafIa;%j," úfYaIfhkau l,dj ;=, mka;suh
udk okavla t;rï u M,j;a jkafka tfyhsks'
l,dj fndfydaúg .eUqre;u jQ o w;sYhskau
ieÕù mj;skakd jQ o idudðl wNs,dY m%ldY
lrk fyhsks' ;jo idudðl udkokavla rEmsl"
wdlD;sl úpdrh" tkï ;dlaIksl ksudj" Ys,amSh
O¾uh neyer fkdlrkq mukla fkdj th iu.
w;aje,a ne|f.k .uka lrhs' ieneúkau fuu
udkokav fmdÿ ñkqulska iqúfYaIh o mÍlaId
lrhs' iqúfYaIh idudkHhg fkd is|jqqjfyd;a
ñksiqka w;r iudm¾lhka ke;sjk fyhsks"
Ñka;d o ldjH o ke;sjk fyhsks' ^,sfhdka
fg%dÜials" idys;Hh yd úma,jh" msgqj 109"
iqpß; .ï,;a mßj¾;kh&
udbáfma ;u lD;sh ;=, § iqúfYaIh idudkHhg
fkdis|jk neúkaa jHikfha uQ,h l=,hgu is|S hdfï
iajNdjhla fmkakqï lrhs' fï wkqj iaurk iudma;s"
,sx.sl;ajh" j¾.h" cd;sl;ajh mdol fldg.;a wkkH;d
foaYmd,kh iu. hï ÿrlg wkkH fjhs' fndfydaúg
—m%.;sYS,S˜ iy —jdudxYsl˜ rEmfhkaa bÈßm;a flfrk
fuu wkkH;d foaYmd,kh" 1991 fidaúhÜ ix.ufha
ì|jeàfuka uOHu mka;sl nqoaêu;=ka fj,d.;a
widro¾Ykfhka ysi Tijk ,o" m%;s.dó m%jk;djhlss'
mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ úpdrlhka
Tlaf;dan¾ 10 jk od meje;a jQ iaurk iudma;s
Ñ;%mg o¾Ykhg iy ixjdohg iyNd.sjQjka w;r
fnody, Ñ;%mgh ms,sn| úpdr tl;=fõ fndfyduhla
© www.wsws.org
mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ úpdrhka jk w;r ta ish,af,kau
mdfya udbáfmaf.a f.a ks¾udkh uy;afia w.h fldg
;snqks' tu w.h lsÍï wm mokï jQ udlaiajd§ l,d
úpdr uQ,O¾uhkag idl,Hfhkau tfrys m%;s.dó ufkda
úldrhka u; mokï fjhs' Tjqyq ;u ufkda úldr"
Ñ;%mgfha tk pß; iy isoaëka u; n,y;aldrfhka
mgjhs'
fuys kreu fukau úldrrEmS m%ldYlfhl= jkqfha
Tlaf;dan¾ 10 jk od ixjdofha wfkla m%Odk lÓlhka
fofokdf.ka flfkl= jQ" mYapd;a kQ;kjdÈfhl= f,i
m%lg uydpd¾h c.;a ùrisxy hs'
ùrisxyg wkqj Ñ;%mgfha tk ffjoHjrhd OfkaYajr
rdcHhg —wlSlre˜ jkafkls' ùrisxy fufia lshhs( —Tyq"
NdIduh fukau YdÍßl ix{djka" wx.p,khka u.ska
ia:dms;hg$rdcHhg wlSlre fjkjd' Tyq rdcH ls,sgq
lrkjd' Tyq frda.Ska" {d;S;ajfha NdIdjg f.k tkjd'
kd÷kk wh {d;S;ajfha NdIdjg f.k tkjd' Tyq
f,âvqkag wduka;%kh lrkafka zu,a,SZ lsh,d'˜
ffjoHjrhdf.a fuu —wr.,h˜ W;al¾Yhg kxjk
ùrisxy wjidkfha§ fufia o lshhs( —fujeks wr., ;uhs
uyd ksoyia wr.,j, há;,h f,i l%shd;aul fjkafk'''''
fujeks wmdroDYH wr.,j, wm ksu.ak fkdjk ;dla
l,a wmsg rdcH iuÕ flaj,a lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd.;
fkdyels fõ hehs fï l;dj wmg fhdackd lrkjd hehs
uu is;kjd'˜
Ñ;%mgfhka fhdackd flfrk njla mjiñka ùrisxy
f.k tkqfha Tyqf.a u fhdackdjhs' ùrisxy we;=¨ mYapd;a
kQ;kjd§ka úiska cd;Hka;r mßudkj fuu —wmdroDYH
wr.,˜ iy —laIqø wr.,˜ W;al¾Ihg kexùfï w;suQ,sl
wruqk jkqfha" mka;s wr.,h wjux.; fldg" OfkaYajr
rdcHhg iy iuia;hla f,i f,dal OfkaYajr moaO;shg
tfrys cd;Hka;r lïlre mka;sfha iajdëk foaYmd,k
wr.,hla j¾Okh ùu je,elaùuhs' Tyq fhdackd lrkqfha
OfkaYajr l%uh iy rdcH fmr,d oeófï wr.,hla
fkdj" OfkaYajr —rdcH iuÕ flaj,a lsÍfï yelshdj
,nd.; yels˜" —wmdroDYH˜ wr.,hka h'
fuu m%;s.dó oDIaájdohkaf.aa iy —úpdrhka f.aa˜
fkdu. heùï j,ska jHdl+, fkdù" ;ud i;= l,d;aul
m%;sNdj jvd;a iqixjd§ f,dalhla ks¾udkh lsÍfï
l¾;jHhg fhduqlr .ekSug kï udbáfma we;=¨
l,dlrejka ienE úma,jjd§ jHdmdrhla foig yeÍ
tys bosßo¾Ykd;aul u.fmkaùu ,nd.; hq;=h' tu
l¾;jHh bgq lrkqfha iudcjd§ iudk;d mlaIh" thg
kdhl;ajh fok y;rjk cd;Hka;rfha cd;Hka;r
lñgqj iy tys ks, udOHh jk f,dal iudcjd§ fjí
wvúhhs'