1

Case Summary
As a part of the topics we have learned in our Business Ethic class, Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) is a chosen one that we want to discuss in detail in our group’s case study.
Our case study is about Chevron Indonesia Company (CICo) as the multinational oil and gas
company that we want to observe further regarding to its CSR program that has been
implemented in specifically 2000-2005. The form of CSR we will point out in this company is
the Community Development (CD) program, and the location is in East Kalimantan where one
of the company’s exploration and production fields is operated.

We choose this case study because of these reasons:

 CICo is a well known multinational oil and gas company in the world. Its production
sharing contract with Indonesia’s local oil and gas company has brought some benefits to
Indonesia Government.

 East Kalimantan is one of the Indonesia’s provinces that are rich in natural resources,
such as: oil, natural gas, coal, and woods / forest. This resource contributes to the
Indonesia economic growth and export potential-value.

 The concern about community’s life around the CICo whom might be affected by the
impacts of company’s operational cycle either negatively or positively.

 To figure out what company’s efforts to show its responsibility and awareness to the
community and environment, and also the benefits of this program to population.

Table of Contents
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Case Summary.............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Observation.................................................................................................................................................3
East Kalimantan...........................................................................................................................................3
Landscape....................................................................................................................................................4
Population...................................................................................................................................................4
Physical Attributes Condition.......................................................................................................................4
The Economic Condition..............................................................................................................................5
The CICo Operational area...........................................................................................................................6
Findings.......................................................................................................................................................7
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Chevron........................................................................................7
Community Development (CD)...................................................................................................................7
Discussion....................................................................................................................................................8
The Implementation Method of Community Development.........................................................................8
Four Sectors of Community Development Implemented by CICo ..............................................................9
Economic Revitalization...............................................................................................................................9
Health........................................................................................................................................................13
Education...................................................................................................................................................14
Environment..............................................................................................................................................16
Conclusions and Recommendations..........................................................................................................18
References.................................................................................................................................................19
Appendixes................................................................................................................................................19

Introduction
Chevron Indonesia Company (CICo) is a branch of Chevron Inc. The aim of this
company expanding to developing countries is to control the market and to increase profit, but
this existence causes negative implications. However, Chevron running its business line with a
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socially and ethically responsible. Under Government and Public Affairs Department, Chevron
has a Community Development Team. Chevron’s basic principles, vision, and mission of its
Community Development are to support, assist, and complement the local government to
increase the society’s life quality.

The districts which are direct in touch with the location of Chevron exploration and
production area in East Kalimantan are Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kabupaten Kutai
Kartanegara and Kotamadya Balikpapan.

CSR is the actions of an organization that are targeted toward achieving a social benefit
over and above maximizing profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations [1].
CICo has been conducting various community programs to support the CSR, so called
”Community Development” in order to assist the community around company’s operational area
to be able to live independently and to develop to get better life quality.

Generally, the focuses of Community Development program implemented in CICo are

health, education, community business improvement (small business, agriculture, and
plantation), environment care and protection.

Observation
East Kalimantan
Since reformation era, East Kalimantan province is divided into 12 local administration
districts:

 10 kabupaten/regency and 4 kota/city [2]:

o Kabupaten Paser, Kabupaten Berau, Kabupaten Kutai Barat, Kabupaten Kutai

Kartanegara, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kabupaten Malinau, Kabupaten Bulungan,
Kabupaten Nunukan, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kabupaten Tana Tidung.

o Kota Balikpapan, Kota Samarinda, Kota Tarakan, dan Kota Bontang.

Beside these divisions, East Kalimantan also consists of 97 kecamatan/subdistrict, and

1.276 kelurahan/villages [2]
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Landscape
The province’s landscape consists of lowland, mountains, forest, wide rivers. It also has a
huge potential of natural resources, which some of those have been utilized for industrial,
agriculture, and mining activity. Other resources can also be explored further, such as: mineral
resources (coal, gold, oil, natural gas) and sea resources.

Population
The majority population in East Kalimantan is from Java Island, Sulawesi Island and
other provinces in Kalimantan Island. There was non-balancing distribution in people’s
education, income, and development. The level of unemployed population was also high. The
economic focused on coal, oil and gas, and the forest industry. This leads East Kalimantan to
become an export-oriented industry area and fragile to external pressure.

The population in East Kalimantan contributed 1% of overall Indonesia population, and

generally people in rural area make a living through agricultural sector as farmer, breeder, and
fisherman. Other professions they are involved in are trader or business and labor. However, the
availability of job field in East Kalimantan is still relative low.

Physical Attributes Condition

The physical condition of house was commonly in old structure and made of wood (on its
floor and wall), many of those were in a form of stage house with some distant above the land,
the roof was made by zinc, sirap, or plaited materials of nipah leaves, while the windows made
of glass an wood. Many of the houses were occupied with no beds, the people inside it are
sleeping on the floor. There were not all having its own toilet inside the house, so they should go
out of the house to share the toilet near public well.

To overcoming the health problem, there are Puskesmas, Secondary Puskesmas, midwife,
practical doctor, and indigenous medical practitioner / shaman. By now, in Kabupaten PPU
(Penajam Paser Utara) has not been built any hospital, so the people who needs health
consultation from specialize doctor or any intensive aid must do some effort to go to Balikpapan
city. The vehicle pollution was contributing as well to the society health problem. In several
villages, the ability of people there were still low regarding to keep the source and availability of
water to be uncontaminated, difficulties to control the water sourced by well and river unless it is
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well equipped to protect from the dirty source. The increase of population and not enough
sanitation water have affected the decrease of pure water availability for the society to be
consumed. Those are affecting higher living cost because of the need to allocate some amount of
their money to health recovery and buying pure water.

The level of prosperous family in East Kalimantan is getting better in recent years [See
Picture 3]. The population migration is one of factors due to the alteration of population volume
in this province. In 2002, kecamatan PPU got a chance to upgrade its territory into kabupaten
PPU, therefore there were a lot of new comers from the city and other areas around kabupaten
PPU to fulfill the demand of human resources in development, the experts in construction, local
government employee and other opportunity to build the businesses or trading.

There were only few people who are participating in local economic organization, such
as: cooperation / koperasi. This indicate that there was lack of understanding to the importance
of creating a group to form such cooperation which will help the members developing their
businesses, in addition it was also lack of society access to funding resources. Population in East
Kalimantan is not evenly disseminated, this condition also happened in both education and the
income sector.

The Economic Condition

Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) / regional minimum wage of East Kalimantan province
in 2005 is Rp.690.000,00 / month. This value of UMR has been decreasing because of the
decrease of production, higher operational cost, corps failure, low commodity price, fisherman’s
activity become less frequent. The portion of workers’ income distribution for each district in
East Kalimantan during certain year can be seen on Picture 2. As time goes on, the profession as
fisherman, fish ponder, nipah and charcoal creator are no longer able to be relied on.

The activity related to oil, gas, coal, and woods / forest become very important for the
economic development in East Kalimantan. The Liquid natural gas, refinery, gas mining, oil
mining, coal mining, and woods processing has been contributing the most (more than 50% of
total production, added value, and export value) in East Kalimantan. The economics of East
Kalimantan are concentrated on export-oriented industrial sector: oil, gas, coal, and woods,
because more than 30% of those products are being exported to other countries. This province’s
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economics depend on world prices due to certain products that mean the economics is relatively
susceptible to external changes if the world price goes down. The economic growth in East
Kalimantan has contribution to national economic growth in Indonesia [See Picture 4].

Other alternative potential industrial sectors are construction, land transportation service,
water transportation service. But these sectors are difficult to be developed further.

The level of unemployed population in East Kalimantan is relative high, therefore the
development of several sectors which create the employment will be beneficial, like agricultural
sector that have many kind of works to do [See Picture 1].

The exploitation of natural resources which is not under control has degraded the quality
of environment, especially in the coastal area. The improper openings of embankment also
damage the existing ecosystem. Other affected factors are water pollution, air pollution, and low
productivity in fish farm. The community’s careless has a role as well due to the environment
damage. The efforts expected to overcome this bad condition must be conducted
comprehensively and in responsible ways. It is not just through material compensation, but the
strategy to divert the real issue as well. The population’s lifestyle has been transformed from
mutual-cooperation into individualist and materialist.

The CICo Operational area

The CICo Operational area is divided into two part:

o In North area, covering Attaka Field, Kerindingan, Melahin, Santan, Serang, and
Santan Terminal. The oil productions in these fields were being processed in
Santan Terminal.

o In South area, covering Sepinggan Fields, Yakin, Seguni, Mahoni, Sejadi, Lawe-
Lawe Terminal, and Penajam Supply Base (PSB). The oil productions in these
fields were being processed in Lawe-Lawe Terminal.
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Findings
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Chevron
CICo cooperate with other communities to identify and develop the programs which can
provide continuous economic and social growth for the society. CICo has implemented CSR
concept in running the business and obtained various appreciations in CSR.

Here are some of the appreciations / Penghargaan given to CICo in 2000-2003:

 Penghargaan Kalpataru in 2000

 Penghargaan Manggala Karya Bhakti Husada Arutala (Dengue Fever) in 2003

 Penghargaan Zero Accident in 2003

One of CSR type in CICo that we will elaborate further is Community Development.

Community Development (CD)

The political structure in East Kalimantan has been shifting recently, where the
community being more prioritized than before, then the natural resources management should
not only focus on the industry itself yet on the community as well.

CICo has a team particularly formed to organizing community development to assist the
society to improve their prosperity. This team is under Government and Public Affairs
Department in CICo.

The CD Vision and Mission

CICo vision in community development are supporting programs that positively

contribute for society’s life quality in around operational area. CICo contains people with high
capability and commitment. CICo is a trusted partner and world class well-performed company.
CICo provides energy products that are important to continuity economic growth and human
development around the world.
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Discussion
The process of planning and implementation of community development in CICo
program was involving many parties. Human resources in CICo who are getting involved in
conducting the program are in minor quantity, they used partnership style which emphasized in
coordination between CICo, Government, and Community. This program was focused on health,
education, environment, and the main point was in economic revitalization [see Picture 5].

CICo was not only responsible on negative effects to the society and environment,
moreover it is also being active participate to enhance the prosperity by doing something with
positive impact.

The Implementation Method of Community Development

In this implementation, CICo has a role as facilitator, supporter, fund provider, and
implementator. Each program is related each other and sustainable. The strategy CICo used is
Capacity-Focused Community Development. In order to create the independency and self-
esteem in the community, CICo try to identifying the ability, skill, and asset that community has
(field, motivation, and personnel force, etc), then through the program, CICo will enlarge those
potential.

The process to start up the program was initiated through these phases:

 Input (externally and internally)

 Consultation plan

 Decision making process

 Output

 Socialization

 Outcome

 Evaluation

 Reporting / feed back

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The benefits of community development were expected to be long-lasting in mid and

long term.

Four Sectors of Community Development Implemented by CICo

The program of Community Development consists of Economic Revitalization sector,
Health sector, Education sector, and Environment sector [See Picture 5].

Economic Revitalization
 Issue:

Unutilized waste fish, low chance of jobs and business, minimum local capacity, low
product quality that obstruct the traffic flow of CICo pipe line.

Location: The villages of Sebuntal and Semangko, in Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: November 2004 until November 2005

Program Effort: the development of local Agriculture dan Fishfarm

Objective: to build Workplace, local capacity improvement, provide the job, enhance skill
and product, maintain well run pipeline.

Partnership: CICo and Village Unit Cooperation (Koperasi Unit Desa) of Fajar Damai

Cost: Rp. 179.379.375,00.

 Issue:

The society proposal due to the lack of tasteless-water fish cultivation

Location: Sebuntal Village, Kecamatan Marang Kayu, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: November 2005 until February 2006

Program Effort: the development of Tasteless-Water Fish Cultivation

Objective: to help local Government in developing Fish farm sector. Increase fishpond
production, capacity building, and creating agribusiness actors.

Partnership: Anak Pribumi Mandiri foundation from Sebuntal Village

Cost: Rp. 98.260.000,00.

 Issue:

The method of organization.

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The need of competitive improvement for the leaders in organization.

Location: Semangko and Sebuntal Village, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: August 2004 until February 2005

Program Effort: the capacity-development program of village institution

Objective: improving organization competency, capacity building, the improvement of

society skill in proposal making.

Partnership: Arah Zaman (AZ) foundation Samarinda

Cost: Rp. 97.114.225.000,00

 Issue:

The need to develop the potential plant in local area

Location: Sebuntal Village, Marang Kayu, Kutai Kertanegara

Period: February 2004 until August 2005

Program Effort: Research for Adan rice plant (Local Potential Development)

Objective: to maintain the local potential in long term, to increase agriculture aspects

Partnership: Mulawarman Samarinda University and Agriculture Department of Kutai

Kertanegara at Sebuntal village

Cost: Rp. 49.902.500,00

 Issue: The proposal from the society and the need of access to economic growth

Location: Sebuntal Village, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: September 2005 until April 2006

Program Effort: Agriculture road project of Terusan Village

Objective: Providing Agricultural field and fishpond of 150 Ha of area, to increase

income generation

Partnership: CV Marang Kayu Jaya

Cost: Rp. 1.381.490.750,00

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 Issue: High level of unemployment, high level expectation to work in CICo, and the need
of capacity building of job seeker to find a job, creating new business

Location: Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) area, BLKI-Balikpapan

Period: June 2004 until December 2005

Program Effort: Job and Business Training Program in Penajam area

Objective: To provide job field, to build society’s capacity and quality

Partnership: Resident and Labor Office of PPU, and Shared Forum / Forum Bersama
(Forbes)

 Issue: To complement the program made by local Government in Agribusiness field

Location: PUSDIKLAT Karya Nyata, Bogor

Period: June 2005 until August 2005

Program Effort: Agricultural Integrated Training Program (Agribusiness)

Objective: To give intensive training for the farmers to expand their knowledge about
integrated agricultural in Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara

Partnership: PUSDIKLAT (Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan) of Integrated Agricultural –

Karya Nyata, Bogor

Cost: Rp. 134.500.000,00

 Issue: The need of access to economic growth

Location: Lawe-lawe, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara

Period: April 2005 until September 2005

Program Effort: Agriculture Path Development Program

Objective: To maximize a utilization of unused field and making use of sleep access land
to be opened and developed in further.

Partnership: LPM Lawe-lawe

Cost: Rp. 399.680.000,00

 Issue: Society’s proposal and the need of access to economic growth

Location: Girimukti area

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Period: April 2005 until September 2005

Program Effort: Agriculture Road Development Program

Objective: to open ± 100 Ha plantation land and increase income generation

Partnership: BPD Girimukti Village

Cost: Rp. 665.530.000,00

 Issue: The company’s intention to contribute farmers of dyke / fish ponders to make
increment in their production

Location: Kelurahan Muara Sembilang, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: by the end of June 2005

Program Effort: Production Increment and Fish Ponders Income Growth Program

Objective: To increase agriculture production through fishpond-material aid (fertilizer

and seed)

Partnership: Dyke Agriculture Group “Lestari” with Fish and Sea Department of Samboja

Cost: Rp. 294.000.000,00

 Many other programs:

o Gold Fish Plantation Program at Marangkayu

o Training and Marketing Shimeji Mushroom at Marangkayu and PPU

o Beach Society Development Program at Penajam Paser Utara

o Skill Development and Business Training Program at Balikpapan

o Built Bridge Program at Santan Ilir region, Marangkayu in 2004

o Shrimp Dyke Construction Technical Support at Marangkayu In 2003

o Farmers Development Program in around Santan, Marangkayu

o Gold Fish Breeding Tarining Program at Marangkayu

o Bridge Construction Program for 50 m at Terusan Village

o Fisher Economic Development Program at Manggar, Balikpapan

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o Agriculture Demplot at Saprotan and Cooperation of Agriculture Training

Program at Sebuntal and Semangko Village in 2002

o SALSA and LEISA Agriculture Program at Marangkayu

o Technical and Management Supervision Program for Group of Fisherman and

Society at Panajam, Saloloang, Sesumpu and Kampung Baru

o Planning Training Program for society and village staff in 13 regions of Penajam
Paser Utara

o Plantation Training Program, Production and Marketing of White Mushroom at

Semangko region, Sebuntal and Kersik

o Saloloang-Petung Road Construction Program for 3 Km

o Bridge Construction Program and Public Toilet at Kerok Laut and Kayu Api,
Penajam Paser Utara

o IRAP Training Program, partnership with UGM at Marangkayu

o Women Resource Access Program at Balikpapan and Penajam Paser Utara

Health
 Issue: the need of uncontaminated water

Location: Santan Ilir

Period: Desember 2005 until April 2006

Program Effort: The Installation Construction of Contaminated-free Water

Objective: Built proper construction to fit community requirement level, so the water
distribution will be well organized

Cost: Rp. 191.758.000,00

 Issue: The difficulty to find uncontaminated water in coastal area and bad quality of
daily-used water

Location: Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara (Sungai Parit, Sesumpu, Tanjung Tengah, and
Saloloang)

Period: April 2005 until December 2005

Program Effort: The Procurement of Uncontaminated-Water Resources Program

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Objective: To get uncontaminated-water that suitable for the community, and along with
it can increase the health degree

Cost: Rp. 223.722.000,00

 Issue: as the further reaction to optimizing the usage of previous program

Location: Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara

Period: April 2005 until December 2005

Program Effort: the program of installation construction of uncontaminated water

Objective: To build fit construction to the level of society need, and water distribution
organized properly

Cost: Rp. 1.227.358.000,00

 Issue: the environment condition has a potential to emerge demam berdarah / bloody
fever disease

Location: Semangkok Village, Kecamatan Marang Kayu, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: September 2004 until Maret 2005

Program Effort: The Moat Hoard Program in effort to Improve Village Sanitation

Objective: To avoid demam berdarah / bloody fever disease and to improve village
sanitation

Cost: Rp. 152.600.000,00

 Issue: The pervious building structure condition of Floating Hospital is not suitable for
used

Location: Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Program Effort: Renovation of Floating Hospital Program

Education
 Issue: Based on Proposal and survey, the building of Manunggal Junior High School
needs some renovation

Location: Semangko Village, Kecamatan Marang Kayu, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara

Period: September 2004 until April 2005

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Partnership: Local Community, Manunggal Foundation, Chevron.

Program Effort: The Development of Manunggal Junior High School – Additional

capacity of room

Objective: to improve education quality in village, and after finishing the program, this
school’s status was converted from private become public junior high school of 5

Cost: Rp. 200.025.000,00

 Issue: Lack of local community education skill (formal and informal) with regard to
government plans to develop the agribusiness sector, especially in encouraging the
emergence of local entrepreneurs in agribusiness.

Location: Penajam Paser Utara, Marangkarayu, Balikpapan.

Period: July until August 2005

Partnership: Local Government, PNM (Permodalan Nasional Madani), Chevron.

Program Effort: send 27 farmers to the Centre for Education and Training (Training
Center) “Kerja Nyata”, Cinagara, Bogor to empowerment the local farmers.

Objective: to develop the farming business so as to improve their living standards and
able to absorb new labor environment; to prepare agribusiness sector as a relatively safe
and profitable; to develop leadership, entrepreneurship and self-reliance among farmers
and young farmers.

Cost: -

 Issue: Lack of local community education skill (formal and informal)

Location: Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara

Period: November until December 2005

Partnership: Local Government, Forum Bersama (NGO), Chevron.

Program Effort: conduct the Achievement Motivation Training (AMT) and skills training
in automotive (16 participants), in electronic services (16 participants), in carpentry (16
participants).

Objective: to develop productivity and to improve skill of local community in order to

enhance their living standard.

Cost: Rp.26.405.000,00
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Environment
 Issue: based on proposal from local community.

Location: Sebuntal Village, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara.

Period: December 2005 until June 2006

Partnership: Local Government, Local Community, Anak Pribumi Mandiri Foundation

(NGO), Chevron.

Program Effort: Conduct Fish Pond Friendly Environment Development Program

Objective: to support local government program in fishery sector and environment issue.

Cost: -

 Issue: based on proposal from local community and seashore condition to prevent to
abrasion and erosion.

Location: Kelurahan Penajam

Period: August 2005

Partnership: Local Community, Mangrove Conservation Group (NGO), Chevron.

Program Effort: Mangrove Installment Program

Objective: to expand Mangrove Area; to prevent abrasion and erosion; to support

environment campaign.

Cost: Rp. 118.665.000,00

 Issue: poor manage of waste turn out to be environmental issues (unpleasant smell, a lot
of flies, flooding), in other hand it is potential to be transformed to compos and recycle
goods.

Location: Kelurahan Telagasari and Parapatan, Balikpapan.

Period: July 2005

Partnership: Local Community, Peduli Foundation (NGO), Chevron.

Program Effort: House-Waste Management Program.

Objective: to recycle the waste and to add value of waste (compose and recycle goods);
to create clean and healthy environment.
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Cost: Rp. 38.125.000,00

 Issue: based on proposal from local community and seashore condition to prevent to
abrasion and erosion.

Location: Semangko Village, Kebupaten Kutai Kartanegara

Period: September 2004 until March 2005

Partnership: Local Community, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Peduli Lingkungan

Fondation (NGO), Chevron.

Program Effort: Mangrove Installment Program

Objective: to prevent erosion and abrasion; to encourage the environment awareness

program.

Cost: Rp. 64.837.550,00

 Issue: based on proposal from local community and seashore condition to prevent to
abrasion and erosion.

Location: Kelurahan Saloloang, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara

Period: September 2004 until February 2005

Partnership: Local Community, Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kelurahan

Saloang, Chevron.

Program Effort: Sand Trap Program

Objective: to prevent erosion and improve the environmental awareness.

Cost: Rp. 308.850.000,00

 Issue: Illegal Trafficking of Orangutan

Location: Borneo Island

Period: last 15 years until now

Partnership: The Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation (NGO), Chevron.

Program Effort: prepare the forest protection in order to support the re-acknowledge
Orangutan to their origin habitat program

Objective: to save Orangutan from Illegal Trafficking and bring them to their origin
habitat.
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Cost: -

Conclusions and Recommendations

As a business actor, a Multinational Company is definitely profit-oriented. One of the
efforts to achieve the goal is through the expansion to developed countries. Beside the business
goal, Multinational Company is carrying CSR concept as well to the developed country. One of
CSR type is community development. Community development is a government program, but
Multinational Company takes a role in it as its social responsibility. The process of community
development is a cooperation type to maintain long term sustainable good relationship with
central government, local government, and society that has common goal to achieve.

Indonesia is a developed country that has plentiful of natural resources, such as oil and
gas contained in East Kalimantan. Even though the education and prosperity level in East
Kalimantan is high and getting better, the ability in organization is still low. In addition, the
society’s income in East Kalimantan is not well distributed, even though the income for each
worker is relative higher compared with other province.

In centralized government era, the development in East Kalimantan is not spread evenly,
but since the local autonomy concept was implemented, the development in East Kalimantan is
being conducted under local government.

Chevron is the fifth biggest oil and gas company in the world. Chevron is conducting
exploration, exploitation, and production activity in Indonesia through CICo. While doing those
activities, CICo hold tightly the company values, vision and mission. CICo consciousness about
social responsibility resulting CICo received many appreciations in society program. CICo has
specific team to run community development as its CSR.

Community development program in economic revitalization has stimulated the

economic growth in society around company’s operational area. In Health, CICo has helped to
increase society’s health, especially in north and south operational areas. In education, CICo has
developed the capability in society’s education through formal and informal education / training.
CICo cares about surrounding environment, and the benefit of community development program
in this field has been felt by the society. In each program, CICo implemented partnership with
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stakeholders. Community development needs experience and practices to acknowledge about

human behavior and his/her motivation.

To implement this community development program, the parties who get involved in
should firstly synchronize their perception about the definition of community development,
because the variation of perceptions could cause a bad performance in program implementation.
According to the program implementation analysis, it has shown positive sides from the
existence of multinational company in developed country.

References
[1]. Andrew W. Ghillyer, “Business Ethics A Real World Approach”, 2e, McGraw Hill, 2010

[2]. www.kaltim.go.id/spandang/sejarah.html

[3]. Community Development CICo Archives

Appendixes
Picture 1. Lapangan Pekerjaan di Kalimantan Timur dan Indonesia, 1998

Picture 2. Distribusi Pendapatan Pekerja di Kalimantan Timur, 1995

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Picture 3. Komposisi Tingkat Kesejahteraan Keluarga Kalimantan Timur

Picture 4. Kontribusi Propinsi terhadap Perekonomian Nasional, 1997

Picture 5. Keterkaitan antar Fokus Program Community Development

ECONOMIC
HEALTH ENVIRONMEN EDUCATIO
REVITALIZATION
T N