2019 SALArchThesis - Narcissism - Tejasvi

Commented [TP1]: Enrolment no (143561050054) -
Actual 143561050054
Abstract
The thesis delves into the culture of narcissism which is increasing because of excess use
of social media and culture of taking selfies. We are living in an age where individualism
is focal. Since few years, we are striving to become a successful, beautiful, socially active
and very extroverted individual that is deemed as the perfect individual by the society, due
to which we criticize ourselves when we don’t achieve that standards. In today’s
technological world the use of social media which is increasing and with that culture of
taking a selfie is also increasing. Taking selfies is one of the major reasons for narcissism
in today’s young generation. From this thesis, one will see how it influences humans and
their surroundings. The rise of narcissism, the “selfie” culture and right up to the era of
hyper-individualism in which we live now is explored in this thesis. Selfie tells the epic
tale of the person we all know so closely because it’s us. So, in present days it is very
important to express our self and showcase our talent that’s why this generation has got a
sense of narcissism as one cannot avoid this trait now in culture of a selfie.
This thesis gives an understanding of how narcissism is increasing nowadays and how
narcissism also has an impact on architecture. The thesis reveals a museum has number of
narcissistic characteristics in it. Taking this idea, the study focuses further detailed
understanding in museum architecture. The thesis delves into a series of case studies of
museums from around the world which give an idea of the narcissistic characteristic in
museum architecture. However, the thesis presents primary cases from Ahmedabad only,
so the narcissistic character of the museums in the city is highlighted and made theoretical
framework which can be used to analyse narcissism in any museum building. However,
one can take the theoretical framework from this thesis and develop design strategy out of
it. In addition, if one wants continue a research study, one can take this theoretical
framework and can develop it further to understand the subject.
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Preface & Acknowledgement
This thesis began as a step into the professional world of architecture. It is an early study
in order to make sense of our position as lifelong learners. The massiveness of the subject
was quite hard at first, but there is the scope that allowed me to make explorations of its
many aspects. This thesis includes one recent scenario of selfie culture and its impact on
architecture and in people which gives an understanding of narcissism in architecture and
particularly in the museum. The course of doing this thesis is very inspiring due to many
findings, discussions, and critiques that made thesis possible. This thesis might impossible
without the support, presence, and faith of many persons. This journey gave me lots of
learning, experiences, and memories not just related to architecture but also for life. At the
end of this journey, I would like to take a pause and pay gratification to everybody who
supported me and influenced me to achieve my goals in life.
First and for most I would like to thank my parents for their unconditional love and support,
Dipika Raval and Prashant Raval who kept faith in me and always there to motivate me.
I am extremely thankful for the guidance of Dr. Mansee Bal Bhargava. From the very
beginning of my thesis, she has helped me cross many hurdles that I have had during the
entire process. I thank her to have shared such enriching knowledge which would not have
been possible otherwise. I am also grateful for all the insightful discussions and feedback
she has imparted during the course.
I would also like to give special thanks to the person who taught me from the very beginning
of the journey in the architecture field, Dr. Rupinder Sing who always encourage me to do
new things and explore new ideas. I also like to thanks Ar. Sneha Sing to teach me many
things about life and give me guidance whenever I need it.
I am also thankful to Ar. Shruti Shah and Ar. Sheetal Shah for their time and discussions
for the thesis and give your precious comments.
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I am grateful to my friends who helped me during this period without whom this experience
would not have been the same, Shweta Devnani, Prachi Shah, Vinit Naidu, Khushboo Shah,
Mayur Vala, Devendra Patel, Mehul Solanki, Vimal Sompura, Shivani M Patel, Arham
Jain, Devanshi Patel, Urvish Shah, and all my classmates. Commented [TP2]: Urvish Patel
I am grateful to have such caring and fun-loving friend from outside the field and helped
me, Smith Christian, Anil Patel and to my dearest and oldest friends who always supports
me, believe in me and love me, Honey Gajjar, Panthil Suthar, Krunal Koshti, Afzal Surti
Tejal Ahir, Krupal Gandhi, Ibrahim Kharadi, Sharon Christian, Aayushi Parekh, Kairav
Shah, Harsh Shah.
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Content
Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i
Preface & Acknowledgement ........................................................................................... iii
Content ................................................................................................................................ v
List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................... vii
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Background ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Theoretical Understanding: ....................................................................................... 3
1.3. Methodology (Aim and Objective) ........................................................................... 4
1.4. Scoping and Limitation ............................................................................................. 5
1.5. Rationale for Intervention ......................................................................................... 5
1.6. Structure of Thesis .................................................................................................... 6
2. Research Approach.................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Outline....................................................................................................................... 9
2.2. Strategy ..................................................................................................................... 9
2.3. Literature ................................................................................................................. 11
2.4. Secondary Case Studies .......................................................................................... 14
2.5. Primary Case Studies .............................................................................................. 15
2.6. Schedule .................................................................................................................. 16
3. Narcissism in Architecture ...................................................................................... 17
3.1. Outline..................................................................................................................... 17
3.2. Origin of the concepts ............................................................................................. 17
3.3. Selfie as Social Mirror ............................................................................................ 20
3.4. Narcissism in Architecture ...................................................................................... 25
3.5. Narcissism in Museum ............................................................................................ 44
3.6. Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................... 47
4. Museums around the World ................................................................................... 53
4.1. Outline..................................................................................................................... 53
4.2. Museum of Pop Culture .......................................................................................... 58
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4.3. Ningbo Historic Museum ........................................................................................ 60
4.4. Maxxi Musuem ....................................................................................................... 62
4.5. Military Museum .................................................................................................... 64
4.6. Biomuseo ................................................................................................................ 66
4.7. Centro Botin ............................................................................................................ 68
4.8. Inferences ................................................................................................................ 70
5. Museums from the India ......................................................................................... 75
5.1. Outline..................................................................................................................... 75
5.2. Bharat Bhavan ......................................................................................................... 76
5.3. Virasat-E-Khalsa ..................................................................................................... 78
5.4. Inferences ................................................................................................................ 80
6. Museums from the Ahmedabad ............................................................................. 83
6.1. Outline..................................................................................................................... 83
6.2. Gandhi Ashram ....................................................................................................... 84
6.3. Sanskar Kendra ....................................................................................................... 86
6.4. Hussain Doshi Gufa ................................................................................................ 88
6.5. Inferences ................................................................................................................ 90
6.6. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................... 91
7. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 95
7.1. About the Thesis ..................................................................................................... 95
7.2. Findings................................................................................................................... 95
7.3. Learning .................................................................................................................. 96
7.4. Way forward ........................................................................................................... 97
References ......................................................................................................................... 97
Annexure ......................................................................................................................... 103
About the Author ........................................................................................................... 107
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Commented [TP3]: List of Figures, Tables, Boxes and
List of Figures and Tables Annexure
Figures Commented [TP4]: List of Figures – 14pt
Figure 1-1 Research triangle ................................................................................................ 4

Figure 1-2 Structure of the Thesis ....................................................................................... 7
Figure 2-1 strategy for thesis ............................................................................................... 9
Figure 2-2 Methodology .................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-3 literature study overview .................................................................................. 12
Figure 3-1 Narcissism in present age ................................................................................. 17
Figure 3-2 Selfie as Social Mirror ..................................................................................... 20
Figure 3-3 Different stages of theory ................................................................................. 21
Figure 3-4 People taking selfie when they feel attractive .................................................. 23
Figure 3-5 Background come in picture for selfie culture ................................................. 24
Figure 3-6 Renaissance Art and Architecture .................................................................... 26
Figure 3-7 Medici Riccardi Palace, Florance .................................................................... 27
Figure 3-8 Madonna with the Long Neck .......................................................................... 27
Figure 3-9 Baroque Art and Architecture .......................................................................... 28
Figure 3-10 San carlo alle quattro fontane, Borromini, Rome .......................................... 28
Figure 3-11 Rococo Art and Architecture ......................................................................... 29
Figure 3-12 Casa Batlló, Barcelona, Antoni Gaudi ........................................................... 30
Figure 3-13 Art Nouveau Art and Architecture ................................................................. 30
Figure 3-14 Paris Opera by Charles Garnier...................................................................... 31
Figure 3-15 The scream by Edvard Munch ....................................................................... 31
Figure 3-16 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright .......................... 32
Figure 3-17 Venturi House by Robert Venturi .................................................................. 33
Figure 3-18 Contemporary Buildings ................................................................................ 33
Figure 3-19 Sketches of Masters........................................................................................ 34
Figure 3-20 University of Technology Sydney in Sydney ................................................ 35
Figure 3-21 impact of selfie culture in architecture ........................................................... 36
Figure 3-22 Central St. Giles Court ................................................................................... 38
Figure 3-23 High School Jean Lurçat ................................................................................ 39
Figure 3-24 Cement Factory .............................................................................................. 39
Figure 3-25 Heydar Aliyev Centre .................................................................................... 40
Figure 3-26 Guggenheim museum in Bilbao ..................................................................... 42
Figure 3-27 St. Mary Cathedral ......................................................................................... 42
Figure 3-28 VM house in Copenhagen .............................................................................. 43
Figure 3-29 Liège-Guillemins railway station ................................................................... 43
Figure 3-30 Museum of selfie ............................................................................................ 45
Figure 3-31 29 room exhibitions........................................................................................ 46
Figure 3-32 Diagram for how indicators are derived......................................................... 48
Figure 4-1 Location of Museums around the World ......................................................... 53
Figure 4-2 Museum from the World .................................................................................. 72
Figure 5-1 Location of Museums from the India ............................................................... 75
Figure 5-2 Bharat Bhavan .................................................................................................. 76
Figure 5-3 Virast-E-Khalsa ................................................................................................ 78
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Figure 6-1 Location of Museums from the Ahmedabad .................................................... 83
Figure 6-2 Gandhi Ashram ................................................................................................ 84
Figure 6-3 Sanskar Kendra ................................................................................................ 86
Figure 6-4 Hussain Doshi Gufa ......................................................................................... 88
Table Commented [TP5]: List of Tables – 14pt
Table 2-1 Tentative Schedule of the Thesis ....................................................................... 16

Table 3-1 Conceptual Framework for Study of Narcissistic Architecture of Museum ..... 49
Table 4-1 Analysis of Museum of Pop Culture ................................................................. 58
Table 4-2 Analysis of Ningbo Historic Museum ............................................................... 60
Table 4-3 Analysis of Maxxi Museum .............................................................................. 62
Table 4-4 Analysis of Military Museum ............................................................................ 64
Table 4-5 Analysis of Biomuseo........................................................................................ 66
Table 4-6 Analysis of Centro Botin ................................................................................... 68
Table 4-7 Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies form the World....................................... 70
Table 4-8 Rating of Museum from the World ................................................................... 73
Table 5-1 Analysis of Bharat Bhavan ................................................................................ 76
Table 5-2 Analysis of Virast-E-Khalsa .............................................................................. 78
Table 5-3 Qualitative Analysis of Case studies form the India ......................................... 80
Table 5-4 Rating of Museum from the India ..................................................................... 81
Table 6-1 Analysis of Gandhi Ashram .............................................................................. 84
Table 6-2 Analysis of Sanskar Kendra .............................................................................. 86
Table 6-3 Analysis of Hussain Doshi Gufa ....................................................................... 88
Table 6-4 Qualitative Analysis of Case studies form the Ahmedabad .............................. 90
Table 6-5 Rating of Museum from the Ahmedabad .......................................................... 91
Table 7-1 Theoretical Framework for Study of Narcissistic Architecture of Museum ..... 92
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Narcissism in Museum Architecture
1. Introduction
1.1. Background Commented [TP8]: Subheading (Heading 2) – Bold &

Actual 1.1 & In your case 1.1. (Common Mistake for all
This thesis is about the effect of social media on humans and their surroundings. In this chapters)
modern age, we all rely on technology and social media, and this thesis reveals the scenario
of the increasing use of social media and their effects. One of the major effects of social
media is a culture of taking selfies. So, this increasing use of selfie culture gives rise to
narcissistic personality in humans. It is important to understand questions like: is selfie
culture increasing narcissism in people or narcissistic people tend to take more selfies? And
what is the influence of all this on people’s lives and surrounding? To represent them in
today’s world, people recreate their self-image by taking a selfie which create a new
personality of the same person for the outer world. In this process of taking selfies, people
also take care of their surroundings and backdrop of their selfie which may have any
structure or wall or building façade. So, this phenomenon is affecting architecture design
also, that’s why this thesis is conducted to understand the whole scenario and to learn what
is going on in the present architecture style.
If we see historical background then from the renaissance to baroque and from modern to
today’s contemporary architectural style, we can see the way in which the approach towards
aesthetical part of architecture has transitioned. Meaning somewhere in the old days, there
was a narcissistic approach towards architecture style. Narcissism word comes from a
historical Greek myth. According to the myth a character in the story falls in love with his
own reflection which is very fitting as people in present day take selfies to enhance
themselves fall in love with their own image. Before selfie, there were mirrors in the old
time. In the 18th century, the palace of Versailles has a hall of mirrors. This was a way to
show the king’s power and wealth and now mirrors are so common that we don’t even
understand how they may change the psychology.
Nowadays with the smartphone, one can not only stare themselves but also share the best
version of them with the world. Debates are going on nowadays that people are more
focused on representing themselves in public. In some case even it is required to have that
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kind of attitude towards self. To showcase themselves, people are also conscious about
their backdrop and the kind of architecture coming in the picture. So, this thesis gives an
understanding of how people approach architecture style for the purpose of their good selfie
and also to understand the characteristics of narcissistic architecture.
This thesis is conducted through three methods which are literature review, secondary case
studies, and primary case study. To understand this whole concept of narcissism, first, the
literature study which is based on a theory of Freud “on narcissism” is done to understand
selfie culture. This thesis studies Lacan’s “the mirror stage” as a base theory for the
literature study. Lacan’s theory of “the mirror stage” will be compared with today’s selfie
stage to understand the relationship between human psychology and increasing trait of
narcissistic personality in human. First part is to understand how “self” works in this selfie
culture, then to understand how that culture and narcissism are correlated with each other
and with that narcissistic approach, how the background comes in the picture and
surroundings become more important. The backdrop for a selfie is mostly buildings which
look nicer in exterior and has a unique feature in it. This thesis also studies how selfie
culture impacts architecture and particularly architecture of museums. As we are focusing
on museum, we will do case studies on museums to understand the characteristic of
narcissism in museum architecture. In the primary case study, I will take an example of
museum from Ahmedabad to study the characteristics of narcissism in the building.
Here we learn how a small change in human life can have an impact on the overall
surrounding of human and if selfie culture has impact on people’s life and architecture.
Also, is this impact being good or not? and to understand that having a narcissistic approach
to architecture is necessary if yes then when is it actually necessary? This whole thesis is
about the current scenario of selfie culture and narcissistic personality. So, the learning is
that in today’s world is it necessary to have an egoistic approach to architecture. In this
thesis narcissism is studied through museums.
The structure of this chapter has basic things to understand more about topic of this thesis
which includes background which is this chapter and theoretical understanding,
methodology, aim, objective, scope, limitation, rationale for intervention and structure of
the thesis to understand that in the end what one will understand about narcissistic
architecture And learning from this thesis.
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1.2. Theoretical Understanding: Commented [TP9]: : will not come.
In this thesis first thing to understand is the concept of narcissism and culture of selfie
which is elaborated in chapter three. So, to understand the phenomena of narcissism and
selfie culture there will be a history of both the subject in detail and how both the
phenomena connected to each other and what is my understanding of this phenomena will
be discussed in the literature chapter.
Also, to giving more depth to the subject there is also a historical timeline. This timeline
shows at which point of time architecture started focusing more on the aesthetical part of a
building and the way in which architecture evolved. Also, the timeline explores the point
at which people started to concern themselves with individuality. In history, there is an
understanding of how gradually things were focused on self and their surroundings.
Culture of selfies is a current topic which is discussed globally. So, in the current scenario,
people are talking about this selfie culture and its impact on their life and I connect this
impact with architecture by understanding how architecture style has been developing.
Because of selfie culture, people are more self-centric and to make their self as perfect as
possible and it is the same with building design which also need its identity in the city, so
buildings also become more vibrant and brutal in look which makes building a narcissistic.
In connection to the architecture, we can see that people are focused more on the
presentation and aesthetical part of any structure or building. As we are focused on museum
architecture, we can also see that the way in which objects have been exhibited in museums
people also exhibit themselves similarly in the outer world. Today’s generation is relying
on social media, so to understand the impact of social media is very important in the present
day. This culture of selfie not just impacts people’s lifestyle but also their surroundings. so,
to understand narcissistic personality is very important. As for doing this thesis, I am
personally inclined to study this subject. Also, this is a new and very current topic which
people should know about as it has never been discussed before. To make this thesis more
into learning process an aim and some objectives are set which will be discussed further.
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1.3. Methodology (Aim and Objective) Commented [TP10]: Subheading (Format Problem)
This thesis is a curiosity driven study to understand the very current scenario of selfie
culture. To make this study more beneficial an aim is set up and to achieve that aim there
are objectives which are mentioned below.
Aim of this thesis is to understand the human psychology of narcissism in the scenario of
today’s selfie culture and its effects on surroundings and people.
The objectives of the thesis are,
i. To see how the selfie culture is increasing narcissism in humans.
ii. To see if increasing narcissism influences architecture.
iii. To understand narcissism in museum architecture.
Key concept or keywords of the subject application in the research: (refer Figure no.1-1).
Social media, selfie culture, narcissistic personality, narcissism, narcissistic architecture,
narcissistic museum architecture.
Figure 1-1 Research triangle Commented [TP11]: Actual - Figure 1.1 In your case
Figure 1-1
To achieve these objectives the following methods are applied;

i. Literature review
ii. Secondary case study
iii. Primary case study
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1.4. Scoping and Limitation Commented [TP12]: Subheading (Format Problem)
Theoretical scope: in this thesis, the main focus is on the current scenario and current
debates which are going on today. The base study of literature review is Lacan’s theory of
“the mirror stage” and Freud’s theory “on narcissism”. These both are the major literary
tools used to understand narcissism and other theories and concepts are from online
scholars who are cited at the end of the thesis. There are a number of ways in which
narcissism can be seen but the thesis represents it by focusing on museum architecture.
Also, the primary case study has only one museum from Ahmedabad.
Methodological scope: In understanding narcissism in museum the thesis concentrates on

museums from out of India as there is a lack of such museums in the country. The primary
case study which focuses on a museum situated in Ahmedabad might turn not turn out
narcissistic.
There can be an array of studies regarding this subject but considering the time limitation,
every aspect is not been covered in this thesis. Narcissism can be seen in various forms of
buildings in architecture, but this thesis only covers the museum. This thesis covers only
the Museums of Ahmedabad, which showcases specific characteristics but it may vary from
one location to another depending on its identity.
1.5. Rationale for Intervention Commented [TP13]: Subheading (Format Problem)
The major reason for this thesis is due to my personal fascination towards selfies and during
the course of this thesis, I also realised the way in which small things is affects human
psychology and surroundings as well. So, to understand the scenario of today’s
technological world which is relies on social media and because of social media there is an
increase in the culture of taking selfies. It also leads to people becoming more obsessed and
more focussed on individuality and aspects surrounding individuality.
As this whole scenario is about social media and selfie culture it is a contribution to society
to increase awareness that when, where and what is more important at certain time, place
and person. In today’s world one thing has become very important, which is how one
represents one’s self to the world. So, one has to think that what is actually important in
individual life.
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In this contemporary architecture style, everyone focuses on the aesthetical part of the
building to their building design unique. Today exterior is only required to give identity to
the building. This thesis gives an understanding of the characterises which makes a building
narcissistic.
1.6. Structure of Thesis Commented [TP14]: Subheading (Format Problem)
This thesis comprises of seven chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. The
first chapter is an introduction that explains the background of the thesis. Also, the
introduction consists of subtopics like theoretical understanding, methodology, aim,
objective, scoping and limitation, the rationale for intervention and the structure of the
thesis. The second chapter is methodology, which explains the three methods used to
conduct this study which are literature study, secondary case studies, and primary case
studies.
The third chapter is the literature review which includes an outline of literature study, and
its subtopics are, the origin of the concepts, selfie as a social mirror, narcissism in
architecture, narcissism in the museum and conceptual understanding. The overall
theoretical part of the thesis is to understand the subject and form the indicator to examine
narcissism in museum architecture.
In the thesis fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are case studies. The fourth chapter has case
studies of museum from around the world. This chapter also includes an outline for the
chapter and the subtopics contain six case studies which are Museum of Music, Ningbo
Historic Museum, Maxi Museum, Military Museum, Biomuseo, Centro Botin. The last
subtopic consists of inferences which give an idea that which indicator is more significant
than other. The fifth chapter has cases of museuma from India. This chapter also includes
an outline and its subtopics contain two case studies which are Bharat Bhavan, Virast-E-
Khalsa and last subtopic is the inference similar to the fourth chapter. The sixth chapter has
museum from Ahmedabad which also includes an outline and its subtopics contain three
case studies which are Gandhi Aashram, Sanskar Kendra, Hussain Doshi Gufa and the last
subtopic is similar to that of the previous chapters, which give final finding of indicator to
examine any narcissistic museum.
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The seventh chapter provides conclusion. This chapter includes findings of the thesis,
learning from the thesis and way forward. To understand the overall thesis structure here is
a diagram which explains the whole structure of the thesis (refer Figure no.1-2).
Figure 1-2 Structure of the Thesis
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2. Research Approach
2.1. Outline Commented [TP15]: Subheading (Format Problem)
In this chapter will see how whole thesis was conducted and what is the process of
understanding the topic of narcissism in museum architecture and their theories. This thesis
is conducted during the time period of 4 months. It is conducted by, literature review of the
currant topics and timeline of history and various case studies of museum and the series of
site visit for primary case studies. This chapter includes strategy, literature, secondary case
studies, primary case studies. In this chapter we also see how thesis was strategies and how
we achieve our objective of this thesis. This chapter also conducted the tentative schedule
of the thesis that when and what things had programmed.
2.2. Strategy Commented [TP16]: Subheading (Format Problem)
The major aim of this thesis is to see how this culture of selfie has their influence on
architecture style. and how architecture has their narcissistic attitude towards the city and
people around it. Also, to see form where it started, how it started and what is current
scenario of it. So, to understand this there is literature study which is next chapter.
As thesis is only focusing on museum
architecture, there will be secondary
case studies in which there are cases
Around the world to understand
narcissistic approach in other country
and also have museums from India to
understand Indian approach. After that
there are primary case studies which has
cases from Ahmedabad to understand
narcissistic characterises in the region
(refer Figure no.2-1). Commented [TP17]: Actual (refer figure 2.1) or (refer fig.
2.1)
Figure 2-1 strategy for thesis
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To achieve an aim and objectives of the thesis there are some strategies to conduct the
thesis. First objective is to understand effect of selfie culture on people which is understand
by research study of selfie culture and its effects on psychology of human life. There is
theory by Lacan “The Mirror Stage” to understands today’s selfie stage. After
understanding of selfie culture there is another objective which is to see how selfie culture
increasing narcissism in human which achieve through many article studies. After
understanding selfie culture and narcissism the main objective to understand is to see that
increasing narcissism is affected on architecture building which understand through
timeline of history and analysis of all type of currant building. The last and final objective
which derive from literature study that museum has more narcissistic characteristics in its
design so to understand narcissism in museum architecture which understand by case
studies. Process of the whole this is conducted like discus above (refer Figure no.2-2).
Figure 2-2 Methodology
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From literature review you will understand what kind of paper I have been studied and how
I made whole theoretical part for the thesis. In secondary case studies you will understand
that how I collected the data and how I analysed that data? In primary case study you will
understand that how I visited the museum and from their how I collated the data and how I
analysed it? This thesis is done by a series of strategies. To understand the literature, by
theory of Lacan and Freud. There is also study on history, currant scenario and all types of
building to understand narcissism in architecture. Considering to focuses on museum
architecture, there are some case studies to understand narcissism. This thesis is done using
Three methods which are listed below.
i. Literature
ii. Secondary case studies
iii. Primary case studies
2.3. Literature Commented [TP18]: Subheading (Format Problem)
Literature study is a method of including practical findings, as well as theoretical and

methodological contributions regarding the subject. These are secondary sources of the
subject. The literature study of the following subject will discuss in the chapter three of this
thesis. So here things will explain that how the process of the literature study gone through
to understand whole connection of these three phenomena which are selfie culture,
narcissism and architecture and in architecture particularly about museum architecture.
From literature study there is understanding of theoretical part of the subject (refer Figure
no.2-3). There is my curiosity to know about selfie culture and its effects in architecture.
So, from selfie the term come up is self-obsession and from that word there comes the story
of Greek mythology of narcissus. Considering that story of narcissus term which attract me
is narcissism. This phenomenon of narcissism is understood by theory of Freud “on
narcissism” which gives understanding of this term of narcissism. After that to give more
understanding to the thesis and selfie culture there is literature of Lacan, which is “the
mirror stage” which can relate to the today’s scenario of selfie stage to make more
understanding about psychology of human behaviour. There were also online articles which
was reviewed to know the currant debates on this topic which are mention in literature
review. There were also reviewed scholarly paper for more understanding which explain
narcissism and selfie culture. The article on Frank Gehry which explain narcissistic
approach toward architecture is also discuss in literature study.
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Figure 2-3 literature study overview
This thesis’s literature study is in five part to give clear understanding of the concepts and
to make conceptual framework for further analysis. The literature study divides into five
part which are origin of the concepts of selfie culture and narcissism, selfie as social mirror,
narcissism in architecture, narcissism in museum architecture and conceptual framework.
Before this division there were many research works was done. There was history refer for
term narcissism that from where this word come up in use. Greek mythology was referred
then how many people has done research about this term before it come to regular use.
Selfie culture also has its history which also referred from online article and international
thesis. After basic information of both concepts for more understanding there is comparison
between Lacan theory of mirror stage and today’s selfie stage which give clear idea of
psychological behaviour of human. There are many articles which were referred during the
time of thesis and some of the article which are very important to discuss are Lacan ant art
of the selfie, self-design and narcissism, selfie or virtual mirror etc.
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Second part of literature has discussed above all topics which further have three part for
more clear idea, Lacan theory of mirror stage, social media-selfie culture-society and selfie
culture and narcissism. From understanding of selfie culture with human psychology
behaviour then next part is for how social media and society using this selfie culture.
Society increasingly using selfie so from how things started in first place and why they are
using it regular basses which is discuss in that part of the study. In last selfie and narcissism
that how both terminologies are interrelated with each other and how this selfie culture
takes one self near to the narcissism which is referred and discuss in that part of the study.
Considering that both terms were understood well then there was time to understand
narcissism in architecture. History has always some impact of the things which are
significant in present life so to understand overall scenario, timeline of history was referred
in literature study. Considering to referred TimeLine, ancient age referred first after step
bye step every history age were referred then there was an understanding developed that
from Renaissance individualism started. Renaissance was age in history when building
ornamentation started developing and further in all age something and other thing were
reflecting as characteristics of narcissism in it. After studied history there was time to study
what is going on in currant architecture style for that there many online articles which were
referred one of that is Hollywood narcissism in Gehry’s Ultimo which gives understanding
of narcissism in architecture. Architecture has many building types to refer as one example
for narcissistic architecture so for clear understanding about which type of building has
more characteristic of narcissism. There were all kind of building were study around the
world and analysis there characteristic. After that the understanding were developed that
museum has more narcissistic characteristic in its design so further study was focued on
museum architecture as one of the examples of narcissistic building.
Literature study’s last part is about narcissism in museum architecture which gives more
understanding of particular type of building. Article from the online were referred one of
the articles which very useful for the thesis was museum of selfie, there are other many
articles which was referred. After understanding of currant scenario of the museum
architecture there was my understanding of the whole literature study which was done.
Conceptual framework made with my understanding of the overall literature and from that
there were indicators which were found from the understanding of the all subject.
13
2.4. Secondary Case Studies Commented [TP19]: Subheading (Format Problem)
Secondary case study is a research method involving an up-close and detailed examination
of a project as well as its related contextual conditions. This thesis includes six case studies
around the world which are Museum of Music, Ningbo Historic Museum, Maxi Museum,
Military Museum, Biomuseo, Centro Botin and two case studies from India which are
Bharat Bhavan, Virast-E-Khalsa.
Secondary case study is way to understand scenario around the world which can studied
from online of textual sources so to understand these cases first thing was done is to collect
all the information and photographs of the museum from online and from books. After that
there were refinement of the information was done that what kind of information is needed
particularly. There were also analyse by time period of every museum so the sequence of
the cases was determined as per their time period of the museum to also understand the
timeline of the museum.
Literature study has conceptual framework in the and which is applied in case studies to
analyse museum’s narcissistic characteristics. So, in every case study there is one table
which was made to analyse the cases so every case study has same table which give idea
which indicator is more significant in particular museum. After all case studies around the
world were analyse in sequence of the time there is qualitative analysis was done to make
very clear and efficient understanding of narcissistic characteristics in museum. Qualitative
analysis also gives idea that which indicator is not significant in any of the museum which
are eliminated for further case studies. In last there is inference of comparison rating of the
museums, that which museum is more narcissistic compare to the other museum to get idea
that which museum has significant number of narcissistic characteristics in it.
Museum form India also has same process like museums around the world has but in
analysis of Indian museums there some difference in indicators. Qualitative analysis of
world museums gets eliminated some of the indicator that why remaining indicators were
analysing further in museum form the India. Both museums have table of analysis same as
world museum has the same qualitative analysis were done from that also some indicators
were eliminated which were not significant in all museums for further study. In last there
were again comparison rating to give more understanding of the narcissistic characteristics.
14
2.5. Primary Case Studies Commented [TP20]: Subheading (Format Problem)
Primary case study is a research method involving more up-close with detailed examination
and site visit of a project as well as its related contextual conditions can examine in more
details. This thesis includes three case studies form the Ahmedabad which are Gandhi
Aashram, Sanskar Kendra, Hussain Doshi Gufa.
These three case studies are selected because all the cases are very known in Ahmedabad
and all project designed by famous architects. Primary case study is way to understand
thing more clearly with live experience of building and its surrounding. primary case study
has advantage to visit the building for more understanding so first thing was done is to visit
museums and take photograph of the museum and made sketch to get the idea of form and
proportions. After visit all the museums there is information which need to collect.
Information were collected from online source, book and from the other thesis. After
getting all information again was time to refine the information which needed. All the cases
have to analysis same as secondary case studies from world and India.
Primary case study has same process like other case studies that first there is analysis of
each indicators which were refine after study of Indian museums, in each case from
Ahmedabad cases. Qualitative analysis of museums from the India gives last refine
indicators of primary case studies so table for the analysis for Ahmedabad museums was
made for it. Analysis of that museum also was done by series of sketch which made by me
for clear understanding of the primary museum. After analysis there is qualitative analysis
of this primary museum for more understanding of the narcissistic characteristics. Primary
case study also has same comparison rating to understand that which museum has more
significant characteristic of narcissism in their design.
Qualitative analysis of primary case studies give idea of which are the most significant
indicator which is continue in all the case studies from beginning and which the indicators
which is not in any of the case studies. So, in the end there were the final indicators which
are prominent in every case study. The indicators which are refined after primary case
studies become final theoretical framework. The final theoretical framework is explaining
in conclusion of this thesis.
15
2.6. Schedule
There is tentative schedule to carry out this thesis that when and how this thesis is organised
for four month of time period (refer Table no.2-1). Thesis need organized timetable for
completion of thesis on decided time limit so to have schedule for thesis to manage the time
is must in this process
Table 2-1 Tentative Schedule of the Thesis

Weeks► 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Activity ▼
Conceptualization
Proposal writing
Finetune proposal
Developing
methodology
Reading other
literature
Introduction
Report writing
Refinement of
literature study
Conceptual
framework
Secondary case
study
Fieldwork
Primary case study
Analysis
Theoretical
framework
Conclusion
Editing Commented [TP21]: It should be compact. Activity title

in single row
16
3. Narcissism in Architecture
3.1. Outline
This chapter is the literature review which includes origin of the concepts which are selfie
and narcissism then selfie as social mirror in which Lacan theory, society and connection
of selfie culture and narcissism are included then narcissism in architecture which has
timeline, current scenario and all type of building and in the and there is narcissism in the
museum which is currant scenario of museum architecture. In last there is conceptual
understanding which show characteristics of narcissism in the museum.
3.2. Origin of the concepts

To understand the subject of the thesis first one has to understand from where these terms
come in to the use. In further will explain that from where the term selfie come in to the
use and as well as from where narcissism term come in to the use (refer Figure no. 3-1)
Figure 3-1 Narcissism in present age

Source: https://www.intellectualtakeout.org/blog/were-all-narcissus-now
17
3.2.1. Origin of the term Selfie Commented [TP22]: Spelling Mistake
Selfie is referred as, “a self-portrait snap of oneself (or with other people), captured with a
camera or a camera phone held at arm’s distance or pointed at a mirror, that is normally
shared through social media sites.” From where psychological lookout, the taking of selfies
is a self-attentive action that permits to the users to establish their personality and self-
importance; it is also connected with personality traits such as narcissism (Mark D.
Griffiths, 2018). In November 2013, the word ‘selfie’ become the Oxford English
Dictionary’s much used by public and become ‘Word of the Year‘.
Differing to popular belief, capturing a picture of self has been a human fascination over
centuries. Artists were the first to explore this desire. Van Gogh created over 30 self-
portraits, Rembrandt created over 100 and Kahlo painted a solid 55. Studying the history
of selfies can help us see how they are evolving; and how primarily they will shift
communications in the future (Annabel Acton, 2017).
The selfies of nowadays are not the same as the first try outs with self-portraiture at the
beginning of photography. The first selfie (stated to as a self-portrait at the period) has been
credited to Robert Cornelius in 1839. Cornelius, credited as one of the American pioneers
of photography produced a daguerreotype of himself. There have been many new creations
and enhancements to photography that increased its explosion into typical society. The
convenience of self-timers in the late 1880s allowed for an ease for producing self-portraits,
since it gave five to ten seconds for the subject to position themselves in the shot. The
launch of the portable Kodak Brownie Box camera in 1900 led to self-portraiture becoming
a widespread technique. The release of the Sony Ericsson mobile phone in 2003 introduced
the front-facing camera, which allowed for the easiest selfie-taking to date. In 2015,
the Selfie Stick was invented, which allows for more of the background and additional
people to be included in the composition (Emma Backer, 2017).
There may be even categories to identified relation between taking selfie and narcissism
trait. For example, there may be selfies designed to show off a new haircut or outfit, selfies
with a goofy or funny expression, selfies that show the individual at an interesting location,
and just plain old solo selfies. Perhaps narcissists are more likely to post selfies in some of
these categories (Gwendolyn Seidman, 2015).
18
3.2.2. Origin of the term Narcissism

The term ‘narcissism’ came from the Roman poet Ovid’s Metamorphoses (book3) within
the first-century tale of Narcissus and Echo. In Ovid’s myth, Narcissus is a good-looking
young age man who rejected many fans, also the Echo, named this way due to the truth she
modified into cursed to only echo the sounds that others made. After Narcissus rejects
Echo, the gods punish him by means of manner of creating him fall in love with his personal
reflected photograph in a pool. locating that the item of his love cannot love him once more,
he be in that pain and dies.
The primary psychologist who used the time period “Narcissus-like” clinically have
become Havelock Ellis (1898), who linked Ovid’s myth to the situation of “auto-eroticism”
(i.e. self as very personal sexual object) in taken into consideration one of his patients.
Freud (1905-53) similarly first used the terms “ego-libido” (self-love) and “narcissistic
libido” interchangeably in his 3 Essays on the principle of Sexuality. a few years later the
idea of narcissism started to encompass certain 2 developments extra familiar to personality
and social psychologists these days. As per the data Ernest Jones (1913-51) became the
primary to construe narcissism as a person trait.
Freud (1914-91) published his essay On Narcissism: An introduction. To him narcissism

have become a normal maturational segment of healthy improvement in all kids, a
“complement to the egoism of the intuition for self-renovation”. Freud theorized that in
advance than youngsters are capable of make reserves their “libidinal” energy in specific
human beings. Healthy development “is composed in a departure from primary narcissism”
even as human beings invest their libidinal power into some other individual in preference
to themselves. Freud believed in an economic model of affection wherein each of us has
confined libidinal strength that would closest invest in a single vicinity at a time. Even as
human’s improvement from primary narcissism to item love, their private feelings of self-
regard are decreased. A healthy relationship is reciprocal, with each human investing their
libidinal power into every one of a kind, and neither experiencing a loss as an end result.
however, even as individuals’ love objects are not able or unwilling to return the love, they
3 reverts to a bad nation of narcissism, called secondary narcissism, in order to like and
gratify themselves as a compensatory mechanism (SH Konrath, 2007).
19
3.3. Selfie as Social Mirror

The selfie, that give the impression of today’s young age group, is often augmented by
older age group that today’s young generation are self-obsessed and narcissistic or it may
possible that in present world selfie is way of communicate or make self-identity in front
of the world. From the chapter one will understand the present scenario of selfie culture
and increasing narcissism (refer Figure no.3-2). Commented [TP23]: Format problem (refer figure 3.2)
Figure 3-2 Selfie as Social Mirror
3.3.1. Lacan Theory of Mirror Stage

Lacan states that the mirror stage is one that exists in a person’s life up until the age of 18
months, which might be change in the modern era. While one must have to agree that
language surely becomes a major force of communication in advanced stages of human
life, and one also can find that the image carries quite a lot of weight today in the time of
selfie culture (refer Figure no. 3-3). The origin of the self, its evolution, and the try to reach
the ideal-I is re-formed past the first preliminary stages of growth and is duplicated with
celebrities, models, and public figures changing the parents as images to attempt to match.
Everyone is continuously walking around with access to a mirror in the form of a front
camera in mobile phone. Therefore, while the time spent in the actual mirror may not have
changed as radically, the amount of time that many people spend looking at representations
of themselves in a mirror like camera, changing the angles of their face, their facial
20
expressions and so on has certainly increased. Therefore, one might say that the selfie is a
recreation of the new-born playing and posing in front of the mirror in to understand their
image and fully grasp the concept of the self as a unique being. This is to be a possibility
given that many often take selfies to observe major changes in the self: weight loss, the
addition of tattoos, haircuts, change in place or discovering new place, changes in clothing
or make-up styles. We pose for a camera in order to see this “new self” in a similar manner
to a new-born realizing their image in a mirror as per Lacan theory.
i. Lacan’s mirror stage ii. Today’s selfie stage

Figure 3-3 Different stages of theory
Furthermore, some take selfies to try to capture a day in which they feel physically
attractive, or strong or try to capture a new place which they are exploring. Therefore, these
things are to show that people continue to use pictures as a way to observe themselves on
the path to realizing the ideal-I. The universal nature of images in present society also helps
to analyse others in the path to realizing the perfect self. For example, the pictures of certain
personalities will cause others to purchase particular fashion items, cut or colour their hair
in particular ways, attempt to have a particular body type, or visit some place or building.
Once again, we mimic the actions or appearances of others that we admire or look up to in
the attempt to truly begin to understand how to achieve the ideal-I (Talbourd, 2016). So,
after understand about psychology of human that why people are so in to taking selfies then
now one must have to understand behaviour of society. Social media is main cause of
increasing selfie culture to this extended that everyone is taking selfie everywhere, where
they feel most attracted. However, next topic will give more understanding about overall
scenario of society whom are more concern about self-image for outside of the world.
21
3.3.2. Social Media, Selfie Culture and Society

One can say that advance technologies are responsible for the selfie term. Apple company
released the iPhone with a front facing camera in 2010 in the same year Instagram, perhaps
the social media epicentre of the selfie, was come to market. In just three years after the
Instagram come in 2013 “selfie” was awarded the title of ‘Word of the Year’ by the Oxford
dictionary. In 2015, over 80 million photos were posted to Instagram per day with a
significant number of these were selfies.
But certainly, technology cannot reason for this selfie-culture. Then one has to find What
is the real motivation? A scientific study published last month examined the purposes for
using Instagram and upload selfies in it. And there are found five major reasons: social
communication, archiving, entertainment, glancing on others, and self-expression
including the desire to be noticed by others (refer Figure no.3-4). Self-expression is an
important facet of human individuality mainly for young generations. Are selfies just a
modern form of an age-old desire for self-expression, or are they characteristic of a
narcissism? Research has shown the social media site use is linked to narcissism. Perhaps
these trends are characteristic of a new lifestyle that handles in the immediate, the highly
brief and continuously shared thoughts, experiences and moment-to-moment living. Where
do one can end and the world from outside begin? Where there is unique identity of oneself?
Now, it’s no longer affected to the individual. If so, the only element that remains as private
and unchanged proof of one’s unique identity is face (Ph.D. Susan Greenfield, 2015).
It seems obvious that selfies (the act of taking a picture of oneself by oneself) would be
considered somewhat narcissistic when done extremely. We are living in an age where
social media has become the standard and ‘selfie’ is part of our complex vocabulary.
Various studies have discovered the relationship between social media and narcissism.
These studies show that there is, certainly, a link between the social media and narcissism.
Narcissism is a social syndrome characterized by self-centeredness, supremacy, power and
the belief that a person is better, smarter and more attractive than others. Even though
narcissists remind a sense of superiority to others (Maria Magallanes, 2018). After clear
understanding of selfie culture and its causes, its clear that selfie culture increasing
narcissism in human. It is now time to understand how selfie culture and narcissism is inter
related. Further, there will be understanding that how one creates oneself image which is
artifice but its to presenting their individuality to the world.
22
i. People taking selfie in new place ii. People taking selfie in festive
Figure 3-4 People taking selfie when they feel attractive
3.3.3. Selfie Culture and Narcissism

The ground of design has drastically extended. As a practice, design is no longer restricted
to the material objects, but rather extends from wisely crafted individual looks and online
identities, to the surrounding clusters of personal devices, new materials, boundaries,
networks, systems, infrastructures, data, substances, organisms, and inherited codes.
Our new culture is generally described as being narcissistic. And narcissism is understood
as a total attention on oneself, as a lack of interest in society. However, it is difficult to say
that the mythical Narcissus is interested entirely in himself. Obviously, he is not interested
in sustaining his desires, which he simply discards. But neither is he interested in an
“inner,” “subjective” vision accessible completely to his own observation, isolating him
from others. He is pleased by the reflection of his own body in the lake providing him as
an “objective,” image shaped by Nature and might available to everyone. It would be wrong
to say that Narcissus is not have concerned for others, in society. Rather, he entirely
recognizes his own outlook with an “objective” social perspective. And so, he assumes that
others will be also fascinated by his own experienced image.
23
The modern Narcissus, however, cannot be so sure of their own taste. Today people are
unable to like themselves if one is not liked by the society in which we live. And in our
society, we have to become active if we want to be the objects of other’s appreciation.
Current subjects cannot only rely on the looks they were born with. They must practice
self-design, and produce their own image with the aim of becoming liked by society. Even
those whose activities are limited to taking selfies must still actively assign them to get the
“likes” they want. But self-design does not stop here. We also produce aesthetically
applicable things and/or surround ourselves with things we believe to be impressive and
seductive. And we act publicly even losing oneself in the name of a public good in order to
be respected by others.
Figure 3-5 Background come in picture for selfie culture

Source: https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/selfie-wall
The desire is produces self-consciousness and even the “self”, but it is also what changes
the subject into an object. None are as interested in the survival and well-being of society
as the modern Narcissus. That’s how, design is transforming society into an exhibition in
which every individual appears as both artists and self-designed works of art. The subject
of self-design clearly has a much interest in the image which offer to the outside world.
The internet is a place for self-presentation from Facebook to YouTube to Instagram but
likewise in the “real,” or let’s say “analogue” world, one is expected to be responsible for
24
the image they present to the regard of others. The subject of self-design is therefore not
only interested in their own existence, but also in that of people, their only possible viewer.
Self-design means rephrasing inner self, psychological, attitudes or interests on external

things which creates an another, artificial body that might be substitutes and survives that
of the human need. The use of things is a form of self-design: things are not only tools for
everyday life but also displays of their user. In fact, as inheritors to palaces and churches,
art museums were initially design museums. So, person does not just use things, but they
also made them for their self-motive. These things can be artworks, books, films, photos,
building and anything which, circulate and are spread globally. This spreading is even more
obvious with the internet, where not only famous people but all people are able to rewrite
their personality. (Boris Groys, 2016)
However, in present day selfie culture is essential part of human life to represent oneself to
the world. Selfie culture and narcissism is interrelated that also one will understand from
above study and selfie culture bring concept of perfect self and to make that self-perfect in
that particular frame the background design is come to the picture (refer Figure no.35).
further, background has to take care while taking selfie then architecture is also referring
as good backdrop for taking selfie. Architecture also give more attractive and perfect look
to the self for their selfies that’s way, architecture style has more focuses on its aesthetical
part of the building. So, one also has to learn that how and from when architecture has
change in its style. Further, in next chapter there brief understanding about narcissism in
architecture and effect of increasing narcissism in architecture.
3.4. Narcissism in Architecture

After seeing that how selfie effected to the human life and surrounding and also realise that
it increasing narcissistic personality in the human which also effect their surroundings like
architecture. So, here is study of narcissism in architecture and for that first thing to
understand is timeline of history that how was things changed by time and technology.
Then will see that how current scenario of architecture style has been showcasing their
narcissistic style and last will understand all type of building around the world and their
narcissistic characteristic.
25
3.4.1. History of Architecture (Timeline)

The history started from the ancient period of time when people started developing their
settlers but renaissance it the period where one can say architecture has more focusing on
its aesthetic, ornamentation and individualism in this age.
Renaissance (14-1600), the idea of humanism began in Italy. Humanism says that man is
the centre of the universe. All human achieving that in art, literature, and science. Da Vinci
was best-known for his works like the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, etc. Artists like da
Vinci united scientific principles, such as anatomy into his work, so he could re-
form the human body with precision (refer Figure no.3-6). Architects such
as Brunelleschi studied mathematics and design huge buildings with expansive
domes. Emotion was another quality that artists tried to infuse into their pieces. This style
of painting, sculpture, and decorative art was categorized by a focus on nature
and individualism, the thought of man as independent and self-sufficient. Artwork
throughout the Renaissance was characterized by attention to detail, and precise study of
human anatomy. Medici family has major influence of renaissance (refer Figure no. 3-7).
They allowing artists to focus on their work without having to worry about money. A
significant amount of the art and architecture that was produced in Florence at the
beginning of the Renaissance was due to the Medici.
i. St.Peter's Basilica ii. Mona Lisa iii. Vitruvian man

Figure 3-6 Renaissance Art and Architecture
Source: https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/renaissance-architecture-explained-15h-17th-century/
Renaissance started focusing more on individualism where one can is little effect of
narcissism started exploring in this era. Renaissance architecture also Focuses on to create
small ornamentation in exterior and also started design as per anatomy of human body. So,
one can see characteristics of narcissism in renaissance period.
26
Figure 3-7 Medici Riccardi Palace, Florance

Source: http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/medici_riccardi_palace.htm
Mannerism (1527-1580), Mannerist artists focus on style and technique overshadowed

the meaning of the subject matter. This shown in a turn from faithful depictions of figures
and subjects, a denial of harmony, and the growth of a dramatic new style liberated by
the symbolic plane, reality, or literal accuracy. Essential asymmetry, artifice, and the
ornamental also informed this movement. New findings in science had led society away
from Humanist ideals and paintings. Now, here is no longer man as the centre of the
universe, but rather as isolated, exterior members in the great mysteries of life.
A key element of Mannerism was the use
of” twisting figure" in representing human bodies
with extended members, extended forms, and a
fluid S-shaped elegance (refer Figure no. 3-8).
Many Mannerist works offered individuals or
scenes in non-naturalistic settings, oftentimes
without any contextual basis. They inviting the
viewer into a more philosophical experience rather
than a literal reading of the work. Mannerism has
little change in its period. Artist go beyond the
Figure 3-8 Madonna with the Long Neck stereotype work. However, this unusual and out of
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Madonna_with_the_Long_Neck context represent narcissism here. Commented [TP24]: Source – Colour ( Font colour-
Black)
Baroque (1600- 1750), is an elaborate new architectural style lavished building.

Baroque was characterized by complex shapes, extravagant ornaments, lavish paintings,
and bold contrasts, exaggerated motion and clear detail used to produce drama, energy, and
magnificence in sculpture, painting, architecture, etc (refer Figure no.3-9). In Italy, the
Baroque style is reflected in luxurious and dramatic churches with irregular shapes,
excessive ornamentation and curvy plan (refer Figure no.3-10).
27
i. San carlo alle quattro fontane, ii. Baldacchino in St. Peter’s iii. Narcissus by Caravaggio
Borromini Basilica
Figure 3-9 Baroque Art and Architecture
Source: https://www.invaluable.com/blog/baroque-art-rococo-art/
In the Baroque style of architecture, prominence was placed on bold spaces, domes, and
large masses. Baroque architecture was designed to create illusion. There for, the straight
lines of the Renaissance were substituted with flowing curves, while domes/roofs were
enlarged. It was an emotional style, which, exploited the dramatic potential of the urban
landscape as illustrated by St Peter’s Square in Rome, leading up to St Peter’s Basilica.
Bernini, one of the greatest Baroque architects, ringed the square with colonnades, to
convey the impression to visitors that they are being embraced by the arms of the Church.
i. Plan ii. Section
Figure 3-10 San carlo alle quattro fontane, Borromini, Rome

Source: http://www.aiauk.org/news/2016/5/29/aia-uk-member-news-when-in-rome
28
Baroque paintings were characterized by drama, as seen in the iconic works of Italian
painter Caravaggio. He done many famous paintings and one of the painting was narcissus.
However, baroque style has much characteristic of narcissism because of its idea of making
something new and unusual.
Rococo (1699-1780), Paintings were popular ways to represent the Rococo period's bold
and festive lust for life. This included works denoting outdoor pastimes, erotic paintings
alive with a sense of unusual self-indulgence, landscapes, and the "celebrity" portrait,
which positioned ordinary people in the roles of notable historical or symbolic characters
(refer Figure no. 3-11). Rococo art and architecture carried a strong sense of theatricality
and drama, influenced by stage design. Theatre’s influence could be seen in the innovative
ways painting and decorative objects were interlaced into various environments, creating
fully immersive atmospheres. Rococo style is much about lavish details and ornamentation.
Which makes one kind of narcissistic approach to the style.
i. The Helblinghaus in Innsbruck, Austria. ii. National Ceramics Museum iii. The Secret Message
in Valencia, Spain by Francois Boucher
Figure 3-11 Rococo Art and Architecture
Source: https://www.invaluable.com/blog/baroque-art-rococo-art/
Art Nouveau (1890-1910) The distinguishing ornamental characteristic of Art Nouveau is

its undulating, asymmetrical line, often taking the form of flower stalks, insect wings, and
other delicate and natural objects; the line may be elegant and graceful or infused with a
powerfully rhythmic. In the graphic arts the line subordinates all other symbolic elements
form, texture, space, and colour to its own decorative effect. In architecture and the other
plastic arts, the whole of the three-dimensional form becomes overwhelmed in the organic,
rhythm, creating a combination between structure and ornament ( refer Figure no.3-12).
29
ii. Section
i. Elevation iii. Plan

Figure 3-12 Casa Batlló, Barcelona, Antoni Gaudi
Source: Source: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-art-nouveau-artworks.htm
Architecture particularly shows this synthesis of ornament and structure; a liberal

combination of materials. This approach was directly opposed to the traditional
architectural values of reason and clarity of structure. This style is about unique detail in
every aspect from art to small elements of building to Architecture (refer Figure no.3-13).
i. Casa Batlló, Barcelona ii. Gateway of the Castel Béranger iii. Poster by Alphonse Mucha
by Hector Guimard
Figure 3-13 Art Nouveau Art and Architecture Commented [TP25]: Figure caption – Colour mistake (
Source: https://www.theartstory.org/movement-art-nouveau-artworks.htm Black colour)
30
Beaux Art (1895-1925) and architecture

is characterized by order, symmetry,
formal design, magnificence, and
elaborate ornamentation. Combining
classical Greek and Roman architecture
with Renaissance ideas (refer Figure
no.3-14). Beaux Arts architecture was a
Figure 3-14 Paris Opera by Charles Garnier
favoured style for grand public buildings Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/architecture-
and wealthy mansions. Beaux style is timeline-historic-periods-styles-175996
simple at plan level and focused on

exterior ornamentation which gives lavish
look to the building from its surrounding.
Expressionism (1905-1920) emerged as a

response to increasingly conflicted world
views and the loss of spirituality.
Expressionist art sought to draw from
within the artist, using a distortion of form
and strong colours to display anxieties and
raw emotions (refer Figure no. 3-15).
painters, in a search for authenticity.
Expressionism changed the way people
thought about architecture because its
architect demonstrated that buildings did
not always have to repeat past styles or be
bound to certain design standards and
expectations. In fact, its developed that Figure 3-15 The scream by Edvard Munch
Source: https://smarthistory.org/munch-the-scream/
revived the rejection of box shapes and
traditional lines.
Modernist (1900) styles have come and gone and continue to evolve. Modern-day trends
include Art Modern and the Bauhaus school design by Walter Gropius, Gropius
taught architects to reject historical orthodoxies and adopt the innovative new ideologies of
modern industry. Deconstructivism, Formalism, Brutalism, and Structuralism. Modernism
31
is not just another style; it presents a new way of thinking. Modernist architecture
emphasizes function. It attempts to provide for specific needs rather than imitate
nature. Modernism became identical with the rise of America as the world’s new super-
power, highways, skyscrapers, urban landscapes, public building (refer Figure no.3-16).
Modernist architecture generally has little or no
ornamentation and is prefabricated or has factory-
made parts. The design emphasizes function and
the man-made construction materials are usually
glass, metal, and concrete. Philosophically,
architect’s rebel against traditional styles.
i. Plan
ii. Section iii. Form

Figure 3-16 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright
Source: https://www.archdaily.com/60392/ad-classics-solomon-r-guggenheim-museum-frank-lloyd-wright
Post Modernism (1972) Postmodern architecture evolved from the modernist movement,
yet contradicts many of the modernist ideas. Combining new ideas with traditional forms,
postmodernist buildings may startle, surprise, and even charm. Familiar shapes and details
are used in unexpected ways. Buildings may incorporate symbols to make a statement or
simply to delight the viewer. Architecture moved away from the rigid formalities
of modernism and began to incorporate stylistic references that were often playful and
symbolic, using techniques such as shape (refer Figure no.3-17).
Postmodern architecture tends to be Commented [TP26]: Font style – Times New Roman
characterised by its highly decorative, and loud

aesthetic; above all refusing to draw inspiration
solely from a single source, and often focussing
on form over function.
i. Plan
32
ii. Section iii. Elevation

Figure 3-17 Venturi House by Robert Venturi
Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2015/08/12/postmodernism-architecture-vanna-venturi-house-
philadelphia-robert-venturi-denise-scott-brown/
Contemporary (20th) architects create designs that embody all the differences in styles,
making the buildings of modern times masterpieces. Cutting away from the Modern
architectural designs of the late twentieth century, today’s architecture features eco-friendly
and creativity. Unlike modern architecture, which is defined as the building style during
the early to mid-twentieth century, Contemporary architecture refers to present-day
building style. Because today’s architecture styles are numerous, it is difficult to come up
with a formal or precise definition of contemporary architecture (refer Figure no. 3-18).
Contemporary architects take into account the stark, clean lines and utilitarianism of
Modern architecture and seek to design more personal buildings.
i. Milwaukee Art Museum by ii. Ontario Museum by Daniel iii. Lou Ruvo Center for Brain
Santiago Calatrava. Libeskind Health by Frank Gehry
Figure 3-18 Contemporary Buildings
Source: https://www.archdaily.com/
3.4.2. Narcissism in Present Architecture Style

The narcissist Architect has an extreme interest in their self and their physical appearance.
Their physical appearance is manifested through the construction of their self-publicist
Architecture which projected to the external elevation that challenges the world (refer
Figure no.). It screams 'look at me' and 'notice me'. This is most narcissistic self-centred of
33
oneself is manifest in many architects work and one can name the famous one's who possess
this narcissistic trait (Parmenides,2017). It’s important to keep in mind the effect that physical
spaces have on their inhabitants. Part of this is imagining how the typical supporter directs
through the space and why certain features may become photographic object. From the moment
one enters the space, and through every turn one make, until the moment one leaves the
property, moments of “shareability” can be all around oneself. Further to understand that how
a decorative entrance door, exclusive floor, unique light fixtures, colourful live walls, or edgy
exterior paintings can all be image backdrops for a great “selfie.” World are in the business of
making memories, but photos are the dependable thing where one keeps their memories.
However, that’s why architecture has that kind of feature in there building elements which
attract people to visit particular building.
i. Zaha Hadid ii. Frank Gehry

Figure 3-19 Sketches of Masters
Source: www.archdaily.com/search/projects
Today all are adapted to celebrity culture. However, the presence of an architect, even one
as famous as Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Danial Libeskind, etc. This circle of fame is
something quite new. Narcissism is barely recent, but it has reached heights of
extraordinary, and there is now “no embarrassment” involved to falling in “love with
oneself”. The narcissism displays itself in extravagances and Gehry’s Building University
of Technology Sydney is one of the illustrations of an architecture that is so extreme in its
understanding of the uninformed, and, accepting all criticism (refer Figure no.).
Just like Narcissus who fell in love with his reflected image in the water, Gehry achieves a
similar thing with his unusual creation of a mirror staircase so that people may do the same.
The stainless-steel stair crushes uncomfortably into the small lobby on the south Ultimo
main entry. The effect of being too great for its place is similar to Michelangelo’s 1526
Laurentian Library stair in Florence (refer Figure no.). Its break into countless small
34
reflecting mirrors makes it impossible for anyone approaching it to take it in, such is the
division of its visual shape. One can so overwhelmed by the solid visual patterns that the
staircase becomes unseen. All can see is a mixture of incomplete reflections. The staircase
is a recap of Mannerism’s narcissistic obsession with mirrors. The staircase is an unusual
sculpture, perhaps the most amazing thing of its kind in Australia and an example of
Characteristic of excellence in which the function is secondary. Standing at the top of the
stair, human is no longer ordinary, one enters a new cinematic realm. The staircase is
considered as a film set, and one becomes unwitting actor. The object is one of self-
observation, and in every turn, every motion one make is captured and continuous display
of self-reflections. Its effect is stronger than any selfie.
i. Exterior of UTS building ii. staircase of UTS

Figure 3-20 University of Technology Sydney in Sydney
source: https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2015/04/frank-gehry-imposed-hollywood-narcissism-ultimo/
The building demonstrates the cross-over between real life and fantasy, between real life
and cinema, in which architecture as a substance transports one into a trendy unreality.
Narcissism comes at a price and insignificant for a selfie. Because of such imagery mirrors
society that has lost all sense of authenticity, a society moreover in which economics drives
everything, and vision and truth. Mannerism is unlikely to last, with its high-class focus on
style as an end and it disconnect from reality, the world can only take so many twisted city
towers before boredom sets in. The thing is that Mannerism set meaning out of architecture
and leaves it an extravagant, seductive perhaps, but lacking of importance. It is charged
with aggression, anxiety and instability, qualities that ultimately leave one isolated. In
sixteenth-century Italy, Mannerism was outdone and replaced by the rhetoric of Baroque.
Same as, Gehry’s embrace of narcissism in his buildings (Philip Drew, 2015).
35
There are new projects coming up with new ideas. Among the projects which announced
selfies to architectural spaces is the art installation called Au Pantheon. Artist JR created
this installation as part of his Project which included a photo booth traveling across France,
in which more than 2.5k people took self-portraits, with others uploading their selfies to
the project’s website. The final mosaic, made up of 4k faces, was then used to cover the
ceiling of the Neoclassical mausoleum Le Pantheon in the Latin Quarter of Paris. Several
other projects have taken the concept further and into strange directions. The major
museum of 3D paintings in Asia cheers their visitors to take photos of themselves. They
are invited to play with the exhibits and become part of the artwork (refer Figure no.3-).
So, one can see the impact of selfie culture and narcissism in architecture not only outer-
façade but also inside the building there is program which also get impact.
i. Au Pantheon by JR ii. museum of 3D paintings in Asia iii. Megafaces pavilion

Figure 3-21 impact of selfie culture in architecture
Source: https://architizer.com/blog/practice/details/the-art-of-the-selfie/
Selfies are being increasingly used in urban design and community engagement
campaigns. Several initiatives are calling on people to, for example, take pictures of
themselves in places in their cities, corners, cafes, parks, etc. which make them happy.
The “Mobile Selfie Booth” was part of a project that aims to engage the public in a larger
debate on urban planning and design focused on Market Street in San Francis Selfies are
being increasingly used in urban design and community engagement campaigns. Several
initiatives are calling on people to, for example, take pictures of themselves in places in
their cities, corners, cafes, parks, etc. which make them happy. The “Mobile Selfie Booth”
was part of a project that aims to engage the public in a larger debate on urban planning
and design focused on Market Street in San Francis Selfies are being increasingly used in
urban design and community engagement campaigns. Several initiatives are calling on
people to, for example, take pictures of themselves in places in their cities, corners, cafes,
parks, etc. which make them happy.
36
3.4.3. Narcissism in All Building type

Narcissism can be seen in any type of building function to explore narcissism and its
characteristics; this thesis will examine all kind of building and how one can see narcissistic
characteristics in any building then further it will be discussed about which type of building
is most prominent to showcase narcissistic characteristics. This thesis will explore all types
of building like commercial, educational, industrial, public, religious, residential,
transportation. All the photographs of buildings except whose sources are mentioned are
referred from (https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects).
Commercial Architecture includes hotels, offices, showrooms, stores etc. For example,
to see narcissism in commercial architecture, the building of Central St. Giles Court in
Westminster, London by Renzo Piano and Fletcher Priest Architects which was completed
in 2010 is described below (refer Figure no.3-22).
Location of the site chosen strategically because

the site is around a new courtyard in the centre of
the area, which is connected by a publicly
accessible route and ground floor public uses to
the surrounding streets and spaces.
Form of the building the project is part of a

complex urban patchwork of medieval streets,
modern buildings and traditional urban blocks.
This environment had a dramatic impact on the
design of the project
Volume of the building the scheme is composed

of complex volumes, which are characterically
chiselled fragmented and reduced in scale to
match the surrounding buildings. These chiselled
volumes mad St-G an impressive architectural
sculpture characterized by a combination of
shimmering facets.
37
Tools which are use is unique. differing in height,

orientation, colour, and relationship to natural
light. Glass, steel and ceramic are the primary
elements of the skin. In each fact the ceramic is
used in different shade and colours that respond
to the surrounding building, thus helping to
integrate the scheme in the immediate urban
environment. Commented [TP27]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Program At the core of the scheme there is a

large courtyard, where the public activity is
concentrated with its cafes and restaurants this
piazza will generate social life, thus enhancing
the urban identity of the site. A six-meter full
height glass facade provides a maximum of
transparency, five passages through this
courtyard allow a permeable scheme and invite
passers-by to this piazza shaded by a 20m high tree.
Figure 3-22 Central St. Giles Court
Educational Architecture includes institute, learning centre, school, university, library

etc. For example, to see narcissism in educational architecture, the building of High School
Jean Lurçat in Saint-Denis, France by Mikou studio which was completed in 2013 is
described below (refer Figure no.3-23).
Location is the junction of two basic fabrics: an

area of scattered low-rise detached housing,
which is unstructured but constitutes the
neighbourhood’s identity and creates a friendly
human scale on Rue Diderot and a strong link with
green spaces and the city gardens.
38
Tools which are used in the building the

specificity of the blocks is asserted all the more by
variations in the expression and tone of the
external wall finish which create a lively
modulating range of appearance. The wall finish
is corrugated stainless steel cladding, polished to
varying degrees, assembled in horizontal or
vertical elements, and with a copper-coloured
finish for the general teaching blocks. Commented [TP28]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Horizontality The configuration of the scheme in

separate blocks identifies each of the teaching
buildings while creating visual bearings and
several different viewpoints from inside the
school, and it also gives Rue Diderot a sensitive
through view of the school, integrated into an
enhanced landscape of greenery.
Figure 3-23 High School Jean Lurçat
Industrial Architecture includes factory, plant, etc. For example, to see narcissism in
industrial architecture, the building of Cement Factory in Cali, Colombia by MGP
Architects which was done in 2008 is described below (refer Figure no.3-24).
Façade of the project is the winner of an

architectural contest, for the resolution of a
“skin” for a technical building containing a self-
generation electrical plant for cement factory.
The Factory wanted to generate also a
corporative image with the building. Commented [TP29]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Material is precast concrete and brick veneer

composite panel on its exterior façade. The
master for the panels was fabricated using a CNC
router and then a rubber mold was made from the Commented [TP30]: Spelling Mistake
master.
Figure 3-24 Cement Factory
39
Public Architecture includes community centre, library, museum, theatre, etc. so, this
thesis will consider two examples to see narcissism in public architecture because all public
building has different kinds of environment as per their functions and their needs. So, to
understand narcissism in public architecture here the community centre and a museum is
taken. Community centre is Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan by Zaha Hadid
Architects which was done in 2013 (refer Figure no.3-25). And Museum is Guggenheim
museum in Bilbao, Spain by Frank Gehry which was done in 1997 are descried below (refer
Figure no.3-26).
Form The design of the building establishes a

continuous, fluid relationship between its
surrounding plaza and the building’s interior. The
plaza, as the ground surface; accessible to all as
part of Baku’s urban fabric, rises to envelop an
equally public interior space. Commented [TP31]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Location of the building the project is part of a

complex urban patchwork of medieval streets,
modern buildings and traditional urban blocks.
This environment had a dramatic impact on the
design of the project Commented [TP32]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Tools of the building is usual but not use same

way like colour is pure white which give building
look like light in weight. Material is concrete and
glass but structure is very complex. Texture of the
building is very smooth which goes which Merge
with surrounding landscape. Commented [TP33]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Structure of concrete combined with a space

frame system. In order to achieve column-free
spaces that allow the visitor to experience the
fluidity of the interior, vertical structural elements
are absorbed by the envelope and curtain wall
Figure 3-25 Heydar Aliyev Centre system.
40
Location Set on the edge of the Nervión River

in Bilbao, Spain, the Guggenheim Museum is a
fusion of complex, swirling forms and
captivating materiality that responds to an
intricate program and an industrial urban
context.
Tools Constructed of titanium, limestone, and
glass, the seemingly random curves of the
exterior are designed to catch the light and react
to the sun and the weather. Fixing clips make a
shallow central dent in each of the. titanium
tiles, making the surface appear to ripple in the
changing light and giving an unusual iridescence
to the overall composition.
Structure The building’s walls and ceilings are
load-bearing, containing an internal structure of
metal rods that form grids with triangles. CATIA
calculated the number of bars required in each
location, as well as the bars’ positions and
orientations. In addition to this structure, the
walls and ceilings have several insulating layers
and an outer coating of titanium.
Light in the building coming from the ceiling
where is use glass glazing. This is the museum
where light is very essential part of the building
which come from the gaps where to surface join
with glazing system.
Entrance the building circulates and extrudes

around the Salve Bridge, creates a curved
riverside promenade, The building alludes
landscapes, such as the narrow passageway to
the main entrance hall or the curved walkway
and water features in response to the River.
41
Form Although the metallic form of the exterior

looks almost floral from above, from the ground
the building more closely resembles a boat,
evoking the past industrial life of the Bilbao.
Scale The large, light-filled atrium serves as the
organizing centre of the museum, distributing
11,000 sqm of exhibition space over nineteen
galleries. The remaining nine galleries are
identified from the outside by swirling organic
forms clad in titanium.
Figure 3-26 Guggenheim museum in Bilbao
Religious Architecture includes church, mosque, temple, etc. For example, to see Commented [TP34]: Bold - Half Bold & half Normal…..
narcissism in religious architecture, the building of St. Mary Cathedral in Tokyo, Japan by
Kenzo Tange which was done in 1964 is described below (refer Figure no.3-27).
Location of the church is in the dense area of

Tokyo. Verticality of and massiveness of church
give identity to the place and area.
Form of the church is very monumental because

of context. church has concrete structure, simple
in concept and complex in shape, which recalls
the lightness of a bird and its wings.
Entrance zone has a lower ceiling area which

introduces the main hall which opens in huge
atrium to give visitor experience. Commented [TP36]: Blank space between 2 paragraphs
Light on the curved walls, changing at every

hour, makes the interior atmosphere extremely
involving. direct sunlight and diffused
reflections accompany the bending surfaces.
Figure 3-27 St. Mary Cathedral Commented [TP35]: Font size 10, and follow the format
caption
42
Residential Architecture includes apartment, houses, etc. For example, to see narcissism
in residential architecture, the Apartment of VM house in Copenhagen, Denmark by Big
Architects which was completed in 2005 is described below (refer Figure no.3-28).
Program of the apartment is very unique which

give user to choose to gate the apartment has per
their need.
Façade has tringle balcony which give
panoramic view to the user.
Form of the apartment is massive but

transparent and heavy in look. And building has
developed in horizonal way so give very
massive look to the building.
Figure 3-28 VM house in Copenhagen
Transportation Architecture includes airport, station, etc. For example, to see narcissism
in transportation architecture, the Liège-Guillemins railway station in Belgium by Santiago
Calatrava which was completed in 2009 is described below (refer Figure no. 3-29).
Location is the station is to connect both side of

the city.
Form is sculptures into which one can penetrate
and it is also fluid in the context of the city.
Components like structure is very complex and
fluid at the same time which give identity to the
station and the city. Calatrava wanted to enhance
this penetrability by creating a building without
facades, count on the roof for shelter.
Tools like material is use in the structure is
concrete, vaulted glass and steel canopy.
Because of its complexity of the texture colour
is used white only.
Figure 3-29 Liège-Guillemins railway
station
43
we have come to expect this type of exhibit in our museums, indicating the enormous
impact interactive exhibits have had on the way display professional think about museums
and visitor experiences. “doing” is now the standard approach to the teaching of science,
and interactive exhibits continue to populate other areas of exhibition practice, enriched by
other types of interactive experience such as environmental and find out more interactive.
Contemporary exhibition, such as the Winston Churchill exhibition in London, own much
to these precedents. Other experiments have sought to dispel the elitist nature of much
exhibition practice.
3.5. Narcissism in Museum

In the 1960s a new revolution in exhibition display was brought about by the growth of the
“hands-on” exhibition, developed and adopted by institutions such as Exploratorium in san
Francisco. Dissatisfied with traditional methods of teaching science, these institutions
introduced a fresh conception of learning, whereby children would actively engage with
real science. They developed interactive exhibits that allowed visitors to learn directly from
experience and have fun at the same time. The displays sought to engage a type of visitor
now known to museum and educational specialists as “kinaesthetic learners”. These
visitors, traditionally poorly served by museums, enjoy getting involved with something
“doing” rather than observing.
Today, we have come to expect this type of exhibit in our museums, indicating the
enormous impact interactive exhibits have had on the way display professional think about
museums and visitor experiences. “doing” is now the standard approach to the teaching of
science, and interactive exhibits continue to populate other areas of exhibition practice,
enriched by other types of interactive experience such as environmental and find out more
interactive. Contemporary exhibition, such as the Winston Churchill exhibition in London,
own much to these precedents. Other experiments have sought to dispel the elitist nature of
much exhibition practice. The glorious centre Pompidou in peris, designed by ltalian Commented [TP37]: First letter is capital
architect Renzo piano and british architect Richard rogers, has since its inception, attempted Commented [TP38]: Fist letter - capital
to create a less reverential atmosphere, more marketplace than art temple. Other
experiments have sought to dispel the elitist nature of much exhibition practice.
44
Figure 3-30 Museum of selfie

Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2018/02/15/digital-installation-seemingly-turns-selfies-into-gravel-
pengenerator-technology/
The glorious centre Pompidou in peris, designed by ltalian architect Renzo piano and british
architect Richard rogers, has since its inception, attempted to create a less reverential
atmosphere, more marketplace than art temple. The hi-tech building with its massive,
tubular air ducts, exposed structure and bright colours is in many ways an antidote to the
palatial, traditional galleries of the louvre across town, and is in this sense an ideal venue
for provocative, experimental installations that might appeal to younger audiences.
Additionally, the centre Pompidou’s huge, undivided floor planes and lack of columns or
internal load bearing walls gives the exhibition designer greater freedom to divide spaces
according to the dictates of the display, rather than having to respond to the structure of the
building. The "selfie factory" has taken over Los Angeles. DNA recently visited 29Rooms,
billed as "an interactive funhouse of style, culture, & technology." It's the creation of design
and fashion website Refinery 29. It launched in Brooklyn three years ago and was staged
in various warehouses. It just opened in a huge tent in downtown LA, in the parking lot of
the American Apparel warehouse, and tickets immediately sold out. It's a series of 29 artist-
created installations. One features mannequins with TV set heads. Another feature hanging
vines and flowers. There's one with a stage and you can pose like a cabaret singer. Another
looks like a giant typewriter and the Joan Didion quote behind it that says "We tell ourselves
stories in order to live." However, what's notable about most of these installations is they
are branded. So for example you can see an installation of a multi-coloured movie backdrop
of Los Angeles, with the all-new Toyota Camry centre stage.
45
Figure 3-31 29 room exhibitions

Source: https://www.kcrw.com/news-culture/shows/design-and-architecture/the-rise-of-selfie-museums
A flying astronaut "extra" is said to enhance the feeling of interactivity but it points out the
2018 model's sunroof. A company spokesperson said, "We are planning on having Toyotas
make you feel things, we want you to feel what it's like to drive the new Toyota Camry.
"But that sits next to another kind of branding, aimed at millennial women, like an
installation of neon signs of female reproductive systems and the phrase "I Stand With
Planned Parenthood." And this is just one of many such places: the Museum of Ice Cream,
Candytopia, 14th Factory, Happy Place, and the forthcoming Museum of Selfies. Why are
these being so popular? Well, Instagram is huge and that's where people are conversing
through images.
Also, selfies are becoming a primary form of expression for young people. It's a way of
marketing oneself on dating sites and apps. It's a reason why artists like Yayoi Kusama,
who just opened a show of her infinity mirror rooms at the Broad a few weeks ago, are so
popular. By placing oneself inside the art, it's a way of personalizing the experience.Now Commented [TP39]: Space Problem after .
we should say the so-called "high art" world is mixed about this trend. On the one hand
curators and artists want the young audiences to market their Instagram able installations.
On the other hand, they want their art to be taken seriously and think selfie-taking in front
of the Mona Lisa is not the appropriate art experience. Add to that the accidents that can
happen. One of the Kusama infinity mirror rooms -- called "All the Eternal Love I Have
for the Pumpkins" -- is off limits to selfie-taking because a past visitor dropped their camera
and broke a pumpkin.
46
3.6. Conceptual Framework

From literature study it is evident how and why people and building have narcissistic
personality. Some of the arguments that come out clearly are:
i. To Show case their uniqueness
ii. To give identity to the place or particular thing
iii. To make attention from the world
iv. To give individuality
v. To show case their ability and power
vi. To give fantasy (far from reality)
vii. To make connection in present and future generation
viii. To give bold and bright scenario
From the above indicators one gets a conceptual idea of the architecture styles that make
any building narcissistic. Mostly in narcissistic approach building has uniqueness in it
which is different from its surrounding and also catches the eye from far away which are
two feature of narcissistic building and there are their subpoints. And now if I talk about
museum architecture there are also some point which need to have in consideration. In
world of social media and selfie culture museum also need to be upgrade by means of
exhibition patterns.
i. Exhibition program should be connected to the city which should be different and
new
ii. Exhibition should reflect future transformation
iii. Exhibition have to be interactive
iv. Exhibition have not just to exhibited something but also has their doing or learning
process
v. Exhibition is the one way to tell world that what is going on in the city so it’s also
given identity to the city and culture of the city
While designing any museum with narcissistic approach, some of the principles that may
be looked upon or adapted in the design process are as following,
i. Program which give advancement to the city and people
ii. Site which give connection to past, present and future
iii. Design Approach to give identity to the museum in city where it located
47
From the overall literature study, there is an understanding of human’s phycology that how
they showcase them self in front of world? And there is also an undemanding that how
building show case its identity in from of wold? So, two aspect of narcissism can marge
and make conceptual framework to study museum in detail. Phycology aspects are,
attraction, power, identity, connection, uniqueness, etc. Further, these aspects give idea to
design building or museum too. Form which give appearance to the building if that is an
unusual than from of the building has role to give identity to the museum. Tools like
colours, material, texture, pattern if these are unique in the museum then it looks attractive.
However, there is more this kind of indicators or parameters which are derive from the
literature study (refer Figure no.3-32).
Figure 3-32 Diagram for how indicators are derived
48
Table 3-1 Conceptual Framework for Study of Narcissistic Architecture of Museum

No. Indicators Sub indicators Defining the Indicators Manifestation of the
Indicators
1 Form Chaotic Building which look like
multiple volumes but in actual
whole building is one entity.
Fluid In this type of structure building

has natural organic flow.
Monumental Building which has monumental

scale which look huge and
volumetric then its surrounding
context.
Sculptural In this type building has some

feature which looks like huge
urban sculpture.
2 Scale Verticality Building developed more in

vertical direction.
Horizontality Building developed more in

horizontal direction.
Volumetric Building developed with huge

massive volume.
3 Tools Colours Building has monotonise in

colour or use many colour
49
Materials Building made with new

materials and technology or
building made with old historical
materials.
Texture Building has fine texture or
coarse, smooth or rough and
sharp or dull depending on
surrounding things.
Pattern In some building there will be
some patterns to create specific
kind of façade to make that
structure or building different
from its surrounding.
4 Building Entrance Entrance is very important part
components in any building it can be design
in different ways like it is more
emphasis or it is flowing with the
building form or it also can be
indirect to give experience to the
visitors.
Atrium Atrium is second most important
thing after entrance one can enter
in atrium which has its own
charm of structure light shape
and size.
Staircase In building interior staircase is

one component which can be
design differently and can attract
people and in building it is more
dominating component.
Structure In any building structure is
essential part of it and is its
exposed structure it has its own
charm to the building.
50
Façade In exterior of building façade has

major role to make building
different from its surrounding.
Light In any building play of light give

different and experience to the
visitor to remember that space
particularly.
5 Design Symmetry/ Building plan either has

Elements in Asymmetry symmetry in space area or
plan volume or has asymmetry.
Geometry Geometry in plan make

particular form when it elevates
in 3d which make overall
building specific look.
Circulation Circulation has important role in

plan which make visitor
experience much better.
Space and In building plan one can figure

proportion out that how space and their
proportion workout together and
make one form of the building.
6 Design Symmetry/ Building section either has

element in asymmetry symmetry in space area or
section volume or has asymmetry.
Hierarchy In building section there is

hierarchy which give particular
form to the overall building and
create specific kind of volume.
51
Details In building section there will be

different kind of details which
make one building detail
different from the other.
7 Elevation Transparency Building elevation gives
/semi transparency on both side of
/opaque exterior and interior or give very
opaque and heavy and isolated
look to the building.
Light/heavy Building elevation show that
building has light in look or
massive or heavy in look base on
many considerations.
8 Site location Isolated/ centred It is very important to see that
where is the museum located. It
is located where river or city
meets or it is centre in the city or
it is isolated form the city.
9 Design Contextual or Designing a museum is
strategy not important to the place because its
shows identity of that place so
that museum is design as per the
contextual need or its totally
isolated form the context one has
to see.
10 Program Different/ usual Museum is one of the identities
of the space or a city so in
museum what kind of programs
are being held is very important
to make that museum different
from other.
52
4. Museums around the World
4.1. Outline
This chapter presents case studies around the world to understand the characteristics of
narcissistic architecture of world (refer Figure no.4-1) From the conceptual framework the
indicators will examine here in different cases from the world. In the last is inference in
end of the chapter from there qualitative analysis give idea that which are the indicators has
more emphasis in particular museum and which are those that doesn’t have in any museum.
All the photographs of museums except whose sources are mentioned are referred from
(https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects). Six case studies are mention below.
No. Timeline Building Location Architect

CSW1 2000 Museum of Music Seattle, United States Frank Gehry
CSW2 2008 Ningbo Historic Museum Zhejiang, China Wang Shu
CSW3 2010 Maxi Museum Rome, Italy Zaha Hadid
CSW4 2011 Military Museum Dresden, Germany Danial Libeskind
CSW5 2014 Biomuseo Amador Causeway, Panama Frank Gehry
CSW6 2017 Centro Botin Santander, Spain Renzo Piano
Figure 4-1 Location of Museums around the World
53
4.2. Museum of Pop Culture

The Museum of Pop Culture is sculptural building with unique design which give different
look to the museum. In this museum Gehry used advance material, vibrant colour, very
unusual shape and in very dense context. This whole expects make this museum very
unique and eye-catching (refer Table no.4-1).
Table 4-1 Analysis of Museum of Pop Culture Commented [TP40]: Caption colour problem - Black
Sculptural
Frank Gehry design this building with different material colour and
volumes and curves this make the whole building very sculptural in dense
urban contexts.
Form
Volumetric
This museum looks volumetric because of its shape and every shape has
different colour which make this museum very massive and volumetric.
Scale
Colour Material Texture and Pattern
Every colour which In the museum In the exterior every
used in exterior depict Stainless steel, colour and their
something which give aluminium and glass is texture has designed
Tools tribute to the old being used which is in detail to create
American music. very industrial material experience for the
at that time. museum.
Entrance of the Atrium of the museum Staircase in museum
building is not that has not that emphasis is designed simple and
dominate which gives because museum is not have that
the sense of the made for experience of emphasis so don’t
entrance. music. give sense of
entrance.
Structure of the Façade of the museum Light in the museum
museum made up with has different colour does not have that
stainless steel and which give eye- prominent inside the
Building components aluminium. catching look. museum.
58
Asymmetry Circulation/Geometry Space/ proportion

Museum has many Museum doesn’t have Transition of one
fragmented spaces simple smooth space to other space is
because plan has circulation but purpose very unique which
different complex of museum is to give means space has not
Design elements in plan geometry which is experience to the that important as that
asymmetry. visitor. Geometry of transition.
museum is very
complex.
Asymmetry Hierarchy Detail
Museum has many Museum has many Exterior skin has very
fragmented volumes volumes which give detail steel and
Design elements in section because section has interesting hierarchy to aluminium panels
different kind of the museum. which has different in
hierarchy in volumes size.
and shapes.
Transparency
Museum has very massive volume which make museum opaque one has
to go inside to experience the actual museum design.
Heavy
Elevation Museum’s volumetric look and different colour give very heavy look to
the building.
The museum is in centre of the city and unusual design of museum makes
it more unusual then the surrounding. In the museum there are rare
elements, the use of colours with unlike textures, presenting the power of
American music.
Site location
Museum doesn’t follow their context because the project idea was inspired
by the Fender guitar that Hendrix used to destroy after each concert. That
why, the museum has form of deconstructed electric guitar that offers
people to get into the museum and notice how the music was born.
Design strategy
The collections in museum focus on the impactful instants in current
culture which are science fiction, rock music, and others across the pop
culture variety, with many advanced exhibits and communicating
installations.
Program
59
4.3. Ningbo Historic Museum

Ningbo museum is monumental structure with uniquely usage of material which give
different look to the museum. In museum architect use old material which demolish on that
area with old traditional technique and bland with new material which is concrete and give
texture on concrete with bamboos. This thing makes museum unique (refer Table no.4-2).
Table 4-2 Analysis of Ningbo Historic Museum

Monumental
Wang Shu design this museum with recycle material and concrete this
demolish material looks very bold and give monumental look to the
museum. And Wang Shu designed to design like mountain and its part of
Chinese tradition.
Form
Volumetric
In museum after one arrive to the platform building splits in to five piece
which also very pointed and hug in scale which make building volumetric
in look.
Scale

Museum has old In museum there are 20 Museum has the huge
material which give different types of concrete walls, which
ruined colour to the recycled tiles and has very rich bamboo
museum with bricks. texture with old
Tools combination of material which has its
concrete colour. own old texture.
Entrance of the Atrium of the museum Staircase of the
museum has huge is the platform where museum has given
staircase which take u visitor will land after sense of entrance to
up to the platform they climb the staircase the museum which is
from there museum and comes to the open wild and give
has separated. This area from where monumental look to
entrance gives very museum has separated the museum.
dramatic entry. in different spaces.
Structure of the Façade of the museum Light is coming from
museum made with is look like ruins of the the small punctures
Building components traditional technique old structure which which are there is
called wapan. were the purpose of the walls.
architect.
60

Museum has square Museum has square Museum has different
plan but in plan there plan which separated in size of block as per the
is many subtractions 5 blocks with different need of the function.
Design elements in plan which make subtraction which make
interacting circulation simple.
asymmetry in plan.
Museum section has Museum has many Museum has very
Design elements in section subtraction same as juxtapositions after different kind of detail
plan has which make plinth level which is in wall which has two
asymmetry in section. pointed and which give type of materials
simple hierarchy in which create a wall.
volume of the building.
Transparency
The museum’s exterior is composed with old demolished material and
concrete structure which doesn’t give transparency to the museum but
opaque look to the building.
Heavy
Museum’s volumetric design and old material give the building very
massive and heavy look.
Elevation
Site has not much of the tradition which remains there because of it was
demolished. So, Wang Shu design to try to bring memory back with use
of that demolished material in the museum which connect the museum
with its context.
Site location
Wang Shu want to design this museum like a mountain. He can’t find
anything related city because there is no city there in that time. So, he
decided to design something which has life and that’s why he decided to
design mountains and it is also Chinese tradition.
Design strategy
The three-storey museum is exhibiting the demolished thing which found
on that space has displayed.
Program
61
4.4. Maxxi Musuem Commented [TP41]: Spelling Mistake
Maxxi museum is fluid structure in very dense Roman classical context which makes
museum very different and attractive from the surrounding. in museum its not just exterior
which is attractive but also in interior everything is detailed like staircases, structure to the
natural light everything has designed well (refer Table no.4-3).
Table 4-3 Analysis of Maxxi Museum

Fluid or dynamic
Zaha Hadid has designed new kind of multiple perspective points and
fragmented fluid volumes which express the fluidity of the modern life.
Form
Volumetric
Museum design has multiple fragmented volumes which overlap each
other in very dynamic way which make museum volumetric and heavy in
look.
Scale
Exposed concrete and Modernize material Exposed concrete and
glass natural colour of such as glass, steel and fluidity give very
material give concrete give the smooth texture to the
modernize look to the exhibition spaces a museum.
Tools historical area. neutral appearance.
Entrance of the Atrium has the main Staircase is the very
museum is from outer elements which is dominate feature in the
plaza form concrete curved walls, interior of the museum
cantilevered volumes open ceiling which because of its
which give dramatic gives natural light and suspended dynamic
sense of entrance. black suspended flow and black colour
staircases. which emphasise it.
Structure of the Façade of the museum Light has special
museum is very developed clean and attention for the
modernised and blind surface at the museum which comes
technological which side. Which announce from the thin concrete
Building components make museum bold the exitance of the beams on the roof
and structurally museum in historic which has glass
stabile. context. covering.
62

Multiple perspective The lighting system in Museum has very fluid
fragmented geometry museum give plan which doesn’t
makes plan very fluid circulation guide to the have proper space
and not in symmetry. visitors through the boundaries so there is
interior walkway. very smooth
Design elements in plan transformation in
space.
Fragmented volumes Design has multiple In the museum there
in section and volumes which overlap are so many things
geometry in plan each other and have which are specially
Design elements in section
makes building very many levels which give design in detail. From
dynamic and hierarchy to the the structure to the
asymmetry. building. natural light has
specific detail.
Transparency
Museum has bold clean concrete wall in side which give very opaque look
to the museum.
Elevation Heavy
Museum has multiple volume which overlap each other and concrete
exposed material also used which give structure of building look heavy.
Museum has concept de-constructed fluidity matched with the identity of
a city as Rome, and with its classical heritage which make this museum
very different from its surrounding. Museum is in heavy context of
historical Rome it gives more emphasis to the building.
Site location
Maxxi Museum in this context has very bold design which give museum
to its identity and also make relationship which neo classical with
modernisation. Design of this museum has dialogues with existence fabric
and curved smooth walls
Design strategy
The Maxxi museum structure process completes the idea of a renewed city.
Maxxi museum is the first national museum of contemporary art in Italy.
This museum a central point for Rome, which is in continuous look for its
contemporary identity.
Program
63
4.5. Military Museum

Military museum is monumental structure with unique design strategy which give different
look to the museum. Museum doesn’t have vibrant colour, advance material and very
complex design structure but it has new addition to the old building which look like its tear
the museum which gives very brutal look to the museum (refer Table no.4-4).
Table 4-4 Analysis of Military Museum

Monumental
Libeskind does not want to preserve old façade and just want to add
extension in back. He wants to create bold interruption which penetrate
through the historic old building to create new experience. This move of
Libeskind give very monumental look to the museum.
Form
Horizontality
The museum has already has old structure of the museum which is long
neoclassical historical design and which give horizontal look to the
Scale building.

Museum has old Museum has old There is old museum
building with new concrete material which has old
edition so, colour of structure with new glass neoclassical look and
the building is does and steel structure new edition gives
not matter in this material. brutal look to the
Tools
scenario. museum.
Entrance of the Atrium of the museum Staircase of the
museum is from the is in old structure of the museum has not that
old structure of the museum which open up dominance to the
museum then from in the new exposed museum building.
there one can visit to concrete structure
the new edition of the which give sense of
museum. transition to the visitor.
museum has five- gives war look because comes through the
story wedge of glass, of the new edition in old glass façade of the
concrete and steel structure looks like it new edition of the
slicing through the cut through the museum.
Building components
centre of the old building.
original structure.
64
Asymmetry Circulation/Geometry Space / proportion

Extension of the in museum there is Symmetry of space
Dresden’s Military centre block which is and proportion of the
Museum intensely for circulation staircase museum is interrupts
interrupts the only which give ease to by the new structure
Design elements in plan building's symmetry. the circulation. And in design.
plan extension breaks
the geometry of old
museum.
In section is same as New extension give Intersection of new
plan new extension hierarchy to the old structure in old
Design elements in section interrupts the monotonic structure of building is one unique
building’s symmetry. the museum. detail in its own way.
Transparency
The new edition of the façade gives openness and transparency in the on
opaque and rigidity of the existing museum.
Elevation Heavy
The old structure has already its neo classical historical design which gives
massiveness to the museum and in addition to the new structure which look
like cut through the old building gives heaviness to the building,
In the museum the new block has 99-foot viewing platform provides
breath-taking views of the city. The new block itself points in the opposite
direction, to the source of the bombs, creating a dramatic space for
reflection.
Site location
In the museum both new and old part attempts to make sense of the
pointless of war and violence. The architecture, the new exhibition and the
redesigned of the exhibition represent both traditional and new forms of
expression. The juxtaposition of tradition and modernization, of both
explanations of military history, is the basis of the new approach.
Design strategy
The restructured Dresden Museum of Military is central museum of the
German Armed Forces. It will have an exhibition area of nearly 21,000
square feet, which is Germany’s largest museum.
Program
65
4.6. Biomuseo
Biomuseo is chaotic structure with unique design which give different look to the museum.
Museum has vibrant colours and complex structure which makes it different from the
surrounding context. Museum has complex geometry but circulation is simple and user
friendly (refer Table no.4-5).
Table 4-5 Analysis of Biomuseo

Chaotic
Frank gehry who is best known for his sculptural and chaotic buildings
design. This museum is also his one of a kind building design. The
overlapping canopy design give very chaotic look to the museum.
Form
Horizontality
Museum is expanding from the centre of the atrium to the all side which
looks museum has long expanded entity. Horizontality to the building and
it is also strategic because of site location which is canal of the panama.
Scale
Colourful metal A coloured metal Vibrant colour and
plated canopies give plated canopies chaotic structure give
this museum very sustained by concrete very complex texture to
vibrant look to the columns. the museum.
Tools
area.
Entrance of the Atrium is in centre of Staircase of the
museum is one large the museum which museum don’t have
concrete staircase offer visitor to canal that sense of entrance
which opens into and Panama City. Also because of whole
atrium. give easy circulation coloured exterior has
from the centre. more emphasis for site.
Structure of the Façade has no role in Light is coming from

building is very the museum because of the adjoining part of the
complex. Canopies roof complexity is very canopies where
are sustained by dominating to the canopies are over lap
columns which give overall museum. each other. This create
more complex look very dramatic look to
Building components
to the museum. the museum.
66
Asymmetry Circulation/Geometry Space/proportion

The museum has While plan is complex Large atrium connected
chaotic look because so geometry of building through all function of
plan is also very is also but because of the museum. Space and
complex and atrium in centre the proportion of the block
asymmetric. circulation of museum are very similar to each
Design elements in plan is very easy for visitor. other.
The chaotic design of Roof canopies are in The structure of
roof is because of different space, size canopies and concrete
section has and heights which joint detail is very
asymmetry in design. create complex different and new
Design elements in section hierarchy of the structure of the
museum. museum.
Transparency
The canopies of museum are not giving that transparency to the structure
but adjoining area give semi transparency which give visitor to overlook
of sea and the city.
Heavy
Elevation The colourful roof of the museum is to vibrant that look very heavy in
structure and give dominated look to the museum.
Site location is uniting north and south America. Site is very strategic. It is
isolated from the main city of panama but connect both city and sea. The
colourful design is intended to represent as panama’s rising out sea.
Site location
Design of the colourful canopies shows local vernacular of panama’s
habitat, and offering safety from the area's frequent wind-driven rains. The
atrium level gives extended views to the Canal and to Panama City.
Design strategy
Biomuseo is educates people about the shaping our natural environment.
They introduce people about biodiversity and describe the geological and
natural history of Panama. The exhibitions also carry how these natural
forces are affecting humans and the importance of the interconnectivity of
life to the existence of all plant and animal species.
Program
67
4.7. Centro Botin

Centro Botin is fluid structure with unique material which give different look to the
museum. It is very contemporary design which response to the site but it’s different from
surrounding contexts which make the museum eye-catching. Museum has simple geometry
and circulation which visitor friendly with advance material and look (refer Table no.4-6).
Table 4-6 Analysis of Centro Botin

Fluid or dynamic
Renzo Piano has designed two separate curvy buildings that are connected
by a bridge. The wonderful curving of the corners shows dynamic and
fluidity to the building design.
Form
Horizontality
The two separate blocks strategically placed like this to give most viewing
point for water side and also landscape side. horizontality to the building
and it is also strategic because of site location.
Scale
The museum has grey Steel Frame, glass Ceramic clad look a
glossy ceramic tile so gazing and aluminium bit fish skin scale like.
it gives changing louver, and exterior has Because of ceramic
Tools
effect of light colours ceramic tile cladding. tile glossy texture and
on surface. round pattern one can
experience unique
exterior surface.
Entrance is from the Atrium is open ended Staircase of the
centre of the two passage which is building is single long
block which doesn’t viewing area of sea for flight which give
disturb activity which visitors. sense of entrance.
going in either side.
museum is basic is very unique in its comes from the
column based which way. The concept of curtain wall of both
Building components lifted both block and round ceramic tile gives side of the museum.
give connection to fish skin look to
land and sea. museum.
68

Two blocks are very Both blocks are Space of the museum
different from size connected from the is very strategic
and shape because to centre through passage. because of site
give viewing area for Circulation is very location. And
sea and landscape. simple and give user preposition of block is
comfort because as per program need.
Design elements in plan
geometry of plan also
very simple and
dynamic.
Symmetry Hierarchy Detail
Two blocks which Two blocks have little In façade the whole
about to similar to height difference to ceramic tile cladding
each other give interesting is very new detail for
composition. sea side museum.
Transparency
In museum there is curtain wall on both side of the museum is giving
transparency to the land area and the sea.
Light
The museum is elevated through the columns and the curves and texture
Elevation give fluid look to the museum which doesn’t show heaviness to the
museum.
Museum has very strategic area which is isolated to the city centre but give
connection to the city and sea. overlooking the sea, near the old city centre
and enhanced by the historic area.
Site location
The Centro Botín is half based on the land and the other half cantilevered
over the water. Museum is response to the site and water but it is not
contextual blocked structure. Museum is very different from its
surrounding block.
Design strategy
The Centro Botín, a space for art, culture and education, projecting into
the Bay of Santander, will restore to the city the huge dockland site, used
until now as a parking lot. Now is one of the identities of this area.
Program
69
4.8. Inferences
Considering above case studies and their analysis, qualitative inference is providing in below (refer Table No.4-7). Analysis of case studies give
idea of narcissistic characterises of the museum. Form the qualitative analysis there is idea that which indicator has prominent effect in museum
and which don’t have that emphasis. Form the table there are some indicator which can be subtract from the list like pattern doesn’t has that much
important in building same as atrium. There is entrance and staircase which both can be combine because in some case staircases emphasis as
entrance only. In plan symmetry-asymmetry depends on geometry and geometry depends on circulation and space and proportion doesn’t has that
important in narcissistic characteristics. That way in section also symmetry-asymmetry depends on hierarchy of the building. Transparency of
elevation depend on façade of the building and in last program doesn’t have big role for narcissistic characterises.
Table 4-7 Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies form the World

Indicators CSW1 CSW2 CSW3 CSW4 CSW5 CSW6
Form Sculptural Monumental Fluid Monumental Chaotic Fluid
Scale Volumetric Volumetric Volumetric Horizontality Horizontality Horizontality
Tools Colours Colourful Natural colour Natural colour Monotonic Colourful Grey in colour
Materials Advance Old and new New Advance and old Advance Advance
Texture Present efficiently Present efficiently Smooth surface Absent Present Present efficiently
Pattern Present Present Absence Absence Absence Present
Building Entrance Not much Emphasis Emphasis Emphasis Not much Emphasis Not much Emphasis Emphasis
components
Atrium Not much Emphasis Emphasis Emphasis Emphasis Emphasis more Emphasis
Staircase Not much Emphasis Emphasis Emphasis more Not much Emphasis Not much Emphasis Emphasis more
70
Structure Complex and Simple and not Not much complex Not much complex Complex and Simple and exposed
exposed expose and exposed and half exposed exposed
Façade Vibrant Brutal Dynamic Brutal Vibrant Advance
Light Not that Significant Significant Very Significant Significant Significant Significant
Design Asymmetry Symmetry Asymmetry Symmetry Asymmetry Asymmetry

elements in
plan Geometry Complex Simple Complex Simple Complex Simple
Circulation Complex Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple
Space and Experiential space Simple space with Experiential and Simple space with Experiential space Very simple space
proportion with different different proportion dynamic space with almost same with same and proportion
proportion different proportion proportion of space proportion
Design Asymmetry Asymmetry Asymmetry Asymmetry Asymmetry Symmetry
element in
section Hierarchy Less Significant Significant Significant Significant Very Significant Significant
Details In exterior skin with In exterior wall In structure, In juxtapose of old In roof and structure In exterior façade
their colours which has old and staircase, natural and new museum
new material light
Elevation Opaque Opaque Semi transparency Semi transparency Semi transparency Transparency
Heavy Heavy Heavy Heavy Heavy Light
Site location Centre of the city Centre of the city Centre of the city Centre of the city Isolated/ not in the Isolated/ not in the
city but on sea age city but on sea age
Design strategy Not contextual Contextual because Not contextual Contextual because Contextual because Contextual because
because very of traditional because dynamic old block is as it is roof structure same its respond to the
unusual from the material use look from the and just new as traditional house landscape and see
surrounding surrounding addition add on it of the city which connect city
Program Different Usual Usual Different Different Usual
71
i. Museum of Pop Culture ii. Ningbo Historic museum iii. Maxxi Museum
iv. Military museum v. Biomuseo vi. Centro Botin

Figure 4-2 Museum from the World
Source: https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects
72
Narcissism in the age of social media
There is also an inference about which museum from above has more narcissistic
characteristics in the building. So, form their form, colour, material to their site location
and program all museum has its own unique feature (refer Figure no.4-2). In all above
museum, Museum of Pop Culture has highest rate for narcissistic characteristic because of
the museum have very unusual form and vibrant colour advance material and museum is
in centre of the city which also shows that its very unusual from its surrounding. Biomuseo
has same feature but because its not in centre in city its not comparatively shows different
from surrounding like Museum of Pop Culture shows. Maxxi Museum and Centro Botin
has same kind of traditional context where both museums have advance material but maxi
museum is in centre of the city which make it more different from surrounding. In the last
Ningbo and Military Museum has same kind of old and new mixture in their design in
different ways. Military Museum has very brutal design strategy that gives unusual look to
the museum but in Ningbo Museum only material which has differently use which not as
brutal as Military Museum look. That’s why there are comparisons rating to understand
which museum has more narcissistic characteristics (refer Table no.4-8).
Table 4-8 Rating of Museum from the World

No Case study Narcissism in museum (rating)
CS1 Museum of Pop Culture ●●●●●
CS2 Ningbo Historic Museum ●●●○○
CS3 Maxxi Museum ●●●●○
CS4 Military Museum ●●●○○
CS5 Biomuseo ●●●●●
CS6 Centro Botin, ●●●●○
73
74
5. Museums from the India
5.1. Outline
This chapter has case studies from the India to understand the characteristics of narcissistic
architecture of India (refer Figure no.5-1). Case studies from world has qualitative analysis
from there some of the indicators are not shows narcissism which are remove and new
filtered indicators will use in this case studies to understand further narcissistic architecture
in Indian museum. There are two cases from the India which are following.

CSI1 1982 Bharat Bhavan Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Charles Correa
CSI2 1999 Virasat-E-Khalsa Anandpur Sahib, Punjab Moshe Safdie
Figure 5-1 Location of Museums from the India
75
5.2. Bharat Bhavan
Figure 5-2 Bharat Bhavan Commented [TP42]: Spacing problem after used caption
Bharat Bhavan is museum that very strategically design museum as per site requirement
(refer Figure no.5-2). museum has very simple plan with defined circulation which
makes museum user friendly. Museum is made up with brick and red send stone which
gives very earthy look to the museum. Museum has designed as per site location needed
to be and its characteristics explain below (refer Table no.5-1).
Table 5-1 Analysis of Bharat Bhavan

Charles Correa designed Bharat Bhavan as site required that’s way
museum has not particular form which can be seen from far. it’s in below
ground level and on contour. So, to bring natural light in museum he makes
skylight which starch upward and the only thing that can be seen from
Form ground level.
Horizontality
Museum is spread from ground to the lake edges so the whole museum is
on contour.
Scale
Colour Material Texture

Natural colour is used Red sand stone was Museum has natural
cause of brick. There used on the outer texture of the brick.
is some colour use to façade of the building. There is no other
emphasis light wells R.C.C. shells were emphasis in texture of
Tools which Are above the used in the exterior.
ground level. auditorium.
76
Entrance of the Façade of the Light in the museum

museum has made museum has not much come from the light
from the brick only emphasis because wells which stretch
which merge with museum is below above the ground level.
building. And ground level. Because of site location
Building components emphasis with large Correa takes care about
scale of staircase. how to bring natural
light in the museum.
Symmetry/Geometry
Museum has almost a square plan which further divide in square which
make plan simple and in symmetry.
Circulation
Museum has simple circulation like from courtyard to the internal spaces
which make circulation clear and because geometry is simple and clear.

Detail
In museum there is not such detail but because of exposed brick there is
detail of Flemish bond masonry.
Hierarchy
Design elements in section In museum there is light well and whole museum has terraces which give
nice hierarchy to the museum.
Transparency
Museum is below ground level which give transparency to site and lake
Elevation but not to the museum.
Heavy
there is no such volumetric building because whole museum has terraces
which is below ground level which does not make building heavy.
Museum has site on edge of lake which has contour ground. The
circulation through the terraces give movement to the down. The
courtyards providing peaceful spaces for rest and relaxation. The dialogue
between these two components creates a nice flow of museum.
Site location
Museum built into a hillside which grades down toward a lake and a
sequence of terraces and courtyards include in the museum. After entering,
the visitor has the option of follow the path of terraces which dropping
down to the lake, or to the courtyards which provide access to the other
functions.
Design strategy
77
5.3. Virasat-E-Khalsa
Figure 5-3 Virast-E-Khalsa

(all figure of virast-e-khalsa) Source: https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cvzmc/_virasatekhalsa_
designed_by_moshe_safdie_becomes_mostvisited_museum_in_india_within_5_years.html
Virast-E-Khalsa is museum that designed in two blocks one act as gateway to the city
which makes identity to the city (refer Figure no.5-3). This volumetric museum has very
nice landscape in the complex of the building. This museum is very unusual design and
component which make this museum different from its surrounding and, more things is
discussed below (refer Table no.5-2).
Table 5-2 Analysis of Virast-E-Khalsa

The building contains of a sequence of tower-like shafts which are cylindrical,
square and triangular in shape that rises out and make a building volume.
Form
Volumetric
The museum has many shafts like cylindrical, square and triangular in
shape which give volumetric look to the museum.
Scale
78
Colour Material Texture

Stone colour gives a In museum the Material and colour of
look same as hills Gwalior stone is used. the museum gives fort
which remind of the kind of old texture.
Tools Punjab.
Entrance of the Façade of the Light in museum which
museum is from museum is made with come from the roof
western block which stone which give fort which has sky lights.
is forms the gateway and brutal look to the
for the town. museum.
Building components
Asymmetry /Geometry
Museum has not symmetry in plan but geometry of the museum is simple.
Because it contains with two block and connected through the bridge.
Circulation
Simple geometry makes simple circulation to the museum which makes
museum user friendly.
Hierarchy
Museum has different volume and different level form inside the complex
which give interacting hierarchy to the museum.
Detail
In the museum there is no such details which is very unique, just roof of
steel structure has skylight for the museum.
Transparency
Museum has strong volumes which makes museum opaque and don’t give
transparency to the outside but it gives transparency in its own complex of
the museum.
Heavy
Elevation
Museum form is very volumetric design which looks museum heavy.
Museum is surrounding with water bodies of unusual beauty, and reflect
the surrounding hills, lend the complex an amazing degree of calmness.
The complex is deeply rooted in its surrounding landscape and regional
architecture, which rises from nearby sand cliffs.
Site location
The museum has two functionally combined sets of building blocks. The
western block, forming a gateway to the city, and eastern block which has
permanent exhibitions offering Sikh history, religion, and culture. Both
blocks connected with bridge which is on central waterbody.
Design strategy
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5.4. Inferences
Considering above case studies analysis, qualitative inference is providing in below (refer
Table No.5-3). Analysis of case studies give idea of narcissistic characterises of the
museum. Form the qualitative analysis there is idea that which indicator has prominent
effect in museum and which don’t have that emphasis. Form the table there are some
indicator which can be subtract from the list like texture of the museum depends of material
and colour of the building. Transparency is depending on how façade is created. And last
and form and scale has same role to make building look different from surrounding.
Table 5-3 Qualitative Analysis of Case studies form the India

Indicator CSI1 CSI2
Form Doesn’t have that form it’s Brutal and bold

just merges with the nature
Scale Horizontality Volumetric
Tools Colours Natural colour with some Natural colour

colourful pain on light wells.
Materials Red brick Gwalior stone
Texture Material which are used Material which are used
Building components Entrance Not emphasis Emphasis
Façade Not emphasis Not emphasis
Light Significant Significant
Design elements in Symmetry Asymmetry

plan
Geometry Simple Simple
Circulation Simple Simple
Design element in Hierarchy Significant Significant

section
Details Doesn’t have any significant Doesn’t have any significant
detail detail
Elevation Opaque Opaque
Light Heavy
Site location Isolated but make Isolated but give entrance to
connection to lake and city the city
Design strategy Contextual because it is Not that contextual because
responding to the site its volumetric structure
makes it different from
surrounding
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and program two museums have its own unique feature. Form the two museum Bharat
Bhavan is design as per site need and not very eye-catching building but for Bhopal Bharat
Bhavan create one identity of the place and city. Virast-E-Khalsa museum is very brutal
and massive volumetric building which not just give identity to the city but also look
different from its surrounding. So, as per there design and site location there is rating which
is given to the museum to understand the which museum has more narcissistic characterises
in their design and building elements (refer Table no.5-4).
Table 5-4 Rating of Museum from the India

CS1 Bharat Bhavan ●●○○○
CS2 Virasat-E-Khalsa ●●●●○
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6. Museums from the Ahmedabad
6.1. Outline
This chapter has case studies from the Ahmedabad to understand the characteristics of
narcissistic architecture of Ahmedabad (refer Figure no.6-1). Case studies from India has
qualitative analysis from there some of the indicators are not shows narcissism which are
remove and new filtered indicators will use in this case studies to understand further
narcissistic architecture in Ahmedabad museum. There are three cases from the
Ahmedabad which are following.

CSA1 1917 Gandhi Ashram Old Wadaj Charles Correa
CSA2 1956 Sanskar Kendra Kocharab, Paldi Le Corbusier
CSA3 1995 Hussain Doshi Gufa Navrangpura B.V.Dhoshi
Figure 6-1 Location of Museums from the Ahmedabad
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6.2. Gandhi Ashram
Figure 6-2 Gandhi Ashram

Gandhi Ashram is museum that designed as demonstrating Indian context (refer Figure
no.6-2). This museum has specific and simple and also expandable and adjustable design
because it has very simple cluster which can me modify as per future need. So, this
museum doesn’t have that narcissistic characteristics in it (refer Table no.6-1). But for
that time of period material of the museum is new and unique in a way also details make
it more efficient as design.
Table 6-1 Analysis of Gandhi Ashram

Charles Correa made cluster design for Gandhi Ashram to
establish good and efficient design for ashram as Gandhiji has
simplicity in him. So form is not loud and brutal its flow with
its context and nature and that’s way scale of the museum is
goes horizontally spreads on site.
Form / scale
Colour Material/texture
In museum every material is Wooden doors, stone floors,
exposed and has their own ceramic tile roofs, and brick
natural colour. columns are the palette of the
building.
Tools
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Entrance Light
Museum is flow with its There is no glass window
site’s nature and its context, used light is bring from
that’s why there is no operable wooden louvers.
Building components efficient on entrance of the

museum.
Asymmetry/ Geometry Circulation
Plan has composition of Plan has simple square which
squares which make make circulation very simple
geometry simple but not in and user friendly. Semi
symmetry it has windy covered roof lead to the
pattern to give experience to visitors for better circulation.
the visitor.

Hierarchy Detail
Same roof pattern and height Load bearing brick columns
is used to make simple and support concrete channels
pleasant hierarchy. which supports roof and
direct rainwater.
Transparency/Façade Light
Correa’s design of clusters The hierarchy and contextual
which change from enclosure design make museum very
to semi open gives light and pleasant in
transparency to the museum. appearance.
Elevation
The site is on the bank of the Sabarmati River which is part of
the Gandhi Ashram. It is also combined into Ashram’s
garden. This site location has its prominent future which also
make the Ashram more significant.
Site location
The main design strategy is that every building cluster have a
windy pattern which create a pathway and give direction to
the visitor to end up lead towers centre of the water body.
Design strategy
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6.3. Sanskar Kendra
Figure 6-3 Sanskar Kendra

Sanskar Kendra is museum that designed as one single block to exhibited old city culture
which makes identity to the city (refer Figure no.6-2). This volumetric museum is climate
responsive design for Ahmedabad. Museum has independent structure which makes
building more flexible for future expansion (refer Table no.6-3). Strategically form spiral
circulation so that visitor experience whole museum in one go.
Table 6-2 Analysis of Sanskar Kendra

Le Corbusier designed one square volume which has
independent structure and brick wall is form as partition wall.
Exposed material gives brutal look to the museum. Museum
is square cubical volume on pilots which makes it floating
volumetric appearance to the visitor.
Form / scale
In museum every material is Exposed brick and concrete
exposed and has their own structure which has its own
natural colour. natural texture
Tools
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Entrance Light
The museum’s volume is on In museum there is very
pilots from which one beautiful detail to bring
entered into an open court. natural light in the exhibition
There is a ramp which give space.
direction to the exhibition
Building components area.
Symmetry/ Geometry Circulation
Simple square plan and Plan has very simple
symmetric plan which is very geometry which makes spiral
simple in geometry. circulation so visitor can go
through whole exhibition in
one go.

Hierarchy Detail
From exterior one cannot There is very special detail
judge its hierarchy which is for light and also for
inside. Double height and structure.
magerlinr floor make space
more interacting.
Transparency/façade Heavy
Museum only has long slites Museum’s volume is on
of opening which make pilots and that exposed brick
museum opaque. volume gives very heavy
Elevation look to the museum.
Site location is centre of the Ahmedabad which make very
prominent location for the museum for design. Museum has
exhibited culture of Ahmedabad which gives the identity to
the city and museum.
Site location
Design of this museum is very climate responsive because
Ahmedabad climate need that kind of design that why Le
Corbusier design big courtyard in the centre with the water
body to give cool climate for the museum.
Design strategy
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6.4. Hussain Doshi Gufa
Figure 6-4 Hussain Doshi Gufa

Hussain Doshi Gufa is designed for well-known artist Maqbool Fida Husain. So, there is
attempt to make interesting form which relate both art and architecture. (refer Figure
no.6-2). Gufa is constructed in very unique method for that time. Hussain Doshi Gufa
also give the sense to the people that now it’s time to design advance structure in India.
Its also give sense of narcissistic characterises in design (refer Table no.6-3).
Table 6-3 Analysis of Hussain Doshi Gufa

B.V.Doshi designed Gufa with very interesting design
strategy with make Gufa very dynamic and from inside its
look like old Gufa. Gallery is underground and spread
horizontally which makes it more or organism appearance
which marge with the landscape.
Form / scale
White mosaic is use in The construction material is
exterior with black snake handmade reinforcing bars
shape pattern. and wire mesh covered with
ferro-cement.
Tools
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Entrance Light
Indirect entry from one In Gufa natural light comes
opening on dome which take through the lithe wells which
visitor downstairs in main opens on ground level of the
gallery to give mysterious Gufa and openings are all
experience to the visitor. sides of the gallery so its give
light for whole day.
Building components
Asymmetry/ Geometry Circulation
Plan doesn’t have symmetry From outside its look
and geometry is interestingly different domes but from
compose and overlap of inside its one entity which
domes which are different in has simple circulation.
shape and size.
Hierarchy Detail
Different height and size of Structure and light well detail
dome gives very significant is very unique and advanced.
Design elements in section hierarchy to the Gufa.
Transparency/façade Light
Structure is in underground Underground structure with
so Gufa doesn’t have dynamic design makes
transparency inside the gallery light in appearance.
gallery.
Elevation
Location of the Gufa is in area where many universities are
present which make location prominent for the Gallery.
Gufa’s unusual design and structure make the area more
efficient for social and cultural and give identity to that area.
Site location
Design strategy for Gufa is contemporary design with ancient
and natural theme which make this Gufa very unique in its
own way. Design challenges is to corresponds with art and
architecture to make unexpected design idea.
Design strategy
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6.5. Inferences
Considering above case studies analysis, qualitative inference is providing in below (refer
Table No.6-4). Analysis of case studies give idea of narcissistic characterises of the
museum. Form the qualitative analysis there is idea that which indicator has prominent
effect in museum and which don’t have that emphasis. After Indian museum, museum of
Ahmedabad gives idea of changing in timeline. Gandhi Ashram to Gufa there is huge
difference in designing strategy and method which give advancement to the city and its
identity and also has some narcissistic characteristics in it. Gandhi Ashram doesn’t have
that much narcissistic feature then Sanskar Kendra and Hussain Doshi Gufa has.
Table 6-4 Qualitative Analysis of Case studies form the Ahmedabad

Indicators CSA1 CSA2 CSA3
Form/ Scale Contextual Volumetric Dynamic
Tools Colours Natural Natural White mosaic
Materials New for that time Regular material Mosaic on ferro-

Texture with natural texture and its texture cement structure
Building Entrance Not emphasis Emphasis Emphasis

components
Light Significant Significant Significant
Design elements in Geometry Simple Simple Dynamic

plan
Circulation Simple Simple Simple
Design element in Hierarchy Not significant Not significant Significant

section
Details Structure which also Openings for bring Structure and
harvest water natural light openings
Elevation /façade Transparency Opaque Opaque
Light Heavy Light
Site location On bank of Centre of the city Museum doesn’t

Sabarmati river and first museum of have significant site
which makes Ahmedabad culture but unique design
museum more which create identity makes identity of the
identical for the city city
Design strategy Contextual design as If will see time Not contextual
per program and site period then for that because its dynamic
need time its not that design makes it
contextual different from its
surrounding.
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and program three of all museums have its own unique feature. Gandhi Ashram is very
contextual building for now a day but because of its location it has that impact of identity
for the city. Considering Sanskar Kendra it is not that contextual because of its volumetric
and massive form and in last Hussain Doshi Gufa has many Narcissistic characteristics
which make Gufa unique from other and from its surrounding (refer Table no.6-5).
Table 6-5 Rating of Museum from the Ahmedabad

CS1 Gandhi Ashram ●○○○○
CS2 Sanskar Kendra ●●●○○
CS3 Hussain Doshi Gufa ●●●●○
6.6. Theoretical Framework

In the thesis, one can see all kind of building and their narcissistic characteristics. From
there its derived that in museum the characterises are more for narcissism. In end of the
literature part there is the conceptual framework where one can see the indicator which
make one building a narcissistic building as per what I learn in literature study. To give
more understanding to that indicator there are case studies to apply that indicator to see that
the particular museum is narcissistic or not if narcissistic then how much narcissistic
characteristics in the particular museum and also examine the indicators that which
indicator is more significant in all the museum and which are not. in literature study there
is conceptual understanding initially where find the indicators after examine all indicators
in case studies here is final theoretical understanding where final filtered indicators are
defining (refer Table no.7-1). These indicators are based on mainly from primary case
studies where these indicators are examined. In the case studies, there are different kind of
museum and from different places from world from there it is derive that when one will
compare the museum building with their surrounding and it will very different or unique
from surrounding it seems more narcissistic then other which doesn’t have that dense
context near there surrounding. case studies from Ahmedabad analysis derives that there is
not much narcissistic characteristics in this museum accept Hussain Doshi Gufa.
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Table 6-6 Theoretical Framework for Study of Narcissistic Architecture of Museum

No. Indicators Defining the indicator Manifestation of the
Indicators
1 Form/Scale From and scale gives the building

its volume which can be brutal or
dynamic. Building can be in any
form and scale but Fluidly,
volumetric, monumental, etc.
important is that buildings have its
unusual look from its surrounding.
2 Tools Colours Building has monotonise in colour
or has many colours. Generally,
colour is depending on what
material has been used in building
or partially different colours can be
used to give some effect.
Materials Building made with combination
Texture of different material which can be
exposed or not. most of the time
building material gives texture to
the building.
3 Building Entrance Entrance is very important part in

components any building it can be design in
different ways. It is more emphasis
or it is flowing with the building
form or it also can be indirect to
give experience to the visitors.
Light In any building play of light gives
different experience throughout the
space to the visitor. Natural light is
essential part of building. Play of
light give connection to the nature.
4 Design Geometry Geometry of plan gives particular
elements in form to the building. When it
plan
elevates in 3d it gives overall mass
and volume to the building.
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Circulation Circulation has important role in

plan which gives experience to the
visitors.it gives direction to the
users to move around in museum.
5 Design Hierarchy In building section there is

element in hierarchy which give particular
section
form to the overall building and
create specific kind of volume. If
it’s unusual, it gives different look
to the museum then its
surrounding.
Details In building section there will be
different kind of details which
make one building detail different
from the other. That can be unique
feature of the museum.
6 Elevation Transparency Building façade decides that
/façade building has transparency or

opaqueness. Façade design gives
attractive look to the museum.
Heavy/ light Building elevation and façade

gives heaviness or lightness to the
building. It is depending on
transparency and opaqueness of the
building with particular scale.
7 Site location It is very important to see that
where is the museum located. It is
located where river or city meets or
it is centre in the city or it is
isolated form the city. Surrounding
of museum decides its uniqueness
from its contexts.
8 Design strategy Designing a museum is important
to the place because its shows
identity of that place so that
museum is design as per the
contextual need. It can be design as
per context need but the form and
scale can be the unusual.
93
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7. Conclusion
7.1. About the Thesis

This thesis is done due to curiosity about the impact of the culture of selfie and narcissism
in human life. This thesis has four objectives to achieve an understanding of the concepts.
The starting point of the thesis is to know how selfie culture has its impact on human life
and its surroundings. However, selfie culture leads me to the understanding of narcissism
in human personality. Further, this world of social media makes people showcase their
uniqueness and represent oneself in the form of a selfie. Narcissism is also increasing in all
the aspect of human life, that’s where architecture takes place. However, this thesis has to
focus on the architectural part of the human aspect there is an objective to understand
narcissism in architecture style. Further, this thesis is conducted through three methods and
using those methods finding are drawn for the objectives set up in the next chapter.
7.2. Findings
This thesis started with my curiosity to know how selfie culture has its impact on human
life which is also one of the objectives of the thesis. A literature study is a method used to
achieve this objective. However, the selfie culture is very recent and can only be explained
by a theoretical base. Lacan’s theory of the mirror stage is one of the major theories for
understanding the psychology of humans. Further, with Lacan’s theory and comparing his
theory with today’s selfie culture, one can understand that nowadays people have a
tendency to represent themselves as close to perfect as they can be. Still, there is no precise
study on selfie culture except the number of people using the selfie and posting in social
media to communicate with the world. However, one can definitely tell that selfie culture
is one of the major causes of increasing narcissistic trait in humans.
The thesis has derived that culture of taking a selfie as a major aspect of the narcissism.
One more thing which needs to be understood how it affects in the human surrounding.
However, human life is mostly surrounded by place where they live or they go. Therefore,
architecture comes in place to understand the effect of narcissism in it. Hence, to understand
narcissism in architecture literature study is used as one of the methods. Further, from the
95
historical timeline and current scenario of architecture, one can understand that narcissism
is not recent but began during the Renaissance period. While there was no selfie culture,
there were mirrors which had the same impact as a selfie. After these studies, there is a
study of all kinds of buildings around the world to understand narcissistic characteristics in
the building. It is derived here that museum architecture has more number of narcissistic
characteristics as compared to other types of buildings.
Museum architecture needs to be understood through narcissistic characteristics. This is

where the conceptual framework was made from the theoretical understanding of literature
study. The conceptual framework is used to examine cases of the museum around the
world, India and Ahmedabad which is the method to examine museum architecture in brief.
After examining every case study, the conceptual framework is refined into the theoretical
framework. The theoretical framework gives final indicators with the help of these
indicators one can examine any museum around the world.
7.3. Learning
This thesis is a curiosity driven study. So, to understand narcissism my first approach was
to design a museum with the narcissistic approach. However, I realised that without proper
understanding and precise framework designing a museum is pointless. Hence, this thesis
which is a research based one gives a proper understanding of narcissism and its
characteristics in the building. The final theoretical framework is found by analysis of a
series of case studies which give a precise idea of narcissistic characterizes from which
anyone can further develop a design strategy.
The findings of the thesis give more insight into this concept of selfie culture and
narcissism. Most people were discussing that today’s generation becomes narcissistic and
self-centre but in today’s fast, digital and competition driven world how do one will present
their self with bold and strong expression? Social media and selfie culture are the ways to
communicate with the external world that they are unique, attractive and they have the
ability to do something new and unusual. Selfie culture is one of the aspects of narcissism.
So, after seeing all the effect of selfie culture one can understand narcissism little more.
While narcissism trait is increasing one can see its effect in everywhere. However, the
thesis is focuses on the architecture which is why there is literature on the timeline of history
96
to current architecture style from this study there is understanding which developed.
Narcissism is not a recent epidemic; it has its mark on history.
Narcissism can be seen in all type of buildings and designs but shown in literature study,
one can see that in the museum the ratio of narcissistic characteristics is little higher than
other types of building. Museum has a purpose to objectify anything that is showcased. The
museum also represents the whole area or city by its presence. So, the museum creates the
identity of that place or city that’s why museum building is also designed attractive so that
one can easily recognize the museum and the place.
This thesis will understand that one small change in culture affects a lot in the overall
growth of society. The selfie culture started with a small purpose of taking a picture to see
one’s self as a whole. But this attempt to take pictures of one’s self became the trend in the
present world that’s how one express ourselves or communicate with pictures. These days’
people also take care about how their background will look in their selfie because they want
to express them self and give an idea to the world that what is their style of living? People
take a selfie when they feel they look perfect or the place is perfect to make their selfie
perfect. Further, to make one self-perfect there is the thing which has to be perfect around
them which leads to the architecture part of the concept. Also there is a study on all types
of building to give precise learning. After that the case studies examine the conceptual
framework to check whether the framework has proper indicators or it needs refinement.
The whole process of the thesis culminates into a final theoretical work which is to examine
a museum from anywhere. However, there might be some impact on the findings due to
difference in place and culture. Hence, through selfie culture, narcissism and their
relationship with architecture this thesis gives me an understanding which I can develop
further in the future. Lastly the way in which the thesis can be taken forward is mentioned
below.
7.4. Way forward

There are many aspects of the thesis that can be carried forward. One major aspect is one
can take the theoretical framework from the thesis and develop design strategy out of it.
However, if one wants continue a research study, one can take this theoretical framework
and can develop it further to understand the subject. However, this thesis has focused on
97
museum architecture but one can take any type of building like, residential, public space,
commercial, etc. even, the context of the case study can be changed too and one might get
more indicators for the subject. So, there are many ways to take this thesis forward as per
one’s interest.
Narcissism is a term which is not recent in its use. However, there are many studies on this
term as a psychological aspect but not in the subject of architecture. So, this thesis is my
try is to bring both psychological understanding and architectural aspect together to
understand narcissism in architecture. Further, it’s also beneficial for society to understand
how selfie culture affects human life. There is a very precise study on the concept of
narcissism and selfie culture from which one can further develop their own perception and
study. This study of narcissism in architecture has currently developed a concept which
doesn’t have a strong database. This thesis gives precise study and database to the one who
is interested in the concept of narcissism in architecture. However, the limitation of time
poses barrier to the extent of the study.
98
Commented [TP43]: Problem in Heading1

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https://simonastridge.com/journal/2017/05/narcissistic-sadistic-masochistic-architect
(accessed on 30/01/19 12:00)
https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects (accessed on 30/01/19 12:00)
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/experience-music-project/ (accessed on 30/01/19

12:00)
https://www.nbmcw.com/articles/architects-project-watch/29041-khalsa-heritage-centre-
a-mammoth-museum.html (accessed on 30/01/19 12:00)
https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cvzmc/_virasatekhalsa_designed_by_moshe_safdie_
becomes_mostvisited_museum_in_india_within_5_years.html (accessed on 30/01/19
12:00)
101
https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/amdavad-ni-gufa_o (accessed on
11/05/19 02:30)
https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-179730 (accessed on 11/05/19 02:30)
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Postmodern_architecture (accessed on
30/01/19 12:00)
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Chapter 2
Chapter 3
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Chapter 6 (6.2)
Chapter 6 (6.3)
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Chapter 6 (6.4)
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About the Author
Tejasvi Raval is very fascinated by the selfie culture as she is a part of this culture. She
had no idea about the impact of this culture on human life. Eventually, her professor
suggests her to take up this fascination as her thesis topic. During the thesis she realises
that this culture of taking a selfie has a huge impact on human psychology and
surroundings. Everyone debates about today’s generation being narcissistic but the fact is
that in today’s competition riddled and individualistic world one needs to shine out from
the ordinary. However, there are no in-depth studies of narcissism and architecture; she
contributes her research for the future generations as documentation of the time period.
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2019 SALArchThesis - Narcissism - Tejasvi

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Commented [TP1]: Enrolment no (143561050054) -

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Figure 1-1 Research triangle ................................................................................................ 4

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Table 2-1 Tentative Schedule of the Thesis ....................................................................... 16

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To achieve these objectives the following methods are applied;

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Methodological scope: In understanding narcissism in museum the thesis concentrates on

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1.6. Structure of Thesis Commented [TP14]: Subheading (Format Problem)

Figure 1-2 Structure of the Thesis

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Figure 2-1 strategy for thesis

Figure 2-2 Methodology

2.3. Literature Commented [TP18]: Subheading (Format Problem)

Literature study is a method of including practical findings, as well as theoretical and

Figure 2-3 literature study overview

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2.5. Primary Case Studies Commented [TP20]: Subheading (Format Problem)

Table 2-1 Tentative Schedule of the Thesis

Primary case study

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3.2. Origin of the concepts

Figure 3-1 Narcissism in present age

3.2.1. Origin of the term Selfie Commented [TP22]: Spelling Mistake

3.2.2. Origin of the term Narcissism

Freud (1914-91) published his essay On Narcissism: An introduction. To him narcissism

3.3. Selfie as Social Mirror

Figure 3-2 Selfie as Social Mirror

3.3.1. Lacan Theory of Mirror Stage

i. Lacan’s mirror stage ii. Today’s selfie stage

3.3.2. Social Media, Selfie Culture and Society

3.3.3. Selfie Culture and Narcissism

Figure 3-5 Background come in picture for selfie culture

Self-design means rephrasing inner self, psychological, attitudes or interests on external

3.4. Narcissism in Architecture

3.4.1. History of Architecture (Timeline)

i. St.Peter's Basilica ii. Mona Lisa iii. Vitruvian man

Figure 3-7 Medici Riccardi Palace, Florance

Mannerism (1527-1580), Mannerist artists focus on style and technique overshadowed

Baroque (1600- 1750), is an elaborate new architectural style lavished building.

i. Plan ii. Section

Figure 3-10 San carlo alle quattro fontane, Borromini, Rome

Art Nouveau (1890-1910) The distinguishing ornamental characteristic of Art Nouveau is

i. Elevation iii. Plan

Architecture particularly shows this synthesis of ornament and structure; a liberal

Beaux Art (1895-1925) and architecture

simple at plan level and focused on

Expressionism (1905-1920) emerged as a

ii. Section iii. Form

characterised by its highly decorative, and loud

ii. Section iii. Elevation

3.4.2. Narcissism in Present Architecture Style

i. Zaha Hadid ii. Frank Gehry

i. Exterior of UTS building ii. staircase of UTS

i. Au Pantheon by JR ii. museum of 3D paintings in Asia iii. Megafaces pavilion

3.4.3. Narcissism in All Building type

Location of the site chosen strategically because