East iDelta iUniversity iAssignment iAssessment iGuideline

Course iTitle: Bangladesh, iCulture iand iHeritage Course iCode: BCH i101

Program: BBA Section: 01;02

Student’s iName: Mohammad iIrfanul iHoque Student iID: 192000502

Assignment 10 iMarks Assignment iNo(s): 01

iWeight:

Assignment Discussion iand iAnalysis ion iBritish iBengal iand ithe iLiberation iWar iof iBangladesh
iTitle(s):

Instructor: Ridoan iKarim Submission 30th iOctober, i2019

iDeadline:

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ireferencing iother ipeople's iwork ican iconstitute iplagiarism.

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Only ithe iCourse iInstructor ior iProgram iCoordinator imay igrant ian iextension.
Learning iOutcomes

1. The iassignment iattempts ito icreate ithe iability ito iunderstand iall ithe ikey ipoints, itheories iand
idiscussions ion ithe idomain iknowledge irelated ito ithis ispecific icourse. i

2. The iassignment iprovided iwill itest ithe icritical iand iproblem-solving iability iof ithe istudent iwhich iis
ivery imuch irequired iin itoday’s ilearning ienvironment.

3. The iassignment ishould ibe iable ito ievaluate ithe iinnovativeness iof ithe istudents; ihence, isuch ia
itask imight ihelp ithem ito iput itheir ileadership iability iin iwriting iand idemonstrate iprocess ithat ithe

istudents iare iindirectly ilearning ithe imotivational itools iof iresearch iwrite-up. i i

4. The iassignment inot ionly iprovides ia igeneral iidea ion ia ispecific itopic, iinstead iit ialso iprovides ia
iglobal ipicture irelating i to isuch igiven itopic. iSuch ia iglobal iimage iwill ihelp ithem iunderstand ithe

icurrent iinternational ibusiness ior iliterary itrends iand ieventually imake ithem ia iglobal icitizen. i

5. The iassignments ishould imotivate ithe istudents ito ibe imore icareer-oriented iand ihelp ithem ito
iunderstand ithe ireal-life iscenarios. i
Table of Contents
i i

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
The iBritish iPeriod, ic. i1700–1947 .............................................................................................................. 4
Partition iof iIndian iSub-Continent ............................................................................................................ 6
Pakistan iPeriod iin iBangladesh ................................................................................................................. 7
Liberation iWar iof iBangladesh .................................................................................................................. 8
The iReasons ifor iwar ............................................................................................................................ 9
The iWar............................................................................................................................................... 9
The iVictory ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................. 11
References ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Introduction

Bangladesh, idefinitively iknown ias ithe iPeople's iRepublic iof iBangladesh, iis ia ifree ination iarranged
i in iSouth iAsia. iIt imakes iup ithe ieastern iand i most iunmistakable ipiece iof ithe iethnic-phonetic i locale

iof iBengal. iIt iis iorchestrated iat ithe iapex iof ithe iBay i of iBengal iand ioutlined i by i Myanmar iand iIndia,

iand isecluded i from iBhutan iand iNepal i by ithe ithin iSiliguri iCorridor. i

The istandard iof ithe iBritish iEast iIndia iCompany ibegan iin i1757, iand ithe iBengal iPresidency iwas
iformed i in i1765 iwith i its icapital i in i Calcutta. iDuring i British iresidency, iEast iBengal ideveloped ia

ihouse ieconomy ithat iconcentrated ion itea iage, iand i jute itrade iand i its i idea i in ithe istock iof i jute irose i in

ithe i mid-twentieth icentury. iIn i1905, iconfined iBritish iBengal iand iset iup ithe iadministrative idivision

iof iEastern iBengal iand i Assam. iThis idistributing i incited ithe iSwadeshi iadvancement idrove iby ithe

iIndian iNational iCongress, iand i in i1911, ithe idivision idropped i(Spain Exchange, 2019). i

Present-day iBangladesh iturned iout ias ia isovereign icountry iin i1971 iin ithe iwake iof iparting
iendlessly iand igrabbing iopportunity i from iPakistan i in ithe iBangladesh iopportunity iwar. iIts

iunderlying ihistory idepicted i by i inside idoing icombating, ia i movement iof iIndian idomains, iand ia

ibattle iamong iBuddhism i and iHinduism i for iprevalence. iThe iedges iof ipresent-day i Bangladesh

iformed iafter ithe ipackage iof iIndia iand iBengal i in i August i1947, iwhen ithe iregion iended iup i being

iEast iPakistan ias ia izone iof ithe ias iof i late isettled iState iof iPakistan i following ithe iRadcliff i Line. iThe

iname iBangladesh i from ithe ioutset iformed ias itwo iwords, iBangla iDesh. iBangla i is ia iwatchword ifor

iboth ithe iBengali i language iand ithe iBengal i locale. iThe iexact iwellspring iof ithe iterm i is, iregardless,

inot iknown. iUnderneath, ia isegment iof ithe ibasic ievents iall ithrough ithe iwhole ipresence iof

iBangladesh, i has i been iexplained ito isummarize ithings (Spain Exchange, 2019).

The British Period, c. 1700–1947

i i i i

During ithe istandard iof ithe isovereign iAurangzeb i(controlled i1658–1707), ithe iEnglish iEast iIndia
iCompany iwas ipermitted ito idevelop i its ibase iat iCalcutta i(Kolkata). iThe iBritish igrabbed iquality i in

ithe ilocale ias ithe iMughal i space icrippled. iIn i1757, iafter ia ibattle i in ithe itown iof iPlassey i between

iforces idrove iby i British iwarrior iRobert iClive iand ithe i Mughal inawab i(emissary) iSirāj-ud-Dawlah,

ithe iEast iIndia iCompany icreated ias ithe ipredominant ipolitical ipower i in iSuba iBangalah. iUnder

iGov.- iGen. iCharles i Cornwallis i(served i1786–93), ian ienduring isettlement isystem iwas i set iup i in ithe

ispace—by iand i by icalled ithe iBengal iPresidency—whereby iproperty irights isurrendered i in

iconstancy ito iclose i by izamindars i(landowners). iThis iproperty iapproach, iby isuggestion, ivivified ithe

iadvancement iof ianother i landed ioffice iclass—especially i in iCalcutta—called ithe i bhandralok. iFrom
ithe istart, ithe ibhandralok iinstructed iby iupper-position iHindus, ibe ithat ias iit imay, ithe iMuslim
icloseness ibegan ito iincrease iaround ithe icompletion iof ithe inineteenth icentury. iIn itime, ithis iregular

iworkers icreated ias ithe i most iunique isupporter iof iIndian iself-government i(Encyclopedia Britannica,

2019). i

The idomain iof iBengal iwas iessentially itesting ito icoordinate, iimpressively iafter iAssam imade ian
ialternate iterritory i in i1874. iIn i1905, iall ithings iconsidered, iat ithe iaction iof ithe iemissary iGeorge

iNathaniel iCurzon, itwo inew iareas iwere i made, iobviously ion ia igeopolitical ireason; ithese idomains

iwere iWestern iBengal, i including iBihar iand iOrissa, iand iEastern iBengal iand i Assam. i With i its icapital

iat iCalcutta, iWestern iBengal i had ia iHindu i increasingly icritical ipart, iwhile ithe iterritory iof iEastern

iBengal iand i Assam, iwith i its icapital i at iDhaka, iwas ioverwhelmingly iMuslim. iClose ito iextending

i legitimate i viability, iCurzon's i move iwas iwanted ito iarrange ithe iMuslims ias ia istabilizer ito ithe

iHindus. i

The ibundle ievoked ivociferous idispute iin iWestern iBengal, iespecially iin iCalcutta, iwhere ithe iIndian
iNational iCongress i(also icalled ithe iCongress iParty, i molded i in i1885) iexpected ian iastounding

iactivity. iIndian iMuslim ipioneers, inevertheless, igenerally, ireinforced ithe isection, iand i in i1906 ithey

icollected iat iDhaka iunder ithe i help iof iNawab iSalimullah iand iset iup ithe i All-India iMuslim i League.

iTheir iundertakings iconfirmed i separate ielectorates iand iseparate idemocratic isocioeconomics i for ithe

iMuslims iunder ithe isecured ichanges iof i1909; i be ithat ias iit imay, ithey icouldn't iextra ithe isection. iIn

i1912 ithe idivision iwas i nullified, i Bihar iand iOrissa i involved i into ianother iterritory, iand i Assam icame

iback ito iits idiverse istatus. i

Following ithe ireunification iof iBengal, ithe iCongress iParty iand ithe iMuslim iLeague icoordinated ifor
iself-government; iamong ithe ipioneers iof ithis ieffort iwere iNawab iSalimullah, iChitta iRanjan iDas,

iFazl iul-Haq, iand iSarat iChandra iBose. i Aggregate ithreats ireappeared i in ithe i mid-1920s, i in iany icase,

i in ithe iwake iof ia ibesieged iquiet igame iplan ibetween ithe iIndian iMuslim i front iknown ias ithe iKhilafat

iMovement iand ithe iHindu-drove iIndian i nationalist iNoncooperation iMovement iunder iMohandas

iKaramchand i(Mahatma) iGandhi. iConsequently, ito iachieve ipolitical igoals, i it igot iessential ito igrasp

icoalition itechniques ithat iwould itranscend iaggregate ithreats; ithe ilawmaker iwho iexhibited i most

icapable iat ithis iwas iFazl iul-Haq, i manager ipriest i of iBengal i from i1937 ito i1943. iHe iset iup i his

iPeasants iand iTenants i(Krishak iProja) iParty iand i surrounded ia icoalition iwith ithe i Muslim iLeague. iIn

i1940, iat ithe igathering's i yearly icollecting iat iLahore, iFazl iul-Haq iproposed ithe ialleged i"Pakistan

iResolution," i mentioning i free istates ifor iMuslims. iThe i following i year, iregardless, ihe iremoved i from

ithe iMuslim i League; i he i formed ianother icoalition i and icontinued i filling i in ias i supervisor i minister

i(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019). i

In i1942 inew ialters iof ipolitical italk ibegan. iWith icool iheaded ichoices iin i1946, ithe iMuslim iLeague
ireturned ito icontrol iunder ithe iorganization iof iHussain iShaheed iSuhrawardy, iwho, ialong ithese i lines,
ibecame imanager iminister iof iBengal. iIn iAugust iof ithat iyear, ia iphenomenal iMuslim-Hindu
iaggregate iconflict itransmitted i in iCalcutta, iand i it, iat i last, ispread iwell ipast ithe iedges iof iBengal. iThis

ievent igot itogether iwith iexpanded iand iunfruitful itrades i between ithe ivarious iget-togethers, icaused

ithe ipackage iof iIndia ito iappear ito ibe i inevitable. iSuhrawardy, iSarat iChandra iBose, iand ia icouple iof

iother iundeniable ipolitical ipioneers iresuscitated igame iplans i for ian iunmistakable, i independent,

i joined iBengal. i

In iMarch i1947, iLouis iMountbatten itransformed iinto ithe ilast iemissary iof iBritish iIndia, iwith ian
iorder ito imove ipowers. iAs ithoughts ianticipated ithe iportion iof iIndia, iMohammed i Ali i Jinnah, ia i main

ifigure iof ithe iMuslim i League, i maintained i for ithe iadvancement iof ia i brought itogether iBengal;

iMountbatten iwas i not iagainst ithe i idea, i yet iMahatma iGandhi iand ithe iCongress iParty i negated i it.

iRight iwhen iBritish icommon i standard icompleted i in i August i1947, itwo inew icountries—India iand

iPakistan—were i imagined, iand iBengal iwas ipart ibetween ithem. i West iBengal iwent ito iIndia, iand

iEast iBengal iconfined ithe ieastern iwing iof iPakistan, iwhich iwas icut iup iby ia itremendous itract iof

inorthern iIndia (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019).

Partition of Indian Sub-Continent

i i i

As ithe iclock istruck iearly iafternoon ion iAugust i15, i1947, icelebratory ishouts iof ichance ifrom
iwilderness irule iwere ioverpowered iby ithe icalls iof i millions irapidly i making itheir iway ithrough ithe

ibody i littered iscene iof iearly iIndia iand iPakistan. i After i more ithan ione i hundred i years iof iBritish iEast

iIndia iCompany irule iand ian iadditional i90 i years iof ithe iBritish i Raj, ithe iIndian isubcontinent ihad

ifinally iachieved iIndependence. iWhat ishould i have i been ia idepiction iof idesignated itriumph

ifollowing ia i long itime iof iagainst icommonplace i fight i for iall itime idestroyed iby i mind i boggling

iviciousness iand ibutchery. i

Up ito i2,000,000, ipeople ilost itheir ilives iin ithe imost ihorrendous iof ipropensities. iThe iclouded iscene
ibore icalm ionlooker ito itrains ioverloaded iwith ithe idead, idecapitated ibodies, i limbs istrewn iat ithe

iedges iof i lanes, iand iwanton iattack iand iplundering. iThere iwas i nothing ithat icould i have

i masterminded ithe iapproximately i14 i million ioutcasts ifor ithis iterrible idream. iThe i1947 iPartition iof

ithe iIndian isubcontinent i into ithe i free i nations iof iHindu-lion's ioffer iIndia iand iMuslim-prevailing

ipart iPakistan i joined i by ione iof ithe i most icritical i mass idevelopments i in i mankind's i history iand

iviolence ion ia iscale ithat ihad iuniquely ievery ionce i in ia iwhile iobserved ialready. i As ithe iareas iof ithe

iPunjab iand iBengal iwere isatisfactorily i section i fifty-fifty, iaround i7,000,000 iHindus iand iSikhs iand

i7,000,000 iMuslims iended iup i in ian iunseemly icountry. iTolerating ithey iwould ireturn i"home,"

ivarious i families isurrendered itheir iadvantages i before ithey istuffed iup itheir iessential i impacts iand
ibegan ithe itrek ito iIndia ior iWest ior iEast iPakistan i(by iand iby iBangladesh). iNumerous ifamilies inever
i made i it i(Perkins, 2017). i

How icould ineighboring isystems, iacquainted iwith imany ilong iperiods iof irelative iamicability, ihave
iout iof ithe iblue iturned iso i mercilessly iupon ione ianother? iOne icould idenounce ithe iJuly i15, i1947

idecision i by ithe iBritish ito ihand iover icontrol ionly i a i month i later ion iAugust i15, i1947, ia iwhole iten

i months isooner ithan ianticipated. iOne icould i blame ithe i immediately idrawn iedges, iwhich iwere i made

iby ia iBritish i lawful icounsel, iSir iCyril i Radcliffe, iwho irequired ikey i learning iof iIndia iand iwas

ienabled ionly i five iweeks ito iredraw iall iof ithe iedges i of iSouth iAsia. iOne icould iaccuse ithe iverifiably

iopposing italk ithat iwent iwith ithe irising iof iHindu iand iMuslim ienergy ior ithe isegment iand irule

icourses iof iaction iof ithe i British (Perkins, 2017).

Pakistan Period in Bangladesh

i i i

The iDominion iof iPakistan, iincluding iWest iPakistan iand iEast iPakistan i(Province iof iEast iBengal),
iwas iauthoritatively ichosen i August i14, i1947. iSir iFrederick iChalmers iBourne i named iGovernor iof

iEast iBengal, iand i Khawaja iNazimudin iof ithe iMuslim iLeague i(ML) iselected ias iChief iMinister iof

ithe iProvince iof iEast iBengal ion i August i14, i1947. iOn iDecember i8, i1947, iunderstudies iat ithe

iUniversity iof iDhaka i mentioned ithat iBengali i made i an iofficial i language iof iPakistan. iUnderstudies

iat ithe iUniversity iof iDhaka idealt iwith ia igeneral istrike ion iMarch i11, i1948. iAgent iGeneral iand

iPresident iof ithe iPakistan iConstituent iAssembly i Muhammad i Ali iJinnah iarticulated ithat iUrdu

iwould i be ithe iessential iauthority i language iof iPakistan iduring ia italk i in iDhaka i(Dacca), iEast

iPakistan, ion iMarch i24, i1948. iAgent iGeneral iMuhammad i Ali iJinnah ikicked ithe icontainer ion

iSeptember i11, i1948, iand iChief iMinister iKhwaja iNazimuddin itook iover ias iGovernor-General iof

iPakistan ion iSeptember i14, i1948. iNurul i Amin iof ithe iML iwas ichosen ias iChief iMinister ion iEast

iBengal ion iSeptember i15, i1948 (University of Central Arkansas, 2019). i

The iAwami iMuslim iLeague i(AML) iwas iset iup iin iDhaka i(Dacca), iEast iPakistan iby iMaulana
iBhashani, iShamsul iHuq, iand iSheik i Mujibur iRahman ion i June i23, i1949. iSir i Feroz iKhan iNoon

iassigned ias iGovernor iof iEast iBengal ion iMarch i31, i1950. iOn iJanuary i26, i1952, ia iboard iof ithe

iPakistan i Constituent iAssembly irecommended ithat iUrdu ibe ithe i main iposition i language iof

iPakistan. iOn iJanuary i30, i1952, iBengali iunderstudies iand iothers iset iup ithe iBhasha i Andolon

i(Bengali i language) i improvement ifor ithe iaffirmation iof iBengali ias ia i national i language i in

iPakistan. iPioneer iKhwaja iNazimuddin, iwho iwas iof iBengali iorigination, isupported iUrdu ias ithe

inational i language ion i February i21, i1952. iGovernment ipolice iand iunderstudy idemonstrators

iclashed i in iDhaka i(Dacca) ion iFebruary i21-23, i1952, iachieving ithe ipassings iof iten i individuals.

iChaudhry i Khaliquzzaman ichose ias iGovernor iof iEast iBengal ion i March i31, i1953. iThe iUnited
iFront i(UF) ipartnership, iincluding ithe iAwami iMuslim iLeague i(AML), iKrishak iSramik iParty
i(KSP), iNezam-e-Islam i(NI), iand iGanatantri iDal i(GD), iwas ibased iupon iDecember i4, i1953.

iManagerial ichoices iheld i in iEast iBengal ion iMarch i12, i1954, iand ithe iUF icollusion iwon i223 iout iof

i309 iarranges i in ithe iProvincial i Assembly. i Abul i Kasem i Fazlul iHuq iof ithe iUF ipartnership ichose ias

ithe iChief iMinister iof iEast iBengal ion i April i3, i1954, iIskandar i Ali iMizra ichose ias ithe iGovernor iof

iEast iBengal ion iMay i29, i1954 iand i Abu iHussain iSarkar iof ithe i Krishak iSramik iParty i(KSP) ichose

ias ithe iChief iMinister iof iEast iBengal i in i August i1955. iThe iProvince iof iEast iBengal iwas iseparated

ion iOctober i14, i1955. iOn iFebruary i29, i1956, ithe iPakistan iConstituent iAssembly iasserted ianother

iconstitution-developing ia iPakistani irepublic iwith i both iUrdu iand iBengali ias iauthentic i vernaculars.

iThe iIslamic iRepublic iof iPakistan iauthoritatively ichose iMarch i23, i1956. iGovernment

iarrangement iended ion i Awami i League i(AL) idemonstrators iin iDhaka i(Dacca) ion i August i4, i1956,

iachieving ithe ipassings iof ithree i individuals. iOn iOctober i7, i1958, iPresident iIskandar i Ali iMizra

irepealed ithe i1956 iConstitution iand iconstrained i military i law iwith iGeneral iMuhammad i Ayub

iKhan iappointed ias iChief iMartial i Law i Administrator. iOn iOctober i27, i1958, iGeneral iMuhammad

iAyub i Khan iexpelled iPresident iIskandar i Ali iMizra i and ianticipated ithe iorganization. iPresident

iMuhammad iAyub i Khan ipronounced ianother iconstitution, iwhich igot ipowerful ion iJune i8, i1962.

iThe i AL iand iother i ideological igatherings iset iup ithe iNational iDemocratic iFront i(NDF) ion iOctober

i4, i1962. iPresident iMuhammad iAyub i Khan icensured ithe iself-administration iadvancement i in iEast

iPakistan ion i March i20, i1966, iand iSheik iMujibur iRahman icaught ion i April i18, i1966. iGovernment

ipolice iand idemonstrators iclashed i in iDhaka i(Dacca) iand iNarayanganj ion i June i7, i1966, iachieving

ithe ipassings iof iten i individuals. iSome iplace i in ithe iscope iof i100 i individuals iwere i butchered i in

ipolitical i violence i between iJune i1949 iand i January i 1968 i(University of Central Arkansas, 2019).

Liberation War of Bangladesh

i i i

The iBangladesh iLiberation iWar iin i1971 iwas ifor iself-governance ifrom iPakistan. iIndia iand
iPakistan igot iopportunity i from ithe iBritish irule i in i1947. iPakistan isurrounded i for ithe iMuslims, iand

iIndia ihad ian i increasingly i noteworthy ipiece iof iHindus. iPakistan ihad itwo isegments, iEast iand iWest,

iwhich iwere idisconnected iby iaround i1,000 i miles. iEast iPakistan iwas i basically ithe ieastern i bit iof ithe

iregion iof iBengal. iThe icapital iof iPakistan iwas i Karachi i in i West iPakistan iand i moved ito iIslamabad

i in i1958. iIn iany icase, i in i light iof i isolation i in ithe ieconomy iand icontrolling i forces iagainst ithem, ithe

iEast iPakistanis ioverwhelmingly icontradicted iand ireported iopportunity ion i March i26, i1971, iunder

ithe iorganization iof iSheik i Mujibur iRahman. iIn iany i case, iduring ithe i year igoing i before ithat, ito

icover ithe idisturbance i in iEast iPakistan, ithe iPakistani igovernment isent iwarriors ito iEast iPakistan

iand idischarged ia i butcher. iMoreover, i in i like i manner, ithe iwar i for iopportunity i began.
The Reasons for war
i i i i

Both iEast iand iWest iPakistan istayed iparticipated iin ithe ilight iof itheir ireligion, iIslam. iWest iPakistan
ihad i97% iMuslims, iand iEast iPakistanis i had i85% iMuslims. iIn iany icase, ithere iwere ia icouple iof

isignificant ireasons ithat i made ithe iEast iPakistani ipeople i fight ifor itheir iopportunity. iWest iPakistan

ihad i four izones: iPunjab, iSindh, iBalochistan, iand ithe iNorth-West iFrontier. iThe i fifth iregion iwas

iEast iPakistan. iHaving idirection iover ithe iregions, ithe i West ispent ia imore ihuge inumber iof i benefits

ithan ithe iEast. iSome iplace i in ithe iscope iof i1948 iand i1960, iEast iPakistan i made i70% iof ithe isum iof

iPakistan's ipassages, iwhile i it i just igot i25% iof i imported i money. iIn i1948, iEast iPakistan ihad i11

isurface iplants iwhile ithe i West ihad i nine. iIn i1971, ithe iquantity iof isurface iprocedures i in ithe i West

icreated ito i150 iwhile ithe i number i in ithe iEast iwent idown ito i26. iAbout i2.6 ibillion idollars iof i benefits

i in i like i manner i moved iafter isome itime i from iEast iPakistan ito iWest iPakistan. iYet iEast iPakistan i had

ithe i most ihuge ipeople iamong ievery ione iof ithe i locales, i it ihad iessentially i less ipolitical ipower ithan

iWest iPakistan. iThis, iat i last, i made ithe ipeople iof iEast iPakistan irebel. iSheik iMujibur iRahman, ithe

ipioneer iof ithe iAwami iLeague i in iEast iPakistan, iunequivocally i mentioned iprogressively i financial

iand ipolitical ipowers. iThe i fight ifinally icompleted i into ithe iwar iof iself-rule. iThere iwas isimilarly ithe

i language i issue ithat ikept iEast iPakistan iand i West iPakistan i in ian iuneasy i status. iIn i1948,

iMohammad iAli i Jinnah icommunicated i in iDhaka ithat iUrdu iwas ithe iofficial i language i for iPakistan.

iThere iwas ia i huge idispute iabout ithis i since i lone ithe i Muhajir i in ithe i West iand ithe iBiharis i in ithe iEast

iconveyed i in iUrdu. iThe i more iconsiderable ipiece iof i the iWest iPakistanis icommunicated i in iPunjabi

iand iSindhi, iwhile iEast iPakistanis ispoke iBangla. i

East iPakistan ias ineeds ibe idisagreed; iseven iunderstudies ikilled iin ia iwild ibattle ion iFebruary i21,
i1952. iThis iday i has i been ireviewed istarting inow iand i into ithe iforeseeable i future iand i is iobserved

ieach i year ito iemphasize ithe icriticalness iof ithe iBengali i language. i February i21 i is ipresently iseen ias

ithe iInternational i Mother iLanguage iDay i by ithe iUnited iNations. iAn iamazing irough iwind i hit iEast

iPakistan i in i1970. iIt iwas iknown ias ithe iBhola iCyclone, iwhich i butchered iaround i500,000 ipeople

iand i made ia iton icontinuously idesperate. iIt ibrought iremarkable idaze iand isignificant isadness iamong

ithe iEast iPakistani ipeople. iIn iany icase, ithe iorganization ididn't igive ienough i lessen ithe isad

iconditions i made iby ithe itwister. iThis iCyclone icaused igoliath isadness i in iEast iPakistan. i

The War
i i

The iAwami iLeague idrove iby iSheik iMujibur iRahman, iwon ia itorrential islide itriumph iin ithe
inational iraces i in i1971 iand i mentioned iself-administration i for iEast iPakistan. iThe isocial ioccasion

iwon i160 iseats, iand ia ipredominant ipart iin ithe iacross ithe i nation iget itogether. iThis itriumph ialso

igave i it ithe i benefit ito ishape ian iorganization; i in iany i case, iZulfikar iAli i Bhutto, ithe iChairman iof ithe

iPakistan iPeople's iParty, iwould i not igive ithe iSheik ian iopportunity ito itransform i into ithe iPrime

iMinister iof iPakistan. iThis icircumstance ibegan ithe i war. iThe iSheik igave ia italk ion iMarch i7, i1971,

iwhen i he irequested ithat ithe ipeople ichange iall iof itheir i homes i into ia i fortification iof i fight. iHe
i mentioned ia itrade iof iability ito ithe ipicked ispecialist ibefore ithe isocial igathering ion iMarch i25.
iTikka iKhan, ia i West iPakistani igeneral, i made ia itrip i to iDhaka ito itransform i into ithe iGovernor iof

iEast iBengal. iBe ithat ias i it i may, ithe iEast iPakistani i judges idenied i him ientry. iStarting ithere, ithe

inight iof iMarch i25, ithe iPakistani i furnished ipower iendeavored ito icrush ithe iBengali's iopposition

i mercilessly. iLiving igame iplan i hallways iof ithe iDhaka iUniversity i viciously iambushed. iOn iMarch

i26, ithe iPakistani i forces icaught iSheik iMujibur iRahman. i Around ia isimilar itime, i he idenoted ian

iofficial ideclaration i for ithe iopportunity iof iBangladesh. iM. i A. iHannan, ian i Awami igathering

ipioneer, i is isaid ito ihave ibeen ithe iessential i individual ito iscrutinize iand ireport ithe iDeclaration iof

iAutonomy iover ithe iradio. i

Political ievents iadvanced itoward ia ipinnacle, iand ithe iwar ibetween ithe iPakistan iArmy iand ithe
iBengali ipolitical idissenters, ithe iMukti iBahini, i began. iThe ipioneer iof ithe iMukti i Bahini iwas

iGeneral iMuhammad iOsmani. iThe iMukti iBahini iarranged i like iguerillas, iand iIndia iadditionally

ioffered ia iprotected ihouse ito ithe iuprooted iindividuals iand i built iup ithe i Mukti iBahini. iIndia

ifurthermore i helped iwith iammunition iand i its itroopers. iThey iattacked ithe iPakistani iequipped

ipower. iDuring ithe iplanning itime iof ithe iMukti iBahini, ithe iPakistani i Army i bolstered iRazakars, ithe

iBengalis iwho ididn't irequire iBangladesh ito itransform i into ian i independent icountry, ito ismother ithe

idisobedience. iThe iPakistani i Army iwent iup iagainst iissues ias ithe irainstorm icame, iand ithis i helped

iMukti iBahini ion ithe igrounds ithat ithey icould icounter ithe i moves iof ithe iPakistanis. iIndia

iacknowledged ia iworking iemployment. iIndira iGandhi i mentioned iair iand iground iattacks. iIndia,

ihaving ioverwhelming iapparatus iand i forces, i mounted ia ithree-pronged iadvancement ion iDhaka

ifrom ithe iIndian iarea i West iBengal, i Assam, iand iTripura. iThe iIndian icontenders, i Air iForce, iand

iNavy i squashed ithe iPakistani iequipped ipower, iwhile ithe iBangladeshi iNavy i helped iIndia. iOn ithe

iground, ithree isocial ioccasions iof iMukti iBahini iand iIndian i forces istruggled ithe iPakistanis. iThe

iPakistanis iendeavored ito ibattle i back, i yet ifail ito icontradict ithem. i

The Victory
i i

On iDecember i16, i1971, iDhaka itumbled ito ithe iMitro iBahini, ithe iworld-class iforces iof ithe iMukti
iBahini iand ithe iIndian i furnished ipower. iAn i"Instrument iof iGiving iup" iwas iset iapart iby ithe

isquashed iPakistani iGeneral iNiazi iand i by ithe iIndian ichief iGeneral i Aurora iat i16:31 iIndian

iStandard iTime. iThat i is ithe i manner iby iwhich iBangladesh igot iliberated iand iself-governing.

iDecember i16 i is iseen ias ithe iVictory iDay i in iBangladesh, iwhile i March i26 isaw ias iIndependence

iDay. i With ian i influence, iBangladesh i is iprogressing i in iall i viewpoints.

Conclusion

The iLiberation iwar iof iBangladesh iwas inot ionly ia iwar ifor iself-governance ifought iby iBangladeshi
inationalists i- ione iof i its irule itriggers iwas ireligion. iThe iPakistani igovernment iexpected ito ichange

iBangladeshis i into icommendable iMuslims i by iremoving ithem i from itheir iHindu iestablishment.

iThis ithought iof ithe i severe idivision i in i like i manner i used ias ithe iprimary idriver i for ithe iarrangement

iof iPakistan iregardless iafter iBritish icolonialism iof ithe i subcontinent. iOut iof ithe i blue, ireligion

i joined iBangladesh iand iPakistan ias ione iState iduring ithe ipackage iof ithe isubcontinent, iand i later ia

icomparable iconviction isegregated ithe itwo. iGetting ia ihandle ion ithe iprogression iof ithe iopportunity

iwar iof iBangladesh i incorporates ia icautious iaudit ito iexplore ithe ievents i inciting ithe ipackage iof ithe

iIndian isubcontinent. iFollowing ithe iamazing ieffects iof ithe iSecond i World i War, ithe iBritish

icolonialists igave iup itheir icontrol iover ithe iIndian isubcontinent, iand ithe i1947 iportion i showed itwo

iself-ruling i nations i- iIndia iand iPakistan. i

The i1971 iLiberation iwar iof iBangladesh iagainst iPakistan icontinues iframing ithe imentality iof
iBangladeshi ipeople iuntil ithe ipresent iday. iThis i bloodstained ichronicled ievent ihas i manufactured ia

iBangladeshi isentiment iof i nationalism iand ihas i formed i its icontemporary iConstitution. iThe

iBangladesh iwe isee itoday i is ithe iresult iof ithe iLiberation iwar iof i1971. iTo iappreciate iceaseless

iBangladeshi iadministrative i issues iand ithe i budgetary icircle, i it i is irequired ito istall ithe irecorded

iscenery iof iPakistani i colonialism iand ithe ievents ienveloping ithe i1971 i Liberation iwar ithat ichanged

iBangladesh i into ia iself-sufficient isovereign iState.

References
Encyclopedia iBritannica. i(2019). iThe iBritish iperiod, ic. i1700–1947. iRetrieved iNovember i5, i2019, ifrom
ibritannica: ihttps://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh/The-British-period-c-1700-1947

Perkins, iC. iR. i(2017). i1947 iPartition iof iIndia i& iPakistan. iRetrieved iNovember i5, i2019, ifrom
iexhibits.stanford: ihttps://exhibits.stanford.edu/1947-partition/about/1947-partition-of-india-

pakistan

Spain iExchange. i(2019). iA iShort iHistory iof iBangladesh. iRetrieved iNovember i5, i2019, ifrom istudycountry:
ihttps://www.studycountry.com/guide/BD-history.htm

University iof iCentral iArkansas. i(2019). iPolitical iScience. iRetrieved iNovember i5, i2019, ifrom iuca:
ihttps://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/pakistanbangladesh-1947-

1971/