Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Internship Report
Internship Report
Internship Report
An Internship Report
On
“ENERGY METER SAMPLE TESTING”
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
Submitted By
NISHA C
(4GW16EI026)
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the 8th Semester Internship titled “ENERGY METER SAMPLE TESTING” is a
bonafide work carried out by NISHA C (4GW16EI026) in partial fulfillment for the award of
degree of bachelor of engineering in Department of Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2018-19.
The internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to
the Internship work prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering Degree.
External Viva
1.
2.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The joy and satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible.
First and foremost we offer our sincere phrases of thanks to Smt. Vanaja B Pandit, Hon.
Secretary, GSSSIETW and the management of GSSSIETW, Mysuru for providing help and
support to carry out the project.
We would like to express our gratitude to our Principal, Dr. Shivakumar M for providing
us a congenial environment for engineering studies and also for having showed us the way to carry
out the project.
We consider it a privilege and honour to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Venkatratnam C,
Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering for his support
and invaluable guidance throughout the tenure of this project.
We intend to thank all the teaching and non teaching staffs of our Department of Electronics
and Instrumentation Engineering for their immense help and co-operation.
Finally we would like to express our gratitude to our parents and friends who always stood
by us.
NISHA C
4GW16EI026
Subject Name/Code: Internship / Professional Practice /15EI84
Semester: 8th Semester, Even 2019
COURSE OUTCOMES
Chapter 4: Conclusion 34
References 35
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NUMBER
FIGURE PAGE
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NUMBER
1.1 Logo of L & T group 1
1.2 Organization Structure 2
1.3 L & T Construction 3
1.4 L & T Realty 3
1.5 Heavy Engineering 4
1.6 L & T Defense 4
1.7 Jadcherla – Kothakotha – Toll road 5
1.8 L & T Power 5
1.9 Low voltage meters 6
1.10 L & T Hydrocarbon Engineering 6
1.11 Process Ball Valves 7
1.12 L & T Infotech , Chennai 7
1.13 L & T TS, Mysore 8
1.14 Relays 10
1.15 Meters 11
1.16 Programmable Logic Control 11
1.17 Soft Starters 12
1.18 Human Machine Interface 13
1.19 Low Voltage Device 14
1.20 Medium Voltage Device 15
1.21 L & T Founder 15
2.1 Energy Meters 16
2.2 Single Phase Whole Current Energy 18
Meter
2.3 3 Phase HTCT Meter 19
2.4 3 Phase HTCT Multi-port Meter 20
2.5 3 Phase LTCT Meter 21
2.6 Graph Maximum Demand 28
2.7 Block Method 28
Internship at Larsen & Toubro
Chapter 1
Company Profile
1.1 ABOUT L&T GROUP
The real estate arm of L&T extends the Company’s values to the domain of
commercial and residential properties. All properties of L&T Realty embody a
sustainable design philosophy and focus on fostering integrated communities.
L&T Electrical & Automation provides a wide range of products and solutions
for electricity distribution and control, across various sectors: industries, utilities ,
buildings, residencies, marine vessels and agriculture.
A wholly owned subsidiary of L&T, is dedicated to serving the oil and gas sector
around the world. It delivers turnkey engineering and construction solutions to
offshore to offshore and onshore hydrocarbon projects.
L&T Technology Services offers design and development solution through the
entire development chain in multiple industries. The company has design and
delivery locations in six centers in India, as well as two delivery centers in the
US.
L&T formed a joint venture with Sapura Crest Petroleum Berhad, Malaysia for
providing services to the offshore construction industry. The joint venture owns
and operates the LTS 3000, a crane vessel for heavy lifting and pipe-laying.
L&T Power has set up an organization focused on coal-based, gas-based and
nuclear power projects. L&T has formed two joint ventures with Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Japan to manufacture super critical boilers and steam turbine
generators.
L&T is among the largest five fabrication companies in the world. L&T has a
shipyard capable of constructing vessels of up to 150 meter long and
displacement of 20,000 tons at its heavy engineering complex at Hazira, Gujarat.
The shipyard constructs specialized heavy-lift ships, CNG carriers, chemical
tankers, defense & para-military vessels, submarines and other role-specific
vessels.
The design wing of L&T ECC is EDRC (Engineering Design and Research
Centre), which provides consultancy, design, and services. It carries out the basic
and detailed design for both residential and commercial projects.
Electrical & Automation is a major business portfolio of Larsen & Toubro. The
business basket of Electrical & Automation (E&A) contains low and medium
voltage switchgear products, electrical systems, energy meters and automation
solutions. Its products and solutions cater to industry, utility, building & home,
infrastructure and agriculture segments.
The E&A business comprises two Strategic Business Groups (SBGs) – Products
SBG and Projects SBG and offers a wide range of low and medium voltage
switchgear, electrical systems, marine switchgear, industrial and building
automation solutions, energy management systems and metering solutions. Its
products and solutions cater to a variety of segments like industries, utilities,
infrastructure, building and agriculture.
L&T’s E&A business offers products and systems solutions for control,
regulation and monitoring - planning, designing, engineering and implementing
drive controls, automation and UPS related projects from concept to
commissioning. Our systems solutions cover a host of industry verticals like
cement, metals, paper, oil & gas, water, power, food processing, etc.
A major strength of L&T is its in-house design and development center for
switchgear as well as tooling facility that designs and manufactures a wide range
of high precision tools, a pre-requisite for high quality products. The facility is
equipped with CAD systems, and is also linked to the integrated CAD facility.
1.5.1 PRODUCTIONS
1.5.1.1 Relay
Larsen & Toubro offers a wide range of Protection, Control & Monitoring
Relays. These are Numerical relays suitable for Low Voltage & Medium Voltage
power distribution system. These are manufactured at L&T’s Mysore Works
equipped with modern infrastructure and employing latest testing equipment.
1.5.1.2 Meters
Soft Starters
A soft starter is a solid-state device that protects AC electric motors from damage
caused by sudden influxes of power by limiting the large initial inrush of current
associated with motor startup. They provide a gentle ramp up to full speed and
are used only at startup (and stop, if equipped).
Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are deployed for control and
visualization interface between a human and a process, machine, application and
appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory
Automation. L&T introduces its complete range of HMI products that help in
improving productivity and system efficiency.
CHAPTER 2
INTERNSHIP DETAILS
2.1 OVERVIEW OF WORK
An energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed
by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.
Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing
purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being
the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period.
When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure
demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering
allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-
cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have
relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
4) Industrial Meters
Three Phase HTCT Meter
Three Phase LTCT Meter
Three Phase Thread Through Long Range Trivector Meter
Three Phase Whole Current Trivector Energy Meter
This compact EM101+ single phase meter fits snugly into any meter box. The
bright back-lit display ensures ease of reading.
Salient features
Class 1 accuracy as per IS and IEC standards
Forward energy recording irrespective of the current direction
Indication for power on, current reversal and ELT
Reset backups
Multi-tariff / Time of Day metering
High surge withstand capability
Load Survey (Interval Data)
Anti-tamper features
Optical port/RS 232 port/Low Power Radio
The software is available for data collection, load survey analysis and energy
management applications. The meter can be interfaced to a variety of
communication devices.
Salient features
Class 0.2s, 0.5s as per relevant IS and IEC Standards
1A and 5A current rating
Phase 4 Wire
Quadrant Measurement
Anti-tamper features
Self-diagnostic capability
Multiple tariff / Time of day feature
The software is available for data collection, load survey analysis and energy
management applications. The meter can be interfaced to a variety of
communication devices.
Salient features
Class 0.2s as per relevant IS and IEC Standards
1A and 5A current rating
Phase 4 Wire
Quadrant Measurement
Anti-tamper features
Self-diagnostic capability
Multiple tariff / Time of day feature
Bidirectional Energy recording
Upto 4 Maximum Demand registers
Load Survey (Interval Data) features
Salient features
Class 0.5s as per relevant IS and IEC Standards
5A current rating
Phase 4 Wire
Quadrant Measurement
Anti-tamper features
Self-diagnostic capability
Multiple tariff / Time of day feature
Bidirectional Energy recording
Upto 4 Maximum Demand registers
Load Survey (Interval Data) features
Upto 12 reset backups
Optical port/RS 232 / RS 485 / IR / IrDA / RF (2.4 GHz/865-867 MHz)
(optional)
2.2.3 STAGES IN ENERGY METER TENDER TEAM
I. Assembly Team
II. Calibration
III. Basic Computer System Validation
IV. Final Inspection and Dispatch
I Assembly Team
Review: ENGG:
Hardware: changes
required?
Firmware
change
required
TPR Product
validation cleared
Y/N
Final
Inspection
Dispatch to
Area Office
II CALIBRATION UNIT
Calibration is the process of adjusting the error of meter under test according to
reference Standard. Here we are adjusting the error of the meter by feeding error
factor to the meter by using suitable software’s. That software’s will calculate the
error either by Energy method or by Power method.
Energy Method: Here we collect the energy of the meter for particular interval
of time and then we will compare the energy of the reference standard for the
same interval of time. Then calculate the error by using following formula.
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫
= (𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫
− 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲)/(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲) ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Power Method: Here we are collecting the instantaneous power from the meter
as well as from the reference standard for defined number of times. For average
power we will calculate the error and calibrate the meter.
After getting percentage error from the any of above method error factor is
calculated by the software and which is fed to the meter through communication
ports. This process continues to repeat till the meter error comes within the
defined error limit by software.
Most of the software’s which are used in tender samples calibration are taken
from the process server path http://192.168.172.92/TestSoftware/.
But for some projects which are developing stage we are using the software’s
which are given by design itself.
For the TVM platforms like M3R WC, M3R LT, M3M WC & M3M LT,M
TRIO,ASIC N2 ,SEM 0.2,M3A,N2 calibration input (configuration like 10-
60A or 5-30A,5-10,1-2) is defined by process team only. For this we need to
update the meter firmware in the server (If it is of new firmware) by
informing process team. Once firmware is updated in the server then we can
do the calibration of the samples by scanning the meter with suitable
calibration software.
During calibration if any meter fails then that sample is given for debug either
to assembly stage or to NPD based on the failure.
Once the accuracy test of the meter is done meters with 50% of standard limit
will be decided as PASS and remaining samples are recalibrated and once
again checked for accuracy. If after recalibration also samples are failed then
particular sample is given for debug either to assembly stage or to NPD based
on the failure.
Accuracy test points in tender assembly is minimum, since all the samples are
tested for accuracy at the TPR during hardware validation.
1) Self-diagnostics
LED Segment check
Battery & NVM health
RTC date & time
2) Instantaneous parameters
V, I, PF, kW, kVAr etc.
Power On/Off hours
Rising demand with
4) Tamper information
Missing potential
Current reverse
Short/Open circuit
Load imbalance
Cum count of events
5) Billing information
Cumulative Registers
TOU definition
TOU wise MDs
6 or 12 history data
1. Communication Port
Optical Port
RS 232 (Recommended standard 232)
2. Communication Protocols
Device language message specification (DLMS)
International electro technical commission (IES)
IrDA (Infrared data association)
Modbus
VinPlus is a data collection and analysis tool for L&T meters. This application
software can be used with tariff meters.
VinPlus supports convenient collection of energy data either directly or remotely.
Data from Trivector meters, single phase meters and hand-held units can be
collected. Energy data collected from Trivector meters, single phase meters or
hand-held units is categorized into instantaneous values, cumulative energies,
reset back-ups, Load survey data and Tamper records.
The user is given the option to collect full data as well as specific data such as
Current Bill, Previous Bill, Tamper Data, and Load Survey or Instantaneous
values from Meter. The collected data can be viewed in the form of reports.
Duration in hours
The time interval for which the demand is calculated is called Demand
Integration Period.
Rising demand:
Register which indicates the rate of demand w.r.t time
Rising demand with elapsed time:
Register which indicates the rate of demand w.r.t the time completed in the
integration period
(Time is indicated in minute: second’s format)
Methods of MD calculation:
Block method:
Demand is calculated over a fixed integration period.
Ex: 12:00 to 12:30, 12:30 to 13:00, and so on. (For integration period 30 min)
Ex: 12:00 to 12:30, 12:15 to 12:45, 12:30 to 13:00, and so on. (For integration
period 30 min and sub integration period 15 min)
Sliding window method is to catch consumers who take high power for durations
close to integration period but spread over two integration period.
Maximum 4 MDs can be selected out of eight energy types.
18
16
14
12
KVA
10
0
10-10:15 10:15-10:30 10:30-10:45 10:45-11
TIME
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10 - 10:30 10:30 - 11:00
MD 17.5 17.5
2.2.7 TARIFFS
2.2.9 TAMPER
Tamper Detection
Tamper is an intentional change in electrical parameters such that it gives an
advantage to the consumer by registering energy less than actually consumed.
Tamper detection is achieved by implementing logics in firmware and in
some cases needs hardware changes like magnetic card, neutral CT, Detection
switch etc.
Tamper Storage
Tamper storage method is as specified by the customer in any of the
following method
Sequential: Irrespective of the tamper based on the time tampers will be
stored and shown in the data. The latest tamper will appear on the top and the
last one on the last row – in the tamper data. FIFO is followed
Block : The tamper-wise storage,
Each tamper will have defined blocks. In block method there shall be
declaration for how many event of a specified tamper in each block.
Sequential in block or block-sequential:
Here the blocks will be for each major category. Inside each block many
tampers can be clubbed together
For e.g. voltage related tampers 50 events - voltage failure, voltage unbalance,
over voltage – can be together. Irrespective of the tamper the FIFO is
followed for the 50 events.
Snapshot recording for tampers: When the tamper has occurred and
restored the snaps (momentary values) of voltage, current, PF are taken and
stored for specified values like for kWh, for kVAh.
TYPES OF TAMPERS
Voltage Failure
Current Failure
Voltage Unbalance
Current Unbalance
Current Bypass
Current Reversal
Low power factor
Magnetic tamper
Neutral Disturbance
Top cover open
Voltage high/low
Current high/low
Abnormal frequency
Wrong Phase association
Power failure
EXPERIENCE
ASSESMENTS
Weekly assessments and doubt clarification sessions was given
Hands-on session was given every week.
2.4 SUMMARY
Studied process carried out in Assembly Stage and Steps involved in Sample
Preparation.
Studied Process carried out in Inspection Unit - Component Level Inspection–
Mounted Components & Non – Mounted Components, Inspection of
Part Number, Description, Quantity, Location from BOM ( Bill of Material )
Studied about Calibration of Energy Meter
Physical verification of samples
Loading of samples to the Testing setup – Electric Source, Reference
Standard, Meter fixing bench, Computer
Required Electrical connection to the samples
Functional testing of samples
Calibration of samples – Energy method and Power method
Accuracy testing of samples – Energy, Power and Pulse method
Data collection of samples
Power consumption testing of samples – Voltage Circuit & Current
Circuit
Neutral calibration of samples if required
Current bypass test
Unloading of samples from setup
Hands – on session on calibrating and % error Calculation using RADIAN
Studied Process carried out in Final Assembly unit and studied Bureau of
Indian Standards – IS 13779 – AC STATIC WATTHOUR METERS, CLASS
1 & 2 - SPECIFICATION and IS 14697 – AC STATIC
TRANSFORMER OPERATED, WATTHOUR & VAR – HOUR
METERS, CLASS 0.2S & 0.5S – SPECIFICATION
Studied Process carried out in Final Inspection and Dispatch unit – Physical
Inspection, Communication check (Port check), name plate check, customer
requirement matching, display parameter, welding, after welding
communication, Sealing, cover open clean, data collection, dispatch
documentation, Final quality assurance (FQA), before dispatch data, packing,
dispatch
CHAPTER 3
REFLECTION NOTES
An internship offers the chance to learn and also gain valuable experience and
accomplishments to add to our resume and /or enhance our application to
graduate.
Internship creates advantage over job.
Internships helps to master professional soft skills such as communication,
punctuality and time management.
These are skills that are key for success at a job and college.
Internship gives us the chance to use the skills that we’ve learnt in the
classroom in a real world setting
We can learn new skills that add to our knowledge base and gain confidence
in our abilities by giving presentations on every task or the assignments that
were carried out.
Time management in the workplace is one of those things that can make your
life so much easier.
Developing time management skills in the workplace is a journey that may
begin with this guide, but needs practice and other guidance along the way.
One strategy in building an effective time management in the workplace is to
help yourself become aware of how you use your time.
Coming to work before time is always a good habit as you get time to plan
what you want to carry out today or prepare an agenda or go through previous
day’s work for better understanding.
Collaboration
As an intern, learnt to collaborate with other interns and company
employees. Ability to communicate and relate well to others and work towards a
common goal which is certainly important for collaboration
Critical Thinking
Critical thinking refers to ability to analyze and evaluate a situation or issue and
form a judgment. The tendency to think critically can be demonstrated by a
willingness to ask questions in order to understand an issue from all possible
angles, and to pose creative solutions to challenges.
Commercial awareness
Gaining a general understanding of how organizations work and operate will
make your transition into the workplace a lot easier.
Organization skill
Business Etiquette
Self-confidence and self esteem
Practical skills
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
Engineering Students will have to serve in the public and private sector industries
since workshop based training and teaching in classroom has its own limitations,
Internship plays a major role. The lack of exposure to real life functioning of
industrial organization Internship plays a major role in the student employment.
Practical training is one of the major steps in this direction. I did my Internship
training in Larsen & Toubro Limited Mysuru, India. The training was aimed at
providing the students with basic knowledge about the Manufacturing of Energy
Meter and its Maintenance. Practical sessions and Hands-on Session were also
given daily.
REFERENCE
1) http://www.larsentoubro.com/electrical-automation/products-
services/products/meters/bidirectional-net-meters/three-phase-ltct-
meter-er300p/#
2) http://www.larsentoubro.com/electrical-automation/products-
services/solutions/meters/metering-solutions/vinplus/
3) http://www.lntidpl.com/