Running head: NATIONAL HGHWAY AUTHORITY 1

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................3

ESTABLISHMENT .................................................................................................... 3

OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 3

FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................... 4

Mission and Vision ...................................................................................................... 5

Core Wings .................................................................................................................. 5

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ..............................................................................6

NATIONAL HIGHWAY COUNCIL ..............................................................................6

WING/SECTIONS ...........................................................................................................9

FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE WING ........................................................................ 10

CHAPTER 2 .....................................................................................................................13

LEARNING & EXPERIENCE ......................................................................................13

ORIENTATION .............................................................................................................13

Development Budget ................................................................................................. 14

Maintenance Budget .................................................................................................. 14

Establishment Budget ................................................................................................ 15

ORIENTATION & WORKING ....................................................................................17

Establishment Work .................................................................................................. 18

Consultancy Work ..................................................................................................... 19

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Contractors’ Work ..................................................................................................... 19

Maintenance of Cash Books ...........................................................................................21

CHAPTER 3 .....................................................................................................................22

SWOT ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................22

STRENGTHS ............................................................................................................ 22

WEAKNESSES ......................................................................................................... 23

OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................................................... 24

THREATS ................................................................................................................. 24

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................26

RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................27

Annexure...........................................................................................................................29

References .........................................................................................................................30
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 3

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

National Highway Authority (NHA) is a public sector organization that works

under the Ministry of Communication, Government of Pakistan as an autonomous body.

ESTABLISHMENT

1978: Designation of certain inter-provisional roads as National Highways.

1979: Establishment of National Highway Board.

1987: National Highway Board instructed through a president directive to direct

control over National Highways System placed under Ministry of Communication.

1991: Establishment of National highway Authority through legislation. Bill

passed as National Highway Act, 1991 into law by parliament.

2001: Amendment in NHA Act 1991. As from the commencement of this act,

there shall be established for carrying out the purposes of this Act, an Authority to be

known as the National Highway Authority:

The Authority shall be a Body corporate having perpetual succession and a

common seal with power to acquire, hold and dispose off property and may by its name

sue and be sued. The headquarters of the Authority shall be at Islamabad.

OBJECTIVES

NHA is committed for developing & improving the communication and

transportation infrastructure of Pakistan to promote trade and commerce in the country by

planning, development, operation, repair and maintenance of National Highways and

Strategic Roads specially entrusted to NHA by the Federal Government or by a

Provincial Government or other authority concerned responsible for developing,

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operating and maintaining the National Highway and Motorway networks throughout

Pakistan. To enhance Pakistan‟s competitiveness in the global market, to sustain the high

economic growth achieved in recent years and to make the country a hub of regional

trade, NHA currently is developing a well integrated network of Highways and

Motorways. While planning the development of roads, it also considers the well-being of

individuals and businesses throughout the country by improving reliability, quality and

access of the highway network.

FUNCTIONS

NHA is the Custodian of National Highway Assets in Pakistan whose main

functions include;

• Advise the Federal Government on matters relating to National Highways and

Strategic Roads.

• Frame a scheme or schemes for matters such as construction, expansion,

operation and development of National Highways and Strategic Roads and undertake

work/incur expenditure on such scheme(s).

• Acquire any land in accordance with legal procedure and obtain and dispose of

moveable and immovable property of interests therein.

• Research & development in the field of highways.

• Procure plant, machinery, instruments and materials required for its use.

• Enter into and perform all such contracts as it may consider necessary.

• Levy, collect or cause to be collected tolls on National Highways, Strategic Roads

and such other roads as may be entrusted to it and bridges thereon.

• License facilities on roads under its control on such terms as it deems fit.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 5

• Determine a building line between which and the RoW it shall not be lawful

without the consent of the Authority to construct or maintain any structure or make any

excavation.

• Case studies, surveys, experiments and technical researches to be made or

contribute towards the cost of such studies, surveys, experiments or technical researches

made by any other agency.

Mission and Vision

To secure delivery of efficient, reliable safe and friendly environment in national

highway network, with the view to improve the quality of life.

 Construction

 Maintenance

 Improvement and maintenance of national highways and motorways network of

Pakistan.

Core Wings

i. Planning

ii. Operations

iii. Constructions

iv. Motorways

v. Finance

vi. Administration
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Head Office

NHA Headquarter, Islamabad

Regional Offices

i. Lahore

ii. Multan

iii. Karachi

iv. Peshawar

v. Quetta

vi. Abbottabad

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The organization of National Highway Authority works under the Ministry of

Communication, Government of Pakistan as an autonomous body. The affairs of NHA

are directed and regulated through National Highway Council and the Executive Board

Federal Minister of communication

Federal secretary (Ministry of communication)

Chairman National Highway Authority (NHA)

NATIONAL HIGHWAY COUNCIL

The basic function of the National Highway Council (NHC) is to lay down national

policies and guidelines to be followed by NHA in the performance of its functions. The

Council has the power to direct and regulate the affairs of NHA.

Composition:

The NHC was previously headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. In

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July 2001, the provisions of the NHA Act, 1991 were amended by the GoP and the NHC

was re-constituted. The revised composition of the NHC is as given below:-

Minister for Communications, Member

Secretary Finance Division, Member

Secretary Planning & Development Division, Member

Secretary Communications, Member

Highway Construction & Management Professional Member

(Nominated by the President)

Finance & Accounts Professional Member

(Nominated by the President)

Chairman Member

National Highway Authority

FUNCTIONS OF HIGHWAY COUNCIL

To approve five year plans and perspective plans, prepared by the board in

consultation with the planning & Development Division, for the construction,

development, repair & maintenance of National Highways & Strategic Roads specially

entrusted to the Authority by the Federal Government or by Provincial Government or

other Authority concerned.

 To consider progress reports of the Authority.

 To lay down national policies and guidelines to be followed by the Authority in

the performance of its functions.

 To review and reappraise projects.

 To approve the annual budget of the Authority .

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NHA EXECUTIVE BOARD

The general direction and administration of NHA and its affairs vest in the

Executive Board which may exercise all powers, perform all functions and do all acts and

things which may be exercised, performed or done by the Authority

Composition

The revised composition of the Executive Board is as given below:

The Chairman Member

Inspector General, Member

National Highways & Motorway Police

Additional Secretary (Finance Division) Member

Member or Additional Secretary, (Planning Division) Member

Joint Secretary-II, Ministry of Communications Member

Senior Chief, Member

National Transportation Research Center - NTRC

Vice President, Member

National Engineering Services of Pakistan - NESPAK Member

National Highway Authority

FUNCTIONAL SETUP

NHA has its Head Office at Islamabad with the Chairman as its Chief Executive

Officer. It is functionally divided into five core wings namely Planning Wing, Operation

Wing, Motorways Wing, Finance Wing, Administration Wing and two further wings of

Construction & Aided Projects Wing. Then there are three independent sections of

Secretary Section, Internal Audit Section and Vigilance Section.

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Each wing is headed by a Member. All Members are functional heads of their

respective wings. They are assisted by General Managers who are operational heads of

wings. The head office controls the operations of the Authority throughout the country.

WING/SECTIONS

HEADED BY:

Planning Wing Member

Planning Section GM (Planning)

Procurement & Contract Administration GM (P&CA) Section

Design Section GM (Design)(s)

BOT Section GM (BOT)

Director (Private Sector BOT Section

Legal Bureau Director (Legal) Operation

Member Operation GM (Operations)

MPO GM (MPO)

EALS GM (EALS)

Construction Wing Member

Construction GM (Construction)(s) Projects GM (Projects)(s)

Aided Projects Member

Asian Development Bank GM (ADB)(s)

NHIP GM (NHIP)

NEP GM (NEP)

Motorways Member

Motorways GM (Motorways)
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Finance Wing Member

Finance Section GM (Finance)

Budget & Account GM (B&A)

Revenue GM (Revenue)

Administration Wing Member

Admin GM (Admin)

Establishment GM (Establishment)

Coordination GM (Coordination) Personnel Director (Personnel)

HRD Director (HRD)

Computer Bureau Director (MIS)

FINANCE WING

The services of NHA are delivered after complete planning at different wings of

NHA. Since my work field in the course of training was relevant to Finance, so I was

placed in the Finance Wing of NHA. The Finance Wing is headed by the Member

Finance. In terms of the provisions of NHA Act 1991 (as amended in 2001), the Member

(Finance) is also a Member of the NHA Executive Board. Finance Wing deals with all

finance, budget, revenue and accounts related matters of NHA.

FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE WING

i. Financial Functions

To Arrange Financing through:

i. GOP (PSDP and Grants for Maintenance and

Establishment)

ii. Donor Agencies

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iii. Private Sector

iv. Toll & other Income

Placement of Funds & Open Market Operations

Formulation of Financial Policies & Procedures

Management of NHA Fund

ii. Budgetary Functions

Preparation of NHA‟s Annual Development, Maintenance,

Revenue & Establishment Budget

Budget Revisions in coordination with other Wings

Ensuring timely release of NH‟s monthly allocations

Preparation and review of prescribed periodic reports.

iii. Revenue Functions

Accounting of NHA Revenues

Payment to contractors & Consultants

Processing withdrawals from receipts

Devising system and internal controls to avoid revenue leakages

Monitoring, verification and certification of revenue figure

Iv. Financial Advisory Functions:

All matters bearing financial implications

Accounting principles & policies

Obtaining and processing of loans

Tax matters

Enlisting of Banks and Insurance Companies

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Proposals for generation of funds

Manage Computerization & Consolidation of NHA Financial

Statements

Coordinate Audit by external Auditors.

FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF FINANCE WING

The operations of the Finance Wing under Member Finance are divided in to

Finance Department under GM Finance & Budget & Accounts Department under GM

B&A.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 13

CHAPTER 2

LEARNING & EXPERIENCE

My internship at NHA has been for 6 weeks (Aug to Sep) because that was

summer-off from the Institution and was the best time to utilize it in a useful way before I

unleash my career apart the fact it was required for completion of my degree.. As far as

the question is concerned, why I chose NHA, the reasons are simple and logical and that

is that I had a reference over there I wanted to experience a public sector organization.

ORIENTATION

In order to give me an introduction and overview of the organization, an

orientation session was organized. The orientation was designed describing the working

of Accounts Department at the regional Office (where I was positioned) and the different

departments of the Finance Wing at Head Office that are interrelated with the NHA

regional office. It includes Budget Section, Revenue Section, Establishment, DDO

Section and CP Fund Section, Government of Pakistan (GOP) Section, Aided Projects

(AP) Section and the Book-Keeping & Consolidation Section.

ORIENTATION AT BUDGET SECTION

During the orientation session at the Budget Section, I was told that the section is

responsible for preparing the budgets for the authority. This section estimates the

revenues and expenses for the financial year and makes budgets for the coming period.

These budgets can be categorized as development and non-development budgets.

The explanations of these budgets are as follows:

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Development Budget

Development Budget (also known as Capital Budget) is made out of the funds

granted (on annual basis) by the Federal Government for development of roads. The

amount for this budget is determined on the basis of estimates made by Planning and

Operations Wings. After this, the data is compiled and sent to Chairman for the approval.

If approved, the budget estimates are sent to Ministry of Communication where Financial

Adviser examines the estimates. Before the budgets are finalized, a meeting is held which

is attended by the representatives of Planning & Development Division, Finance Division

and Economic Affairs Division. The estimates recommended by this committee are

discussed in APCC (Annual Plan Coordination Committee) meeting which is chaired by

the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Finally, these estimates are submitted in the Parliament

for approval.

b. Non-Development Budget:

Non-Development Budget can be further categorized into these two

subcategories:

1. Maintenance Budget

2. Establishment Budget

Maintenance Budget

This is the budget which is required for the maintenance of existing completed

highways and motorways, constructed by NHA. Maintenance Directorate of NHA is

requested to prepare Budget estimates and submit it to NHA budget section of Finance

Wing. Budget section compiles the estimates and submits the same to Ministry of

Communication (MOC). After due consideration in MOC, the same is forwarded to

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 15

Ministry of Finance (MOF) for approval. Finance Division allocates the funds for

maintenance grant and MOC releases these funds to NHA on quarterly basis.

Establishment Budget

Administration Wing of NHA is requested to provide details of 252 core posts of

NHA upon the request of Budget Section. Budget section prepares and compiles the

budget estimates for the posts and submits it to MOC and the same is forwarded to MOF

for approval. Finance Division allocates the funds for the establishment charges under

MOC 252 core posts. Again MOC releases these funds to NHA on quarterly basis.

ORIENTATION AT REVENUE SECTION

The second week of my internship was scheduled for the orientation to Revenue

Section of Finance Wing. I was told that the main function of revenue section is to collect

revenues for NHA. In addition, it also makes payments for repair & maintenance of roads

as per maintenance plan devised by Road Assets Management Directorate (RAMD). So,

this Revenue Section can be categorized into two sub-sections i.e., Receipts & Payments.

Receipts Section

As the name specifies, this section is responsible to collect revenues for NHA.

The main sources of revenue generation are toll receipts, rent from hotels, rent from

petrol/CNG stations, hoardings and advertisements, sale proceeds of NHA assets, tender

documents fees, taxes and police fines etc. These revenues are collected through

contractors like TRAME, EPL etc. These contractors receive revenues from the service

users and deposit it into the account of NHA by the name of „Road Maintenance Account

(RMA)‟. These deposits can be made on daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly basis (as per

the contract‟s requirement).

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 16

Payment Section

Payment Section makes all payments regarding repairing and maintenance of the

roads. The payments are made for routine maintenance, periodic maintenance, emergency

maintenance and geometric maintenance. The section makes arrangements for

Mobilization Advance, Secured Advance, Interim Payments Certificate (IPC) and final

payment to contractors and consultants as per contract requirements. The Section is also

responsible for transferring funds to Regional Offices on their demand, according to their

shares, for maintenance of roads.

ORIENTATION AT ESTABLISHMENT SECTION

The next scheduled department for my orientation was the Establishment Section.

This section deals with payments of salaries, allowances and other personal benefits of

NHA employees. Expenditures of establishment section are met through NHA

Establishment Grant and 1% Special Allocation.

NHA Establishment Grant

NHA Establishment Grant is allocated for the salary payments and allowances of

permanent employees of NHA. This grant comes from the Ministry of Communication.

These permanent employees are 252 in number who are getting their salaries out of this

grant.

1% Special Allocation is the source of making salary and allowances payment of

those employees who are working for NHA on contract basis. These employees are hired

according to the projects initiated by NHA. It is called 1% because in actual it is the one

percent of all the funds allocated to NHA from MOC.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 17

ORIENTATION & WORKING AT GOP SECTION

Fourth week of my internship was scheduled for GOP section. „GOP‟ stands for

„Government of Pakistan‟ Section. At this section, I was not only supposed to be

oriented by also to do some practical work. At the very first day of the fourth week, the

orientation session was held, in which I was briefed by Mr. Afzaal (AD) about the

functions and operations of the GOP section.

This section deals with all accounts and finance related matters of those projects

which are directly or indirectly funded by the Government of Pakistan. This is one of the

most important sections of

NHA as more than 50% of NHA projects are financed by

Government of Pakistan. So, one can imagine the level of work and commitment

needed in this section. Whenever a project is started, total project cost is estimated and

planned by the planning wing. These projects become part of Annual Development

Program and Federal Government allocates funds in annual budget. For completion of

these projects, tenders are called from pre-qualified contractors and the project goes to

the contractor who comes up with the lowest bid.

GOP section is responsible to make payments to contractors and consultants as:

Mobilization Advance,

Secured Advance,

Interim Payment Certificate and

Final Payment as per contract‟s terms and conditions

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 18

These advances are not given to the contractors until and unless they give

securities in the form of Bank Guarantees to NHA. All payment bills are singed by

Project Consultant and Project Resident Engineer/ Project Director and are send to

General Manager concerned, who, after certification, sends those bills to General

Manager (Operations). The General Manager (Operations) gets approval of Member

Operations and forwards the bill to Finance Wing.

From the second day of my schedule at GOP Section, I got started to work. The

tasks I performed in GOP section included establishment work, imprest, consultancy

works and contractors related works.

Establishment Work

Establishment work at GOP Section is related with almost all other accounts

sections of NHA. It covers all the expenses related to employees‟ salaries, allowances

and personal benefits including medical expenses, house hiring, conveyance charges,

utility charges etc. In this regard, I learnt how to make vouchers for medical expenses,

house hiring, overtime and utility expenses etc. These vouchers were made in the General

Ledger (GL) Software by entering the employee‟s name, employee number, amount,

debit/credit distinction and explanation for the expense. Mr. Adil (SAC) helped me a lot

in using and entering the data into this software.

Imprest

By imprest we mean that amount which is sent to regional offices of NHA from

the Head Office Islamabad. This is called imprest because this amount is sent to meet the

day-to-day expenses of the regional offices. Expenditures are made at the regional offices

and expenditure statements sent to the head office, which are checked and verified at
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 19

head office. I learnt how to verify those expenses with the reference documents which

were sent as evidence for the expenses incurred. These reference documents can be used

mobile cards, paid-bills etc. After verification, the next step was to enter those expenses

in their respective accounts on imprest portion GL Software.

Consultancy Work

NHA hires consultants to supervise the work of the contractors. Consultants

submit their invoices on monthly basis. The consultants‟ invoice must contain the

following:

o Request Letter o Staff attendance sheet o Monthly invoice with proposed

contractual rates o Affidavit regarding staff salary payments o Certificate ensuring

validation of the Securities o Documents regarding Design Cell (if required)

In the regard of Consultancy Work, I was supposed to check the invoices

arithmetically and to make sure that all the requirements have been fulfilled by the

consultant. I also used to prepare the vouchers for payment to the consultant. This was

one of the toughest tasks assigned to me, so I consulted Mr. Faheem and again to avoid

any mistakes and error in it. He always welcomed me and answered my queries very

politely.

Contractors’ Work

After consultancy, I moved to the contractors‟ works. In fact, I had nothing to do

in this regard but just to understand the whole process that how tenders are given to the

contractors, how bidding is conducted and how the contractor with the lowest bid is

assigned the tender.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 20

ORIENTATION & WORKING AT AP SECTION

My fifth scheduled week of internship at NHA was for AP Section. AP stands for

Aided Projects. As the name denotes, this section deals with those projects which are

funded by foreign donor agencies. Major donor agencies include World Bank, UNDP,

Asian Development Bank and Japan Bank for International Cooperation etc. Financing

by these agencies can either be direct or indirect:

Direct Financing

In direct financing because NHA directly negotiates with foreign donor agencies

and signs agreement for loans. There is no third party involved in this type of financing.

Indirect Financing

The Government of Pakistan obtains loans from donor agencies and gives it to

NHA for utilization. All terms & conditions relevant to withdrawal, utilization and

repayment of these loans are set at the time of agreement. Handbooks are provided for

detailed procedures by the agencies.

I worked in Aided Projects Section for 6 days. The first day was scheduled for

orientation session, in which I was told about the functions and operations of the AP

Section. I found the working in AP Section and GOP Section almost the same. The vital

difference was that in GOP the projects were funded by the Government whereas in AP,

all projects are aided projects. So, the work in these two sections was almost the same.

Consultants‟ invoices, contractors‟ bills, etc are processed in the same way as

they were processed in the GOP Section. This section also deals with the establishment of

the employees working on the projects dealt in this section. Foreign currency is also

involved in the projects dealt in Accounts Section AP i.e. the payment is made in both
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 21

local and foreign currencies. What I did in the AP Section were arithmetic verification of

measurement books and maintenance of cash books:

Arithmetic Verification of Measurement Books

In AP Section, the main task assigned to me was the arithmetic verification of

quantities and rates in the measurement books which were already recorded by an

engineer of the project. In those books he provided the original cost of the contract, the

measurement date, mobilization advance and secured advances paid and recovered

validity of the bank guarantees etc. I was supposed to arithmetically check the rates and

quantities recorded in those measurement books. After satisfied verification, tax was

charged and retention money was mentioned along with the details. After that the

vouchers were prepared for the payments of the bill.

Maintenance of Cash Books

In the last days of my fifth week at AP Section, I learnt to maintain the cash books

of a few projects. I have to record the voucher details in the cash books, in a specific

format. This activity was done at the end of each month and as it was the end of July, so I

encountered it in the AP Section. Other than writing the cash books, I used to reconcile

them with the electronic cash books generated by GL Accounting system.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 22

CHAPTER 3

SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis is an acronym that stands for strengths, weakness, opportunities,

and threats SWOT analysis is careful evaluation of an organizations internal strengths and

weakness as well as its environment opportunities and threats.

“The overall evaluation of a company strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is

called SWOT analysis.”

In SWOT analysis the best strategies accomplish an organization’s mission by:

1. Exploiting an organizations opportunities and strength.

2. Neutralizing it threats.

3. Avoiding or correcting its weakness.

SWOT analysis is one of the most important steps in formulating strategy using the

organization mission as a context, managers assess internal strengths distinctive

competencies and weakness and external opportunities and threats. The goal is to then

develop good strategies and exploit opportunities and strengths neutralize threats and avoid

weaknesses.

STRENGTHS

NHA is having a monopoly in construction and development of national

highways and motorways of Pakistan as it manages it all solely.

The working environment for employees at NHA is much better than most of

other public sector organizations.

NHA has a strong commitment and a relationship of trust with the leading

contractors like NLC, FWO etc.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 23

NHA has a strong commitment and a relationship of trust with the associate

authorities like National Highway & Motorway Police.

Sources of revenues are huge in number for NHA like through toll taxes,

restaurant rents, advertising fees, police fines etc.

NHA is having in-house computerized GL Software which is being operated

successfully on the entire organization and creating a platform for the unified data storage

and retrieving.

Despite resource constraints NHA has successfully completed several mega

projects.

NHA is having a strong lobbying from Ministries of Communication and Finance.

WEAKNESSES

 Favoritism practices are common amongst the entire organization.

 Corruption is found at all levels of the organization.

 Political interference especially in recruitment & awarding contracts is found.

 There is no visible evidence of successful leadership in the organization as its

Chairman is appointed out of the organization and not from within.

 Leg pulling of colleagues is a common practice.

 Female employees are very rare which makes NHA Office as male-dominated

organization and gives an impression of discrimination towards women.

 Office assets of the organization are misused. For example, official vehicles are

used for private use.

 Employees‟ evaluation is based entirely on their level of experience and not

performance due to which they are effective but not efficient.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 24

OPPORTUNITIES

Fast growing population and urbanization has created more avenues for work on

for the infrastructure development.

NHA can help in increasing the Foreign Direct Investment - FDI of Pakistan by

attracting more foreign contractors to start their operations in Pakistan.

Highways and Motorways can be a strong means of advertising campaigns that

can add to government revenues Besides awareness campaigns like for protection of the

plants and trees and abiding by the rules and regulations of the roads.

NHA can play an important role in promoting tourism in Pakistan by connecting

the places and people together.

NHA can play an important role in promoting trade providing supply lines.

THREATS

Monopoly of NHA can be affected if government allows other authorities to start

the operations related to construction of roads and communication means or in case of

devolution of the authority to the provinces from the federal government.

Privatization can also be a threat as in case that case working may improve but at

the cost of public interest.

Natural disasters like Tsunami or Earthquakes can destroy the highways and

motorways and can require huge costs for reconstruction.

Due to political interference & favoritism in recruitment, over employment in the

organization is feared.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 25
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 26

CONCLUSION

I found NHA as one of the better organizations as compared to rest of the public

sector organizations. It has rendered a lot of services to Pakistan and the Pakistani People

by enhancing the infrastructure for trade and communication in the country. It is one of

those organizations which can become benchmark for others if just it makes few changes

in its operations and practices. Verbally, the functions of NHA can be categorized as

construction and maintenance of highways and motorway. But in my opinion, it is

providing a platform for the economic progress and stability in the country.

While doing internship at NHA, I got able to equip myself with the experience of

practical life and especially the learning of working in a public sector organization. Most

importantly it taught me how to carry one self inn an organizational setup, how to interact

with people and how to work in group as a team. I think, I was successfully able to gain

sufficient knowledge of office work which will help me throughout my career to polish

my capabilities and to work for my prospective employer in a proper way.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 27

RECOMMENDATIONS

Though two months are not enough to understand and give suggestions for the

improvement of an organization. Yet I will recommend these points on the basis of my

observations:

 Leadership should be strong and changed after a fixed period of time. This will

reduce the stagnancy amongst the operations of NHA and will remove the

biasness from the organization.

 NHA chairman should be from within the organization.

 Attendance through technological means should be taken in order to make the

employees punctual and responsible.

 Proper dress code of employees should be determined, in order to give a proper

look of an office environment.

 Most of the work done at the Finance Wing is through the Trainees who are

working for very limited salary packages. According to observation, most of them

are educated and well qualified. So, if their salaries are increased or if they are

accepted as the permanent employees, they will definitely put their more extra

energies to get their work done.

 Audit should be done twice or thrice a year to reduce the corruption and frauds as

well as to increase the check and balance over the employees.

 A cafeteria must be opened within the premises of its offices so that time wastage

of employees for lunch break should be reduced.

 Recruitment of women on equal opportunity basis be made.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 28

 All the employees should be computer literate and the entire system of NHA be

automated through ERP system.

 Security arrangements should be beefed up especially at those offices where it

shares its offices with National Highway & Motorway Police in wake of the

attacks on security installations.

 Employees‟ evaluation should be made on their performance and not just their

level of experience.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY 29

Annexure
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References

1. http://nha.gov.pk/en/vision-mission/

2. http://nhmp.gov.pk/