Abstract

Solar energy is energy given off in the form of light and heat. There are many

ways to turn this energy into energy we can use, from the high- to low-tech. This is a

very low-tech and cheap method of heating water. 500 mL of water was examined in

this project. It was hypothesized that the temperature of 500 mL of water becomes

increase while heated by sun rays. The 500 mL of water was heated by sun rays by

using materials with good potential to absorb heat, such as the use of dark colors and

stones on the equipment. It also is using materials that reflect light with a good potential

as the use of mirrors and magnifying glass in this project. After 20 minutes, the

temperature of 500 mL of water becomes increased. This case shows the absorption of

heat in water. Based on the results, the equipment has the potential to absorb heat well

and the substances used are also readily available, low cost and environmentally

friendly.

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 Introduction

As the going green movement continues to spread, the use of alternative power

sources has become a way to help preserve the environment. Moreover, the uses of

gas for cooking are most popular. This because the composition of natural gas used

can generate heat in excess of 2000 ° F (1093 ° C) and making it a powerful domestic

cooking. Without realizing it, many users do not know it will harm the environment. The

disadvantages of natural gas are contributed substantially to global carbon emissions.

Furthermore, natural gas itself is a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide.

This case is troubling because many consumers are not aware of alternative measures

that can be used for cooking as well as good for the environment.

One example of green power is solar energy which can be used for a number of

different purposes, including cooking. Solar cooking is using the sun to cook food. It is

a simple, safe, and convenient way to cook without consuming fuel. Solar cooking can

help alleviate the burden on more than 3 billion people who must walk for miles to

collect wood or spend their meager income on fuel. Therefore, solar cookers use the

sun's natural energy to prepare food without the use of a traditional stove or oven and

they offer several key benefits to the environment.

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 Problem Statement

Every student involved with various extra-curricular activities in their school. One

of the extra-curricular activities is including camping. Commonly the activities are taken

a few days and sometimes it is held in the forest or on the school field. Usually, students

will carry equipment such as Coleman Stove, several mini-tube gas and matches as

preparation for cooking during the camp. The students have a problem if common fuel

sources used for cooking include gas, electricity, or wood if they were unavailable for

use. What could they use instead?

This case gives students difficulty to get the fuel sources used for cooking

immediately. Therefore, students need tools that require low cost, easily available and

environmentally friendly.

Objectives

After performing the experiment, users will be able to:

 Think and use alternative ways based on application scientific theory to

overcome their problems in daily life.

 Design an apparatus to cook food with energy from the sun.

 Inculcate an attitude of love for the environment.

Scientific Theory
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 Scientific theory that we used here is absorption and radiation of heat. All

surfaces can absorb and radiate heat. Dark and dull surfaces will absorb and give out

heat better than shiny surfaces. For example, by using spray black color and black

paper in apparatus. Using the stones in this project also helps the absorption of heat

very well. Hence, it can be said that dark and dull surfaces are good absorbers and

good radiators of heat but poor reflectors of heat.

White, shiny surfaces are good reflectors of heat but poor absorbers and

radiators of heat. For example, mirror and CD are good reflectors that we used in this

project.

Magnifying glass in this situation helps to focus sunlight on a substance. This

case because there is a convex lens in a magnifying glass to help focus the light

intensity function at a point. Hence, the accumulation of heat at this point allows the

absorption of heat on the materials.

If we have ever started anything on fire with a magnifying glass, we have used an

uncontrolled solar cooker. The solar cooker we will build will concentrate the sun's rays

in order to achieve a temperature suitable for cooking food. This heat from the sun must

be stored or trapped, in order to reach cooking temperature. In order to trap the heat

efficiently, reflectors, a glass or Plexiglas window, and insulation around the perimeter

will be used. As you build your solar cooker, think about how it would fit into your

lifestyle and how this technology could be used as an alternative fuel source.

Procedures

Apparatus:
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 Aluminium zinc

 Aluminium foil

 Black color spray

 Transparent plastic

 Recycle CD

 Stones

 Mirror

 Magnifying glass

 Thermometer

 Beaker 500mL

 Cardboard paper

 Black paper

Zinc aluminium formed into a box and

black spray paint. Then, aluminum foil
coated on the inside of the box. Pierced
the box and replaced by transparent
plastic.

3 large pieces of glass placed around the

corner of the box and a piece of glass
placed in the box to help the reflection of
5 light to heat water.
 Beaker containing 500ml of the water
volume was placed at the center of the
box. Then the stones are placed around
the beaker. The stones can be function
as a good absorber of heat.

In addition, the CD is used to apply a

piece of cardboard and paper mounted
on aluminium coated zinc. The CD acts
as a heat reflector.

View the complete set

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 Side view of the completed set.

Results

Sample Reading Temperature (0C)

500 ml of water 1 33.0

2 35.0

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 3 38.0

Conclusion

The advantages of solar energy are solar cooking can save you time, work and

fuel, it is also environmentally friendly. Solar cookers are beneficial to the environment

in many ways. They could reduce the need of fuel gathering (wood, coal, or gas) that

can lead to the destruction of forest and agricultural lands. In addition, much of the

waste products from burning fossil fuels would be reduced. There is no need for energy

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derived from the burning of fossil fuels, which in turn reduces harmful greenhouse gas

emissions. However, remember that the majority of our energy is consumed for

transportation, not cooking food.

Besides that, from health aspect, solar cookers do not produce any smoke, which

results in an improved air quality and reduces irritation to the eyes and lungs. Then,

temperatures can reach the point to purify water and to kill bacteria and dangerous

diseases, but only on sunny days. It also eliminates disease caused by inhaling toxins

common to food cooked over wood, decrease health problems related to constant

exposure to smoke and fire and decrease malnutrition due to the decreased availability

of firewood.

However there are disadvantages in terms of solar energy that is weather- it

won't always be sunny out and in some parts of the world the sun is rarely out, solar

cookers aren't very fast- not as fast as a gas or electrical cooker or oven.

As the conclusion, based on the results, the equipment has the potential to

absorb heat well. This is because the equipment is constructed from materials that can

reflect light and absorb heat well. Ingredients are also readily available, low cost and

environmentally friendly. The equipment also can be built anywhere. Use of solar

energy which is the main energy in this material is also very much useful.