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Abstract— The paper deals with simulation of transformer insulation winding end winding fault happen. Interwire fault
interwire faults in Simulink MATLAB. Transformer with short could happen between coils of same or different phases. Short
circuited wires was simulated as multiwinding transformer. circuits between coils and wires of transformer windings are
Model was applied for analysis of transients in power most common for early stages of transformer faults.
transformer, such as interwire fault, transformer inrush, and
fault in transformer connections. Simulation results were In cases of interwire fault transformer can be considered as
compared to experimental data, obtained with laboratory multiwinding transformer [12]. Structural model of ideal
transformer, and showed satisfactory precision. Presented model single-phase transformer in case of interwire fault is presented
allows calculation of transformer fault currents and analysis of on fig.1.
other transients, such as inrush and overload.
I. INTRODUCTION
Power transformers are important part of any electric power
system, and significantly affect the sustainability and reliability
of power supply. The transformer reliability is dependent on
effective relay protection operation. Main problems in relay
protection are failures in case of turn-to-turn fault in the Fig. 1. Structural model of transformer with interwire fault
transformer and in unjustified tripping in case of transients in A. Secondary winding interwire fault
energy system outside the protected zone [1], [2].
In case of short circuit between wires of second winding
As a result of growing energy capacity of modern industry W2 , two magnetically coupled coils are formed. First coil
[3], [4], [5] the failure of relay protection in case of interwire
fault will lead significant damage caused to the transformer by have number of turns W2b = βW2 , β < 1 and is short
fault currents and results high repair costs.
circuited. Second coil have number of turns W2 h = (1 − β )W2 .
The major methods for increasing sensitivity of relay
protection are calculation of components most sensitive to Short circuit current is specified by resistance R2b , leakage
interwire faults from transformer currents. Examples of such inductance Ls 2b , number of short-circuited turns W2b and
components are symmetrical components, dq0 transform,
wavelet transform and other [6], [7], [8], [9]. In order to fault resistance Rarc−b . Calculation of Ls 2b и R2b is
estimate and improve algorithms of relay protection, simulation
established by means of electromagnetic field theory [13],[14].
of transformer transients is required [10], [11].
For a first approximation it is possible to consider, that the
This study is dedicated to development of transformer parameters of short circuited part if winding W2 b are
model in Simulink MATLAB, which would provide
calculation of transformer transients in cases of internal faults proportional to relative number of short circuited turns:
in transformer, and other transients such as transformer inrush,
R2b = βR2 ; Ls 2b = βLs 2 (1)
required for relay protection configuration.
II. TRANSFORMER SIMULATION Where R2 и Ls 2 – resistance and leakage inductance of
Internal short circuits in transformer occur if insulation of secondary winding of healthy transformer, which related to
transformer windings is damaged. In case of main insulation parameters of short circuit Rsc and Lsc by formulas:
damage ground faults take place; in case of longitudinal
u μ 2 = R2 hi2 + L2 h ⋅
di2
+ u2 ; ie = i1 − isc1α − n21 ⋅ (isc 2 β + i2 a ) (7)
dt
C. Simulink MATLAB implementation simulation
dΦ
u μ 2 = n21u μ1 ; u μ1 = W1 ⋅ 1 ; (4) In accordance with previously established set of constitutive
dt equations of transformer, structural diagram of the calculation
di2b (fig.2) was developed.
u μ 2b = R2bi2 + Ls 2b ⋅ + Rarc 2i2 ;
dt
u μ 2b = βn21u μ1 ; i2b = i2 + isc 2
Where Φ1 – magnetic flux of core with length lc , on which
coils W1 и W2 are situated, u 2 – load voltage.
B. Primary winding interwire fault
In case of shirt circuit in primary winding, two magnetically
coupled coils with the number of turns W1b = αW1 and
W1h = (1 − α )W1 are formed. The parameter α is a relative
number of short circuited turns. Parameters of those coils
R1b , Ls1b and R1h , Ls1h are calculated as: Fig. 2. Structural diagram of calculation of transformer constitutive
equations
Ls 2 h = (1 − β ) ⋅ Ls 2 ; R2 h = (1 − β ) ⋅ R2 (5)
978
by means of SimPowerSystems BlockSet. In order to couple
calculation blocks in Simulink with models, made with
SimPowerSystems BlockSet library, model of transformer was
connected through Controlled Current Source and Voltage
Measurement blocks.
Structural diagram of connection of three-phase delta-wye
transformer is represented on fig.3.Each phase of three-phase
transformer represented by single-phase transformer.
Subsystems Phase_A, Phase_B and Phase_C, are structural
diagrams of calculation of single phase transformer constitutive
equation
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulation results are represented by means of
oscillograms of transformer winding currents for cases of
interwire faults, external fault and inrush currents for modelled
power transformer 35\6 kV, 6 MVA.
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transformer (fig.6). Secondary windings currents transients are REFERENCES
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