Experiment No: 11

Experiment Name: Computer Simulation of Three Phase Circuits Using Circuit Simulator.

Objectives:
 To build, simulate, and analyze three-phase circuits using circuit simulator.
 Schematics under balanced and unbalanced conditions.
 To understand the characteristic of 3-phase power transmission circuits.

Introduction:
Electronic circuit simulation uses mathematical models to replicate the behavior of an actual
electronic device or circuit. Simulation software allows for modeling of circuit operation and is
an invaluable analysis tool. Electronics simulation software engages its users by integrating them
into the learning experience. These kinds of interactions actively engage learners to analyze,
synthesize, organize, and evaluate content and result in learners constructing their own
knowledge. In this experiment, the current, voltage, graphs etc. will be found by using circuit
simulator crossing the source of the three phase circuit in balanced and unbalanced both
condition with the Y-𝑌, Y-∆,∆-Y and ∆-∆ configurations.

Required Apparatus:
 A computer with installed circuit simulation software.

Problem-1: Y-Y configuration in Balanced Condition with Simulation.

Solve:
Circuit Design:
In this circuit here,
The phase voltages are Va=170∠0° V, Vb=170∠ − 120° V and Vc=170∠120°V.
and the line impedances are (1+j10)Ω and load impedences are (20+j20)Ω.
Frequency, f=50Hz.

Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

Here the yellow color wave is for Va, green is for Vb and red is for Vc. By this simulation graph
we can see that Vb lag behind Va by 120 degree angle and lead Vc at 120 degree angle.
Problem-2: Y-Y configuration in Unbalanced Condition with Simulation.
Solve:
Circuit Design:

In this circuit here the phase voltages are,

Va=170∠30° V.
Vb=180∠ − 90° V.
Vc=190∠150° V.
with the frequency, f=50Hz.
The line impedances are,
ZL1=(1+𝑗𝜋)Ω
ZL2=(2+j2𝜋)Ω
ZL3=(3+j3𝜋)Ω
ZL4=(4+j4𝜋)Ω
and the load impedances are,
Z1=(20+j2𝜋)Ω
Z2=(40+j4𝜋)Ω
Z3=(60+j6𝜋)Ω
Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

From the simulation graph the Va starts first as yellow signal, Vb second as green signal and at
last Vc as red signal. The Vb lags behind Va as 90 degree angle and leads Vc as 150 degree angle.
Here we see that when Va at the angle 270 the amplitude of Va and Vb are often same but the
amplitude of Vc differs from Va and Vb. The main reason for same amplitude of Va and Vb is the
starting point. Vb lags Va at 90 degree angle and that is similar to 270 degree angle.
Problem-3: Y-Δ configuration in Balanced Condition with Simulation.
Solve:
Circuit Design:

In this circuit, the phase voltages are,

Va=170∠0° V
Vb=170∠-120° V
Vc=170∠120° V
The line impedances are,
ZL=(1+j10)Ω
and the load impedances are,
Z=(20+j20) Ω
Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

By this simulation graph we can see that the amplitudes are same cause they are balanced. Again
Vb lags behind Va by 120 degree angle and leads Vc by 120 degree.

Problem -4: Y-Δ configuration in Unbalanced Condition with Simulation.

Solve:
Circuit Design:
In this circuit the phase voltages are,
Va=170∠30° V.
Vb=180∠ − 90° V.
Vc=190∠150° V.
The line impedances are,
ZL1=(1+𝑗𝜋)Ω
ZL2=(2+j2𝜋)Ω
ZL3=(3+j3𝜋)Ω
and load impedances are,
Z1=(20+j2𝜋)Ω
Z2=(40+j4𝜋)Ω
Z3=(60+j6𝜋)Ω

Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

In this simulation graph we can see that the amplitude of Va, Vb and Vc are different that knows
this is an unbalanced connection. Here the yellow signal is for Va, red is for Vb and orange is for
Vc. Vb lags Va by the angle of 90 degree and leads Vc by the angle of 150 degree.
Problem-5: Δ-Y configuration in Balanced Condition with Simulation.
Solve:
Circuit Design:

In this circuit, the phase voltages are,

Va=170∠0° V.
Vb=170∠ − 120° V.
Vc=170∠120° V.
The line impedances is ZL=(1+j10)Ω
and the load impedances are Z=(20+j20)Ω
Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

In this simulation graph, the yellow color signal is for Va, red is for Vb and orange is for Vc. In
the graph the amplitude are not same but the load impedances and line impedances individually
are same. So, it is a balanced connection. Here Vb lags Va by 120 degree angle and leads Vc by
120 degree.
Problem-6: Δ-Y configuration in Unbalanced Condition with Simulation.
Solve:
Circuit Diagram:

In this circuit the phase voltages are,

Va=170∠30° V.
Vb=180∠ − 90° V.
Vc=190∠150° V.
The line impedances are,
ZL1=(1+𝑗𝜋)Ω
ZL2=(2+j2𝜋)Ω
ZL3=(3+j3𝜋)Ω
and load impedances are,
Z1=(20+j2𝜋)Ω
Z2=(40+j4𝜋)Ω
Z3=(60+j6𝜋)Ω
Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

In this simulation graph, the yellow color signal is for Va, red is for Vb and orange is for Vc. In
the graph the amplitude are not same and also the load impedances and line impedances are not
same. So, it is a unbalanced connection. Here Va leads Vb by 30 degree angle and Vb leads Vc by
90 degree.
Problem-07: Δ- Δ configuration in Balanced Condition with Simulation.
Solve:
Circuit Design:

In this circuit, the phase voltages are,

Va=170∠0° V.
Vb=170∠ − 120° V.
Vc=170∠120° V.
The line impedances is ZL=(1+j10)Ω
and the load impedances are Z=(20+j20)Ω
Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

In this simulation graph, the yellow color signal is for Va, red is for Vb and orange is for Vc. In
the graph the amplitude are same. So, it is a balanced connection. Here Vb lags Va by 120 degree
angle and leads Vc by 120 degree.

Problem-8: Δ- Δ configuration in Unbalanced Condition with Simulation.

Solve:
Circuit Design:
In this circuit the phase voltages are,
Va=170∠30° V.
Vb=180∠ − 90° V.
Vc=190∠150° V.
The line impedances are,
ZL1=(1+𝑗𝜋)Ω
ZL2=(2+j2𝜋)Ω
ZL3=(3+j3𝜋)Ω
and load impedances are,
Z1=(20+j2𝜋)Ω
Z2=(40+j4𝜋)Ω
Z3=(60+j6𝜋)Ω

Simulation Graph:

Result and Discussion:

In this simulation graph, the yellow color signal is for Va, red is for Vb and orange is for Vc. In
the graph the amplitude are not same and also the load impedances and line impedances are not
same. So, it is a unbalanced connection. Here Va leads Vb by 30 degree angle and Vb leads Vc by
90 degree.