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PHYS632 C1 23 Gauss
PHYS632 C1 23 Gauss
PHYS632 C1 23 Gauss
24
•Cartoon - Electric field is analogous to gravitational field
•Opening Demo -
•Warm-up problem
•Physlet /webphysics.davidson.edu/physletprob
•Topics
•Flux
•Electric Flux and Example
•Gauss’ Law
•Coulombs Law from Gauss’ Law
•Isolated conductor and Electric field outside conductor
•Application of Gauss’ Law
•Charged wire or rod
•Plane of charge
•Conducting Plates
•Spherical shell of charge
•List of Demos
–Faraday Ice pail: metal cup, charge ball,
teflon rod, silk,electroscope
! !
a E A #"=0
A E
So, ! = EA cos 0 = EA
! !
b E A "!=0
A
Let " = 45° Then, !
E
! = EA cos 45° = 0.707EA
Summer July 2006 2
Gauss’s Law
nˆ !
" = E n A = E cos # ! A
#
Summer July 2006 4
Approximate Flux
! !
# = $ E " !A
Exact Flux
! !
" = # E ! dA
!
dA = nˆ dA
Circle means you integrate
over a closed surface.
! ! !
" = # E ! dA = ! E cos"dA dA = nˆ dA
qenc
" net =
!0
This result can be extended to any shape surface
with any number of point charges inside and
outside the surface as long as we evaluate the
net flux through it.
# E dA = E # dA = E ! 2"rh
n
q
!= # E ndA =
"0
# = endcaps + side
= 0 + E " 2!rh "h
=
! !0
E " n̂
!
! = 90° E=
Cos90° = 0 2"#0r
Summer July 2006 15
Application of Gauss’s Law
Electric field inside and outside a solid uniformly charged sphere
Er ! r
Er 1
Er !
r2
(similar to gravity)