[DOCUMENT TITLE]

INTRODUCTION

The characterization of watershed covers the physical, biological, social and

economic component of the watershed, as well as the determination of issues,
vulnerability, issues and opportunities for development interventions. In general, it
describes the very nature of the watershed and its component. The physical
characterization typically covers the morphometric features of the watershed, as
well as the land use, geology, climate, hydrology and soils. The biological
component pertains to the flora and fauna in the area. The social and economic
components are normally integrated under the banner socioeconomic, and provide
details on demographic and other relevant information concerning the watershed
occupants and other stakeholders.

Study and analysis of the varying conditions of the water in rivers or any levels
of streams is beneficial and important to agriculture. Wrong estimations of possible
increase in water level especially in agricultural fields nearby the bodies of water
may result into sudden loss of production if storm and flood occurs.

Objectives

This activity was conducted with the following objectives:

1. To be able to calculate the inflow hydrograph from the delineated watershed;

2. To be able to establish an inflow hydrograph for a specific river as provided
from the delineated watershed;
3. To be able to develop an outflow hydrograph for a specific river; and
4. To be able to describe the inflow-outflow hydrograph of the delineated
watershed.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

General Relation of Upstream and Downstream Hydrograph

Flood waves are subject to two principal kinds of movements uniformly

progressive flow and reservoir action. A uniformly progressive flow designates
downstream movement of a flood wave without a change in shape, which would
occur only under ideal conditions in a prismatic channel in which the stage and
discharge are uniquely defined at all places. Reservoir action refers to the
modification of a flood wave by reservoir pondage. Flood-wave movement in
natural-channel systems is probably intermediate between the two ideal conditions
cited, one or the other predominating in a particular place. However, the actual
behavior of the wave is sometimes obscured by the effects of local tributary inflow.
The attenuation effect of what has been called reservoir-type or pondage
storage is illustrated by the performance of a detention or retarding basin a reservoir
impounded by a dam with an outlet at stream level. The outlet conduit is designed
to permit the normal flows of the stream to pass unobstructed, but its capacity is
exceeded by flood discharges. The impounded water creates a sensibly level pool
and discharge through the conduit is related solely to the head long as inflow
exceeds outflow, and is still increasing when peak inflow occurs. Figure 1 shows that
storage and outflow reach a maximum (TP) when inflow equals outflow, but this
equality cannot occur until after inflow has receded from its peak. Therefore,
reservoir or pondage storage always attenuates peak discharge.
The storage generated in a reach of channel by a uniformly progressive wave,
illustrated in figure 2, is completely different. The storage prism varies in shape and in
volume. River stages and storage in a reach are conditioned by the inflow and the
outflow rates. Hence, storage increases rapidly in relation to outflow. Conversely, the
storage decreases rapidly when the flood recedes. Storage is increasing when peak
inflow occurs, and it continues to increase until outflow rises to equal the receding
inflow. At this time the flood crest occupies a central position in the reach. At the
instant of the maximum storage, the net change in storage equals zero and inflow
equals outflow; the upstream stages are decreasing, the downstream stages are
increasing and volume of storage in the reach at that instant is constant. After this
point is passed, outflow continues to increase, partly at the expense of storage in the
reach, until the crest passes the lower end.
Figures 1 and 2 show the difference in the behavior of storage controlled by a
fixed outlet dam and by channel action. The inflow hydrographs, total storage, and
lag between centers of mass of inflow and outflow, are the same in both illustrations.
In reservoir-type storage, as in figure 1, the peak outflow is much less than the peak
inflow, whereas in the uniformly progressive wave, as in figure 2, there is no reduction
in peak discharge. River channel systems are commonly characterized by
alternations of "pools" and "rapids" and of "narrows" and "intervals" which in the
aggregate have much the same attenuating effect as reservoir storage. However,
where the cross section and bottom slope are virtually uniform, little or no attenuation
due to storage can be expected. The action of storage must not be confused with
the attenuating effect of the desynchronized timing of tributary and mainstream
flood peaks.
 Figure 2. Schematic representation of
Figure 1. Schematic representation of
inflow, outflow, and storage in a
reservoir-type storage uniformly progressive wave

Reservoir Routing Methods

Reservoirs have the characteristic that their storage is closely related to their
outflow rate. In reservoir routing methods the storage discharge relation is used for
repeatedly solving the continuity equation, each solution being a step in delineating
the outflow hydrograph. A reservoir method is suited for channel routings if the
channel has the reservoir characteristic. Suitable channels are those with swamps or
other flat areas in the routing reach and with a constriction or similar control at the
foot of the reach. There is an exception to this: a reservoir method is also suitable for
routing through any stream reach if the inflow hydrograph rises and falls so slowly that
nearly steady flow occurs and makes storage in the reach closely related to the
outflow rate. Examples in this part show the use of reservoir methods for both
reservoirs and stream channels.
The Continuity Equation
The continuity equation used in reservoir routing methods is concerned with
conservation of mass: For a given time-interval, the volume of inflow minus the
volume of outflow equals the change in volume of storage. The equation is often
written in the simple form:

(Eq. 1)

In most applications of the continuity equation the flow and storage variables are
expanded as follows:

(Eq. 2)

so that Equation 2 becomes:

(Eq. 3)
Methods and Examples

Two methods of reservoir routing based on the continuity equation are

presented in this section, a mass-curve method and the Storage-Indication method.
The mass-curve nethod is given because it is one of the most versatile of all reservoir
methods. It can be applied numerically or graphically; examples of both versions are
given. The Storage-Indication method is given because it is the method used at the
present time in the SCS electronic computer program for watershed evaluations and
because it is a widely used method for both reservoir and channel routings. Examples
of reservoir and channel routing are given.

Mass-Curve Method: Numerical Version - According to item 52 in reference 5, a mass-

curve method of routing through reservoirs was already in use in 1883. Many other
mass-curve methods have since been developed. The method described here is
similar to a method given in King's "Handbook of Hydraulics," 3rd edition, 1939, pages
522-527; another resembling it is given in "Design of Small Dams," U. S. Bureau of
Reclamation, 1960, pages 250-252.
The method requires the use of elevation-storage and elevation-discharge
relationships either separately or in combination. The input is the mass (or
accumulated) inflow; the output is the mass outflow, outflow hydrograph, and
reservoir storage. The routing operation is a trial-and-error process when performed
numerically, but it is simple and easily done. Each operation is a solution of Equation
4 rewritten in the form:

Equation 4
The routing interval can be either variable or constant. Usually it is more convenient
to use a variable interval, making it small for a large change in mass inflow and large
for a small change. The PSMC of Chapter 21 are tabulated in intervals especially
suited for this method of routing.

Steps in Inflow-Outflow Hydrograph

1. Develop an elevation-discharge curve for the
structure.
2. Develop an elevation-storage curve for the
structure.
3. Develop and plot the curve of mass inflow
(PSMC).
4. Prepare an operations table for the routing.
5. Determine the reservoir storage for the start of
the routing. If the routing is to begin with some
storage already occupied then either the
amount in storage is entered in the first line or
column 5 of the operations or the elevation
storage curve is modified to give a zero storage for the Figure 3. Equations for
conversions of unit
first line. In this example the sediment or dead storage,
which is not to be used in the routing, occupies the reservoir to elevation 580.2
feet as shown in Figure 3. Storage at that elevation is 1.00 inches and because
this is a whole scale unit the storage curve for routing is easily obtained by
 shifting the point of origin as shown in Figure 3. Ordinarily, if the Sediment or
dead storage is some fractional quantity it is better to re-plot the curve to show
zero storage at the elevation where the routing begins. 6.
6. Determine the spillway discharge at the start of the routing. If the spillway is
flowing at the start of the routing the discharge rate is entered in the first line
of column 7 of able 17-5 For this example the starting rate is zero.
7. Do the routing. The trial-and-error procedure goes as follows:
a. Select a time and tabulate it in
column 1, Figure 4.
b. Compute at and enter the result in
column
c. Tabulate in column 3 the mass
inflow for the time in column 1.
d. Assume a mass outflow amount
and enter, it in column 4.
e. Compute the reservoir storage,
which is the inflow of column 3
minus the outflow of column 4, and
enter it in column
f. Determine the instantaneous
discharge rate of the spillway.
Using the elevation-storage curve Figure 4. Operations table for the mass-curve
method of routing
of Figure 1, find the elevation for the
storage of column 5; with that elevation enter the elevation-discharge
curve and find the discharge, tabulating it in column 6. If a storage-
discharge curve is being used, simply enter the curve with the storage and
find the corresponding discharge.
g. Compute the average discharge for at The average is always the
arithmetic mean of the rate determined in step f and the rate for the
 previous time. For the time 0.5 days the rate in column 6 is 0.03 in. /day; for
the previous time the rate is zero; the average rate is (0 + 0.03)/2 = 0.015,
which is rounded to 0.02 in./day. For the time 1.0 days the average is (0.03
+ 0.08)/2 = 0.055, which is rounded to 0.06 in./day; and so on.
h. Compute the outflow for At. Multiply the at of column 2 by the average
rate of column 7 and get the increment of outflow for column 8.
i. Add the outflow increment of column 8 to the total of column 9 for the
previous time and tabulate the sum in column 9.
j. Compare the mass outflow of column 9 with the assumed mass outflow of
column 4. If the two entries agree within the specified degree of accuracy
(0.01 inch, in this routing) then this routing operation is complete and a new
one is begun with step 5. If the two entries do not agree well enough then
assume another mass outflow for column 4 and repeat steps 2.
8. Determine the minimum required storage. Examine the entries in column 5 and
find the largest entry, which is 2.82 inches at 5.3 days. This is the minimum
required storage.

The routing gives the reservoir storages in column 5, outflow hydrograph in

column 6, and mass outflow in column 9, for the times of column 1. Unless the
results are to be used in a report or exhibit, the routing is usually carried only far
enough past the time of maximum storage to ensure that no larger storage will
occur. The mass inflow and outflow for this example are plotted in Figure 5, with
outflow shown only to 8.0 days. If the mass outflow plotting is made during the
routing the trend of the curve indicates the best assumption for the next step in
column 4.
Figure 5. Elevation-storage relationship for a reservoir
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area

Davao del Norte watershed is located near Libuganon village (7.4415° N, 125.7521° E)
in Tagum district, Davao del Norte, which about 27.6 km from Tagum proper. It has an
average elevation of 19.1 meters (62.34 feet). It covers around 7.08 km2 area. Normal annual
rainfall is 965 to 4064 mm. Soil type is under group C.

Materials

 Pen
 Paper
 Laptop
 Calculator

Procedures
a. Establish the project data from the watershed characterization;
b. Establish the field water balance computation;
c. Establish the derivation of reservoir inflow;
d. Establish the reservoir curve fitting;
e. Establish the reservoir operation studies;
f. Establish the reservoir flood routing;
g. Establish the inflow-outflow hydrograph.
h. Discuss the generated inflow-outflow hydrograph from the delineated
watershed.
 DATA GATHERED AND ANALYSIS

Field Water Balance Computation

For the whole year, the delineated place which is Libuganon, Davao del Norte.
Field water balance computation were introduced to evaluate the importance of
different hydrologic parameters under a variety of hydrologic conditions but its
present applications are the most common studies at water resources management
as shown in Table 1. In spite of the simple concept of water balance equation,
specific considerations are need to proper application. With numerous affecting
factors on hydrologic processes, the parsimony trait of water balance equation can
cause huge errors or complexities throughout study processes. It is beyond a general
computation to create an appropriate portrait of water circumstances with a
parsimonious equation that should be considered as an art.
Practically, water balance computations are used in five separate categories
at least: watersheds, groundwater aquifers, farms, urban water distribution networks
and particular areas such as glaciers and landfills; totally, they are directed along
three main lines: watershed hydrology reconstruction, evaluation of water supply
and water demand systems and assessment of climatic changes impacts.
As shown in the Table 1, it has three parts of introduction of crops. It introduced
paddy rice and fallow. Each crops have their respective initial water storage.
Additionally, as the crop changes, its required water for irrigation does increases to.
Thus, with this field water balance computation, water resources management
such as design of water supply systems, flood estimation, water allocation and
use, management of stormwater and wastewater in urban areas, aquatic
ecosystems management, water trading and virtual water can easily be made
that would not cause the loss in production in the nearby land s.
 FIELD WATER BALANCE COMPUTATION

Project Name: BSWM SWIP

Davao del Norte
(Fill-up all cells in read)
Percolation: 1.75 mm/day Irrigation Eff.= 51 %(for Rice)
S.W.H.C.: 20 % 54 %(for Upland Crops)
PET Stn : DAVAO CITY
Aver.PET: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
3.40 3.70 4.10 4.30 4.00 3.50 3.50 3.80 3.70 3.70 3.60 3.40

Cropping Pattern:1st crop (Paddy Rice, Corn, Tobacco, Vegetables, Garlic, Onion ): Paddy Rice 2nd Crop (Paddy Rice, Corn, Tobacco, Tomato, Peanut,Garlic, Onion
Paddy
): Rice
3rd Crop (Tomato, Garlic, Onion, Garlic, Peanut, Fallow ): Fallow

Starting Month (May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Nov-Dec): Nov-Dec Starting Decade: ( 31-36 ): 31

FIRST CROP: Paddy Rice ( 1 )

Previous/Initial STOR = 26.90 mm
Press to Calculate

DECADE RAIN, @ AVE. PET CROP CROP ROOT AET PERCO- CHANGE INITIAL STOR IRRIG DRAINAGE IRRIG SYSTEM
80 % COEFF. DEPTH LATION IN STOR STOR EFF IRRIG

31 4.87 36.00 1.00 0 36.00 17.50 -48.63 -21.74 100.00 121.74 0.00 0.51 238.70
32 3.18 36.00 1.00 0 36.00 17.50 -50.32 49.68 49.68 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
33 3.12 36.00 1.00 0 36.00 17.50 -50.38 -0.70 65.00 65.70 0.00 0.51 128.82
34 1.84 34.00 1.00 0 34.00 17.50 -49.66 15.34 50.00 34.66 0.00 0.51 67.96
35 1.44 34.00 1.00 0 34.00 17.50 -50.06 -0.06 50.00 50.06 0.00 0.51 98.16
36 2.06 37.40 1.00 0 37.40 19.25 -54.59 -4.59 50.00 54.59 0.00 0.51 107.03
1 2.32 34.00 1.00 0 34.00 17.50 -49.18 0.82 50.00 49.18 0.00 0.51 96.43
2 2.52 34.00 1.00 0 34.00 17.50 -48.98 1.02 50.00 48.98 0.00 0.51 96.05
3 2.23 37.40 1.00 0 37.40 19.25 -54.42 -4.42 45.00 49.42 0.00 0.51 96.91
4 3.82 37.00 1.00 0 37.00 17.50 -50.68 -5.68 45.00 50.68 0.00 0.51 99.37
5 3.27 37.00 1.00 0 37.00 17.50 -51.23 -6.23 45.00 51.23 0.00 0.51 100.45
6 1.83 29.60 1.00 0 29.60 14.00 -41.77 3.23 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
7 1.88 41.00 1.00 0 41.00 17.50 -56.62 -53.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
Sub-Total 34.37 463.40 227.50 576.24 0.00 1,129.88
SECOND CROP: Paddy Rice ( 1 )
Previous/Initial STOR = 3.50 mm

DECADE RAIN, @ AVE. PET CROP CROP ROOT AET PERCO- CHANGE INITIAL STOR IRRIG DRAINAGE IRRIG SYSTEM
80 % COEFF. DEPTH LATION IN STOR STOR EFF IRRIG

8 1.29 45.10 1.00 0 45.10 17.50 -61.31 -57.81 100.00 157.81 0.00 0.51 309.44
9 1.34 43.00 1.00 0 43.00 19.25 -60.91 39.09 39.09 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
10 1.99 43.00 1.00 0 43.00 17.50 -58.51 -19.42 65.00 84.42 0.00 0.51 165.53
11 4.57 43.00 1.00 0 43.00 17.50 -55.93 9.07 50.00 40.93 0.00 0.51 80.25
12 5.34 40.00 1.00 0 40.00 17.50 -52.16 -2.16 50.00 52.16 0.00 0.51 102.27
13 22.68 40.00 1.00 0 40.00 17.50 -34.82 15.18 50.00 34.82 0.00 0.51 68.28
14 36.49 40.00 1.00 0 40.00 17.50 -21.01 28.99 28.99 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
15 26.86 44.00 1.00 0 44.00 19.25 -36.39 -7.41 50.00 57.41 0.00 0.51 112.57
16 33.58 35.00 1.00 0 35.00 17.50 -18.92 31.08 31.08 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
17 36.49 35.00 1.00 0 35.00 17.50 -16.01 15.07 45.00 29.93 0.00 0.51 58.68
18 36.34 35.00 1.00 0 35.00 17.50 -16.16 28.84 28.84 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00
19 85.35 35.00 1.00 0 35.00 17.50 32.85 61.69 10.00 0.00 51.69 0.51 0.00
20 76.25 35.00 1.00 0 35.00 17.50 23.75 33.75 0.00 0.00 33.75 0.51 0.00
Sub-Total 368.56 513.10 231.00 457.48 85.44 897.02
THIRD CROP: Fallow ( 3 ) Previous/Initial STOR = 72.58 mm

DECADE RAIN, @ AVE. PET CROP CROP ROOT AET PERCO- CHANGE INITIAL STOR IRRIG DRAINAGE IRRIG SYSTEM
80 % COEFF. DEPTH LATION IN STOR STOR EFF IRRIG

21 68.91 38.50 0 0.00 34.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 68.84 38.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 68.84 103.30 0.00 0.00 103.30 0.00 0.00
23 71.33 38.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 71.33 71.33 0.00 0.00 71.33 0.00 0.00
24 117.56 41.80 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 117.56 117.56 0.00 0.00 117.56 0.00 0.00
25 68.18 37.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 68.18 68.18 0.00 0.00 68.18 0.00 0.00
26 65.40 37.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 65.40 65.40 0.00 0.00 65.40 0.00 0.00
27 76.53 37.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 76.53 76.53 0.00 0.00 76.53 0.00 0.00
28 13.81 37.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 13.81 13.81 0.00 0.00 13.81 0.00 0.00
29 17.60 37.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 17.60 17.60 0.00 0.00 17.60 0.00 0.00
30 20.82 40.70 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 20.82 20.82 0.00 0.00 20.82 0.00 0.00
Sub-Total 589.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 554.55 0.00
TOTAL 991.93 976.50 458.50 1,033.72 639.99 2,026.90

Table 1. Field Water Balance Computation

 Derivation of Reservoir Inflow

As shown in Figure 2, for the whole year, the researcher calculated the reservoir
inflow for the 708 ha of the delineated watershed situated at Libuganon, Davao
del Norte. The figure below shows the rainfall depth, runoff coefficients, direct
runoff, baseflow and its respected reservoir inflow. For the whole year for the
watershed had a 1,966,264 m3 of reservoir inflow.
DERIVATION OF RESERVOIR INFLOW
(Fill-up all cells in red) Press to Calculate

PROJECT: BSWM SWIP WATERSHED AREA: 708.00 hectares

Davao del Norte

RNGROUP (1 or 2): 1 ISLAND (Luzon, Visayas,Mindanao): Mindanao

REGION NO. (9-12): 11 (Make sure that all entries are correct)

RAINFALL RUNOFF DIRECT BASEFLOW RESERVOIR INFLOW

Month Decade 80% Dep COEFFICIENTS RUNOFF
(mm.) RC (mm.) (mm.) (mm.) (m3)

Jan 1 2.32 0.17 0.39 0.07 0.47 3,315

2 2.52 0.17 0.43 0.07 0.49 3,503
3 2.23 0.17 0.38 0.07 0.45 3,182
Feb 4 3.82 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 457
5 3.27 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 66
6 1.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9
Mar 7 1.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
8 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
9 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Apr 10 1.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
11 4.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
12 5.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
May 13 22.68 0.12 2.72 0.00 2.72 19,266
14 36.49 0.12 4.38 0.39 4.77 33,765
15 26.86 0.12 3.22 0.68 3.91 27,665
Jun 16 33.58 0.12 4.03 0.56 4.59 32,500
17 36.49 0.12 4.38 0.66 5.04 35,673
18 36.34 0.12 4.36 0.72 5.08 35,998
Jul 19 85.35 0.29 24.75 0.73 25.48 180,401
20 76.25 0.29 22.11 3.66 25.77 182,467
21 68.91 0.29 19.98 3.70 23.69 167,694
Aug 22 68.84 0.29 19.96 3.40 23.37 165,432
23 71.33 0.29 20.69 3.36 24.04 170,218
24 117.56 0.29 34.09 3.45 37.55 265,823
Sep 25 68.18 0.26 17.73 5.39 23.12 163,676
26 65.40 0.26 17.00 3.32 20.32 143,899
27 76.53 0.26 19.90 2.92 22.82 161,542
Oct 28 13.81 0.26 3.59 3.28 6.87 48,623
29 17.60 0.26 4.58 0.99 5.56 39,379
30 20.82 0.26 5.41 0.80 6.21 43,988
Nov 31 4.87 0.23 1.12 0.89 2.01 14,243
32 3.18 0.23 0.73 0.29 1.02 7,226
33 3.12 0.23 0.72 0.15 0.86 6,116
Dec 34 1.84 0.22 0.40 0.12 0.53 3,742
35 1.44 0.22 0.32 0.08 0.39 2,780
36 2.06 0.22 0.45 0.06 0.51 3,615
TOTAL >>> 991.93 237.84 39.88 277.72 1,966,264.00

Figure 2. Derivation of Reservoir Inflow

Reservoir Curve Fitting

After establishing the reservoir inflow, the researcher does establish now the
reservoir curve fitting as shown in Figure 3. In this figure, using the elevation based
on the contour from the delineated watershed, the researcher calculated its
accumulated storage for the delineated watershed.

RESERVOIR CURVE FITTING

Project Name : BSWM SWIP

Davao del Norte
(Fill up cells in red)
Countour Interval 1

CONTOUR AREA AVERAGE INCREMENTAL ACCUMULATED

ELEV. WITHIN AREA VOLUME STORAGE
CONTOUR (sq.m.) (cu.m.) (cu.m.)

98 34.10 0.00
99 440.79 237.45 237.45 237
100 1,915.29 1,178.04 1,178.04 1,415
101 3,390.78 2,653.04 2,653.04 4,068
102 4,194.08 3,792.43 3,792.43 7,860
103 5,082.18 4,638.13 4,638.13 12,498
104 6,563.24 5,822.71 5,822.71 18,321
105 10,040.55 8,301.90 8,301.90 26,623
106 13,690.44 11,865.50 11,865.50 38,488
107 17,557.84 15,624.14 15,624.14 54,112
108 21,607.23 19,582.54 19,582.54 73,695
109 25,968.90 23,788.07 23,788.07 97,483
110 30,440.02 28,204.46 28,204.46 125,687
111 35,307.37 32,873.70 32,873.70 158,561
112 40,174.26 37,740.82 37,740.82 196,302
113 45,820.32 42,997.29 42,997.29 239,299

Figure 3. Reservoir Curve Fitting

 Reservoir Operation Studies

For this part, it establishes the operation studies for each cropping during the
whole year as stipulated in the Field water balance computation. The data
gathered is shown below in figure 4.
RESERVOIR OPERATION STUDIES

PROJECT : BSWM SWIP

Press to Calculate
LOCATION: Davao del Norte
(Fill up all cells in red for the trial Design Service Area per cropping and NWS Elev)
CPATTERN: Paddy Rice - Paddy Rice - Fallow
( 15.00 0.00 0.00 )
NWS ELEV= 111.00 NWS STOR= 151,654 A1= 48.60734 A2= 69.49949
Min ELEV= 102.00 Min STOR= 9,438 B1= 0.07721088 B2= 0.039059862
Strt ELEV 111.00 (Pls. See Elev Strt STOR 151,654 C1= 10,000 C2= 9,000
@ last decade)
First Crop: Paddy Rice Area: 15.00 ha
DECADE INFLOW SYSTEM EVAP RATE DEMAND EVAP LOSS TOTAL STORAGE ELEV SPILL SHORTAGE
REQMT RELEASE
i (m.^3) (m.) (m.) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.) (m.^3) (m.^3)
31 14,243 0.239 0.036 35,805 1,172 36,977 130,092 110.38 0 0
32 7,226 0.000 0.036 0 1,137 1,137 137,318 110.60 0 0
33 6,116 0.129 0.036 19,323 1,120 20,443 124,111 110.19 0 0
34 3,742 0.068 0.034 10,194 1,007 11,201 117,659 109.97 0 0
35 2,780 0.098 0.034 14,724 957 15,681 105,715 109.55 0 0
36 3,615 0.107 0.037 16,055 978 17,033 93,275 109.06 0 0
1 3,315 0.096 0.034 14,465 820 15,284 82,126 108.57 0 0
2 3,503 0.096 0.034 14,408 751 15,158 71,221 108.03 0 0
3 3,182 0.097 0.037 14,537 744 15,280 59,867 107.39 0 0
4 457 0.099 0.037 14,906 632 15,538 45,418 106.40 0 0
5 66 0.100 0.037 15,068 500 15,568 30,417 105.07 0 0
6 9 0.000 0.030 0 345 345 30,426 105.07 0 0
7 1 0.000 0.041 0 479 479 30,427 105.07 0 0

Pre. ELEV= 105.07 Pre. STOR= 30,395

Second Crop: Paddy Rice Area: 0.00
DECADE INFLOW SYSTEM EVAP DEMAND EVAP LOSS TOTAL STORAGE ELEV SPILL SHORTAGE
REQMT RATE RELEASE
i (m.^3) (m.) (m.) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.) (m.^3) (m.^3)
8 0 0.309 0.045 0 526 526 30,395 105.07 0 0
9 0 0.000 0.043 0 502 502 30,395 105.07 0 0
10 0 0.166 0.043 0 502 502 30,395 105.07 0 0
11 0 0.080 0.043 0 502 502 30,395 105.07 0 0
12 0 0.102 0.040 0 467 467 30,395 105.07 0 0
13 19,266 0.068 0.040 0 559 559 49,661 106.72 0 0
14 33,765 0.000 0.040 0 790 790 83,426 108.63 0 0
15 27,665 0.113 0.044 0 1,129 1,129 111,091 109.75 0 0
16 32,500 0.000 0.035 0 1,067 1,067 143,591 110.78 0 0
17 35,673 0.059 0.035 0 1,175 1,175 151,654 111.00 27,610 0
18 35,998 0.000 0.035 0 1,194 1,194 151,654 111.00 35,998 0
19 180,401 0.000 0.035 0 1,194 1,194 151,654 111.00 180,401 0
20 182,467 0.000 0.035 0 1,194 1,194 151,654 111.00 182,467 0

Third Crop: Fallow Area 0.00 ha

Pre. ELEV= 111.00 Pre. STOR= 151,654
DECADE INFLOW SYSTEM EVAP RATE DEMAND EVAP LOSS TOTAL STORAGE ELEV SPILL SHORTAGE
REQMT RELEASE
i (m.^3) (m.) (m.) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.^3) (m.) (m.^3) (m.^3)
21 167,694 0.000 0.039 0 1,314 1,314 151,654 111.00 166,380 0
22 165,432 0.000 0.038 0 1,297 1,297 151,654 111.00 165,432 0
23 170,218 0.000 0.038 0 1,297 1,297 151,654 111.00 170,218 0
24 265,823 0.000 0.042 0 1,426 1,426 151,654 111.00 265,823 0
25 163,676 0.000 0.037 0 1,263 1,263 151,654 111.00 163,676 0
26 143,899 0.000 0.037 0 1,263 1,263 151,654 111.00 143,899 0
27 161,542 0.000 0.037 0 1,263 1,263 151,654 111.00 161,542 0
28 48,623 0.000 0.037 0 1,263 1,263 151,654 111.00 48,623 0
29 39,379 0.000 0.037 0 1,263 1,263 151,654 111.00 39,379 0
30 43,988 0.000 0.041 0 1,389 1,389 151,654 111.00 43,988 0

Figure 4. Reservoir Operation Studies

 Reservoir Flood Routing

For the 708 ha. drainage area, the data below in Figure 5 is the reservoir flood
routing or the inflow-outflow for the time interval of 0.4 hr,.
RESERVOIR FLOOD ROUTING

TIME INCR: 0.40 SPILLWAY

PROJ : BSWM SWIP RCF WIDTH: 4.00
Location: Davao del Norte A2 = 69.49949 CREST EL: 111.00
B2 = 0.03905986 NWS STO: 151,654
Start Trial Calculation Start Fast Calculation
C2 = 9,000.00 NWS+1 STO: 193,120
TIME INFLOW TRIAL EL OUTFLOW CHANGE IN STORAGE COMP EL
Iq Ivol ELt Oq Ovol STORAGE
hr cms. m^3 m. cms. m^3 m^3 m^3 m.

0.00 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000

0.40 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000
0.80 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000
1.20 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000
1.60 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000
2.00 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000
2.40 0.00 0.00 111.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 151,654 111.0000
2.80 0.02 15.65 111.0004 0.00 0.04 15.62 151,669 111.0004
3.20 0.11 97.63 111.0030 0.00 0.83 96.79 151,766 111.0030
3.60 0.37 348.10 111.0122 0.01 7.38 340.71 152,107 111.0122
4.00 0.97 967.82 111.0370 0.05 41.54 926.28 153,033 111.0371
4.40 2.35 2,393.80 111.0959 0.20 180.65 2,213.15 155,246 111.0959
4.80 4.81 5,158.54 111.2139 0.67 631.29 4,527.25 159,773 111.2140
5.20 8.40 9,513.01 111.4090 1.78 1,769.16 7,743.84 167,517 111.4090
5.60 13.10 15,480.57 111.6824 3.84 4,049.80 11,430.77 178,948 111.6824
6.00 18.92 23,059.78 112.0225 7.05 7,840.67 15,219.11 194,167 112.0226
6.40 25.86 32,243.03 112.4130 11.45 13,316.85 18,926.18 213,093 112.4130
6.80 33.89 43,021.16 112.8383 16.99 20,474.23 22,546.92 235,640 112.8384
7.20 43.03 55,385.99 113.2873 23.58 29,207.85 26,178.14 261,818 113.2873
7.60 53.26 69,330.58 113.7523 31.12 39,384.26 29,946.32 291,765 113.7524
8.00 64.58 84,848.88 114.2288 39.54 50,879.94 33,968.94 325,734 114.2288
8.40 76.17 101,342.47 114.7076 48.66 63,506.09 37,836.38 363,570 114.7076
8.80 84.30 115,539.50 115.1540 57.71 76,583.45 38,956.05 402,526 115.1540
9.20 90.00 125,495.30 115.5371 65.87 88,975.82 36,519.48 439,046 115.5371
9.60 86.00 126,716.16 115.8069 71.83 99,146.16 27,570.00 466,616 115.8069
10.00 62.66 107,032.07 115.8364 72.50 103,916.32 3,115.75 469,731 115.8364
10.40 10.12 52,402.98 115.3911 62.72 97,353.99 (44,951.01) 424,780 115.3912
10.80 2.98 9,431.68 114.6085 46.72 78,796.13 (69,364.45) 355,416 114.6085
11.20 1.04 2,891.14 113.8819 33.35 57,648.01 (54,756.87) 300,659 113.8819
11.60 0.00 748.64 113.2679 23.28 40,770.19 (40,021.54) 260,637 113.2680
12.00 0.00 0.00 112.7769 16.14 28,384.94 (28,384.94) 232,252 112.7769

Figure 5. Reservoir Flood Routing

 From the gathered data in figure 5, the output for this reservoir flood routing is
shown in figure 6 which is the inflow-outflow hydrograph. I this graph, the time that
has the greatest discharge for the inflow hydrograph is 90 m 3/s at 9.2 hrs while for
the outflow hydrograph, the greatest discharge garners 72.50 m 3/s only at its 10th hr.

INFLOW-OUTFLOW HYDROGRAPH
100.00
90.00
90.00 84.30 86.00

80.00 76.17

70.00 64.58
62.66

60.00
53.26
DISCHARGE Q, cms.

50.00
43.03

40.00 33.89

30.00 25.86

18.92
20.00
13.10
10.12
8.40
10.00 4.81
2.35 2.98
0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.020.110.370.97 1.040.000.00
0.00
0.00

0.80

1.60

2.40

3.20

4.00

4.80

5.60

6.40

7.20

8.00

8.80

9.60

10.40

11.20

TIME, Hrs. 12.00

Figure 6. Inflow-Outflow Hydrograph