AIM:

To study the design

strategies in Nashik.

ABSTRACT:

Nashik today is one of

the fastest growing
cities in India and has
even been identified
as a tier-2 metro. The
city's economy is driven chiefly by the engineering and manufacturing industry (which
has been around since the seventies) as well as the progressive agriculture in area
surrounding the city. Auto majors such as Mahindra and Mahindra, BOSCH and Original
Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) such as VIP, Samsonite, CEAT etc. have their plants
here and have spawned a huge network of auto component suppliers and engineering
ancillary services. It is also a pharmaceutical hub with presence of GlaxoSmithKline,
Glenmark and Fem Pharma. In recent years, Nashik has also carved a niche for itself
as India's "Napa Valley" and locally established wine brands such as "Sula" have
attained international acclaim. Modern efforts are on to promote the growth of an export-
oriented rose farming and wine industry in the district. Nashik is also deemed "the third
most industrialised city of Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune", mainly due to
extensive industrial development in recent times. It is home to an important thermal
power plant (Eklahare) and a National Treasury Printing Press (India Security Press at
Nashik Road). HAL, one of the Navratnas of Government of India is also located at
Ozar, Nashik. There are five "Industrial Zones" in the Nashik area and its outskirts
(Satpur, Ambad, Sinnar, Igatpuri and Dindori). Nashik has a number of sugar mills. It is
also chief exporter of white onions, grapes and pomegranates. Mumbai-Pune-Nashik is
being seen to be developed as Golden Triangle of Maharashtra and accordingly
infrastructural facilities are being developed by the Government.
CLIMATE:

Nashik's climate is classified as tropical. The summers are much rainier than the winters
in Nashik. In Nashik, the average annual temperature is 24.7 °C. About 812 mm of
precipitation falls annually.

CLIMATE GRAPH // WEATHER BY MONTH NASHIK

Precipitation is the lowest in

February, with an average of 0 mm.
The greatest amount of precipitation
occurs in July, with an average of
248 mm.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE NASHIK

At an average temperature of 29.5 °C,
May is the hottest month of the year.
The lowest average temperatures in
the year occur in January, when it is
around 20.4 °C.
NASHIK WEATHER BY MONTH // WEATHER AVERAGES

Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 248 mm. The
variation in temperatures throughout the year is 9.1 °C.

Summer: March, April and May are the hottest months. During April and May
thunderstorms are common all over the state. Temperature varies between 22°C-39°C
during this season.

Rainy: Rainfall starts normally in the first week of June. July is the wettest month in
Maharashtra, while August too gets substantial rain. Monsoon starts its retreat with the
coming of September from the state.

Winter: Cool dry spell, with clear skies gentle breeze and pleasant weather prevails
from November to February. But the eastern part of Maharashtra sometimes receives
some rainfall. Temperature varies between 12°C-34°C during this season.

Rainfall: Rainfall in Maharashtra differs from region to region. Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri
and Sindhudurg districts, receive heavy rains of an average of 200 centimeters
annually. But the districts of Nasik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Dhule, Jalgaon, Satara, Sangli,
Solapur and parts of Kolhapur get rainfall less than 50 centimeters. Rainfall particularly
concentrates to the Konkan and Sahyadrian Maharashtra. Central Maharashtra
receives less rainfall. However, under the influence of the Bay of Bengal, eastern
Vidarbha receives good rainfall in July, August and September.
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION/TOPOGRAPHY:

Nashik lies in the northern part of Maharashtra state at 584 m (1,916 ft) from the mean
sea level which gives it ideal temperature variation, particularly in winters.

The river Godavari originates from the Brahmagiri Mountain, Trimbakeshwar about
24 km (15 mi) from Nashik and flows through the old residential settlement, now in the
central part of the city. Due to high pollution created by factories in proximity of the city
the river was dying at an alarming rate. It has since been successfully cleaned. Other
than Godavari, important rivers like Vaitarana, Bhima, Girana flow across Nashik.

Nashik lies on the western edge of the Deccan Plateau which is a volcanic formation.

Trimbakeshwar is about 30 km (19 mi) from the city, it is where from

river Godavari originates. The land area of the city is about
259.13 km2 (100.05 sq mi) Anjaneri near Nashik is the birthplace of lord Hanuman.

Region is divided in to three divisions,

1 .Western Region - Tribal belt ( Surgana,peth,trimbakeshwar)

2 .Central Region- Baglan, Kalwan, Devla, Dindori

3 .Eastern Region- Malegoan, Nandgoan, Niphad

A) Western Region - In the western region the edge of sahyadri's decan plateau which
covers major part of tribal belt Surgana, Peth,Trinbakeshwar. The height of these
ranges 200 to 600m towards west and they are dissected valleys by streams flowing
toward west.The forest area lie in this part of the district it covers 3.20.668 hec which is
20.5% of the geophraphical area.The talulas like peth surgana, kkalwan dindori igatpuri
have maximum forest area Teak,Sissov trees are found in this area.

B) Central Region- This area is covered by hills it ranges from north to east and west
to east direction from which include Baglan, Kalwan,devala, North it has chanwad, and
dindori west it has Nashik and south it has igatpuri .The hilly area of these ranges are
towards north and the height of these ranges are 1300 in west it decreases to 710
meter towards east near galan fort.

C) East region- the height of this pleatue varies toward east from 400 to 600meters
This area covers 59% Malegoan, nandgoan, niphad, yelva, Trimbak-Anjaneri stretches
toward east from Nashik and igatpuri tahsils and even highest peak is in this region
Kalsubai (1646 meter) it is highest in Maharashtra.

RIVERS:

Tapti River : The Tapi River flows in central India from east to west, between the
Godavari and Narmada rivers. It flows through Surat, and is crossed by the Magdalla
ONGC Bridge.

Godavari River : The Godavari is the second longest river in India after the
river Ganges having its source at Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra. It starts
in Maharashtra and flows east for 1,465 kilometres (910 mi) emptying into Bay of
Bengal.

Nasardi River : Nasardi is

an insignificant tributary of
Godavari which course
through the city of Nashik,
Maharashtra. The river is
not notified as yet. The
river begins on the
northern face the eastern
spurs of Anjaneri hills to south-west of Nashik.

Darna River : Darna is a minor right-bank tributary of Godavari in the Nashik

District, Maharashtra. Rising north of the Kalsubai range, it drains Igatpuri, Nashik and
Niphad Talukas of Nashik District.The conjunction with Godavari is situated at
Darnasangvi.

In Nashik city a fairly

good number of tress
have been planted in
the last few decades
and the newly
developed tress
became graceful elements in the city’s landscape. Most of these tress are exotic and
hence does put on the record of traditional floras, A fairly good number of exotic tree
species were reported in the area due to their introduction in the past 2-3 decades by
Municipal Corporation, social forestry department, nursery and industry owners etc. On
the other hand many indigenous trees have been depleted due to increasing
urbanization Most of the exotic trees have been acclimatized well and increased the
greenery and beauty of the city. It is observed that some of the trees have provided
shelter for birds and insect pollinators while few produce allergic pollens

The district is reported to have abundant wildlife and birds a score of years ago
(Anonymous 1975). Their disappearance from the area could be attributed mainly to the
opening up of these forests, felling of forests for cultivation and poaching activities of the
adivasis. Panthera Tigris (tiger), Acinoyx jubatus (chitta), Axis axis (spotted deer),
Boselaphus tragocamelus (Nilgai), Melursus urisnus (aswal) and various other animals,
which were in considerable number prior to 1880, have now disappeared. The present
position of game is precarious. The very existence of animals in the district forests is in
danger unless serious remedial measures are taken to rectify the situation. During field
visits a large number of animals were recorded belonging to mammals, reptiles and
birds.

Reptiles: Reptiles are the cold blooded animals and highly developed creatures. During
the present study following dominant common reptiles were observed in various places
of district, i.e., valleys, grasslands and plains.

Birds: Birds are warm blooded vertebrates able to survive in greater climatic extremes
than other animals. The migrant birds commonly fly at up to 7000 m. North Sahyadri is
an important locality for birds because of the favourable natural set up. The area shows
plains, valleys, hilly regions and aquatic zones with different plant communities. They
include naturally occurring herbs, shrubs and different birds for their nesting as well as
for residence. Nashik district is bestowed with varied habitats where up to 325 bird
species have been noted by Nature Conservation Society in 2004. In the present study
different species of birds have been recorded.

The present study revealed that the northern Sahyadri is a good native habitat for
all the species discussed here. The present investigation recorded the common fauna
comprising of 19 mammal species, 7 reptile species and 51 bird species. In the Nashik
district, Panthera Tigris was common in the area in the past but due to heavy
deforestation this has become extinct in 1998. Hence, it is necessary to make protective
measures to conserve the fauna.
HISTORY:

Nashik is a historically, mythologically, socially and culturally important city in the

northern part of the state of Maharashtra in India. It is known for the temples on the
banks of the Godavari and it has historically been one of the holy sites of
the Hindu religion. It is one of the four cities that hosts the massive Sinhastha Kumbh
Mela once every twelve years.

Nashik was known as Panchavati before Ramayana period. Nashik has

mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks
of the Godavari River, making it one of the holiest places for Hindus all over the world.
Nashik has a rich historical past, as the mythology has it that Lord Rama, the King
of Ayodhya, made Nashik his abode during his 14 years in exile. At the same place Lord
Laxman, by the wish of Lord Rama, cut the nose of "Shurpnakha" and thus this city was
named as "Nashik".

After the fall of the Satavahana empire, the Abhiras or Ahirs ruled in the north
east and the Chutus in Maharashtra and Kuntala. The Puranas state that ten Abhiras
ruled for, 67 years. The Nasik inscription speaks of king Madhuriputra Ishvarasena, the
Abhir and a son of Shivadatla. This dynasty originated in A. D. 249-50, an era
called Kalachuri or Chedi in later times.

In Kritayuga, Nashik was 'Trikantak', 'Janasthana' in Dwaparyuga and later in Kuliyuga it

became 'Navashikh' or 'Nashik'. Classical Sanskrit poets
like Valmiki, Kālidāsa and Bhavabhuti have paid rich tributes here. In 150 BC Nashik
was the country's largest market place. From 1487 A.D, the province came under the
rule of Mughals and its name was changed Gulshanabad. It was also home of Emperor
Akbar who wrote at length about Nashik in Ein-e-Akbari. It was also known as the 'Land
of the Brave' during the regime of Shivaji.

The most important historical significance is that Kumbh Mela is conducted at Nashik
once every twelve years, out of 4 places in India.
ANCIENT NASHIK

 Mauryan Dynasty
 Satavahana Dynasty (207 BC - 199 AD)
 Abhira Dynasty (220-377 AD)
 Traikutakas (490 AD)
 Vishnukundins
 Kalachuris (550-573 AD)
 Chalukyas of Badami(543 AD - 754 AD)
 Rashtrakuta Dynasty (754 AD - 950 AD)
 Chalukyas (? - 1157 AD)
 Yadavas (? - 1318 AD)
 Maratha period
 British period

Some of the major events in history of Nashik in last three centuries were:

 1615: The city was captured by Moguls(Kaustubh Shimpi) from Nijamshah Sultan and
name changed to "Gulshanabad".
 1634: The city was recaptured by Shahaji Raje for his new state of Nijamshah
Headquartered in Pemgiri(Near Sangamner)
 1636: Shahaji Raje made Pact with Mogul Nashik again moved to Mogul rule
 1663: Netaji Palkar recovered "Chauthai" from Nashik for Shivaji of Pune
 1673: Jadhavrao and Siddi Halal left job of Mogul and joined army of Shivaji on Tribak
Fort thus Nashik became part of Maratha rule
 1685: Aurangzeb Captured Nashik City during Sambhaji's rule.
 1695: City was raided by Santaji followed by Temporary Maratha Rule
 1719: Officially Shahu got right to collect "Chauthai" of City from Moguls of Delhi
 1725: The city frequently camped by Marathas who heading to Malwa, Gujrat for
campaigns.
 1734: The city name was restored to 'NASHIK'.
 1862: Nashik Road railway station was built.
 1864: Nashik Municipality formed
 1869: Nashik district formed.
KUMBH MELA:

Kumbh Mela
is the most
important
Hindu spiritual
gathering in
India that
comes once
every three
years, rotating between four major Hindu pilgrim centers of India - Allahabad, Haridwar,
Ujjain and Nasik. The Maha (Grand) Kumbh is held every 12th year in each of the
following four locations. 2007

Maha Kumbh Mela is scheduled to be held at Nashik in Maharastra. In Maharashtra,

the festival is held in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik. The Nashik Kumbh Mela is generally
considered to be the most sacred of all the festivals. Kumb Mela in Nashik, like other
fairs is also a mammoth affair attending by nearly three and a half million pilgrims.
Thousands of sadhus and holy men and millions of pilgrims take dip in the holy
Ramkund and Kushavarta reservoirs. August 14th and 25th and September 8th and 20th
are regarded to be the peak of the festival days. Residential arrangement for Sadhus is
made in Tapobhumi called Tapovan on left bank of Godavari River.
 POPULATION:

As per provisional reports of Census

India, population of Nashik in 2011 is
1,486,053; of which male and female are
782,517 and 703,536 respectively. Although
Nashik city has population of 1,486,053; its
urban / metropolitan population is 1,561,809 of
which 821,921 are males and 739,888 are
females.

Hinduism is majority religion in Nashik city with 85.21 % followers. Islam is

second most popular religion in city of Nashik with approximately 8.90 % following it. In
Nashik city, Christianity is followed by 1.00 %, Jainism by 1.10 %, Sikhism by 0.39 %
and Buddhism by 0.39 %. Around 0.05 % stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.17 %
stated 'No Particular Religion'.

TRANSPORTATION:

1. Roadways- Nashik is connected to others cities in India by Road.

2. Railways- Nasik Road railway station is city railway station along
with Deolali which lies within the city boundary.
3. Airways- Nashik has its airport located at Ozar and an old airport at
Gandhinagar which connected Nashik to Mumbai. The Gandhinagar Airport is
now served for the Military. Nashik Airport is domestic Airport and it is connected
to Ahmedabad, Indore and Hyderabad. Soon the city will be connected
to Bengaluru and Goa under the UDAN scheme. There also had been a sea port
constructed on Gangapur Dam to connect to Pune and Mumbai via a seaplane
service which was operated by MEHAIR.
4. Public Transport- In city people often mostly prefer auto rickshaw to travel
through. City bus service is operated by MSRTC.
5. Metro - Greater Nashik Metro is proposed by Maharashtra Metro Rail
Corporation Limited. It will be operational in 2024.

ECONOMY:

A) AGRICULTURE:

In early 1925, the table grape revolution was started in Ojhar, a small town
near Nashik, by Raosaheb Jairam Krishna Gaikwad. Today, table grapes are
exported to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The average Kharip crop area is
663,200 hectares while the average Rabbi crop area is 136500 hectares. The
sown area is 658,763 hectares (99%) and the forest land is 340,000 hectares
(21.75%). The uncultivable area is 23,000 hectares (1.48%).

B) INDUSTRY:

The Igatpuri-Nashik-Sinnar investment region is an important node in the

US$ 90 billion Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project. There is a Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited aircraft manufacturing plant 10 mi (16 km) from Nashik. The
Currency Note Press and India Security Press are on Nashik Road, where Indian
currency and government stamp papers are printed respectively. Existing
industrial areas in Nashik district are Satpur, Ambad, Sinnar, Igatpuri, Dindori
and Vinchur. The proposed areas are Additional Sinnar and Malegaon MIDC.
Large-scale industries present in Nashik district are Atlas Copco, Robert Bosch
GmbH, CEAT Limited, Crompton Greaves, Graphite India, Schneider Electric,
ThyssenKrupp, Epcos, Everest Industries, Gabriel India, GlaxoSmithKline,
Hindustan Coca-cola, Hindustan Unilever Limited, Jindal Polyester, Jyoti
Structures, Kirlosker Oil Engines, KSB Pumps, Larsen & Toubro, Mahindra and
Mahindra, Mahindra Sona, United Spirits Limited, Perfect Circle Industries,
Mahindra Ugine Steel, Samsonite, Shalimar Paints, Siemens, VIP Industries,
Indian Oil Corporation, XLO India Limited and Jindal Saw. Apart from
manufacturing, Nashik is an emerging investment destination for Information
Technology companies. Tata Consultancy Services has invested in Nashik under
the Government of India BPO promotion scheme (IBPS). TCS has set up Digital
Impact Square, or DISQ, which is a social innovation center. Nashik has a textile
industry. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development has selected
Yeola Block for development of Paithani Cluster. To facilitate exports, a container
freight station was started at MIDC Ambad by the Central Government. After
Pune and Mumbai, Nashik is third industrial hub of the Maharashtra state, for the
highly industrial development in Maharashtra. Nashik
city is located about 200 km far from the main
industrial city Mumbai and Pune. Nashik has many
government companies as well as undertakings. Such
as- o Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (Defense Ministry) at
Ozar-Mig

C) WINE INDUSTRY:

Nashik has been described as The Wine

Capital of India; by Alok Chandra of Business
Standard due to the numerous wineries in the district.
As of 2013, the Nashik region reportedly produced 10,000 tonnes of grapes per
year. There are 22 wineries in Nashik, out of 46 wineries throughout India total.
Nashik is home to several wine festivals, such as SulaFest in the harvest season.

D) EDUCATION:

The city has two state-run universities, the Yashwantrao Chavan

Maharashtra Open University and the Maharashtra University of Health
Sciences.
TOURISM:

Some other sightseeing places in Nashik would include the Coin Museum,
the Nandur Madhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary, Deolali, the Ramshej Fort, the
Tringalwadi Fort, the Harihar Fort, the Anjaneri Fort, the Dugarwadi waterfalls,
the Tringalwadi lake, the Chambharlena caves and the Pragati Aerospace
Museum, to name a few. A holiday to Nashik is cut out for people who would
want to explore the religious attributes of this place. The city would also interest
history lovers and last but not the least, wine tasters.

Popular tourism places, in Nashik, include Panchavati, where Rama

stayed with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, when on exile; the Ramkund,
the Muktidham, Kalaram, Sundarnarayan, Trimbakeshwar and Someshwar
temples.

DESIGN STRATERGIES:

The external features of building envelop and its relation to site should be
designed to fully utilize air Movement. Interior partition should not block the
movement. Air velocity can be reduced when the interior walls are placed close
to the inlet opening or each time it is diverted around of obstruction. In case of
unavoidable interior walls, airflow can still be achieved by ensuring partitions at
lower and upper portion of wall.

SUN ORIENTATION:

West orientation is worst. Larger building dimensions should face north and
South.
WIND ORIENTATION:

Main walls and window should face wind direction to allow maximum cross
ventilation through the room To reduce the effect of dusty winds, the leeward
side of building is better.

WALLS:

Walls of the area with maximum day utilization should be

made with the heating storing material. East and west what
should be preferable shaded. Double walls with insulation in
between is a good solution.

OPENING AND WINDOWS:

Opening and Windows are necessary for natural lighting and ventilation.
More window should be provided in North
facade of building as compared to the east,
west and South as it receives lesser radiation
through the year. Windows should be shaded
either with shading devices, roofs overhangs
or the deciduous trees. Size of Windows on
the west and east should be minimized in
order to reduce the heat gain.

ROOFS:

A flat roof is a good reflector and re-radiates heat instantly and effectively.
High solid parapet wall along the edge of roof can one hand provide daytime
shade and privacy.
NATURAL VENTILATION:

The principle involved is to catch and

unobstructed Breeze at a high level and channel
it to areas bottom part of building. Cooling can be
achieved by evaporation of water.

COURTYARD:

When provided with water and plants the

courtyard acts as a cooling source. Internal Courtyard
provides crossventilation and natural cooling. Most
openings are to internal courtyard rather than the
exterior surface.

STACK EFFECTS:

Outlet at Higher level serve to vent hot air. Ventilations are preferred at
higher level as they help in throwing out hot air.

OTHER FEATURES:

Colors that absorbs less heat should be used to paint the external wall
surface. Darker Shades should be avoided for surface exposed to the direct solar
radiation. Surface of roof can be white broken glazed tiles. Decreasing the
exposed outside surface of building. Using material that take a long time to heat
up. Providing some buffer spaces.

SUN SHADING DEVICE:

Reduce amount of radiation Improve distribution of light maybe retractable or

reduced transmission
BUILDING ORENTATION:

Minimize solar gain and maximize natural ventilation

OTHER STRATERGIES:

Elongated floor plan

Minimum partition

Elevated on stilts

High ceiling and vents in roof

FORM & PLANNING:

Open spaces such as courtyards are beneficial.

Buildings should be grouped in such a way as to take advantage of prevailing

breezes during the short periods when air movement is necessary.

A moderately dense low rise is also suitable for this climate, which will ensure
protection of outdoor spaces. Mutual sharing of external walls, shelter from the
wind in the cold season, shelter from dust and reduction of surfaces exposed to
solar radiation.