EARLY

PHILIPPINE
SOCIETY
(P.E.S.T.L.E. Analysis)

SUBMITTED BY:
Domalaon, Bea Jane
Domasin, Vincent Khen
Salonga, Ayalyn Samuela Kyle
Tupas, Naomi Hannah
(Dalagang Pilipinas)
1/I-22

SUBMITTED TO:
Professor Portia Soriano
Barangay
 It is used to be their form of government. Barangay came from the word Balangay,
which is a Malay word, means Sailboat. Barangay is composed or consists about 30-100
families and this is ruled and governed by Datu.
Datu
 Datu is known as the Chieftain of the whole barangay and can be the wealthiest person
in their barangay or community.
 It is not based on the gender, either male and female can be a Datu. But, mostly, male
are more likely to be the head of Barangay .
Qualifications for Being a Datu
 This power and responsibility may be inherited, specifically to the eldest child.
Moreover, the people living in the barangay may choose a datu according to the
following characteristics such as the Bravest/ Modest, Wealthiest, and Wisest.
Datu’s Power
 Datu have many power. He/she act as the Executive, Legislator and Chief Justice of the
Barangay.
 Executive- head of the barangay
 Legislative or Legislator- law maker; he has a power to make and revise the laws
 Chief Justice- act as a judge in a complex case within the barangay
Agriculture

 It is the main source of livelihood during the pre-spanish period. There are two types of
cultivation: Kaingin or the Slash-and-burn and wet rice farming.

Types of Agriculture:

• Fishing
• Poultry
• Stockraising
• Lumbering
• Boat building
• Mining
• Pottery Making
• Weaving
Barter System

The people during this time used Barter System in business transactions. Barter System
is the exchanging of goods in return of other products that will be as the same value of what
was exchanged. Long before the Spaniards came to the Philippines in 1521, the Filipinos had
established trade relations with neighbouring lands like China, Java, Borneo, Thailand and other
settlements. Barter was a system of trading commonly practiced throughout the world and
adopted by the Philippines. It was not just from different countries but within the Philippine
islands too. Barter system was also used by natives from a barangay to other different
barangays from the people living near the shores to the aetas living in the mountains. The
inconvenience of the barter system led to the adoption of a specific medium of exchange – the
cowry shells. Cowries produced in gold, jade, quartz and wood became the most common and
acceptable form of money through many centuries. The Philippines is naturally rich in gold,
making possible the availability of local gold coinage called piloncitos. The original silver
currency unit was the rupee or rupiah (known locally as salapi), brought over by trade with
India and Indonesia.
SOCIAL CLASSES
 There are different social classes in this era. Most are determined by the wealth and
strength of a person.

Datu/ Chiefly Class

 The chieftain or the leader of the whole barangay in which he/she had certain power
and more responsibility to his fellowmen. Most likely the datu is from rich or wealthy
family. The chieftly class must be strong, brave and wise.

Maharlika/ Noble person

 The next highest class. May has the wealth but not so influencial or famous in town.
They are specifically the warrior class. Also, they would provide protection and safety to
the respective barangay.

Timawa/ Common class

 Common people who lives with normal life. they were free. They could acquire
property, job they want, pick their own wives and get an Alipin.

Alipin/ Dependent class

 Servant and had their lives controlled by their "Amo" they had the least rights. Alipin are
nt exactly slaves in the traditional sense, but they were indentured servants.
 Our ancestors utilize environmental things or naything they see as a tool for their everyday
living.

To built houses they uses:

 Wood
 Nippa palm
 Bamboo

For fermenting or cooking they used:

 Palayok
 Porcelain

For cutlery, they used

 Red bones
 Spoon from the chambered nautilus
 Shell tool
 Giant Clams
 They treat the environment as something sacred because they believe that their
'bathala' and ' diwata' or their creature are in the nature

Religion

 Their faith are commonly connected in the nature. The practice of 'alay' is done through
giving a whole alive animal (pig, chicken or goat) in places like forest or 'sapa'

Deities

 The people in this era believe that deities are living in the water or trees and can be
anywhere watching them

Food

 Environment serves as their food provider.

Home

 The nature also served as their home specially the water are for all of the sources of
food are in the place
 The legal system of this time is decided by the datu. All the consequences “parusa” will
be determined based on the seriousness of the case committed. Their laws can be written or
verbal.

Rules and regulations

Thieves

 If a thief just stole a mango or guava, he or she may just serve his victim for a week. But,
if a thief stole carabao or goat or anything that weighs big worth he/she may become
Alipin for the resot of his/her life. Moreover, if the thief died, his/her family also suffer
as an Alipin.

Loans

 If a man loan for a certain amount and he’s not able to pay it back at the said time, he
will be a slave (depending on the amount) or he will pay triple. Also, all his/her
belongings would serves as a payment including his carabaos, house and other worthy
materials.

Taxation

 Even previously, ancient Filipinos practiced paying of taxes. It’s purpose was for for the
protection they received from the Datu or Chieftain.