CHAPTER- 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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Research

Research comprises creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of
knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the
results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new
theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research
projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school
research project, they can be used to further a student’s research prowess to prepare them for
future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research
may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purpose of basic
research is documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods
and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research to research
depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and
sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social,
business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc.

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 Research is defined as a careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or a
problem using scientific method. According to the American Sociologist Earl Robert Babbie,
“Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed
phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.”

Research Design

Research Design is set of methods and procedures used in collecting and analyzing
measures of the variables specified in the research problem. The design of a study defines the
study type and sub type, research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables,
experimental design, and if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan.
Research design is a framework that has been created to find answers to research questions.
There are many ways to classify research designs but sometime the distinction is artificial and
other times different designs are combined. Nonetheless, the list below offers a number of useful
distinctions between possible research designs. A research design is an arrangement of
conditions or collections. Sometimes a distinction is made between “fixed and flexible”. In
some cases these types coincides with quantitative and qualitative research design respectively,
through this need not the case. In fixed designs, the design of the study is fixed before the main
stage of data collection takes place. Fixed designs are normally theory driven. Otherwise it is
impossible to know the advance which variables need to be controlled and measured. Often
these variables are measured quantitively. Flexible designs allow for more freedom during the
data collection process.

Type of Research:

Conceptual Research : It is defined as a methodology wherein research is conducted by

observing and analyzing already present information on a given topic. Conceptual research does
not involve conducting any practical experiments. It is related to abstract concepts or ideas.
Philosophers have long used conceptual research to develop new theories or interpret existing
theories in a different light. For example Copernicus used conceptual research to come up with
the concepts about stellar constellations based on his observation of the universe. Down the line,

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Galileo simplified Copernicus’s research by making its own conceptual observations which gave
rise to more experimental research and confirmed the predictions made at that time. The most
famous example of a conceptual research is Sir Issac Newton. He observed his surroundings to
conceptualize and develop theories about gravitation and motion.

Einstein is widely known and appreciated for his work on conceptual research although
his theories were based on conceptual observations, Einstein also proposed experiments to come
up with theories to test the conceptual research. Now a day, conceptual research is used to
answer business questions and solve real-world problems. Researchers use analytical tools called
conceptual framework to make conceptual distinctions and organized ideas required for research
purposes. Conceptual research focus on the concepts or theory that explains or describes the
phenomenon being studied. The conceptual research sits at his desk with pen in hand and tries to
solve the problems by thinking about them. He does no experiments but may make use of
observations by others, since this is the mass of data that he is trying to make sense of. Until
fairly recently, conceptual research was considered the most honorable form of research- it
required the brain, not the hands. Researchers such as the alchemists who did experiments were
considered little better than black smiths- “ filthy empiricists”.

Sources of Data

Secondary Data : it refers to the data which is collected by someone who is someone other than
the user. Secondary data analysis can save time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and
, particularly in case of quantitative data can provide larger and high-qualitydatabases that would
be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own.

Data collection instruments

I. Internet
II. Library books
III. Brochures
IV. Reports of the firm

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 V. Magazines
VI. Journals

METHODOLOGY

SOURCES OF DATA

The present study has been conducted with the help of both primary and secondary
data

Primary data:

Primary data was collected by using a sample size of 50 from Employees of

KKR Group Of Companies

Secondary data :

It refers to the data which is collected by someone who is someone other than the user.

Secondary data was collected from :

 Internet
 Library books
 Brochures
 Reports of the firm
 Magazines
 Journals
 Published project works

SAMPLE UNIT

There are more than 1500 employees working in the KKR Group Of Companies.

SAMPLE SIZE

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 Out of 1500 employees 50 middle level employees were taken as sample for this
study. This selection is based on random sampling.

TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

The statistical tools used for the analysis of the study are simple percentage, bar
diagram and pie diagram. It is prepared based on the sample obtained. The data
collected were analyzed and interpreted with the help of tables and figures.

A copy of the questionnaire is given in the appendix.