1. Kasper, Dennis, et al. 2004. Harrison’s Principles of
Internal Medicine 16th Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional
2. Lawrence, M. 2007. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, forty-sixth
edition. McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange. P 1440-1441.Saltzman J. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dalam: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. Edisi ke-52. New York: McGrawHill; 2009. hlm.324- 42. 3. McQuaid K. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Dalam: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. Edisi ke- 52, New York: McGrawHill; 2010.hlm.580-3. 4. Hreinsson JP, Kalaitzakis E, Gudmunsson S, Bjornsson ES. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: incidence, etiology, and outcomes in a population based-setting. Scandinavia Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013;48:439-47. 5. Hearnshaw SA, Logan RFA, Lowe DD, Travis SPL, Murphy MF, Palmer KR. Use of endoscopy for management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in UK: results of a nationwide audit. Gut. 2010;10:1136. 6. Adi P. Pengelolaan perdarahan saluran cerna bagian atas. Dalam: Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi ke-5. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2009.hlm.447-52. 7. Sanusi I. Tukak lambung. Dalam: Buku Ajar Gastroenterologi. Edisi ke-1. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2011.hlm.327-36. 8. Dib N, Oberti F, Cales P. Current management of the complications of portal hypertension: variceal bleeding and asites. CMAJ. 2006; 174(3):1433-43.
9. Soemoharjo, Soewignjo. 2008. Hepatitis Virus B. Edisi Kedua. Jakarta:
ECG 10. Yamada, Tadataka. 2009. Textbook of Gastroenterology. 5th ed. Blackwell Publishing. 11. Nurdjanah, Siti. Sirosis Hati dalam Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid I Edisi V. Jakarta: FK UI. 2010;668-673 12. Lorraine MW. Sirosis Hati. Dalam: Sylvia AP, Lorraine MW. Sirosis. Edisi keenam, Volume I. EGC, Jakarta: 2005;1:493-501. 13. Raines Daniel, Starr Paul. Cirrhosis : Diagnosis, Management and Prevention. Volume 84, Number 12 December 15, 2011. Page 1354 14. Hepatitis C Online. PDF created June 24, 2015, 6:29 am. Evaluation and Prognosis of Patients with Cirrhosis, page. 4-5 15. Aithal P, Moore P.Guideline on the management of ascites ini cirrhosis. gut.bmjjournals.com on 25 September 2006. Page 6 16. Kasper, Braunwald, Fauci, Hauser, longo Jameson. Cirrhosis Hepatitis, Harrison’s Manual Of Medicine, 16 th edition. 2005. 17. Dona Mesina. Patogenesis Virus Hepatitis B. Bagian Mikrobiologi FK Ukrida. 2015. 18. Dienstag J.L, 2014. Harrison Gastroenterologi & Hepatologi. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, Indonesia 19. Klarisa C, Hasan I, Liwang F. 2014. Kapita Selekta Kedokteran. Ed 4. Jakarta: Penerbit Media Aesculapis 20. Hepatitis B, Perhimpunan Peneliti Hati Indonesia. 2014, Diakses pada 2 November 2017, http://pphi-online.org/alpha/?p=560 21. Perhimpunan Peneliti Hati Indonesia. 2014. Konsensus Nasional Penatalaksanaan Hepatitis B di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit PPHI. 22. Nurdjanah, Siti. Sirosis Hati dalam Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid I Edisi V. Jakarta: FK UI. 2010;668-673 23. Lorraine MW. Sirosis Hati. Dalam: Sylvia AP, Lorraine MW. Sirosis. Edisi keenam, Volume I. EGC, Jakarta: 2005;1:493-501. 24. Raines Daniel, Starr Paul. Cirrhosis : Diagnosis, Management and Prevention. Volume 84, Number 12 December 15, 2011. Page 1354 25. Aithal P, Moore P.Guideline on the management of ascites ini cirrhosis. gut.bmjjournals.com on 25 September 2006. Page 6 26. Kasper, Braunwald, Fauci, Hauser, longo Jameson. Cirrhosis Hepatitis, Harrison’s Manual Of Medicine, 16 th edition. 2005 27. Dite P, Labrecque D, Fried M, Gangl A, Khan AG, Bjorkman D, et al. Esophageal varices. World gastroenterology organisation practise guideline 2007. 28. Block B, Schachschal G, Schmidt H. Esophageal varices. In: Block B, Schachschal G, Schmidt H, eds. Endoscopy of the upper GI Tract. Germany: Grammlich; 2004.p. 85-150. 29. Azer SA, Katz J. Esophageal varices 2010. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175248-overview., Accessed January 6, 2012. 30. Anonymous. Portal hypertension & cirrhosis 2010. 31. Bendtsen F, Krag A, Moller S. Treatment of acute variceal bleeding. Digestive and liver disease 2008. 32. Vaezi MF. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Vaezi MF, Park W, Swoger J, eds. Esophageal diseases. Oxford: An imprint of atlas medical publishing Ltd; 2006. p. 110-4. 33. Ala I, Sharara S, Don C, Rockey R. Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2012.