AUTOMATIC BRAKE FOR HILL STATION

M.Anbalakan1, V.Jagadheesan2, V.Karthee2, P.Karthi2, D.Karthicharan2

1
Assistant Professor, 2 UG Scholars
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, India.
anbalakanm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT braking circuit.It is a genuine project

Vehicle accidents are ubiquitous in recent
years. This is because of heavy increase in
population of vehicles, due to its high
demand. They pose a serious threat to life
and property. A system must be designed
to minimize the effects of these accidents.
Theaim of the present study is to design a
device which can successfully scan the
surroundings during driving and apply
brake to avoid front end collision of the
vehicle.The technology of pneumatics
plays a major role in the field of
automation and modern machine shops
and also the hydraulic control system is to
using apply the braking to stop the vehicle
motions. The aim is to design and develop
a control system based intelligent
electronically controlled automatic braking
system. IR sensor provided of the vehicle
detects and to presence of the obstaclethe
use of hydraulic and pneumatic system can
prove to be useful in automation due to its
simplicity and ease of operation. So, the
aim is to design and develop a system
based on automatic control of vehicle.
which is fully equipped and designed for
Automobile vehicles. This forms an
integral part of best quality. This product
underwent strenuous test in our
Automobile vehicles and it is good. The
“Pneumatic and Hydraulic braking circuit”
can stop the vehicle within 2 to 3 seconds
running at a speed of 50 KM. The
intelligent breaking system is a fully
automation project. This is an era of
automation where it is broadly defined as
replacement of manual effort by
mechanical power in all degrees of
automation.Theoperation remains an
essential part of the system although with
changing demands on physical input as the
degree of mechanization is increased.
Degrees of automation are of two types,
viz.
1. Full automation.
2. Semi automation.
In semi automation a combination of
manual effort and mechanical power is

Keywords: Brake, Vehicle Motion, IR required whereas in full automation human

Sensor, Pneumatic and Hydraulic System participation is very negligible.

1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 NEED OF AUTOMATIC

We have pleasure in introducing our new BRAKING:
project Automatic brake for hillstation
Years ago, when car is get too close to an
which is fully equipped byIRsensors
obstacle an alarm is activated which worn
circuit and Pneumatic and Hydraulic

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the driver. In this process human error is speed of the vehicle or slowing down the
also included. The actual time to stop the vehicle.
Vehicle is response time taken by the
driver plus the time required to taken by
the braking system to brake the car and
time of response of driver is much greater.

Hence,it is required to make automatic

braking.We use pneumatically operated
hydraulic braking which is activate when
IR sensor senses an obstacle.

This system is mainly divided into two

categories according to operation.

A) ELECTRONIC OPERATION: 2.METHODOLOGY

For the detection of obstacle behind the
car, the IR sensor transmitter and receiver
circuit is required. The output from this
circuit is sends to the solenoid valve which
helps in pneumatic braking.
B)MECHANICALOPERATION:
When IR sensor gives input to solenoid
valve then a pneumatic operate hydraulic
brake applied to the car. For this operation
pneumatic force is used to move fluid
apply the brake.
1.2TYPES OF BRAKE
1.2.1 DISC BRAKE
An alternative to the hydraulic system,
used in light trucks and minibuses, is a
compressed-air servo. The layout of the
system is shown infig . This is also known
as air/hydraulic (air over hydraulic) or
Airpac system as compressed air is used to
boost the force applied by the driver to a
hydraulically operated brake. Air pressure
is generated by a engine-driven
compressor, and is stored in a reservoir
adjacent to the servo chamber. The servo
chamber houses a piston. This piston
operates another piston that controls the
main hydraulic brake line. During
application of the brake, a valve supplies
the compressed air into the servo cylinder
to boost the pedal effort.

Disc brakes make use of friction generated

between the disc attached to a heel and the
wheel itself, to slow or stop an automobile.
Disc brakes comprise brake pads that serve
as friction material and are fixed onto a
device called a brake caliper. When the
brake pedal is pushed by a driver the brake
pads are mechanically, hydraulically,
pneumatically or electromagnetically
Basic layout of airhydraulic
forced against both sides of the disc
mounted on wheels thus regulating the system

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Disc Brake
3.WORKING OPERATION
The IR Transmitter circuit is to transmitter
the Infra-Red rays. If any obstacle is there
in a path, the Infra-Red rays reflected. This
reflected Infra-Red rays are received by
the receiver circuit is called “IR
Receiver”.The IR receiver circuit receives
the reflected IR rays and giving the control
signal to the control circuit. The control
circuit is used to activate the solenoid
valve. The operating principle of solenoid
valve is already explained in the above
chapter.We have used IR sensor for detect
the objects.Infrared transmitter is one type
of LED which emits infrared rays
generally called as IR Transmitter.
Similarly IR Receiver (photo diode) is
used to receive the IR rays transmitted by
the IR transmitter. One important point is
both IR transmitter and receiver should be
placed straight line to each. The output of
the IR sensor is given to the controller
circuit which operates the relay. The relay
is a automatic switch which is used to
automatically operate the solenoid valve.
Whenever the solenoid valve gets signal
from relay, it allows air into the pneumatic
cylinder from the compressor. Thus this
project deals the automatic braking system
with the object detection. Pneumatic
Impact Use compressed air as a sort of
Special Issue | Vol-1 | Issue- 1 | Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering - RAME'18
power source. The hydraulic system moves
the arm forward or backwards the
hydraulic fluid to caliperassembly.power
transmission system that uses the force of
flowing hydraulic lines to brake
caliperpiston.The hydraulic system is used
to move the arm of the brake wheel.While
this system could be considered a full
power hydraulic brake system because it
has no push through capability, Safety
Standards CMVSS and FMVSS 121 define
it as an air brake system and they govern
itsperformance. This type of system
utilizes frame mounted units that contain
an air chamber attached to a master
cylinder. Air is supplied and controlled
much the same way it is in an air brake
system except that air from the valve goes
to the actuator (brake chamber) acting on
the master cylinder which then “converts”
air pressure in to the hydraulic pressure
that applies the braking.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.CONCLUSION
The beginning of the 21st century could
very well mark the final period in which
internal combustion engines are commonly
used in cars. Already automakers are
moving toward alternative energy carriers,
such as electric batteries, hydrogen fuel
and even compressed air. Intelligent
braking is a small, yet very important, step
113
toward our eventual independence from
fossil fuels. These kinds of brakes allow
batteries to be used for longer periods of
time without the need to be plugged into
an external charger. These types of brakes
also extend the driving range of fully
electric vehicles. In fact, this technology
has already helped bring us cars like the
Tesla Roadster, which runs entirely on
battery power. Sure, these cars may use
fossil fuels at the recharging stage -- that
is, if the source of the electricity comes
from a fossil fuel such as coal -- but when
they're out there on the road, they can
operate with no use of fossil fuels at all,
and that's a big step forward. As designers
and engineers perfect Intelligentbraking
systems, they will become more and more
common. All vehicles in motion can
benefit from utilizing regeneration to
recapture energy that would otherwise be
lost.
5.REFERENCE
1)SwapnilR.Abhang1,D.P.Bhaskar2,(2014
) Design and Analysis of Disc Brake
International Journal of Engineering
Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume
8 Number 4- Feb 2014.
2) Sunkara Sreedhar1, Parosh.G2 (2017)
Design And Structural Analysis of Disc
Brake BY Using CATIA And ANSYS-
Workbench International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
Special Issue | Vol-1 | Issue- 1 | Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering - RAME'18
3)SandeepThorat, SanketThorve,
JaydattaUpase and Agampal Singh Dhupar
(2016)
Design and Implementation of Automatic
Emergency Braking System International
Journal of Current Engineering and
Technology.
4)Erik Coelingh, LottaJakobsson, Henrik
Lind, Magdalena Lindman (2013)
Collision Warning With Auto Brake - A
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CorporationSweden Paper Number 07-
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(2013) Autonomous Braking Systems And
Their Potential Effect On Whiplash Injury
Reduction , United Kingdom, Paper
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