LAWS

RA 10883-Anti-Carnapping Law

RA 10909-Establishment to have Ready Change for Customers

RA 10911-Anti-Age Discrimination in the Workplace

RA 10913-Law for Distracted Drivers

RA 10916-Installation of Speed Limiters on PUVs

RA 11032-Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Govt Service Delivery Act of 2018

RA 11166-HIV and AIDS Mgt Act

RA 11232-Revised Corporation Code

RA 11346-Increasing Excise Tax on Tobacco Products

RA 11350-National Commission of Senior Citizens

Vetoed Bills: Senate Bill 1826 / House Bill 6908-Workers Right to Security of Tenure / Anti-ENDO

R.A. 11261 - First time job seekers Assistance Act

R.A 11313- Bawal Bastos Law

RA 6713 Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Workers

RA 9184 Procurement Act

RA 4200 Anti Wiretapping Act

RA 7160 Local Government Code

RA 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management

RA 9275 Clean Water Act

RA 8353 Anti Rape Law

RA 10931 Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act of 2017

RA 10963 Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law

RA 11054 Bangsamoro Organic Law

RA 11055 Philippine ID System Act

RA 11106 Filipino Sign Language Act of 2018

RA 11201 Dept of Human Settlements and Urban Development Act of 2019

RA 10354 Responsible Parenthood and RH Act if 2012

RA 10533 Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013

RA 10844 Dept of ICT Act of 2015

RA 9729 Climate Change Act of 2009

RA 10121 Phil DRRM Act1. Proclamation No. 124 – January as “National Bible Month”

Executive Order No. 25-renamed Benham Rise to Philippine Rise.

Executive Order No. 26- ordered a nationwide smoking BAN. Implemented in July 23

Republic Act No. 10913 - Anti-Distracted Driving Act

Republic Act No. 10666, or the "Children on Motorcycle Safety Act of 2015",

Republic Act No. 10931 Free tuition in state universities

R.A. 10932 No Enhanced Anti-Hospital Deposit Law RA10928 Extending Passport Validity to 10 years

RA929 Establishing FREE INTERNET ACCESS in public places RA10930 Extending Driver’s License Validity
for Five Years

Ra 8049 Anti Hazing Law

Republic Act No. 10969 or the Free Irrigation Service Act

RA 10742- SK REFORM

R P.D. 1414 - created the law on indigenous person,or the katutubo

P.D. 1619 - solvent and volatile

P.D. 968 - PROBATION LAW

P.D. 603 - THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE ACT CODE..EFFECTIVE JUNE 8 1975

P.D. 1069 - PHIL EXTERNAL/EXTRADITION LAW

P.D. 532 - ANTI PIRACY AND ANTI HIGHWAY LAW OF 1974

P.D. 533 - ANTI-CATTLE RUSTLING LAW OF 1974

P.D. 1602 - ILLEGAL GAMBLING

P.D. 1866 - AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8294,ILLEGAL POSSESSION OF FIREARM AND EXPLOSIVES

P.D. 1612 -ANTI FENCING LAW

P.D. 684 - CREATED SK

P.D. 1184 - CREATED THE PPSC

P.D.229 -DECLARING BGY CHAIRMAN AS PERSON IN AUTHORITY

P.D. 557 - DECLARING ALL BARRIOS AS BARANGAY

P.D. 1508 - CREATION OF BARANGAY COURT

P.D.1829 - PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF APPREHENSION AND PROSECUTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER

P.D. 46 - ACT PUNISHING THE RECEIVING AND GIVING OF GIFTS OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

P.D 1689 - INCREASED THE PENALTY FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF ESTAFA

P.D.2018 - MAKES THE ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT A CRIME OF ECONOMIC SABOTAGE PUNISHABLE BY LIFE
IMPRISONMENT

P.D 133 - PRESCRIBED HEAVY PENALTY FOR EMPLOYEES THEFT AND LABORERS

P.D.1185 - FIRE CODE OF THE PHILS

P.D.1731 - PROVIDES FOR REWARDS AND INCENTIVES TO GOVT WITNESS AND INFORMANTS

P.D 1732 - PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR GOVT WITNESSES

P.D., 1869 - PROHIBITION OF GOVT OFFICIALS TO ENTER IN GAMBLING HOUSE AND CASINOS

R.A 7160 - LOCAL GOVT CODE OF 1991

R.A. 4103 - INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW

R.A. 4200 - ANTI-WIRE TAPPING LAW

R.A. 1524 - PROVIDES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONDITIONS FOR PARDON

R.A. 7610 - SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST CHILD ABUSED EXPLOITATION AND
DISCRIMINATION ACT AS AMENDED

R.A. 9344 - JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM MY 4 2006

R.A. 9231 - CHILD LABORING ACT

R.A. 6809 - LOWERING THE AGE OF MINORITY FROM 21 TO 18 YEARS OF AGE,TOTALLY EMANCIPATED
R.A 7659 - DEATH PENALTY

R.A. 8177 - ACT DESIGNATING DEATH BY LETHAL INJECTION LAW

R.A. 3019 - AS AMENDED BY ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION PRACTICES

R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

R.A. 7080 - ANTI-PLUNDER ACT

R.A. 7877 - ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT OF 1995

R.A. 8049 - ANTI-HAZING LAW RA 109 P.D. 1414 - created the law on indigenous person,or the katutubo

P.D. 1619 - solvent and volatile

P.D. 968 - PROBATION LAW

P.D. 603 - THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE ACT CODE..EFFECTIVE JUNE 8 1975

P.D. 1069 - PHIL EXTERNAL/EXTRADITION LAW

P.D. 532 - ANTI PIRACY AND ANTI HIGHWAY LAW OF 1974

P.D. 533 - ANTI-CATTLE RUSTLING LAW OF 1974

P.D. 1602 - ILLEGAL GAMBLING

P.D. 1866 - AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8294,ILLEGAL POSSESSION OF FIREARM AND EXPLOSIVES

P.D. 1612 -ANTI FENCING LAW

P.D. 684 - CREATED SK

P.D. 1184 - CREATED THE PPSC

P.D.229 -DECLARING BGY CHAIRMAN AS PERSON IN AUTHORITY

P.D. 557 - DECLARING ALL BARRIOS AS BARANGAY

P.D. 1508 - CREATION OF BARANGAY COURT

P.D.1829 - PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF APPREHENSION AND PROSECUTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER

P.D. 46 - ACT PUNISHING THE RECEIVING AND GIVING OF GIFTS OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

P.D 1689 - INCREASED THE PENALTY FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF ESTAFA

P.D.2018 - MAKES THE ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT A CRIME OF ECONOMIC SABOTAGE PUNISHABLE BY LIFE
IMPRISONMENT
P.D 133 - PRESCRIBED HEAVY PENALTY FOR EMPLOYEES THEFT AND LABORERS

P.D.1185 - FIRE CODE OF THE PHILS

P.D.1731 - PROVIDES FOR REWARDS AND INCENTIVES TO GOVT WITNESS AND INFORMANTS

P.D 1732 - PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR GOVT WITNESSES

P.D., 1869 - PROHIBITION OF GOVT OFFICIALS TO ENTER IN GAMBLING HOUSE AND CASINOS

R.A 7160 - LOCAL GOVT CODE OF 1991

R.A. 4103 - INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW

R.A. 4200 - ANTI-WIRE TAPPING LAW

R.A. 1524 - PROVIDES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONDITIONS FOR PARDON

R.A. 7610 - SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST CHILD ABUSED EXPLOITATION AND
DISCRIMINATION ACT AS AMENDED

R.A. 9344 - JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM MY 4 2006

R.A. 9231 - CHILD LABORING ACT

R.A. 6809 - LOWERING THE AGE OF MINORITY FROM 21 TO 18 YEARS OF AGE,TOTALLY EMANCIPATED

R.A 7659 - DEATH PENALTY

R.A. 8177 - ACT DESIGNATING DEATH BY LETHAL INJECTION LAW

R.A. 3019 - AS AMENDED BY ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION PRACTICES

R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

R.A. 7080 - ANTI-PLUNDER ACT

R.A. 7877 - ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT OF 1995

R.A. 8049 - ANTI-HAZING LAW

R.A. 6539 - ANTI-CARNTO ALL PNP APPLICANTS YOU MUST KNOW THIS.

FATHERS

Coined in the word "Criminology" - Rafaelle de Garofalo.

Father of Classical criminology- Cesare Beccaria.

Father of Criminaliastics- Hans Gross

Father of Behavioral genetics- Francis Galton.

Father of traditional/Old Criminology - Cesare Beccaria Father of Modern Criminology- Cesare Lombroso

Father of Questioned Doc. Examination- Albert Osborne

Father of Forensic/ ModernBallistics - Col. Calvin Henry Goddard

Father of Probation- John Augustus Father of Organized Military Espionage- Frederick the great. Mother
of All Criminals- Ada juke/ Margaret.

First probation officer in the whole world- Edward Savage

Coined in the word "Photography" - William Herschel

Father of Police Professionalization- August Vollmer

Father of Police Organization- Henry Vayol.

Father of Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham

Father of Philippine Probation- Teodulo Natividad.

Father of English Probation- Matthew Daven Porthill.

Father of Parole/Modern Penology- Alexander Macanochie

First prison chaplain- Rev. Jarred Curtis

First Probation Officer- Edward Savage

Father of Modern Policing- Sir Robert Peel.

Father of traditional polygraphy- John A. larson.

Father of Modern Law Enforcement- August Vollmer.

Father of Psycho analysis- Sigmund freud

Father of forensic Investigation- Dr. Edmon Locard

Father of Podoscopy- Dr. Edmon Locard

Father of Personal Identi- Alphonse Bertillion

Father of fingerprint- Sir Richard Henry

Father of Criminalistics in Austria- Dr. Hans Gross

Father of Crims in America- Dr. Paul Kirk

Father of American Prison- Zebulon Reed Brockway.

Father of Victimology- Benjamin Mendelson Von Henteg

"Criminology" - Edwin Sutherland "Criminologie" -Italian word by Paul Topinard" "Criminologia"-Latin

word by Rafaelle de Garofalo 33. Benjamin Robins - F of Modern Gannery/F. of Ballistics pendiulum

Father of eugenics- Galton First lethal injection- Leo echagaray./RAPE

John Augustus-Father of Probation

Edward Savage-First Probation officer in the world

Teodulo C. Natividad-Father of Philippine Probation

Mathew Davenfort Hill-Father of English Probation

Zebulon R. Brockway-He was the first superintendent of Elmira Reformatory

Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise-Director of English prisons who opened the Borstal institution

John Howard-known as the Father of Penitentiary

Sir Walter Crofton-He was the director of the irish prison

Alexander Macanochie-Father of modern Penology and Father of Parole

AUGUS Father of Biology : Aristotle

Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus

Father of Antibiotics : Alexander Fleming

Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus

Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner

Father of Microbiology : Anton van Leuwenhoek

Father of Modern Microbiology : Louis Pasteur

Father of Medical Microbiology : Robert Koch

Father of Pathology : Rudolph Virchow

Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch

Father of Virology : W.M.Stanley

Father of Embryology : Aristotle

Father of Modern Embryology : Ernst Von Baer

Father of Physiology : Stephan Hales

Father of Modern experimental physiology : Calude Bernard

Father of Genetics : Rev. Gregor Mendel

Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson

Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical genetics : Arachibald Garrod

Father of Experimental Genetics : T.H. Morgan

Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora Genetics : Dodge

Father of Ecology : Theophrastus

Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut

Father of Plant anatomy : Grew

Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy) : Malpighi

Father of Cytology : Robert Hooke

Father of modern Cytology : Swanson

Father of Paleontology : Leonard da Vinci

Father of modern Paleontology : Cuvier

Father of Concept of Evolution: Empedocles

Father of Botany: Theophrastus

Father of Modern Botany : Bauhin

Father of Zoology : Aristotle

Father of Biochemistry : Liebig

Father of Epidemiology : John Snow

Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary

Father of Modern Pathology : Rudolf Virchow

Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg

Father of Gene therapy : Anderson

Father of Ethology : Konard Lorentz

Father of Endocrinology : Thomas Addison

Father of Eugenics : Galton

Father of Gerantology : Korenchevsk

Father of Palynology : Erdtman

Father of Stress physiology : Hans Selye

Father of Electrocardiography : Einthoven

Father of DNA Fingerprinting : Alec Jeffreys

Father of Mycology : Micheli

Father of Bryology : Hedwig

Father of Phycology:Father of ATP cycle: Lipmann

Father of Chemotherapy :Father of Anatomy : Herophilus

Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalius

Father of actinobiology / radiation biology : HJVS Muller

Father of Homeopathy : Hahnemann

Father of Ayurveda : Charka

Father of Surgery and Plastic Surgery : Susruta

Father of Blood circulation : William Harvey

Father of Medicine : Hippocrates

Father of Blood Group : Landsteiner

Father of Polio Vaccine : Jonas Salk

Father of Green Revolution: Norman Borlaug AUGUST COMTE- father of sociology.

The government has the Power to

Legislative- Gumagawa /enact laws.

Executive- Pinapatupad/enforce laws

Judiciary- Bigyang kahulugan at suriin/interpret law ATTEMPTED--Sinimulan mo Hindi mo natapos

FRUSTRATED--sinimulan mo natapos mo pero hindi mo nagustuhan ang kinahinatnan

CONSUMATED--Sinimulan mo Natapos mo At Nagustuhan mo ang kinahinatnan

CRIMINAL LAW--Batas para sa krimen Public Crime para sa lahat ng tao

Crime--An act or omission punishable by RPC

Committed by legally competent person

Threatened the welfare of the society

ARTICLES

J - JUSTIFYING my crimen subalit walang liability E - EXEMPTING my crimen walang liability subalit pero
datapwat my civil liability M -MITIGATING baba degree From Reclusion perpetua to temporal

A -AGRAVATING taas degree from temporal to perpetua

15 A - ALTERNATING Absolutory Cause dahilan o nag udjok

16 WHO? Sino ang liable sa

17 PRINCIPAL- ikaw mismo gumawa

18 ACCOMPLICE- kamag anak

19 ACCESSORY - my alam ka sa crimen at nakinabang ka

CRIME AGAINST PERSON

Always look for VICTIM AND RELATIONSHIP of

ABORTION

-Expulsion of Fetus

2 type of Abortion

therapeutic - physician or doctor, Without liability

Criminal

-intentional

Sadya
-unintentional

Di sadya

INFANTICIDE killing your own child

Less than 3 days /72 hours

Take note make it 71 Hours because of the word less than

PARRICIDE killing your own

Par1 father, mother /child - it's either legitimate or illegitimate

Par2 legal spouse

Par3 direct ascendant / descendant Legitimate

MURDER

Qualifying /Agravating circumstances

HOMICIDE

presume 'intent to kill'

Physical Injury

Due to out side force /without intent to kill

-Serious

-less serious

-slight

Treason- Pag tatraydor sa kanyang bansang tinitirhan.

Sedition- Pag aalsa ng private person without armed di lang po sila sa government nag aalsa or nag
rarally pwede din po sa mga private company or factory.

Rebellion- Pag aalsa Laban sa government ng private person with armed like ng mga terrorist group

Coup De etat- kawani ng government like afp or pnp na against sa government at sila ay nag aalsa Laban
sa gobyerno.

‍�‍‍‍ ♂

NULLUM CRIMEN NULLA POENA SINE LEGE- there is no crime if there in no law punishing it.
IGNORANTIA FACTI EXCUSAT- ignorance of the law

ACTUS NON FACIT REUM NISI MENS SIT REA- the act itself does not make a man guilty unless his
intention was so.

ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NONEST MEUS ACTUS- an act done by me against my will is not my act.

ERROR IN PERSONAE- mistake in identity of victim.

ABERRATIO ICTUS-mistake in blow

PRAETER INTENTIONNEM-result done is greater than that originally intended.

Acquisitive crime - yan yung crime na property lng ang kinukuha which is hindi ito nagproproduce ng
destruction of property or life. For example robbery, theft and etc.

Extinctive - yan naman ung mga crime na may destruction of property. For example arson, damage to
property an etc.

Static crime - yan yung na commit mo yung krimen which is in one place. For example murder.

Continuing crime - yan naman yung na commit mo yung krimen which is from several places. For
example: kidnapping, rebellion , abduction and etc.

CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

(MATERIAL TRANSFER)

ROBBERY - INTENT TO GAIN WITH FORCE

THEFT - INTENT TO GAIN WITHOUT FORCE

QUALIFIED THEFT - TRUST

(JUDICIAL TRANSFER)

ESTAFA - DECENT

PROCEDURE

RULE OF COURT

(110 OFFENSE) CRIMINAL CASE PRESUME INNOCENT NOT GUILTY

(111 CIVIL ACTION) CIVIL LIABILITY

(112 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION) 4 YEARS 2MONTHS AND 1 DAY

(113 ARREST) SEARCH WARRANT /WARRANT OF ARREST / ALIAS WARRANT /CITIZEN ARREST
(114 BAIL) PCCR =Property bond, Corporate surety bond, Cash bond, Recognizance

(115 RIGHT OF ACCUSED) MIRANDA DOCTRINE

RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT

(116 PLEA) GUILTY OR NOT GUILTY

(117 MOTION TO QUASH) IPABASURA ANG KASO

BASE ON MERITS

(118 PRE TRIAL) PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE (JUDICIAL OFFER)

(119 TRIAL) RIGHT TO SPEEDY TRIAL

(120 JUDGEMENT) CONVICTED OR AQUITTAL

(121 NEW TRIAL OR RECONSIDERATION)

REBUTTAL OR SUR REBBUTAL

(122 APPEAL) MTC TO SUPREME COURT

(123 PROCEDURE MTC)

(124 PROCEDURE RTC)

(125 PROCEDURE SUPREME COURT)

(126 SEARCH AND SEIZURE)

(127 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CRIMINAL CASES.) The provisional remedies in civil actions, insofar as
they are applicable, may be availed of in connection with the civil action deemed instituted with the
criminal action.

DEFENITION of TERMS

FELONIES-- felonies are acts and omissions punishable by the revised penal code. ACT- any bodily
movement tending to produce some effect in the external world.

OMISSION- -is meant inaction, the failure to perform a positive duty which one is bound to do.

MISTAKE OF FACT-- is a misapprehension of fact on the part of the person who caused injury to another.

MALA IN SE--wrongful from their nature, those so serious in their effects on society as to call for the
almost unanimous condemnation of its members and defined and penalized by the Revised Penal Code.
MALA PROHIBITA--wrong merely because prohibited by statute, are violations of mere rules of
convenience designed to secure a more orderly regulation of the affairs of society. The term mala
prohibita refers generally to acts made criminal by special laws.

INTENT-- intent is the purpose to use a particular means to effect such result.

MOTIVE--motive is the moving power which impels one to action for a definite result.

CONSUMMATED FELONY- -a felony is consummated when all the elements necessary for its execution
and accomplishment are present.

FRUSTRATED FELONY-- when the offender performs all the acts of execution which would produce the
felony as a consequence but which nevertheless, do not produce it by reason of causes independent of
the will of the perpetrator.

ATTEMPTED FELONY-- when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly by overt acts,
and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by reason of some cause
or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance.

OVERT ACTS- -an overt act is some physical activity or deed, indicating the intention to commit a
particular crime, more than a mere planning or preparation, which if carried to its complete termination
following its natural course, without being frustrated by external obstacles nor by the voluntary
desistance of the perpetrator, will logically and necessarily ripen into a concrete offense.

INDETERMINATE OFFENSE-- one where purpose of offender in the performing an act is not certain. Its
nature in relation to its objective is ambiguous.

CONSPIRACY- -conspiracy exists when two or more persons come to an agreement concerning the
commission of a felony and decide to commit it.

PROPOSAL-- there is a proposal when the person who has decided to commit a felony proposes its
execution to some other person or persons.

IMPUTABILITY-- is the quality by which an act may be ascribed to a person as its author or owner. It
implies that the act committed has been freely and consciously done and may, therefore, be put down to
the doer as his very own.

RESPONSIBILITY-- is the obligation of suffering the consequences of crime. It is the obligation of taking
the penal and civil consequences of the crime.

GUILT-- guilt is an element of responsibility, for a man cannot be made to answer for the consequences
of a crime unless he is guilty.

GRAVE FELONIES-- are those to which the law attaches the capital punishment or penalties which in any
of their periods are afflictive.
LESS GRAVE FELONIES- -are those which the law punishes with penalties which in their maximum period
are correctional.

LIGHT FELONIES- -are those infractions of law for the commission of which the penalty of arresto menor
or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, is provided.

JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES-- are those where the act of a person is said to be in accordance with law,
so that such person is deemed not to have transgressed the law and is free from both criminal and civil
liability.

EXEMPTING CICUMSTANCES (non-imputability) -- are those grounds for exemption from punishment
because there is wanting in the agent of the crime any of the conditions which make the act voluntary, or
negligent.

MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES-- those which, if present in the commission of the crime, do not entirely
free the actor from criminal liability but only serve to reduce the penalty.

AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES-- are those which, if attendant in the commission of the crime, serve to
increase the penalty without, however, exceeding the maximum of the penalty provided by law for the
offense.

GENERIC (kind of aggravating circumstances) -- those that can generally apply to all crimes.

SPECIFIC (kind of aggravating circumstances) -- those that apply only to particular crime.

QUALIFYING (kind of aggravating circumstances) -- those that change the nature of the crime.

INHERENT (kind of aggravating circumstances) -- those that must of necessity accompany the
commission of the crime.

ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES-- aggravating or mitigating according to the nature and effect of the
crime and other conditions attending its commission.

INSTIGATION--public officer or private detective induces an innocent person to commit a crime and
would arrest him upon or after the commission of the crime by him.

ENTRAPMENT- -a person has planned or is about to commit crime and ways and means are resorted to
by a public officer to trap and catch the criminal; not a defense.

ACCIDENT-- any happening beyond control of persons, consequences of which are not foreseeable.

TREACHERY-- when the offender commits any of the crime against the person , employing means,
methods or forms in the execution thereof which tend directly and specially to insure its execution,
without risk to himself arising from the defense which the offended party might make.

IGNOMINY-- moral suffering

CRUELTY-- deliberate intention to prolong physical suffering of the victim.

HABITUAL DELINQUENCY-- within 10 years from last release or last conviction of the crime of
falsification, robbery, estafa, theft, serious or less serious physical injuries, the offender is found guilty of
any of said crimes a third time or oftener.

RECIDIVISM-- when the time of trial for one crime, shall have been previously convicted by final
judgment of another crime embraced in the same title of the revised penal code.

QUASI-RECIDIVISM-- commits a felony after having been convicted by final judgment, before beginning
to serve such, or while serving the same, shall be punished by maximum period of penalty prescribed by
law for new felony.

REITARACION or HABITUALITY--accused is on trial for an offense, he has previously serves sentence for
another offense to which the law attaches an equal or greater penalty, or for two or more crimes to
which it attaches lighter penalty than that for the new offense and that he is convicted of the new
offense.

OFFENSE-- is an act or omission that is punishable by special laws such as Republic Acts, Presidential
Decrees, Executive Orders, Memorandum Circulars, Ordinances and Rules and Regulations.

PENALTY-- penalty is the suffering that is inflicted by the State for the transgression of a law.

COMPLEX CRIMES-- when a single act constitutes two or more grave or less, grave felonies, or when an
offense is a necessary means for committing the other, the penalty for the most serious crime shall be
imposed.

CONTINUED CRIME--a continued crime is a single crime, consisting of a series of acts but all arising from
one criminal resolution.

ABERRATIO ICTUS-- mistake in the blow

ERROR IN PERSONAE--mistake in the identity of the victim

PRAETER INTENTIONEM-- the injurious result is greater than that intended.

RESTITUTION--in theft, the culprit is duty bound to return the property stolen.

REPARATION-- in case of inability to return the property stolen, the culprit must pay the value of the
property stolen.

APPEAL- -a request to a higher (appellate) court for that court to review and change the decision of a
lower court

ASSAULT- -a threat or use of force on another that causes that person to have a reasonable apprehension
of imminent harmful or offensive contact; the act of putting another person in reasonable fear or
apprehension of an immediate battery by means of an act amounting to an attempt or threat to commit
a battery.

ACQUITTAL-- a jury verdict that a criminal defendant is not guilty or the finding of a judge that the
evidence is insufficient to support a conviction.

BATTERY-- the application of force to another, resulting in harmful or offensive contact.

BRIBERY-- The corrupt payment, receipt, or solicitation of a private favor for official action.

COUNTERFEITING- -the forging, copying, or imitating of something (usually money) without a right to do
so and with the purpose of deceiving or defrauding.

TREASON- -is a breach of allegiance to a government committed by a person who owes allegiance to it.

ALLEGIANCE- -is meant the obligation of fidelity and obedience which the individuals owe to the
government under which they live or to their sovereign, in return for the protection they receive.

NEUTRALITY--a nation or power which takes no part in a contest of arms going on between others is
referred to as neutral.

CORRESPONDENCE-- is communication by means of letters, or it may refer to the letters which pass
between those who have friendly or business relations.

DOCUMENT-- is any written statement by which a right is established or an obligation extinguished. A

document is a writing or instrument by which a fact may be proven and affirned.

PIRACY--it is robbery or forcible depredation on the high seas, without lawful authority and done with
animo furandi and in the spirit and intention of universal hostility.

MUTINY-- it is the unlawful resistance to a superior officer, or the raising of commotions and
disturbances on board a ship against the authority of its commander.

PROBABLE CAUSE-- probable cause can be defined as such facts and circumstances which would lead a
reasonable discreet and prudent man to believe that an offense has been committed and that the object
sought in connection with the offense are in the place sought to searched.

SEARCH WARRANT-- is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines signed by a
judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property described therein
and bring it before the court.

MISPRISION OF TREASON-- every person owing allegiance to the government of the Philippine Islands,
without being a foreigner, and having knowledge of any conspiracy against them, conceals or does not
disclose and make known the same, as soon as possible to the governor or fiscal of the province, or the
mayor or the fiscal of the city in which he resides.

SEDITION-- in its general sense, is the raising of commotions or disturbances in the State.
CHARIVARI--the term charivari includes a medley of discordant voices, a mock serenade of discordant
noises made on kettles, tins horns, etc.., designed to annoy and insult.

ESPIONAGE- -Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort, or naval or military establishment or
reservation to obtain any information, plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature relative
to the defense of the Philippine Archipelago; or (2) Being in possession, by reason of the public office he
holds, of the articles, data, or information referred to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their
contents to a representative of a foreign nation.

INCITING TO WAR OR GIVING MOTIVES FOR REPRISALS.- - The penalty of reclusion temporal shall be
imposed upon any public officer or employee, and that of prision mayor upon any private individual,
who, by unlawful or unauthorized acts provokes or gives occasion for a war involving or liable to involve
the Philippine Islands or exposes Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons or property.

VIOLATION OF NEUTRALITY -- The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon anyone who, on
the occasion of a war in which the Government is not involved, violates any regulation issued by
competent authority for the purpose of enforcing neutrality.

FLIGHT TO ENEMY'S COUNTRY. -- The penalty of arresto mayor shall be inflicted upon any person who,
owing allegiance to the Government, attempts to flee or go to an enemy country when prohibited by
competent authority.

PIRACY IN GENERAL AND MUTINY ON THE HIGH SEAS -- The penalty of reclusion temporal shall be
inflicted upon any person who, on the high seas, shall attack or seize a vessel or, not being a member of
its complement nor a passenger, shall seize the whole or part of the cargo of said vessel, its equipment,
or personal belongings of its complement or passengers

EXPULSION -- The penalty of prision correccional shall be imposed upon any public officer or employee
who, not being thereunto authorized by law, shall expel any person from the Philippine Islands or shall
compel such person to change his residence.

VIOLATION OF DOMICILE.- - The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed
upon any public officer or employee who, not being authorized by judicial order, shall enter any dwelling
against the will of the owner thereof, search papers or other effects found therein without the previous
consent of such owner, or having surreptitiously entered said dwelling, and being required to leave the
premises, shall refuse to do so.

DWELLING-- means any building or structure exclusively devoted for rest and comfort as distinguished
from places devoted to business, offices, etc..,

INHABITED HOUSE-- is any shelter, ship or vessel constituting the dwelling of one or more persons even
though the inhabitants thereof are temporarily.

PUBLIC BUILDING--is every building owned by the government or belonging to a private person but used
or rented by the government, although temporarily unoccupied by the same.
PREMISES-- premises signifies distinct and definite locality. It may mean a room, shop, building or
definite area, but in either case, locality is fixed.

GRAVE THREATS- -any person who shall threaten another with the infliction upon the person, honor, or
property of the latter or of his family of any wrong amounting to a crime.

UNJUST VEXATION- -unjust vexation includes any human conduct which, although not productive of
some physical or material harm would, however, unjustly annoy or vex an innocent person.

SEIZE-- it means to place in the control of someone a thing or to give him the possession thereof.

ROBBERY- -is the taking of personal property belonging to another, with intent to gain, by means of
violence against, or intimidation of any person, or using force upon things.

FALSE KEYS-- are genuine keys stolen from the owner or any keys other than those intended by the
owner for use in the lock forcibly opened by the offender.

BRIGANDAGE-- is a crime committed by more than three armed persons who form a band of robbers for
the purpose of committing robbery in the highway or kidnapping persons for the purpose of extortion or
to obtain ransom, or for any other purpose to be attained by means of force and violence.

PHILIPPINE HIGHWAY-- it shall refer to any road, street, passage, highway and bridges or other parts
thereof, or railway or railroad within the Philippines used by persons, or vehicles, or locomotives or
trains for the movement or circulation of persons or transportation of goods, articles, or property or
both.

THEFT-- theft is committed by any person who, with intent to gain but without violence against or
intimidation of persons nor force upon things, shall take personal property of another without the
latter's consent.

FENCING-- is the act of any person who, with intent to gain for himself or for another, shall buy, receive,
possess, keep, acquire, conceal, sell or dispose of, or shall buy and sell, or in any other manner deal in
any article, item, object or anything of value which he knows, or should be known to him, to have been
derived from the proceeds of the crime of robbery or theft.

ENCUMBRANCE-- the term incumbrance includes every right or interest in the land which exists in favour
of third persons.

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF-- malicious mischief is the wilful damaging of another's property for the sake of
causing damage due to hate, revenge or other evil motive.

ADULTERY-- adultery is committed by any married woman who shall have sexual intercourse with a man
not her husband and by the man who has carnal knowledge of her, knowing her to be married, even if
the marriage be subsequently declared void.
LEWD-- lewd is designed as obscene, lustful, indecent, and lecherous. It signifies the form of immorality
which has relation to moral impurity; or that which is carried on a wanton manner.

CONCUBINAGE- -any husband who shall keep a mistress in the conjugal dwelling, or, shall have sexual
intercourse, under scandalous circumstances, with a woman who is not his wife, or shall cohabit with her
in any other place.

COHABIT-- the term cohabit means to dwell together, in the manner of husband and wife, for some
period of time, as distinguished from occasional, transient interviews for unlawful intercourse.

SEDUCTION-- seduction means enticing a woman to unlawful sexual intercourse by promise of marriage
or other means of persuasion without use of force.

ABDUCTION-- is meant the taking away of a woman from her house or the place where she may be for
the purpose of carrying her to another place with intent to marry or to corrupt her.

BIGAMY-- any person who shall contract a second or subsequent marriage before the former marriage
has been legally dissolved, or before the former marriage has been legally dissolved, or before the
absent spouse has been declared presumptively dead by means of a judgment rendered in the proper
proceedings.

LIBEL- -is a defamation committed by means of writing, printing, lithography, radio, phonograph, painting
or theatrical or cinematographic exhibition, or any similar means.

SLANDER-- slander is oral defamation, it is libel committed by oral (spoken) means, instead of in writing.
The term oral defamation or slander as now understood, has been defined as the speaking of base and
defamatory words which tend to prejudice another in his reputation, office, trade, business or means of
livelihood.

MISFEASANCE-- is the improper performance of some act which might lawfully be done

MALFEASANCE-- is the performance of some act which ought not to be done.

NONFEASANCE--is the omission of some act which ought to be performed.

INFANTICIDE- -the killing of any child less than three days of age, whether the killer is the parent or
grandparent, any other relative of the child, or a stranger.

DUEL-- it is a formal or regular combat previously concerted between two parties in the presence of two
or more seconds of lawful age on each side, who make the selection of arms and fix all the other
conditions of the fight.

MUTILATION-- means the lopping or the clipping off of some part of the body.

DEFORMITY- -is meant physical ugliness, permanent and definite abnormality. It must be conspicuous ad
visible.
ARREST-- A restraint on person, depriving one of his own will and liberty, binding him to become
obedient to the will of the law

PROOF-- It refers to the accumulation of evidence sufficient to persuade the trial court.

QUANTUM OF EVIDENCE- -the totality of evidence presented for consideration

QUANTUM OF PROOF -- refers to the degree of proof required in order to arrive at a conclusion.

BURDEN OF EVIDENCE -- the duty of a party of going forward with evidence.

BURDEN OF PROOF -- the duty of the affirmative to prove that which it alleges.

COLLATER MATTERS - -matters other than the fact in issue and which are offered as a basis for inference
as to the existence or non-existence of the facts in issue.

PROBATIVE VALUE -- It is the tendency of the evidence to establish the proposition that it is offered to
prove.

ANTECEDENT CIRCUMTANCES -- facts existing before the commission of the crime [i.e. hatred, bad moral
character of the offender, previous plan, conspiracy, etc.]

CONCOMITANT CIRCUMTANCES -- facts existing during the commission of the crime [i.e. opportunity,
presence of the accused at the scene of the crime, etc.]

SUBSEQUENT CIRCUMTANCES -- facts existing after the commission of the crime [i.e. flight, extrajudicial
admission to third party, attempt to conceal effects of the crime, possession of stolen property, etc.]

CONFESSION -- an acknowledgement of guilt.

judicial admissions.—An admission, verbal or written, made by a party in the course of the proceedings
in the same case, does not require proof. The admission may be contradicted only by showing that it was
made through palpable mistake or that no such admission was made