Heat Exchanger Network

Synthesis (Pinch Analysis)

Rangan Banerjee
Department of Energy Science and Engineering

IIT Bombay

Lecture in KIC-TEQIP programme on Energy Management and Energy Efficiency - IITG - 24th May 2016
Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis
(Pinch Analysis)
Steam 1200C

200C 800C

2kW/0C

Heating
Steam 1200C

200C 800C

2kW/0C

Source: Linnhoff
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Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis
(Pinch Analysis)
300C

1500C
900C
2kW/0C

500C
300C Cooling

1500C
900C
2kW/0C

500C

Source: Linnhoff
3
Alternative Network

1500C 900C
120kW
800C
200C

1500C 900C
120kW
800C 200C

Source: Linnhoff
4
 Area and Energy
Q  UAT
Integration
As T decreases, expect Area to increase
But if Q decreases, Area may also decrease
120 = (UA) 70
UA = 1.7 kW/k
Total UA = 3.4 kW/k
In earlier case total UA = 6.44 kW/k
Hence cost energy 5
 Problem Definition

Grass root design

Tt

Q   CPdT  CP (TT  TS )  H
Ts

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 Problem Definition
Stream No. Type CP (kW/0C) Ts 0C Tt 0C

1 C 2.0 20 135

2 H 3.0 170 60

3 C 4.0 80 140

4 H 1.5 150 130

Tmin  100 C Utilities steam at 2000C cooling water at 150C

Source: Linhoff
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 Parallel grid representation
CP (kW/0C)
1700C 600 3.0
H 2
300
1500C 1.5
H 4

1350C 200 2.0

C 1

1400C 800
4.0
C 3

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 Data Specification
 Set of hot streams to be cooled and set of cold
streams to be heated
 Inlet and outlet temperatures (Tin, Tout) of steams

 Flow rates (m) of streams

 Specific heats (Cp) and heat transfer Coefficients

with dependence on temperature

 Allowable  P

Additional constraints
 Plant layout, safety, flexibility, controllability,
operability.

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 Temperature – Enthalpy diagram
T

Tt dH
 CP
dt
dT 1
Slope = 
0C dH CP
If Ts > Tt Hot stream
Ts < Tt Cold stream
Ts
H = CP(Tt-Ts)

kW
H
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Cold Streams

11
Cold Composite Curve

12
Hot Streams

13
Hot Composite Curves

14
 Pinch Analysis
180
160
140
Temperature (oC)

120
HCC
100
80
CCC
60

40
20
0
Enthalpy (H)
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 Pinch Analysis
180
QH=20 kW
160
140
Temperature (oC)

120
100
80
∆T=10oC
60

40
20
QC=60 kW
0
Enthalpy (H)
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 Design rules

 No heat transfer across Pinch

 No cold utilities above Pinch

 No hot utilities below Pinch

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 Pinch
QH,min

C
T
H Pinch

C-C Cold Composite

C H-H Hot Composite
QC,min

H
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19
HEAT CASCADE From Hot Utility From Hot Utility
1650C 0 kW 20 kW

1 H=-60kW
80 kW
1450C 60 kW

2 H=-2.5kW
1400C 62.5 kW 82.5 kW

3 H=+82.5kW
850C
-20 kW 0 kW

4 H=-75kW
550C 55 kW 75 kW

5 H=+15kW
250C 40 kW 60 kW

To Cold Utility To Cold Utility

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 CP kW/0C
1700 900 900 600
2 3.0

1500 900 900 300

4 1.5

1350 800 800 200

1 2.0

1400 800
3 4.0 QC MIN =60 kW
QH MIN = 20 kW
PINCH
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 DESIGN
1700 900 600
2 I III

1500 300
900 700
4 II IV C
60kW
1350 1250 800 350 200
H 1
20kW 90kW 30kW
90kW

1400 800
3
240kW
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Eulers Theorem

23
Targeting no of units

24
Energy Relaxation

25
 2 I III

1500 T2 300
4 II C
60+X
1350 650 200
H 1
20+X 120-X 90

3
PATH
240
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 1700 900 600
2 I III

1500 750 300

4 II C
67.5
1350 1210 650 200
H 1
27.5 112.5 90

1400 800
3
240 u = uMIN = 5
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 References
1. B. Linhoff, User Guide on Process Integration for the
Efficient Use of Energy IChem E (1984), London.
2. U. V. Shenoy, Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis, Gulf
Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 1995.

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