Solution of Triangle

EXERCISES

16. Prove that

I.WEl I cos A
cos B cos C
(Problems Based on Fundamentals) --+--. +--
a b C
17 Prove that .
a - b sin (A -B)
2
(a -b}2 cos 2 (�)+(a+b)2 sin 2 (�) =c2
l . If in a triangle ABC, -2--2 ---- , then the
2

· a +b sin(A+B )
triangle is right angled or isosceles? 18. In a MBC, if
sin (B:...C) b -c · (a+b+ c)(a - b + c) = 3ac, then find LB
2. Prove that --'----'-=--
2 2

sin (B+_C) a
2
19. In any MB�, if 2 cos B = �
3. In a MBC such that LA= 45 and LB.:= 75 then find
prove that the triangle is isosceles.
° °

20. In aL1ABC, if(a+ b+ c) (b + c-a) = Abe then find the.

a+cJi.
4. Prove that
value of A.
a 2 sin (B C) · b2 sin ( C� A) c sin (A- B) 21. If the angles A, B, C of a triangle are in AP and its sides
- +- ---''-----'- = 0
2

sin A+sin B
---'----'-+--.o..__.:..
sin B+sin C sin C+sin A a, b, Care in GP, prove that a2, b2, c1- are in AP.
5. Prove that 22. If the line segment joining the points P(a 1 , b1 ) and
b -c Q(a2, bJ subtends an angle 0 at the origin , prove that
----+---- +----=0
2 2 2 2 2 2

a1 a2+!Jib2
c -a a �b

cos B+cos C cos C+cos A cosA+cosB . cos 0 -( .

- )
6. In a triangle ABC, if a2, b2, c1- are in AP then prove t��t �a�+ bf �ai+ bi
cot A, cot B, cot Care in AP. 23 In a triangle ABC, if cot A, cot B, cot Care in AP, prove
thata2, b 2, c2 are in AP.
7. If cot = b + c , then p�ove that MBC is right angled.'
A
.. 2 , 24. If the sides of a triangle are a, _b and
·
a vaI 2+a b,+b 2
p ' - sin A_ --'-
sin (A- B)
--'- then find its greatest angle.
.

1
,Jl'

8. Prove that a , b , ..2 are m

• A. ., f -- . ,' ,
sin C sin (B .- C)
2 2 c,-

25. In a triangle ABC, if a. cos A =.b cos B, then prove that

9. In any MBC, prove that triangli is right angled isosceles.
rr(sin 2 A sin A+1 26. In a triangle ABC, the angles are in AP, then prove that,
� ) > 27_
smA -C
2 cos(A )=
a c
10. In a triangle ABC, prove that, 2•
+
�a2 -a c + c 2
i
a sin ( +B) = (b+ c) sin ( 1). 27; In a triangle ABC, prove'that

11. In a triangle ABC, prove that,

asin(B-C) bsin( C-A). csin( A-B)
(
:i
b2 c
2

)sin 2A+(
c �a
2

2
2
}in 2B
�-? ?-�
l+cos(A-B )cos C a +b
�-�
+( a ? 2
b2
)sin 2C= 0
12. Prove that _____:_._--'--- = -2--2
2 2

l+cos(A -C)cosB a +c 28. In a triangle ABC, if LA= 60° , then find the value of
13. In a MBC, if cos A+ 2 cos B + cos C = 2 then prove
(1+�+;) (1+ - ).
that the sides of a triangle are in AP f f
14. In a MBC, if 1 3
l
cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin C = 1, 29. If--+--= , then find LC
b+c a-t b+c
then prove that a :b:.c = 1:1:Ji.
a+c
30. If in a triangle ABC,
2 cos A 2 cos B 2 cos C 1 b
=-+-
15. In a MBC, prove that
--+--+
a. b C be c a'
a(b cos C- c cos B) = b 2 -c? then find the angle A in degrees.

1
 Solution of Triangle

. .. �ll
(ii) cos
B
½
«X4£2J½&
31. In any MBC,prove that 2
�-·· :· ···-···
· ·":

. C . (iii) cos A
2(a sm2 2 +c sm2 2) = a + c - b
A

44. In a MBC, if cos ( i) =�b� , prove that MBC is

c
32. Inany MBC,prove that
right angle d at C.
2(bcos2 � + ccos2 1) =a+ b + c 45. Ina MBC,prove that,

33. Inany MBC,prove that b cos 2 ( �) +c cos 2 ( 1) =s

(b + c) cos A+(c + a) cos B+(a+b) cos C
=(a+ b + c) 46. Ina MBC,prove that
sin B c ..,. a cos B
34. Ina MBC,prove that, --=---­ be cos 2 ( i) + ca cos 2 ( 1) + ab cos 2 ( �) =s 2
sin C b - a cos C
35. Inany MBC,prove that 47. Ina MBC,prove that
. C
2 2
.
2( asm2 +csm 2 ) =a+c-b
A
2 ac sin( A -1 +C = (a2 2 - 2).
) +c b
36. In any MBC,prove that 48. Ina MBC, 3a = b + c,
cos A cos B then find the value of cot ( 1) cot ( �)
b cos C + c cos B c cos A +a cos C
------+------
49. Ina MBC,prove that
cos C a2 +b2 +c2
+------=�---
a cos B +b cos A 1- =

-
2abc
tan(i}an(1) (a/:+c)
37. In any MBC prove that 2(bc cos A + ca cos B + ab
cos C) = (a2 + b2 +c2) 50. Ina MBC,prove that:

38. InanyMBC, b=.fi+I,c=.fi-1

cot (i)+cot( 1)+co = o
t(�) (:::�:) c t( i)
and LA= 60 ° then find the value of tan(
B; C
).
51. Ina MBC,if cot ( i} cot ( 1), cot ( �)
are inAP,then prove that a, b, care in AP
39. Inany 4ABC, b =.fi,c =1,B-C =90°
thenfind LA. 52 InaMBC,c(a+b)cos-:
B
4 2
40. If in a MBC, a = 6, b = 3 and cos (A - B) = , then
5 = b (a+ c) cos C,
find the angle C. 2
41. InaMBC,if
thenprove that the triangle is isosceles.
x=tan( ; )tan(i),
53. In a MBC,prove that
B C

y =tan( ; A }an( �) and

C
cot ( 1) f) f)
+cot ( +cot (
(a+b+c) 2
cot A +cot B +cot C a 2+b 2 + c2
z=tan( A; }an(�),
B

54. In a MBC,if
thenprove thatx +y +z +xyz = 0
· 31 c(a +b) cos ( 1)=b(a + c) cos ( �)
42. Ina MBC,if a = 5, b = 4 and cos (A - B) = - , then
prove that c = 6. 32
thenprove that the triangle ABC is isosceles.

43. In a MBC,if a = 13, b = 14 and c = 15,then find the 55. Inany MBC,if a=Ji, b =.fi
value of
. . and c =Js , thenfind the area of the MBC.
(1 ) sm-
A
2

2
 Solution of Triangle

56. In any MBC, prove that 69. IfD be the mid point of the side BC of the triangle ABC
2 2
a � b x sin A sin B and A be its area, then prove that
A= 2
b -c
2
2 sin(A-B) cot0=�, whereLADB=0
57. If the angles of triangle and 30° and 45° and the in­
cluded side is ( Jj + 1) cm., then prove that the area of
--'Wl
the triangle is !..( Jj +l) cm2• 70. In a MBC, if a = 18 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 30 cm, then
2
find its circum-radius
58. In a MBC, prove that

1)+ f)+ f)
71. In an equilateral triangle of side 2-fj cm, then find the
circum-radius.
cot( cot( cot(
72. If the length of the sides of a triangle are 3, 4 and 5
cot A + cot B +cot C units, then find its circum-r.adius R.
2
73. If 8R2 = a2 + b2 + c2, then prove that the triangle is right
(a+b+c)
=---- angled
a2 + b2 +c2 74. In any MBC, prove that a cos A+ b cos B+c cos C =
s
2 4R sinA sinB sin C
59. If in a MBC, prove that A < - . 75. In any MBC, prove that
4
D = 2R2 sin A sinB sjn C
60. If a, /3, yare the lengths of the altitudes of a MBC, then
76. In any MBC, prove that,
prove that
sin A . siri B sin C 3
1 1 1 1 --+--· +--=-
- +2+2 =-(cot A+ cot B + cot C) a b c 2R
a f3 r A
2
77. In any MBC, a, b, c are in AP and p l ' p2 and A are
61. Ifp"p2,p3 are the altitudes ofa triangle from the verti­ the altitudes of the given triangle, then prove that,
ces A, B, C and A be the area of the MBC, prove that '1 1 1 3R
1 1 1 2ab C -+-+-$-.
x cos2 2
+ - = ( ). Pt P2 P3 A
Pi P2 p3 (a +b + c) x A 78. If p" p2 and p3 are the altitudes of a MBC.frorµ the
62. If a, b, c and dare the sides of a quadrilateral, then find vertices A, B and C respectively.. then prove that
� 1 +1 1 1
. . a 2 +b 2 +c2 - +-
the minimum value of (· )
d2 Pi P2 P3 = r
-
63. In a MBC; if cos A+ cos B + cos C = l, then the tri- 79. If P i , p2 a11_d p3 are the altitudes of a MBC from the
angle is equilateral. 2 vertices A, B and C respectively. then prove that
cos A cos B cos C 1
64. In a M>QR, if sin P, sin Q, sin R are in AP then prove --+--+--=-
that its altitude are in HP A P2 • p3 R
65. In aMBC, A=(6+2FJ)sq.u .SO. In an acute angled MBC, prove that
cos C ·· 1
and LB= 45°, a= 2(-fj +1), then
�4R2 -c2 2R
prove that the side b is 4
66. If the angles of a triangle are 30° and 45\, and the in­ 81. If p" p2 and p3 are the altitudes of a MBC from the
cluded side is (Jj + 1) , then prove that vertices A, B and C respectively. then prove that
a 2b2c2
ar(AABC )=!..(Jj + l)sq.u PiP2P3 �=
2
67. The two adjacent sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 2 82. Ifp l ' p2 and A are the altitudes of a MBC from the

-
and 3 and the angle between them is 60. If the area of vertices A, B and C respectively. then prove that
the quadrilateral is 4-fj , then prove that the remaining b
-12_ cp ap = a 2 + b2 + c 2
+ 2+ 3
two sides are 2 and 3 respectively. c a b 2R
83. 0 is the circum-centre of MBC and R 1 , � anti R3 are
respectively the radii of the circum-centre of the tri­
68. The median AD of a MBC is perpendicular to AB. angles·AOBC, AOCA and AOAB, prove that
Prove that tan A +2 tan B = 0 a b c abc
-+-+-=-
R1 Rz R3 R 3

3
 Solution of Triangle

84. In an acute angled MBC, prove that 101. IfP p Pz,P3 are respectively the perpendiculars from the
a sec A +bsec B + csec C vertices of a � to the opposite sides, then prove that
2R

·"·�
tan A tan B tan C (abc)2
P, ·P2·P3 sT·
=
85. In any MBC, prove that
(a cos A +b cos B + c cos C) = 4R sin A sin B sin C 102. Find The bisectors of the angles of a MBC

;1;·�-s::z::�v.r:
86. InaMBC, if a = 4cm, b = 6 cm andc = 8 cm, then find 103. In a MBC, if a : 18 cm, b::: 24 cm, and c = 30 cm, then
its in-radius. fmd the value of r l ' r2 and r3
87. If the sides of a triangle be 18, 24, 30 cm, then find its . 1 1 1 1
104. In a triangle MBC, prove that - + -+-=- , where
in-radius. 1i. r2 r3 r
88. If the sides of a triangle are 3 : 7 : 8; then find R : r. r is in radius and R 1, R2, R3 are exradii.
89. Two sides of a triangle are 2 and Jj and the included
105. In a MBC, prove that
angle is 30°, then prove that its in-radius is .!_(Ji -1) . b-c --+ c-a --=a-b
2 - -+ 0
90. In an equilateral triangle, prove that R = 4r 1i. r2 r3
91. In a MBC, prove that
- b-.C .
1 1 1 1 AA . 1,.f -
106. In a ilr!BC C = -·-, then prove that a, b, c are
S -
-+-+-+­ inAP s-a a-b
ab be ca 2rR
92. In a MBC, prove that
107. In a triangle if (1- � )( 1- �)=2, prove that the
cos A +cos B + cos C = (1+ ; ).
triangle is right angled.
93. In a MBC, prove that 108. In a triangle MBC, prove that r 1 + r2 +. r3 - r = 4R
. . . 109. In a triangle MBC, prove that rt2 + r[3 + r3r1 = s2
sm A +sm B +sm C = -=-s �
R Rr 110. In a triangle MBC, prove that r1 + r2 - r3 + r = 4R cos
94. In any MBC, prove that a cotA + b cot B + c cot C = C
2(r+ R) 11 I. If r1 , r2, r3 are in HP, then prove that a, b, care in AP.
/

95. In a MBC, prove that 112. In a triangle ABC, if a, b, c are in AP as well as in GP

a sec A+b sec B+ c sec C
R then prove that the value of ( 1i. - rz +10) is 10.
2tanA·tanBK·tanC ' rz r3
96. In a MBC, prove that 113. In a triahgle MBC, prove that·
(b+c) tan ( i)+(c +a) tan ( 1) +(a +b) tan ( �) 1 1
2+�+2+2
1
1i. r2 r3 r
1 = a 2 + b 2 +c 2
. A··2
= 4(r+ R) 114. In a triangle MBC, prove that (r1 - r)(r2 - r)(r3 - r) =
97. In a MBC, if C = 90° , prove that 4r2R ..
1 115. If r1 < r2 < r3 and the ex-radii of a right angled triangle
-(a+b)=R+r
2 . 3+.Jfi
98. In any MBC, prove that and r1 = 1, r2 = 2, .then prove that r3=--- .
2
cos2 ( i) +cos2 ( 1) +cos2 ( �)=2 + ;
R
116. Two sides of a triangle are the roots of x2- 5x +3 = 0.
If the angle between the sides is Jr • then prove that the
99. If the distances of the sides of a triangle ABC from a value of r. R is 2/3. 3
circum-center be x, y and z respectively, then prove that
117. In an isosceles triangle of which one angle is 120°, cir­
a b c abc
-+-+-=--. cle of radius Jj is inscribed, then prove that the area
X y Z 4.xyz
of the triangle is (12 +7.Ji) sq. u.
100. If in a �BC, 0 is the circum center ahd R is the cir­
cum-radius and R I ' R2, R3 are the circllm radii of the 118. If in a triangle r = r 1 - r2 - r3, then prove that the tri­
traingles �OBC, �OCA and �OAB respectively, then angle is right angled.
prove that 119. In a MBC, prove that r. r1 • r2 • r3 = �2
a b c abc
-+-+-=- . 120. Prove that -'-'---=-'- (r2 + r3 ) (r3 + 1j_)
(1j_ + rz) =-'-=---"--
R1 R2 R3 R 3 1 + cos C l+cosA l+cosB

4
 Solution of Triangle

121. Prpvethat(t-�)(;� �)(;-

�)= r2
6

(a � :+c)2

(!.1j_ + -r1. )(-r1. + r3-1. )(1-.13 + !) 64R 3

122. Prove that =
2 2 1j_ ( bc
a )
2

123. In a MBC, prove that

r 2 + 1j_2 +r:f + r} = 16R 2-(a 2 + b2 + c2 )
124. ill a MBC, prove that

-
(1j_ + r2)(r2 + r3 )(r3 + 1j_) 4R
(1i_r2 + r2r3 + Y31j_)

125. If A0, A 1 , ... A 5 be the consecutive vertices of a regular

hexagon inscribed in a unit circle. Then find the prod­
uct of length of A<t4 1 , A<t4 2 and A<t44 •
126. If the Area of circle is A 1 and area of regular pentagon
inscribed it1 the circle is A2 • Find the ratio ofarea of
two.
127. Let A 1 , A2, A3 , A4 and A 5 be the vertices of a regular
pentagon inscribed in a unit circle taken in order. Show
thatA A1 2 xA 1A 3 :;= ..Js.
128. The sides of a regular do-decagon is 2 ft .. Find the ra­
dius of the circumscribed circle.
129. A regular pentagon and a regular decagon have the
same perimeter. Find the ratio of its area.
130. If 2a be the sides of a regular polygon of n-sides. R
and r be the circum-radius and inradius, then prove that
r+R = a cot(;).
131. A regular pentagon and a regular decagon have the
same area, then fmd the ratio of their perimeter.
132. If the number of sides of two regular polygon having
the same perimeterbe n and 2n respectively, prove that
their areas are in the ratio
2 cos (:) : (1 + cos (:))
133. LetA I ' A 2 , A 3 , ........... , An be the vertices c?f an n-sided
1 1 1
regular polygon such that --=--+--, then
find the value ofn. A1A2 A1 A3 A1A4

134. IfA,A l 'A 2 ,A 3 aretheareasofincircleand theex-circlesof

. 1 1 1 1
a triangle, then prove that .Ji; + ..[A; + ..{i; = .fA.

135. If the perimeter of the circle and the perimeter of the

polygon of n-sides are same, then prove that the ratio
of the area of the circle and the area of the polygon of
' .
n-s1des 1s tan
(1C)
:
1C
-;; -;;
136. Prove that the sum of the radii of the circle, which are
respectively inscribed in and circum-scribed about a
regular polygon ofn�sides, is ..�cot (
2 2n
i)
5
 Hints & Solutions Solution of Triangle

(1)
a2-b2 sin2A-sin2B
=
a2+b2 sin2C
a2-b2 k2(a2-b2 )
a2+b2 k2c2
a2 b2 )
--=( -
c2
1 1
(a 2-b)-
2
( 2 -. 2 -- =0
a + b c2)
=2b
( 1 1 4. Now,
(a 2-b2)=0, -- -- =0
a2+b2 c2) a2sin (B -C) ak sin A sin (B - C)
1 1 sin B+ sin C sin B + sin C
a 2 =b2 ,--- =2 a
a +b2
2
C _ k sin (B +C) sin (B-C)
sin B +sin C
� a = b, a2 + b2 = c2
Thus, the tri angle is isosceles or right angled. sin2(B)-sin2 (C)
· ak (
= )
2. Wehave sin B +sin C
sin (B -C) sin (B-C) x sin (B+C) = ak(sin B- sin C)
= = k sinA(sin B-sin C)
sin (B+ C) sin (B +C) sin (B+ C)
= k(sinA sinB-sin A sin C)
_ sin2 (B)-sin2(C)
- Similarly,
sin2(B+C) b2sin (C-A) .. . . .
_ sin2 (B)-sin2(C) . · . = k(sm B sm C-sm A smB)
- smC+smA
sin2(n--A) c2sin (A- B) . . · . .
_ sin (B)- sin (C)
2 2 and . . = k(smA sm C-sm C sm B)
- smA+smB
sin\A) Thus, LHS
k 2c�
= k2b2- 2 = k[sinA sin B-sin A sin C+sin B sin C
k2a -sin A sin B + sin A sin C-sin C sin B]
b -c 2
2 =O
5. Now,
=--;r- b2 - c2 _ k 2 (sin2 B -s in2 C)
3. Wehave
cos B +cos C cos B + cosC
LC= 180 °-(A + B)
= 180 °-(45 ° + 75° ) _ k2(1-cos2B-l+cos2 C)
= 180° -120° cosB+cos C
=60° 2 2 2
Fr om h
t esine rule , we can wr ite _ k (cos B- cos C)
a b C
cosB+cosC
--=--
sin A sin B sin C =-k2(cos B-cos C)
a b C
Similarly,
= = c2 -a2
sin ( 45 ) sin (75 ) sin ( 60° )
° °
-k2( cos C-cos A)
a b C
cosC+cosA
= ./3 = ./3 = k(say) a2 -b2
1 +1 and ---- =-k2(cos A-cos B)
Ji 2.Ji 2 cos A+ cos B
Now, a+ c.fi Thus, LHS
=-k2[cos B- cos C + cos C-cos A]
cosA-cosB
=O
6
 Solution of Triangle

6. Given, sin(B-A) sin (A)

a2, b2, c2 are in AP
b 2 a2 c2 b2 sin(C-B) sin(C)
:::} - = -
:::} sin2 B-sin2 A = sin2 C-sin2 B sin(A) sin (A-B)
--=
:::} sin (B+A) sin (B-A) sin(C) sin (B- C)
= sin( C+B) sin(C-B)
9. Wehave
:::} sin C(sin B cos A-cos B sin A)
= sinA(sin Ccos B-cos C sin B)
Dividing both the sides by sic. -A sin B sin C, we get,
rr( sin2A+sinA+l ·
sin A )
.
=(smA+--+
1
sin A
i)
:::} cot A -cot B =cot B-cot C
1
:::} cot A, cot B, cot Care in AP (sin B+-.- -+ 1)
7. Wehave smB
b c 1
cot(1)= : (sin C + -.- -+ 1)
smC
sin B+sin C ) 2+ 1)(2+ 1) = 27
>(2+ 1(
cot (A)
- =
2 sin A (applying AM� GM)

cot(A)=
2sin(T)cos( T) 10. Let --=--=--=k
a b C
sin A sin B sin C
2 sin A We have,
b+ c
-- = k(sin B + sin C)
a ksin A
(sin B + sin C)
=-'------�
sin A

2sin( T)cos( T)
2 sin ( 1) cos( 1)

2sin(f-1)cos( T)
2 sin ( 1)cos ( 1)

_·2cos(1)cos(
-
T)
2 sin ( 1)cos( :)

_ cos(T)
A B-C
sin ( 1)
-=--
2 2
A+C=B
2B =A+B+C = 180 ° sin(1+B)
=} B = 90 ° _
Thus, the triangle is right angled. - sin( 1)
8. Given,
a2, b2, c2are in AP.
b2-a2 =c2-b2 1 1. Let --=--=--=k
a b C

sin A sin B sin C

sin2 B-sin2 C = sin2 C-sin2 B
sin (B+A) sin (B-A) = sin(C+B) sin (C-B) a sin (B-C)
vve have,
u,
sin (C) sin (B-A) = sin (A) sin(C-B) b2 -c2

7
 Solution of Triangle

k sin A· sin (C -A) . A+C A-C .

= 2 sm( - -)cos ( - -) =2 sm B
k2 (sin2 C -sin 2A) 2 2
sin (B + C ) · sin (B-C) sin A +sin C = 2 sin B
=-----,---,--- a +c= 2b
k(sin 2B -sin 2C)
=> a, b, care in AP
(sin 2B-sin 2C) 1b sin (C -A)
= ------
14 We have
k(sin 2B-sin 2C) k c2 - a 2 cos A +cos B + sin A sin B sin C = 1
1-cos A cosB
k sin ( +A)· sin (C-A)
=--------'-----'-
2 2
C
2
=> ----- sin C
sin A sin B
k {sin C -sin A)
1-cosA cos B
sin 2C -sin 2A 1 => ----- sin C $;l
= = sin A sin B
k(sin 2C -sin 2A) k => 1 -cos A cos B $; sin A sin B
Also, => 1$; cos A cos B -sin Asin B
c sin (A -B) _ k sin C sin (A -B) => cos (A -B) � 1
- 2 => cos (A -B) = 1
a 2-b 2 k (sin 2A-sin 2B)
=> cos (A -B) =cos (0)
_ sin (A+B) sin (A-B)
- 2
=> A-B = 0
k(sin 2A-sin B) => A=B
sin 2A-sin 2B 1 Therefore,
= 2 - . 1-cos A cos B
2
k(sin A- sin B) k sm C=-----
Hence, the result. sin A sin B
12. Given, 1-cos A cos A 1-cos 2A sin 2A
= = = =1
1+cos (A-B) cos C sin A sin A sin2A sin 2A
1+cos (A-C) cos B => C = 90 °
1+cos (A-B) cos (,r-(A+B)) Hence, A = 45 ° =B, C =90°
= a b C
1+cos (A-C )cos (1r-(A +C )) ,
Now- -=--=-­
sin A sin B sin C
1-cos (A-B) cos(A+ B)
= a b C
1-cos (A-C) cos (A+ C ) => --=--=--
sin 45 ° sin 45 ° sin 90°
1- {cos 2A- sin2B} a b C
2 2
-=-=-
1-{cos A-sin C} 1 1 1
sin 2A+ sin 2B Fi Fi
= a=b= C
sin 2A+sin 2C
2
T 1 Ji,·
a +b2
= , => a :b:c= 1:1:Ji.
2
a +c2 Hence, the result.
13. Given, 15. We have,
cos A+ 2cos B +cos C = 2 a(bcos C -ccos B)

=> cos A + cos C =2(1 -cos B) =(abcos C -accos B)

A C A C 2 a
2
+b2 -c2 a
2
+c2 -b2
=> 2 cos( ; )cos( ; )=4sin (�) =ab( )-ac( )
2ab 2ac
A C
=> cos (; - �) cos ( ; ) =2 sin 2 ( �)
2+
b -c2 ) ( a 2 + c:- b 2 )
=(
a : -
A C 2
. => sin ( �) cos ( ; ) =2 sin ( �) =.!_(a2 + b2 -c2 _ a2 -c2 + b2
2
)

A C 1 2 2 2 2
=> cos( ; )=2 sin(�) =-(b -c -c +b
2
)

Multiplying both sides by 2 cos(�) , we get, =.!_( 2b2 - 2c2 )

2
A C
=> 2cos(�)cos( ; )=2(2 cos(�)sin(�)) = (b2 -c2)
Hence, the result.

8
 Solution of Triangle

cosA C. OS B ·+cos C -2 $,1.,-2 $2

T h ave-·-+-
16. Uvve - -- 0 $A-$4
a h e
1 2 1. Given,A, B, Care in AP
= --(b +e -a +a 2+e 2 -b2+a 2+b 2 -e 2)
2 2 2
2abe 2B =A + C
3B =A + B + C = 1t
(a 2+b2+e 2)
=
2abe B=,r
17. We have
cos B=cos(;)=½
(a -b) 2cos 2 (�)+(a+b)2sin 2 ( �)
a 2+e 2 -b2 1
=(a 2+ b {cos ( �)+sin 2 ( �))
2 2
2ae 2
a2+c2 -b2 = ae
-2ab(cos 2 ( �)-sin 2 ( �)) a2.+e2 -b2 =b2
2b2 = a2+c2
=(a + b 2) -2abcosC a2,b2 ,c2e AP
a 2+ b z -e 2 22. Given, 0 be the origin and LPOQ = 0
= (a + b 2) -2ab( )
2ab y Q
=(a+ b2 )- (a 2 + b 2 - e 2)
=e z p
18. We have
(a+b+e)(a -b + e) = 3ae
� (a+ e)2 -b2 = 3ae
� a2+c 2 -b2 = 3ac -2ae = ae
a 2+ e 2 -b 2 ae 1
� -=-
2ae 2ae 2
1
� cos B = -
2
1t
� B=
Hence,the angle B is 60 °.
=
a 2�af.+ q2 · �ai + bi
19. We have 2 cos B=-
e
(a1a2+qbJ
2 a 2 +e 2 -b2 � =
� ( )= �af +b( �ai + bi
2ae e
a2 + -b 2 23. Given,cot A, cot B, cot Care in AP
� ( : )=a
cos A cos B cos C
� (a2+ e2 -b2) = a2 E AP
sin A ' sin B ' sin C
� (c2 -b2) = 0
e2 = b2 b 2+ e 2 -a 2 ----
---- a 2+ e 2 -b 2 ---
a 2+ b 2 -e 2 AP
� , , -e
� e=b 2abek 2abek 2abek
Thus,the triangle is isosceles. (b2 + c2-a2),(a2+e2 -b2),(a2 + b2 -c2) E AP
20. Given,(a+b + e)(b + e -a) = Abe Subtracting (a2+b2+c2) to each term
{(b+ e)2 - a2} = Abe
(b2+c2-a2) = (A-2)be (-2a2), (-2b2), (-2c2) e AP
(b2+e 2 -a 2) _ ---=--
(A-2)be ,1.,-2 a2,b2, c 2 E AP
2be 2be 2i 2 4. Let e = �a 2 +ab + b2
,1.,-2
cosA = -- Clearly,side e is the greatest
2
Thus,the angle C is the greatest.
,1.,-2
-1$--$1
2
9
 Solution of Triangle

a 2+b 2 -c 2
Now, cos C = ---- cos (A-C)
- -
2a b = 2
= a +b -(a +ab+ b )
2 2

2ab
2 2
sin (1)
·.
A-C.)
=--=--
ab I cos (--
2ab 2 - 2
°
2K sin(60 )
Thus , LC=-
3
2
25. We have a cosA = b cos B =2cos (A-C)
--2
b 2 + c2 -a 2 a 2 + c 2 -b 2
a( ) = b( )
2bc 2ac 27. Wehave
� a(
b 2+c -a 2
: )=b(
a 2 + -b 2
: )
b 2 _ c2 b 2 -c 2
(----;;-) sin2A = (----;;- ) (2 sinA · cosA )
� a2(b 2+c 2 -a2) = b2(a 2 -c 2 -b 2)
� a2(c 2 -a 2) = b2(c 2 -b 2)
� c 2 (a2 -b2) = (a4 -b4)
� c 2(a 2 -b2 ) = (a2 -b2)(a 2+ b2) = ((b
2
- c 2 )(b 2 + c 2 -a 2 )
� (a2 -b2)((a2 + b2 - c 2) = 0 . )
kabc
� (a 2 -b 2) = 0, (a2 + b2) = c2
� a = b, (a 2+ b2 ) = c 2 =-1-x {(b4 -c 4)- a 2 (b 2 -c 2)}
kabc
Thus, the triangle is ri ght angled isos celes.
26. Since the angles are inAP, soA + C=2B Similarly,
� A+B+C = 3B c 2 -a 2 x m
. 1-x {(c 4 -a 4 )-b 2 (c 2 -a 2 )
� 3B = 180° (-- ) s 2B =-
kabc
}
b 2
� B=60°
a 2 -b 2
� cos B = cos (60 ° )= -1 (--;;:-) sin2Cand
2
a +c - 2 b2 1
=- -x {(a 4 -b4 ) -c 2 (a 2 -b 2 ) }
2
� = kabc
2ac 2
� a 2+ c - b =ac
2

� a2 +c 2 -ac = b2
2

Thus, (
:z
b2 c 2 (c a
) sin2A + �2 ) sin2B
2 2

Now,RHS
=
a+c (a2 b2
+
;i ) sin2C
�a 2 -ac+c 2
= a+c =-- 1 x {(b 4 -c 4 )-a 2 (b 2 -c2 )}
b kabc
1
k(
= sinA+sinC) +- -x {(c 4 -a 4 ) -b 2 (c 2 _ a 2 )}
kabc
ksinB
1
A C A C +- -x {(a 4 -b 4 ) -c 2 (a 2 -b 2 )}
2 sin( � ) cos( ; ) kabc

1) 1)
=--------- 1 4
=--x[(b -c 4+c 4 -a +a -b )
4 4 4
2sin( cos( kabc

_
cos(f )cos( T) =a 2(c 2 -b2 ) + b 2 (a 2 -c2) + c 2(b2 -a2 )]
=0

1) 1)
- 28. Given,
sin( cos ( LA =60 °
� cosA = cos (60 ° )
1
� cosA=-

10
 Solution of Triangle

b 2 +c 2-a 2 1 � 2b2-2a2+c2+a2-b2=0
� =- � a2= b2 +c2
2bc 2
MBC is a right angled triangle at A
� (Ir + c2-a2) = b ...(i) A
Thus, L=90°
31. Wehave •
· e s in2(
2( a sin2( �)+ 1))
=(2a s in2( �)+2e s in2 (�))

= a(l -cos C) + e(l -cos A)

c
= a + :... (a cos C + ecos A)
=(a+e-b)
32. Wehave·
2(bcos 2 ( �)+ �.cos 2 (,1))
0
=(2b cos 2( �)+ 2 �cos 2 ( 1))
= b(l +cos C)-t-c(l+cos B).
1 1 3 = b +e + (b cos C + Ccos B)
29 . G.1ven -- +--
'a+c b+c a+b+c =(b+e+a)
a+b+c a+b+c = (a+b+e)
� + 3
a+c b+c 33. Wehave
b
1+--+1+-..-=3
a (b+e)cos A+ (c+ a)cos B+(a+ b)cos C
�
a+c b+c = (b cos A+a cos B) + (c co s ·A+ a cos £)
b a · + (b cqsC + c co s B)
--· +--=l I '." ,., '
a+c b+e =(e+b+a)
� b(b + c) +.a(a + e) = (a+c)(b + c) = (a+b+e)
� b2 +be+a2 + ae'=·ab + ae+be+c 2 34. Wehave
� ,i2 +.b2 ..,..c2=ab e-acosB acosB+bcosA-acosB
'
;
a 2+b 2 ... c2) b-acosC -ecosA+atosC'-acosC
Now, cos (C)=(
2ab .
f

·bcos A
=--
ab 1 ccosA
=-=-
2ab 2 . b '
=-
� C=1C C
ksinB
=--
30. Wehave k s inC
2c os A 2cos B 2cos C 1 b s inB
--+---+---=-+-
a b c be.ca
=--
s ine
2 becos A accos B 2bccos Ci 35. Wehave
� ---+---+---,
abe abc abc
a2 b2 2(a sin2� +e sin2�)
=-+­

(f
abc abc
� 2bccos A + accos B +2be cos Ci
=a2+b2
=a( 2�m 2 ))+c( 2sin
2

(�)J
= a(l -cos C) + c(l -cos A)
1
� (b2+ c 2-a 2 )+-(a 2+e 2-b 2 ) =a+c-(a cos C+ccos A)
2
+(a2 +b2-c2)=a2+1r ._;_a+c-b.

11
 Solution of Triangle

36. Wehave => A= 30°

cosA cosB Hence, the angle A is30° .
+
bcosC ccosB ccosA+acosC 40. Given,
-----+-�---

cosC 4
cos (A-B)=
acosB+bcosA
+----- 5
cosA cosB cosC 4
=--+--+-- => 2cosi (- -) -1=
A-B
a b C 2 5
b2 + c2 -a2 c2 +a 2 -b2 . 4 9
) +( => 2cos2 (- -)=1+ =
A-B
=( ) 2 5 5
2abc 2abc
+(a 2 +.b2 -c2 9
=> cos2 (- -) =
A-B
) 2 10
2abc
3
=-l-{(b2 +c2 -a2 ) => cos(- -) = Jfo
A- B
2abc 2
+ (c 2 +a 2 -b i ) +(a 2 +bi -c2 )}
=> tan( ; ) ½
A B =
(a 2 +b2 +c2 )
=> ( a )cot( C)=!
2abc -b
37. Wehave a+b 2 3
2(bc cosA+ ca cosB + ab cos C) 6-3 e _1
=2bc cosA+ 2ca cosB + 2ab cos C => (--) cot ( -)--
6+3 2 3
b 2 c2 -a 2 + (a 2+ c2 -b2 )
= 2bc( + ) 2 ca
=> .!.cot( c)=!
3 2 3
2bc 2ac
2+ 2
a b -c
+2ab ( )
2

2ab => cot ( �)=1

=�+&-�+�+&-�+�+�-�
=(a2 +�+d) C -
=> -
38. Aswe know that, 2= 4

tan (
B -C
-) =(
b-c
) cot ( )
A => C=tr
. -2 b+c 2 2
Hence, the value of C is � .
( 1)-(.J3 - l) c 600
=( .J3 + l ot ( ) 43. Wehave
(.J3 +1)+ (.J3-1) 2 2s =a+ b + c =13 + 14 + 15
1 s 13+14+15
= cot (30° ) = �=21
Jj 2 2

=
=1
1
x.J3
'
(1 )
. A
sm-=
2
(s-b)(s-c)
be
(21-14)(21-15)
39. Aswe know that , = 14.15
tan ( B; c)=(!:: )cot(;) 1

1:�
= =
Js
9 0
=> tan( � ) =( l cot (;) s(s-a)
COS =�
A
2
(ii)
be .
=> tan (45 ° )= (2-.J3)cot( ;) 21(21-13)
1 14.15
=> cot(A)= =(2+.J3)
2 (2-.Jj3)
=#Hs
=> cot (;)=cot (15 °)
=�= }s
12
 Solution of Triangle

(iii) cosA = 2 cos2 ( i)- 1

=2ac,cosB
a -b_
= 2ac(- 2_ +_c_2_ _ 2)
2ac
= 2(�)-1 = (a2 + c2-b2)

=--=-
8-5 3 48. Wehave cot (1) cot(�)
5 5
b c
44. Wehave cos(i)=) � = s(s-b) -
s(s c)
(s-a)(s-c)
1-_;.....---'-X
(s-a)(s-b)

� �=� ;cc
b = s(s-b) s(s- )
-
'--'----'-X--'-------'-
(s - a)(s c) a s
c
(s- )( -b)
s(s-a) _ b+c
�
be 2c

�
� 2s(2s-2a) = 2b(b + c)
(a+ b + c)(b + c a)= 2b(b +c) - = s
� ((b + c)2 - a2) = 2b(b + c)
� b2 + c2 - a2 = 2b2
s-a
=--2s
� a2 +b2 =c2 2s-2a
Thus, the triangle ABC is right angled at C. =----
a+b+c
45. Wehave a+b+c- 2a
b cos
2
( �)+c cos (
2
1) 4a
=---
4a-2a
= b( s(sa� c)) + c( s(sa: b) =2
)
49. Wehave l-t ( t
s an 1} an(�)
=- (s-c+s-b)
=l- (s-b)(s- ) (s- )(s-
c a c)
s
=-(2s-c-b) s(s-a) s(s-b)
a
( c) 2
= 1-J s �2
s
=-(a+ b+c-c-b )
a
(s .­
=s
=1-- ""'c)
46: Wehave
iJ
s
be cos
2
( i) + ca cos 2 ( + ab cos 2 ( �)
s
-

s(s-a)
be
(
= bc �--'-)+ca ( s
s( -b)
ca
) +a. b( _.:,___;;_ ·
s(s-c)
nh
) = -c
2
2s
=s(s-a) + s(s-b) + s(s-c) = 2c
=s(3s - (a+ b + c)) (a+b+c)
=s(3s-2s)
Hence, the result.
=sxs
=s2 A B
50. Wehave cot-+cot-+cot-
C
2 2 2
47. Wehave 2 ac sin( A-1+c)
= ,---'--+
s(s - a) s(s-b)
I-'---'----'-+ s(s c) -
(s-b)(s-c) (s-a)(s-c) (s-a)(s-b)
= 2ac sin ( A + � ::- B)
s 2 (s-b)2
= 2ac sin ( Jr- 1- B
)
s 2 (s-a)2
= ----'-------'--
-
s(s q)(s-b)(s c) -
+ 1-----'--.....:...,_
s(s-b)(s a)(s c)
__
- -
s 2 (s-c)2
= 2ac sin (; -B) +
s(s-c)(s a)(s-b) -
13
 Solution of Triangle

s2 (s-a) 2 s 2 cs-b) 2 s2 c;-c)2 B

52. We have c(a+ b) cos - = b(a + c)
. cos -
C
= /j,.2 . . + 112 + 112 2 2
s(s-b) s(s-c)
s(s-a) -- s(s c)
=-- +-- � c(a+b)x�= b(a+c)x�
11
+
11 11 a�
s (s: b) = c)
=-(s-a+s-b +s-c ) � c(a+b)x� b(a+c)xls
11 �
s -b (s-c)
=-(3s-(a+b.+c))
11 � (a+ b) 2x (s ) = b 2 (a+ c) 2x
2

C
c
b
s
= (3s-2s) � c{a + b)2 x (s - b) = b(a + c)2 x (s- c)
11 � c(a + b)2x (s-b) = b(a + c) x (s-c)
2

c(a + b) x (a+ c + b) = b(a + c) x (a+ b-c)

=s
2 � 2 2

(a+c-b) _ (a+b-c)
2 -
�
b(a + c) c (a + b)
2

-
�s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) 1 1 = 1 1
� -
s s(s-a)
b(a+c) (a+c ) c(a+b) (a+ b)
2 2

=-- x
(s-a) (s-b)(s-c) �
1 1 = 1
-
1
b(a+c) c(a+b) (a+c)2 (a+ b) 2
=-2s s(s-a)
--x
(2s-2a) (s-b)(s-c) ac+ c 2 -cab-b 2 . (a+b)2-{a+c)2
�
bc(a + b)(a + c) (a+ c) 2 (a + b) 2
= (a+b+c) A
xcot( )
(b+c-a) 2 a(c-b) + (c2-b2) 2a(b-c) + (b 2 - c2)
------=------
�
A be (a4c)(a+b)
B cot-
51 . G.tven, cot-, cot-, C are m
. AP
2 2 2 (c-b)(a+b+c) (b-c)(2a+b+c)
be
�
(a +c)(a+b)
� 2 cot( 1)=cot(1)+cot ( �)
�
(a b+c) (2a+b + c)
(c-b)( + + . .
)=o
s(s-b) be (a. + c)(a+b)
� 2
(s-a)(s-c) (c-b)=O
) :;t: o)
�

= s(s-a) + 1---'------'
s(s-c)- ·: (a+b+c) (2a+b+c)
( ( be +
(s-a)(s-b) (a+c)(a+b)
I--'---'-
(s - b)(S - C) • ·
(s-b) � b=c
� 2 � 11 is isosceles
(s-a)(s-c)
1-----'--

(s-a)
= ,----+
(s-c) 55. MBC=_!_x.fi. x.J3=
2
·· \/ s.u.
2 Ii_
(s-b)(s-c)_ (s-a)(s� b)
56. Wehave
(s-b)2 sin A sin B
� 2 a -b
2 2

(s-b)(s-a)(s-c)
--x---
2 sin(A-B)
(s - a) 2
k2 (sin 2 A-sin 2 B) ----
sin A· sin B
= =----- x
(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) 2 sin,(A-B)
(s - c) k2xsin (A +B)xsin (A-B) ---- sin A· sin B
2
+ =---"---'---"--� x
(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) 2 sin (A-B)
� 2(s-b)=(s-a)+(s-c) 2
= k xsin (A+B) x sin A · sin B
� 2(s-b)=(2s-a-c) 2
� 2b=a+c
k xsin (1C-C)xsin A · sin B
2
� a, b, ce AP
2

14
 Solution of Triangle

Dividing (ii)by (i), we get

k!_x_sin C-xf Xi
=-----'-:...---'=- c�t{1)+cot(¾}+cot(fy
2 -· s2
=.!. x ab sin C
1cot(A)+cot(B)+cot(C) 4(a2+ b2+c2)
2
=A cot(1)+�ot( �)+ cot( f) (a+b+c) 2
.· a b · C cot(A)+cot (B)+cot (C) (a 2+b 2+c 2 )
57. As we know that, -- =-- =--
�
. sin A sin B sin C
59. Let a, b, and c are the sides of a triangle an� s be the
(-./3+1) --=--
� -'---'- b C semi perimeter.
. sin (105 ) sin 45 sm 300
° ° Letthe four quantities are s, (s-a), (s..,. b) and (s-c)
Applying,AM� GM, we get
(-./3 + 1) , b - C .
--- -..-. =--=-- s+��aj+�-�+�-rj
·cos (15 °) sin 45 ° sin 30° �
4
(-./3+1) b � �s(s-a)(s-b,)(s-c)
= = '.
c·
. Jj+1 -1 1
�
4s-(a+b+c)
·,;;:: •. .Ji
/. : 2. . �(Af .
4
�
4"14.\
� · . 2Ji-= b-J2. = 2c
4s-2s �(A)½
4
�
�· ·'b:; 2 and c==Ji
Hence, the area' of the triangle is = ½be sin A .:!.�(A)½
2
�

=.!. x 2xv'zx sin (105 °) · ·

. 2 . . A<-
s2
4
�
1 1 60'. LeJAD= a,BE= /JandCF=
. =--X . ;2·· X-vi.
�2 X--
-./3 + r
2 . 2../2 1· ' . ' ..
. =l ·1 ·
Then, A -xaxAD=-xbxBE=-xcx CF
2 · 2 .· 2 .
. . ·(J3+1)
.•. ·_. s.u.
2 2i 2a cF/=ia
fi,

� AD = ,BE = ,
58. We ba'.ve · a - b . I C ·
cotA+ cotB+cotC 2 /l. 2A
• ', .� e. \ , ' 1

� a = -,P = -
2A •
,r=---rr:- ..
cos cos B cos C
4
=--+--,.'-+--. . . a _ b.
.si»-A : ..-sin B . sin C: ·
C . . ..
· . 1 1 1
b 2 +e""-a 2 c 2 +a 2-b 2 ,a 2+b 2 - c 2 Nqw,2+2+2
,, ,. .',

a ·P• r
= 2bc + 2ac + .2ab a b2 c2 ·
ak bk ,. ck =- + - + -
2

4/l. 2 4�2 4� 2
=----+ . . - --
�+?-� ?+�-� �+�-?
+ .-'-· (a 2 2 2
2abck ' 2,ab� · 2abfk · · - +b +c )
-

a +b +c
4A2
2 2 2
=--�-
2abck 1 (a 2+b 2 +c 2 )
=- X
A 4A
- (a +b +c )
- 1
2 2 2

= x(cotA+cotB+cotC)
4x_(½ab)xsinC A
(cotA+cotB+cotC)
(a2+b2+c2) ...(i)
=
•' .

= A
Hence, the result. I
- 4XA

Also, cot( )+cot

. 2
A
+cot
2 · · 2
(B) (_c) 6 1 . LetAD=p 1,BE=p�andCFd:p3
1 1 · 1 ;:.
Then, A= xa X JJi = 2Xb X P2 = 2Xc X p3
(a+b+c) ·• A 2
...;..__ ___;;_ x cot(-)
(b+c�a) · 2 2A 2A 2A
� Pi = -;;, P2 = ,;, P3 = �
...(ii) I
s2
=-
15
\
 Solution of Triangle

Now, From sine rule of a triangle,

1 1 a 1b sinP smQ -- smR
-+---=-+--
C
. - --=-- =
Pi P2 P3 2A 2.1. 2A p q r
(a+b-c) Given sm P,sm Q, sm R are m AP
=--� => p, q, re AP
2A
(a+b+c-2c) 2A 2A 2A
=> ' ' eAP
2A Pi P2 P3
(2s-2c)
=-'------....;.. 65. In M.BC, A=_!..xac sm (LB)
2A.. 2
(s-c)
=> (6+2.f3")=.!..x2(.f3"+1)xcx
· �
2abxs(s-c) . 1·- 2 v2
=---'-----'-X-·
Axs 2ab F2(6+2.f3")
=> =
2ab s(s-c) C (.[3°+1)
=--x--
AXs 2ab 2.f3"F2(.f3" + 1)
=> C=---'----....;..
2ab _ . xc s2 C (.f3"+1)
= o ( )
(a+b+c)A 2
=> c=2-.J6
62. Wehave
a2 +c2-b2
(a-b)2 + (b-c)2 + (c-d)2'?. 0 Now, cos B=----
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2) '?. 2(ab+be+ ca) 2ac
=> 3(a2 + b2 + c2) '?. (a2 + b2 + c2) + (2ab+be+ ca) 1 4(.[3°+1)2+24-b2
=> =
=> 3(a2 + b2 + c2) >(a+ b + cf> d2 F2 2.2(,[3° + 1) · 2-./6
3(a2 + b2+c2 ) => 4(.[3°+1)2+24-b2=8.f3"(.[3° +1)
=> 2 >1
d
=> 4(4 + 2.[3°)+24-b2=8(3 + .[3°)
2
(a 2 +b2 +c- ) 1 => b2=16
=> --- >-
d 2
3 => b = 4
. . . . (a2 + b2 + C2 ) •. 1
Thus, the- m1mmum val.ue o f· · · 2· ·-· 1s - 66. Let LB = 30°, LC = 45°
d 3 So, LA=180° - (30° + 45 °) =105 °
63. Wehave From sme formula, we can write
. 3 a b C
cosA+cosB+cosC= -
2 ---=---
1) 1)
0 °
Sill (10? ) sin (30 ) sin (45 ° )
=> l+4 sm ( sm( sm ( �) =% (.f3"+1) b C
-=-
. (A) sm. (B). sm. (C)= 1 .[3°+1 1 1
( ) 2
=> sm 2F2
2 2 2 8 2F2=2b=cF2
It is possible only when
½,
sin (;)= sin ( �)= sin ( �)= ½, ½ b=F2,c=2
Thus, area of triangle ABC 1s
=_!_ be sin A
=> 2
1r 1r 1r =.!..X 2X FiX sin (105° )
=> A=- B=- C=- 2

�J/)
3' 3' 3
=> A is an equilateral. =½x2xF2x(
64. -Here,
1 1
A=-XpXPt=-XqX�=-xrx�
2 2
1•
2 = ( ,[3"/ 1 )s.u.
2A 2A 2.1
=> p=-,q=-,r=- 67. Suppose, AC = 2, AB = 5, BC = x, CD = y and LBAD=
Pi P2 P3 60°

16
 Solution of Triangle

68. Since AD is the median, so BD : DC = 1 : 1

X A

B D C
I Clearly, LADC = 90 ° + B.
Area of AABC =-·5· 2· sin (60°)
2 .. Now, applying m : n rule, we get,
(1 + 1) cot(9 0 ° + B) = 1 · cot(90°)- 1 · cot(A- 90°)
= 5./3 => -2 tanB=0-(-tanA)
2
Also, from MBC, => -2 tan B == tan A
=> tanA+2tanB=O
+ 4-BD2
cos (600) = 25 Hence, the result.
2·5·2
1 1 1
29-BD2
=> -,-,-· eAP
Pi P2 P3
20 => P l 'P2,P3 E HP
29-BD2 1 Thus, the altitudes are in HP
=> 69.
20 2
A
=> BIY = 19
=> BD=-JI9
Since A, B, C, Dare concyclic, so
LBCD = 18 0°-60° = 120°
Then, from ABCD,
x2 + y ,,/19) 2
cos (120°) = C D B
2;;
By m : n rule, we get
x2+ y2-(,,/19)2 I ( 1 + 1 )cot 0= 1 · cot C- 1 · cot B
=>
2xy 2 => 2 cot 0 = cot C-.cot B
a 2 +b2 -c 2 a 2 +c 2 -b 2
-
2
y2-(ffe)2
x +---- => 2cot0
=-1 2absin C 2ab sin B
xy � 2 +b2 -c a 2 + c2 -b2
2
=> x2 +y2+xy=l9 ...(i) 2cot 0 =
Again, area of ABCD 4A 4A
1 .[3 --.
.[3 2(b 2 -c 2)
=-·x·y·- - xy => 2cot0=
2 2 4 4A
Thus, area of quad. ABCD = 4./3 (b2 -c2 )
=> cot0=
4A
=> 5./3 + ./3 xy =4.(3 Hence, the result.
2 4 70. Clearly, the triangle is right angled.
�+ xy =4 ( ·: 182 + 242 = 302)
2 4 Thus, the area of the triangle
1
xy =4-�=� =-X 24X 18 =12X 18·
4 2 2 2
xy=6 Therefore, the circum-radius
From (i), we get
=R
abc
x2 +y2=13 =
4A
=> x = 3,.y = 2
18 x24x30
=l
4x12x18 5
17
 Solution of Triangle

71. As we know that , 76. Wehave

a = sin A sin B sin C
-· 2R --+--+--
sin A a b C
2 sin A sin B sin C
=>. 2R = Jj =---+--- +---
sin (60° ) 2R sin A 2R sin B 2R sin C
1 1 1
=> R= Jj =2 =-+-+-
2R 2R 2R
Jj
2 = 3
Hence, the circum-radius is 2. 2R
72. Let a= 3, b = 4 and c = 5 77. Let AD= p l 'BE=p2 and CF=p3 •
Clearly, it is a right angled triangle Then,
1 1 1 1
Thus, L\ =-x4 x 3=6 sq.u L\ =- X a X Pi=- X b X p2 =- X C X p3
2 2 2 2
Hence, the circum-radius R
abc 2L\ 2L\ 2L\
= => P1= -, pz = -,p3 = -
4.!\ a b C

3x4x5 Now,
= 1 1 I a+b+c
6 -+-+-=---
=10 A P2 P3 2L\
2R(sin A+sin B +sinC)
=--------
73. Wehave
8R2 = a2+b2+c2 8R2 = (2R sinA)2+(2R sin B)2 2A
+ (2R sin C)2 3R
$ ( ·: sin A � 1, sin B $ 1, sin C $ 1)
=> sin A +sin B + sin C = 2
2 2 2
L\
=> 1 -cos2 A+1 -cos2 B +sin2 C = 2
1 1 1
=> . cos2 A - sin2 C+cos2 B = 0 78. Here, L\ = -aPt = -bp2 = -cp3
=> cos (A +C) cos (A - C)+cos2 B - 0 2 2 2
=> cos (1r-B).cos (A - C) + cos2B = Q 2A 2.!\ 2.!\
=> cos B cos (A - C) -cos2 B = 0 => Pt = -,
a
p2 = - ,p3 = -
b C
=> cos B (cos (A - C) -cos B) = 0
=> cos B(cos (A - C)+cos (A+ C)) "'0 Now,
=> cosB·2cosAcosC=O 1 1 1 a+b+c
-+-+-=---
=> cos A = 0, cos B = 0, cos C = 0 P1 P2 P3 2L\
1r Ir 1r 2s
=> A = -or B = -orC=- =
2 2 2 2.!\
Thus, the triangle is right angled. s
=
74. Wehave a cos A + b cos B + c cos C L\
= 2R(sinA·cos A+ sinB ·cos B + sin C·cos C) 1
=
2 r
= R [2 sin A·cos A+ 2 sin B ·cos B
2 + 2 sin C cos C] 79. Wehave
= R(sin 2A +sin 2B +sin 2C) cos A cos B cos C
= R(4 sin A ·sin B ·sin C) --+--+--
P1 P2 P3
= 4R sin A ·sin B ·sin C
1
= -(a cos A.+bcos B +ccosC)
75. Wehave
2.!\
L\ = .!. X a X b X sin C 1
2 = [2R sin A cos A+ 2R sin B cos B
2L\
=> L\ =_!_ X 2R sin A x 2R sin B xsin C +2R sin C cos C]
2
=> L\ = 2R2 • sin A · sin B·sin C

18
 Solution of Triangle

2&1· 2/l.c 2/l.a

= -A
,, " -<sm-2A +sni2B+." sin 2C) .. =-· +-+-
� . be

!:.)e·
ac ab

= ..!_( 4 sin A sip B sin C)

2/l. ,,
= 2�(.!!._
a
+
c
-=-
ab
+
b
2R . . ' :. \
=-(sm A sm B sm. C) =
2A(b + c 2 2
+a ) 2

fl. ; ' abc

= � x(;)x(!Jx(si110'' ( a +b2 + c 2 +) 2
=
2R
1
= - -(.!.. ab sin
M 2 ··
c) 83. Given, 0 is the circtuncenire of'MBC
A,
1
=-xll..

= ·-
R
80� Wehave
cosC cosC
=-=======
�4R - c 2 2
�4R - 4R2sin2C
2

oosC '· :·
B a
. .

_, �4R (1-sin �)
2 2 Let, ar(MOC) = 4 1 , ar(MOC) = �·
and.ar(MOB) .= L\ respectively
- cosC 1 --·
. 2R cos.C\ · 2R
'. ·, �·� ' . .

' · < .., ·

t
� ' '.
� :

Now: R=
OB·OC·a --
aR 2
__ 81. Wehave , i 4(MOC) : ll.1 .
1
fl.= XPtXa . ....
a '4'4'' I ',,·,
2 �L�.
�:l.,
2/l.
' (.
Pt=-· b ·.:;;.A. A2 ,; c C':,;.., 4A3
S.mu·1ar1y·, ,------
a ; . R2 ·R2·")R3 :_; R�
Similarly, ., t
·:t
',j

�4 , ,_ 7/l. Now :.f..+.:fL +

P· 2 -- b . .Pt,:·...-·C
,t'f' 'R1 R2 R3
Now, 4
= (ll.1 +�2 �fl.�)
•. · 843 R2
Pi!'l'3 ::::--:... ', 4/l. ·
. abc =-·
R2
1
s(�r - , ,,:
4 , a/x:
ii>(.
4.R =r: R.3_t,
'ilbc
abc

· a 2b2c2 a sec A+ bsec '.8 4· c sec t'· 2

.. --------=
=SJT tan A tan B tan C
82. Wehave 84. Wehave
I a sec A+bsec B+csec C
4=-XPtXa
:2,,2/l._. tan A tanB tan C
Pt=­ 2R sin A sec A +2Rsin Bsec/J + 2R sin C secC
a = ______________,__..._______
tan.A tan B tan C
. . :
>
> · · 2.1 2.1
Snntlar�. P2= b' P3 = 7 2R tap.At. 2R G1D B + 2R tan C.
tan A tan B tan C
bPt
Now + cp2 + aP3 2R(tan A+ tan 11+ tan C)
a b
tan A pm.B tan C
' C

19
 Solution of Triangle

2R (tan A· tan B · tanC) =r=­

=
tan A tan B tan C s
=2R
85. We have = 2 = Jj
a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 3 + ,J3 (,J3 + 3)
= 2R(sin A cos A + sin B · cos B + sin C · cos C)
2
1 (,J3 -1)
= R(2 sin A cos A + 2 sin B · cos B + 2 sin C · cos C =--==---
(,J3 +1) 2
= R(sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2()

= R(4 sin A· sin B · sin C)

90. Wehave
abc
= 4(R sin A · sin B · sin C) R 4fl a x- a3 -
s -- 3a
- ---- x
3

4+6+8 r fl 4fl fl 4fl 2A

86. Here, s= --- 9
2 s
Area of a triangle 3a4 1
8 A2
=-X-
= �s(s -a)(s -b)(s- �)
3a4 1 . �a4 16
= �9(9 -4)(9 -6)(9 -8) =-.-.. X-·- =-----:X-= 2
8 3a4 8 3a4
= �9 >< 5 x3 xl = 3.)15 16
Hence, the in-radius 91. Wehave
1 1 1 a+b+c
fl 3 II
= r = = .)15 = ab be ca abc
-+-+-=---
s 9 fj 2s
87. Clearly, it is a right angled triangle =-
4AR
.!.
So, its area = x18x24 =9 x 24 A
2
=-r-
18+24+30 72 2AR
and s= = =36
2 2 =-
fl 9 X 24 2rR
, d'ms = r=-=--= 6
Thus,m-ra 92. Wehave
88. Do yourself. s 36 cos A+ cosB +cos C
89. Two sides of a triangle are 2 and ,J3 and the included
= 2 cos( A; B)cos(A; B) + cos C
angle is 30 °, then prove that its in-radius is .!.(,J3 -1) .
89. We have area of the triangle 2
=2cos(; � �)cos( A; )+cosC
B

= fl = .!. X 2 X Jj X sin(30° )
2
= 2 sin{ �)cos( A; B) +cos C
=
2
Also, a2 = b2 + c2 - 2b cos A = 2 sin( �)cos( A ; ) +1-2 sin 2
B
( �)
a 2= 4 +3-2x2 x ,J3 x cos(30° ) A
= 1 +2 sin ( �) (cos( ; B )-sin (
� x-.
Jj �))
a2=7-2x2x"3
2
= t + 2 sin(�)(cos( A ; )-cos( A; B
a2 = 7-6 = 1
B

))
=1+2 sin(�)(2 sin( 1)sin( �))
a= l
a+b+c 1+2+v'3 3+,J3
Now' s= =
2 2 2
Hence, in-radius =1+4 sin(;)sin( in
�)s (�)

= (1 +
;)
20
 Solution of Triangle

93. Wehave, _ . '

(B-C) . · (A).··
=2Rx2cos - - xsin ,
. sinA;;in B +sin C= !!.._ +.!!_ +� 2 2
2R2R2R B; c )
=2Rx2cos ( B; )xcos(
C
·a+b+c
2R
=2R x(cos (B) + cos (C))
=-
2s
2R Thus,LHS.
s 4R(cosA +cos·B +cos C)
=
=
R = 4 R(l+ ;)
.:
4(R+r),
=

97. Wehave
-c-= c' -�
=- R=
rR 2sin C 2sin (90 ) 2
°

94. Wehave c =2R

a cot + b cot B +c cot C
A

. . .'
Also, r=(s- c)t!tµ . (C2 )·,
=[.2· R. . Slll A X. -
cosk-· +2R. 'Slll
cosB
B X -- , .
sin A , sin B
. r = (s-c) tan (45 ° ) = (s-c)
2r = (2s-2c)=(a-:+b +c�2c)
. · cos C
+2RsmCX·- -J 2r = (a+b-c)
. sine
. 2r::; (a +b-2R)
= 2R(cos + cos B +cos C) 2(R + r) = (a+ b)
98. Wehave
A

= 2R(l+ ;) z.ll+...cos�
2C.
cos2 - +.cos�
A

=2(R+r) 2 2 2
95. We have r1 = R = ½( co,'(i)
2 +2 cosf�) +2�i (-�))
· . .
4R sin (1)cos(�)cos( �)=R 1 .. .. .. " I
=-(1 + cos (AJ+l+cos B +1 +cos C)
2 . . . , . '
2sin(1){2 CO$( �)cos
( �J} =
�
I . .
.
.
= (3 +cos (A)+cos B +cos C)
2
,, ' , ' '

2sin(1){cos( ;
B
c}+ cos( B,; c)}=1 ··. ., �½(3+{1: ;))

2cos( ; ){cos( ; C) +cos(

B C B
T)} =1 =
2
.!.(--t+!..)
R.
'2cos ( B; )+{2cos( f!; )cos(�)}=l =(2+ ;)
2 C C

( 1 +cos (B + C)) = cos (B)+cos (C) = 1 99. Let O is the circum-centre and OD = x, OE = y, OF = z
cos (B) +cos (C) = -cos (B + C) = cos A respect ively.
Hence, the result. Also, O = R = OB = OC
A

96. Wehave Wehave x = OD = R cos A

=--
a.. --
· (b+c)tan(1) cosA=--
a
2sinA 2tanA
=2R
... (sin B + sin C) tan (A) tan
2 . =�,,
2x
A

=2R X 2sm ( ) cos (- -) X tan ( )

, . B+ C B-<E .
Similarlv
,,, 'tan B=!!_and tan C=--=--
A

� 2 . 2 .
2y 2z
As we know that, in a AABC,
=2Rx2cos(i)cos( ¥)l cos'm�!j- tan +tanB/+tanC = tan · tanB · tan C
A

I
A

2 21
 Solution of Triangle

a b c a b c DC b
=> -+-+---·-·- => - +1 = -+1
2.x 2y 2z 2x 2y 2z BD C

a b c --- a·b·c BC b+c

=> - +-+- = => -=--
x y z 4-x·y·z. BD C

100. We have
=> BD = �
OB·OC·BC R·R·a R 2 -a b+c
---------
R1 - - -
AD.
4AOBC
a _ 4A1
4A1 4A1
InAABD,
.
BD
A
)=-
smB
=> - sm ( -
R1 R2
4 4 sinB
AD = BD
Similarly .!?_ = Az
' R2 R 2
. and _!!,_ = A23
R3 R
=>
sin( i)
Thus,
a b c 4A 1 +-
-+-+- =-
R1 R 2 R3 R 2
4A2 +-
R 2
4A 3
R2
-
acsinB

(b + c)sin (
i) 2A
(b + c) sin (A/2)

_ 4(A1 + A2 + A3 )
- 2A
R2 . ·1ar1y,
s1m1 =
BE
4A (c + a). .sin �
·
( )
=R 2A
2
and CF = - ----
4A
(a+b)sin(
= R2 �)
101. Let AD = p 1 , BE = p2 and CF = p3 10 3. Now2s = a+b+c = 18+24+30 = 72
=> 2s = 72
1 1 1 => s = 36
Then, A = -aPt = -bp2 = -cp3
2 2 2
We have A = �s(s-a)(s-b)(s � c)
2A 2A 2A
=> Pt=-,pz = - ,p3 = - �36(36-18)(36-24)(36- 30)
b
=
a C

2A 2A 2A �36x 18x 12 x 6
We have Pi . p2 • p3 = -
=

.-.-
a b C = �36 X 9 X 12 X 12
8A3 · = 6X 3 X 12
abc =;= 216
A 216 216
= 8(�J Thus, ri=--=-- = - = 12
s-a 36-18 18
abc � = 216 216 = l8
102. rz =
s-b 36-24 12
=

A
216 216
and r3 = � = = 36

s-c 36- 30 6
1 1 1 s-a s-b s-c
104. -+-+- --+--+--
r1 r2 r3 A A A
=

_ 3s-(a+ b + c)
A
= 3s-2s
Since IA is the internal angle bisector of LA, so we can A
write =-
AB BD
-=-
AC DC =1
BD AB r
=> -=-=
C

DC AC b

22
 Solution of Triangle

b-c c-a a-b-- 108. Wehave

+r r
,A}
105. ----+�+------- r +r

1i. r2 r3 1 2
� : fl . {
={ + }+ -
(b-c)(s-a)
(c-a)(s=b) (a-b)(s-c) �-a) (s-h) { (s,---c) -;
-
----+...;._-'-''-�+-'---'-''-�
flfl fl
fl(s-b+s-a)
{i(s-s-+�)}
1

1
=-[s(b-c+c-a
.·'. ={ }+
· +a-b)] _ (s-a)(s-b) _ - s(s-c)
A ) 0

1 ': . ' · - �(�"-b-a) ·.·· · A(ct}· ·

-:- (ab-ac+bc-ab+ea-bc) { } {
fl - = (s-a)(s-b) + -s(;:...c) .
=0-0 ={fl(a+· b+c-b-a)}+{· fl(c) }
_ _
b) . ,_ s(s-c)
-;
=0 _ (f-a)(s
s-c
106 . Given,--=--
b-e ={ '4(c) }.-,+,. {. ,A(c)·-}
s-a a-b (s-a)(s-b) �(s-e)
..2s"'-2C b-c =a(c){·
·· - · {s-a)(s;.:...b)
1 - t 1 }
�, '.2s·:.,2a � }i-,b' ,_ � i-is(s-c)
r� ·
a+b-.c b-e =A(t){s(s-c)\+,5s-a)(s-b)}
b+c-a a-b -­ st$-a)(s-b)(s-c)
a+b-c b+d:.r.ki· =fl(c) {s2- cs +!�·=(a+ b)s + ab}
b-c a-b : ·· ,'. fl2
a c =- ex -{2s - -(a+b+
2
c_ )s+ab}
--+ 1 =-.' -•-:1·'. · _
b-c. · a-b' · fl

- a 2s .:_ is_2'+a-'b}'c_
2
-+--=2
C
. =c� {----
a-b b-c fl . _i
=
··,\>._�

abc
!

= 4R
fl

b.c-c_2+ �---a�=i,
i. -- _ 109. t2 + r2 + l,
r r r

2
3

(a-b)(b,...c) : -- _ fl fl . ,,�
= -- . -,:...-...,. +--- --
� · be-cP + ai_}_ �If-= 2(�b � at-b2+be) (s-a) (s-b) (s-b)
·'
� 2b2 - b-c2 + a2 - Jab .+2aa = 0
fl a fl
107. Wehave . --+ �. --
(1·-�)(1,� �}=2 s- c (
( _ f· � )-c (s- a)

= fl 2�(s__-::- Ct- ;l:rQ + S -b)

(s- a)(s,..,b)(s-c)
(1-<=!)(1-;=:J==2 _t

= fl (3s-(a+b,t,-c))
2

s-a0"-s+b . s-:-a-s±c = (s-a)(s-b)(s-c)

( )( ) 2
s-a
fl (3s -- 2s)
s-a 2

a-b a-c =
=---'---�-
( )( ) 2 (s-a)(s -b)(s-c)
s-a s-a
(a-b)(a-e)= . =-----'------
2 (s - a)(s,,.. �)(�':- �)
(s-a)
2
(a-b)(a-e) = 2(s-a)2 fl 2 xl
2(a-b)(a-c) = 4(s-a)2 = (2s-Ui.)2
=-;...;-..i;...........,..',__
s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
2(a-b)(a-c)=(b-+c-a)2
2(a2-ab-ac + be)
fl 2 xs 2
=a2 + b2 +c2 + 2bc-2ab-2ac fl2
2+
a b2=c2 =s
Thus, the MBC is a right angled. 2

23
 Solution of Triangle

110. r1 + r2 - r3 + r
::::; (r1 + r2) - (r3 - r) 2
s�bc�a + s�c)= · s�a. s�c
= + -
((s�a) (s�b) ) ((s�c) -!) 1 s-c+s-a
=
2
s-b ((s-a)(s-c)) (s-a)(s-c)
=A - - (2s-a-c) =2(s-b)
{((s�a) + (s�b) ) ((s�c) �)} a+c = 2b
s ) => a,b,ce AP
=A{( %�:;:�:;)-( ;;��; )} 112. Since a,b,care in AP as well as in GP, so a =b =c
A
- b Now, 1j=--=r2= r3
-A{( ��� a��/_ �n L(s � c))} s-a

=A{(
((a+b+c)-(a+b)) c Thus, (1 - r2 + 1o)
)-( } r2 r3
(s-a)(s-b) s(s-c) )
=1-1+10=10
1 113. We have
= c -
A {((s-a)(s-b) s(s�c))} 1 . 1 1 1
-+-+-+-
- - - 1j2 rf rl r2
= Ac{(s(s :) a� � ��; b) )}
( � (
(s-a)2 (s ..: b)2 (s-c)
+ -s 2
-cs-(s2-(a +b)s +ab)
= ...;__---'--- + -'------'---
2 2

A A 2 A
+ ...;__---'--
A
=Ac{(s
2

s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) ))
2 2

1
= 2[4s2-2(a + b + c)s + (a2 + b2 + c2)]
A
=-X ((a +b-c)s-ab) 1
A
C

=-[4s2 -2-2s·s+(a +b +c2 )]

2 2
A2
=-x((a +b-c)2s-2ab) 1
C

2A =-[ 4 2 4s2+(a2 +b2 +c2)]

2 s -
A
= x((a+b-c)(a+b+c)-2ab)
2A (a 2 +b 2 +c2 ).
C

-
= : x((a+b)2-c2-2ab) A2
2 114. We have
=� x(a 2 + b2 - c2) (r1 - r)(r2 - r)(r3-r)
2A
= 2abc a2 +b2-c2 -
((s�a) ! )((s�b) ! )((s�c) !)
x( )
2A 2ab
abc - 3
=�xcos(C) A ((s�a) :)((s�b) :)((s�c) :)
= 4R cos (C) -A
111. Given, rl' r2 , r3 are in HP 3 ( :; �:; )( :; �:; )( :;�:;)
21jr3 A3 abc
=> r2= -- = (
1i + r3 ; s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c ) )

2-�-� = A abc
3

--= s-a s-c s2 ( A )

2

s-b --+­
A A Axabc
s-a s-c
1
2 ._ ___1_
l = s-a s-c
s-b --+­
1 1 4r 2 R
s-a s-c
=

24
 Solution of Triangle

115. Wehave
-J3 = tan 15°
A =
'i = -- ·A- = 2
l,r2=--· a/2
( )
s-a s-b
A 2../3 =(2-../3)
and r3 = -­
2../3
s-c
s-a = A' s-b=-
A
=> a=
2 (2-../3)
A
and s-c= a 2../3 1 2
Now b=-=--�x-=---
-
r3 ' ../3 (2-../3) ../3 (2-../3)
=> c= A(1 + ½),a=A Thus,the required area
(½ �}
+

= .!.2 x ab x sin (30° )

h=A
(
�)
l+

=-X
1 2../3. X 2· 1
X-
Since triangle is right angled, so 2 (2-../3) (2-../3) 2
a2 +b2= c2 = ._fj X (2 + ../3)2

2 I = A (r3 2 )
2 r3+l 2 = ._fj X (7 + 4../3)
2 2 2
=> A ( ) \ +A ( )
2 4(r3) r3 = (12 + 7../3) sq. u.
( r +1 118. Given,r = r1-r2-r3
r3 2y +( 3 )
2 2
=> (I2 )
+

4(r3 ) r3 => r1 - r = r2 + r3
=

=> A A A
9rl = (r3 + 2) + 4(r3 + 1) 2 => ---- = -- + --
2

s-a s s-b s-c

=> 4rl-12r3-8 = 0
-1 ---1 = -- 1
+ --
=> rl-3r3- 2=0 s-a s s-b s-c
3±-Jn = 3 + -J0 =>
(s-a-s) (s-c+s-b)
=> r3=
2 2
(s-a) (s-b)(s-c)
as r3 is positive. => --
a a
116. Let a, b be the sides of a triangle. (s-a) (s-b)(s-c)
Then a +b = 5 and ab = 3 (s-b)(s-c) = l
=>
(s-a)
Now, cos C=----
a 2 +b 2-c 2
2ab => tan 2 (i)�1
19 c2
=> cos(;) = �
=> tan(1}=1
19-c
-1=,, --
2
=>
2 6 => tan ( 1)=tan ( :)
=> 19-c2 = 3
=> c= 4 => rc
2
A=
A abc
Thus, r·R=-x- Thus,the triangle is right angled.
s 4A 119. Wehaver· r1 • r2 • r3
abc abc 3.4 12 2 A A A A
=-·--·--'---
4s 2(a+ b+c) 2(5+4) 18 3
=-= =-=-
s (s-a) (s-b) (s-c)
a b A4
117. By sine rule, =------
sin (120 ° ) sin (30° ) s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)

= A4
a = b
=>
../3/2 1/2 A2
=> a=b../3 =A 2
Also, from the above figure, r = ../3
25
 Solution of Triangle

120. Wehave 123. We have

A A (r1 + r2 + r3 - r) 2
r,+t, --+--
=1j2 +r22 +r32 +r2-2r(1j_+r2 +r3 )
. ! 2
= s-a s-b
1+cosC
C +2(r { 2 + r2r3 + r3r1 )
2cos2 (. -)
2 Now, (r1 + r2 + r3 - r) = 4R
A(s-a+s-b) (r l 2 + r[3 + r3r,) = s 2
= (s-a)(s-b) and 2r(r1 + r2 + r)
2cos2 ( �) A A A A)
=2 ( +
x-; (s-a) (s-a) + (s-a)
=------'---'-----
A(2s-a-b)
A2 (
1 1 1
s(s-c) =2 )
(s-a)(s-b)x2x x-;- (s-a) + (s-b) + (s-c)
ab
=-�---- Axabc A 2 (s-b)(s-c) + (s-a)(s-c) + (s-a)(s-b)
=2 x ( )
s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) s (s�a)(s-b)(s-c)
Axabc abc
=- - - 3s2-2(a + b + c)s + ( ab + be + ca)
A2 A = 2xA 2 ( )
s(s-a)(s-b) (s-c)
Similarly, we can easily proved that,
2
2 b+bc+ ca)
(r2+ r3 ) = abc and (r3+ 1j_) = abc = 2 xA 2 (3s - -2s·s:? )
l+cosA A l+cosB A
(r2+ r3) abc and (r3 + 1j) abc = 2 x ((ab+ be+ ca) - s2)
Thus, = = Thus, (r(+ rf+ rl+ r 2 )
1 + cos A A 1+cos B A
= (r 1 + r2 + r3 - r)2 + 2r(r1 + r2 + r2)
121. Wehave
-2(rt 2 + r2r 3 + r3r)
= 16R + 2(ab + be + ca-s2) - 2s 2
2

= 16R2 + 2(ab +be+ ca)-(2s)2

1 = 16R2 +2(ab+ be+ ca)-(«,..: b + c)2
=-(s-s + a)(s-s +b)(s-s + c)
A3 = 16R2 -(a2 +b2 +c2)
1 Hence, the result.
=-3 xabc 124. In a triangle AA.BC, prove that
A
abc s2 · ; (r1 + r2 )(r2+ r3)(r3 + 1j )
=16 x x 2 4R
4A A (2s)2 (1jr2 + rzr3 + r31j)
16R 125.
=--:---
2
-
r ( a+b+ c) 2
122. Wehave

(� + �)(� + �)(� + �)
s�a s-b s .:.. b s-c s- s-a
- (--+-- )(--+-- )(--c+-- )
-
A A A A A A
1
=-xabc Ao
A3
1 Here, OA0 = OA, = OA2 = ... = OA 5 = 1.
= 3 xabc and

(:�) 2,r
L4oOA1 = = LAPA2 = · · · = LA4OAs
6
64R3
- ,r 0,% + OA/-A1A2
(abc)2 Now, cos (-) =
3 20/4J·OA1
1 1 + l-A1 A2
� - =-----"-=-
2 2 · l ·1

26
 Solution of Triangle

- and
=> -1 = 2 AoAi2
2 2
=> A�/=1
=> A�I = 1
(2 ) oAJ+oA/-AoAi
Also, cos ;
2 . OAo. OAi
1 1 + 1-AoAi
=> --= /5
2 2·1·l -
=> --1 = 2-A1Ai
1 2-AoAi
=> --= ----"---=- 4 2_
2 2
=>
Js ... 1 5-/5
A1A22 = 2--- = --
=> AoA2= Ji
. , cos (41r) { 2 2
Agam oAJ+ A -AoAl
o
3= . 2·0Ao·OA4 =>
1 + 1-AoAf
. 2·1·1
2-AoA}

1 2-AoA}
=>
2
=
2 = (s�2ls)x{5+2ls) =�25;5 ={!�ls
=> AoA4 = Ji
Hence, the value of 128. R= � cosec (:),
=> AiA · AoA2 · AoA4 = 1 · Jj . Jj = 3 As we know that, the circum-radius ofn sided regular
126. Let R he the radius of the circle. polygon
Then'AI = 1rR2
= �cosec ( ,r) , where a "" side
(2;)
2 n
and � = n�
\in and n = number of sides
:5 · R2 ... 360° · = 6xcosec(ii)
A=-
2
· ·Slll ( --)
-
2 5
= 6 x cose9 (15°)
5 5R2
=·- R2 sin(72 °) = - x cos(18 °) 6 X 2-fi_
2 2 =
Ji-: 1
A tIR 2,r
2
Now, -1 = - xsec(l8°) = 6-J2(.J3 + 1)
5
A2 -R2cos(18°) 5
2 129. Let the perimeter of the pentagon and the decagon be
!Ox.
127. Then each side of the pentagon is 2x and the decagon is
x.
LetA1 = the area of the pentagon
= 5x2 cot (;)

andA2 = the area of the decagon

=%x2cot(�)

27
 Solution of Triangle

2 cot (36°) . 2 cos{36°) sm (18 °) a2 b2

� =
- cot (18°) sin (36 °) 'cos (18'f 6.fi 5 cot (36°) X
_ 2cos (36° ) sin (18°) Hence the ratio of their perimeters
-2sin (18° ) cos2 (18° ) 5a
2cos (36°) =
= 6b
(1+cos (36°))
5 �).6.fj 5-fi
= - X --.=. =· ==== tan (36° )

- 2(¥) 6 �5). cot (36 ° ) 6

=;::.

132. Let the perimeter of the two polygons are nx and 2nx
- ./5 1
(1+ / ) respectively.
Then each side of the polygons are 2x and x.
2(./5+1) Let A 1 = the area of the polygon of n sides
=
(./5 + 5) = nx2cot (:) .
_ 2(./5 +1)
and A 2 = the area of the decagon
- ./5(./5+1)
2 = �n2cot (!L)
2 2n.
=.rs
130. Wehave ··· 5,i 2 cot ")· 2�ot(,r)
( . n
2 Thus, A1. = . ·. n . = .
R = ; cosec (:) = a cosec (:)
A2 {n 2 cot(;) cot(;)
2
and r = ; cot( :)= a cot(:)
2cos(�}in(fn)
Now,
r + R = a cot (:) + a cosec l :J
-
2sin(!!_) cos2
2n . 2n
(!!_)
2co�(
� )
=
l+cos
(:).
133. Let O be the �entre andA 1A2 .: : An be the regular poly­
gon of n-side�.

131. Let A I be the area of the regular pentagon and A 2 be the Let 0A 1 = OA 2 = ... = OAn = r
area of the regular decagon. and LA pA 2 = LApA 3
Therefore, A 1 = A2 2
�
5 2
: cot ( ;) = !2
6
cot (:)
=···=LA,PA1=-,r .
n
From the triangle OA 1 A 2,
� 5a 2cot(; )=6b2 cot( :) 2 OAf +oA?-AiAi
cos( ,r)=
n 2·0Ai·OA2
� 5a2 cot(36° ) = 6b2 cot(30° )
r2+r2-AA 2
� 5a2cot (36°) = 6.fi b2 = I 2
2·r·r

28
 Solution of Triangle

2 134. Let r be $,e radius. of the in-circle and rI ' r2 and r3 are ·
=> A1 Af=-2r2 -i-r2 cos ( :) the ex-radii of the gjven triangle.
1 1 1
2 Then r:;- ,;- r:;­
=> A1AJ=2r (1-cos ( 2
:))i
v Ai + v�2 +.:v� .
1 1 1
=> Ai.4i=2r2 ·2 sin2 (2:) =
C'""2 + 2 +. C'""2
, 4r . (2tr.)· "'lr'i �nri lr7i ·v
1(�
'•,
a'

= 2
•s in2 • -;· · =
+ � + �)
"' ,, 2n 1 1
=> Ai A2 = 2r· sin (-;;) -x-
-
- Ji r
4:)
-:-� ". , ' \ '.." - ' , , .

Similarly, A1A3 = 2r · sin( 1

=
and
. Ai A.i =2r· 8,in . (6,r)· --;:- .
�nr 2
1
=
JA
1 1 1 .
Given, = Hence, the result.
A
/4 2 / A1 A3· + AiA.i 135. Let the perimeter of the polygon of n sides = nx
1 1 1 Let A 1 = the area of !}l.e polygon of n sides
(2*) . . ·'·(4,r). 2 . (6n)
=>
C

. +
.
2r·Stn -;-··· 2r·S"m ·-;; r· s tn -;;· =nx 2 cot(:)

1 ·. 1 . 1 and A 2 = the area of the circle = m2.

=> +.
sm
. n
( )- . ( ·) . ( )
;
, 2n
sm. --;-. sm
3n
-;;
Now
A2 = ,ex
2
=
tan(,c')
n
1 · 1 1
=> ' A1 nx2 cot(:) :•
sin(:) s�(3:) · �in(2:)
:/4 = tan (n):(n)
. (3n) · {n;).n) · Thus, A2
/ ,

n· n
.· 1 136.
s sm
=> � � � =
3 . 2�
,· .. sm· ( .--:-
n ) sm(
· n·· · ... (.,::::-:-::
-:-; .,. sm · n· )· . ·

2 cos (�}in(;)_ -� __
1
=>
sm
: ·(.� . -
n) sm 3n. - sm . · -.2-
n. .
n. ( ) (
· n
)
..n .

,
=> 2n) sm
2 cos (-;; . -;; . 3n
(Zn) =· sm (-;;)
4
=> sin( :)= sin(3;}

=> sm
. 4n .
(-;;) = sm ( n.--;;·
3n
)

=> ( 4;)=(n- 3:)

=> (7:)=n ,
=�cot(�)
2· 2n
=> n = 1

I
I
29