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Wood Shearwalls-and-Diaphragms PDF
Wood Shearwalls-and-Diaphragms PDF
Shear
Wall and Diaphragm
Design
• Diaphragms
• Shearwalls
Diaphragm Design
Wind Load Distribution to Diaphragm
WIND INTO
DIAPHRAGMS SPAN SHEARWALLS AS
BETWEEN CONCENTRATED
SHEARWALLS LOADS
Stud to Diaphragm
DIAPHRAGM
SHEATHING
FLOOR JOIST
DIAPHRAGM BLOCKING
SHEATHING
Floor/Roof framing
WIND
parallel to walls (add
LOAD
blocking)
Unblocked Diaphragm
Unblocked Diaphragm Capacity
CASE 1 DIAPHRAGM
•Higher Shear Values
•Panels perpendicular
to floor framing for
improved performance
Max Moment
at Mid-Span AWC Design Aid 6
Calculating Diaphragm Forces
Diaphragm Shear:
• Max Shear = Diaphragm
Reaction at Shearwall
• Diaphragm Unit Shear =
Reaction / Length of Diaphragm
= plf
Zone A Zone A
12’ Zone B 48’ 12’
24’
72’
Diaphragm – Bending Member
Tension edge
Compression
edge
Calculating Diaphragm Forces
A
SW1 – 10’ SW2 – 10’
Strut Strut
Chord
W = 200 plf
24’
Strut
Chord
Chord
B
Strut Strut
SW3 – 16’
80’
A
SW1 – 10’ SW2 – 10’
Strut Strut
Chord
W = 200 plf
24’
Strut
Chord
Chord
B
Strut Strut
SW3 – 16’
80’
Shearwall Design
• Conventional
• Force Transfer Around Opening
• Perforated Shearwall
Retail Restaurant – Diaphragm Design
Critical Shearwall at front of building
Check Diaphragm for wind loads on 84’ wall
84’
24’ 5’ 29’ 6’ 8’ 10’
6’
4’ 6’
6’ 34’
6’
6’
3’ 3’
Diaphragm Aspect Ratios
At parapets windward
and leeward pressures
occur on each parapet.
6’ 3’
4’ 6’ 3’
6’ 34’
6’
10’
6’
P
νdiaphragm = 6,325 lb/34’ = 186 plf
νdiaphragm = 15,627 lb/84’ = 186 plf
Diaphragm Capacity: SDPWS Table 4.2C
No code path for checking minimum size opening limit (other than
prescriptive design – IBC 2308.4.4.1 & 2308.7.6.1)
http://cwc.ca/wp-
content/uploads/2013/11/Design-example-of-
designing-for-openings-in-wood-diaphragm.pdf
Small Openings in Diaphragms
• Diaphragms
• Shearwalls
Shearwall Functions
Shear Wall
Construction
Shear Transfer
Detailing
Shear Resistance
Shear Wall Configuration Options
Solid or Segmented
Walls
Useful, If Necessary.
Maximum ASD Capacity of
870 plf (Seismic)
1217 plf (Wind)
WOOD
STUDS
WSP
SHEATHING
HOLD-DOWN
ANCHOR
BOLTS
Racked Shearwall
EDGE NAILING
PROVIDES RACKING
RESISTANCE
Panel Fasteners
Shearwalls
HOLD-DOWNS
Shear Wall Requirements in AWC SDPWS
Holdown
Tension
Compression
Boundary Posts
Anchorage
Shearwall Hold Downs
Bucket Style
Source: strongtie.com
Source: DartDesignInc.com
Shearwall Hold Downs
Straps
Source: strongtie.com
Components of Shear Wall Design
Overturning
3 kips restrained
connection at
bottom of story
1.5k 1.5k
2 kips
1.5k Accumulated tension
from framing
4k 4k
to hardware
1 kip to framing at
4k
10 ft, typ each floor level
7k 7k
7k
20 ft
Discrete Holdown Systems
Components of Shear Wall Design
Collector & Drag
Design
Shear Wall
Construction
Shear Transfer
Detailing
Shear Resistance
Shear Transfer Detailing
Design a complete
load path
Shear Wall
Construction
Shear Transfer
Detailing
Shear Resistance
Collector & Drag (Diaphragm) Design
84’
24’ 5’ 29’ 6’ 8’ 10’
3’
6’ 3’
4’ 6’
6’ 34’
6’ 10’
6’
P
Calculating MWFRS Wind Loads
Calculate wind pressure using Envelope Method (ASCE 7 Chpt 28)
p = qh[(GCpf)-(GCpi)]
qh = 0.00256*0.70*1.0*0.85*1152*1 = 20.14 psf
GCpf (Zones 1 & 4) = 0.4 – (-0.29) = 0.69 (ASCE 7 Fig. 28.4-1)
GCpf (Zones 1E & 4E) = 0.61 – (-0.43) = 1.04 (ASCE 7 Fig. 28.4-1)
GCpi = 0.18 - 0.18 = 0
P1&4 = (20.14 psf)(0.69) = 13.9 psf; 0.6*W = 0.6*13.9 = 8.3 psf walls typ.
P1E&4E = (20.14 psf)(1.04) = 20.9 psf; 0.6*W = 0.6*20.9 = 12.5 psf walls crnr
At parapets windward
and leeward pressures
occur on each parapet.
6’
4’ 3’
6’
3’
6’ 34’
6’
6’ 10’
77.2’ 6.8’
8.3 psf 12.5 psf
Shearwall Aspect Ratios
• Check Aspect Ratios: Assume blocked WSP Shearwall
• 10’/2’ = 5 > 3.5; Inadequate
• 10’/6’ = 1.67 < 3.5; OK
34’
3’
3’
10’
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
10’
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
Conventional Shearwall Capacities
νshearwall = 567 plf
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
Hold-Down Anchor
Conventional Shearwall Overturning
νshearwall = 567 plf
Posts are also required at ends of the wall to resist compression forces
C = T = νh
C = 567 plf*10’ = 5,670 lb
Size post for bearing on wall sole plate
Assume 2x6 wall,
Required post width =
5,670 lb/(565 psi)(5.5 in) = 1.8 in;
Use 2-2x6 post min.
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
Conventional Shearwall Base Anchorage
• νshearwall = 567 plf
• ½” Anchor Bolt capacity for wood bearing = 680 lb*1.6 = 1,088 lb
per NDS Table 11E
• Spacing = 1088 lb/567 plf = 1’-11” o.c. max.
Hold-Downs: Segmented v. Perforated
Segmented Shearwall
Perforated Shearwall
Perforated Shear Wall Method
Fewer hold downs required, shear capacity is reduced
WSP
SHEATHING
HOLD DOWNS
AT END OF
WALL
Uniform uplift at base of wall required – magnitude = shear force – SDPWS 4.3.6.4.2.1
Perforated Shearwall Design
• Check Aspect Ratios: Assume blocked WSP Shearwall
• 10’/2’ = 5 > 3.5; Inadequate
• 10’/6’ = 1.67 < 3.5; OK
Use only full height sheathed sections to resist shear
νshearwall = 6,804 lb/ 12’ = 567 plf
34’
3’
3’
10’
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
Perforated Shearwall Uplift
νshearwall = 567 plf/0.75 = 756 plf, use same magnitude for uniform uplift
at full height segments
One option is to use anchor bolts with large washers to resist uplift in
bearing
If net washer area = 8 in2, can resist (565 psi)(8 in2) = 4,520 lb in uplift
• Max. anchor bolt spacing = 4,520 lb/756 plf = 5’-11” o.c.
• Will also need to check shear loads on anchor bolts for controlling
case
34’
10’
2’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 6’ 2’
Force Transfer Around Opening (FTAO)
FTAO Shearwalls Methodologies
• Shearwall design methodology which accounts for sheathed
portions of wall above and below openings (perforated neglects)
• Openings accounted for by reinforcing edges using strapping or
framing
• SDPWS 4.3.5.2 provides specific requirements
• H/L ratio defined by wall pier
• Min. wall pier width = 2’-0”
• Reduced number of hold downs (only at ends of total wall)
8 feet tall
2 feet wide
8/2 = 4 > 3.5
Not A Shear wall!
Why Use Force Transfer Around Openings?
Shorter Constrained
piers do meet 3.5:1 max
aspect ratio
5 feet tall
2 feet wide
5/2 = 2.5 < 3.5
Can be a Shear Wall!
References for FTAO Design