AKRAMANUJAN.

ORG
2nd JANUARY 2020
BLOG237
ramanujan1933@gmail.com
FUNCTION 3 ANDD 4
MUMBAI ORALS

QUESTIONS CONTRIBUTED BY ROHAN KATRA FROM MUMBAI

1"How can we change a shell plate if required in dry dock"
Answer:- SHIP SIDE RENEWAL OF DAMAGED OR WASTED SHELL
PLATING PROCEDURE

TOOLS AND RIGGING: - Apart from the regular welding tool,

electrodes transformer and gas cutting torch extra rigging and gear
required are.

(a) Sufficient pad eyes and lifting hooks

(b) Wedge brackets.

The above two items are fabricated on spot with extra steel
available

(c) Chain blocks

(d) Slings

(e) Staging to be erected as required

STAGE 1:-

The portion to be renewal by an insert plate of similar original

thickness and same quality, is identified by U.S gauging (if wasted) or
marked out by surveyor (if damaged). The identification is roughly
marked by white paint
STAGE 2:-

The wasted or damaged portion of plating is cut by oxy-

acetylene flame in bits (only if frames are not required to be
renewal). The excess metal of plating sticking on frames is gouged
out. The corners are properly rounded off and finally the edges are
bevelled by grinding the edges with the portable disc grinder. The
bevelling angle is 300 to 400

STAGE 3:-

A suitable strake conforming to the material specification

and scantling is selected by the w/s from a steel stockyard. If the
material specifications are in accordance with national standards
organization, Such material is acceptable to the classification but
they have to undergo a UTS, % elongation and impact test, provided
the chemical composition of the material is broadly in accordance
with the original steel. If so a test portion is marked out of the strake
and duly stamped for identification of test pieces. The original
specification is got from the shell expansion plan.
This strake is then used for cutting out the insert plate, edges
are bevelled by grinding to the corresponding angles as made on the
dressed cut on ship side sufficient penetration allowance is given on
the edge for proper welding. The corners are suitably rounded
to the corresponding radius of curvature..
The insert is lifted up by chain blocks rigged at proper support.
Supports are made by pad eyes with lifting plate hooks. The insert is
positioned in place, supported by wedge brackets welded on Hull
along the cut edges. This insert is adjusted to ensure that the
welding gap or penetration allowance is uniform all along the edges.
Welding can proceed from outside and inside after correct setting
of the penetration gap. The welding is done in two or three
continuous runs with proper wire brushing and chipping after
each run to ensure that the slag is thoroughly removed from
the weld.

STAGE 4:-
Frames affected are now connected to insert plate by
staggered welding which the normal procedure is for welding frame
to shipside or by full welding if that is the style followed in that area
finally repairs are tested by hose testing if it is a hold or hydro
testing if it is part of ballast tank or wing tank.
( note :- If you need the relevant sketches i can make
and post on the site)

Function three
2Draw the mid-section of a container ship
Answer:- Because of the wide hatches the deck plating must be
thick, and higher tensile steel is often used. The deck , side shell and
longitudinal bulkheads are longitudinally framed in addition to the
double bottom. The hatch coamings may be continuous and
therefore improve the longitudinal strength. Problems may arise in
these vessels due to the lack of torsional strength caused by the
large hatches. The problem is overcome to some extent by fitting
torsion boxes on each side of the ship. These boxes are formed by
the upper deck, top part of the longitudinal bulkhead, sheer strake
and upper platform, all of which are of thick material . The boxes are
supported inside by transverses and wash bulkheads in addition to
the longitudinal framing.

These boxes are only effective if they are effectively tied at their
ends. At the after end they extend into the engine room and are tied
 to deep transverse webs. Similarly at the fore end, they are carried
as far forward as the form of the ship will allow and are welded to
transverse webs. The longitudinal bulkheads below the box may have
to be stepped in board to suit the shape of the ship, the main
longitudinal bulkhead being scarphed into the stepped section.

3If you have a hole on the shell of the ship what is the
procedure of getting it replaced
Answer:- Usually the hole will be a surrounded by
wasted or corroded area of plating which subsequently
will also start getting ho;led. Hence check for the limits
of corrosion in this location by US gauging and a
suitable larger area is to be cut and suitably inserted.
Follow the method given in q1 for details of the
repair
3What grade of steel do we use for shell plating?
Answer:- For medium sized ships the grades used are
A,B, D, E . For large sized ships the grades used are
the same grades but of high tensile steel designated
AH,BH, DH and EH
4Net tonnage versus gross tonnage
Answer;- Net tonnage is the volumetric measurement of
the enclosed cargo carrying space of the ship given in
tons which is converted empirically from the volume
of the space. This space is also the space for
passengers if it carries passengers also.
The gross tonnage is the full volume of enclosed
spaces above and below the main deck converted to
tons by the same empirical formula
5Torsion box purpose and from where to where
Answer:- The torsion box extends from the collision
bulkhead to the machinery space forward bulkhead. For
the details of construction refer to Q 2 in this blog.

Function four
6What is your engine explain name
Answer:- This quesio is required to be answered by
the candidate and for which he shold have the
engine particulars in his finger tip. What is usually
required to be answered is given under.
NOTE: Candidates must know and remember the model
number, bore and length of stroke and the total BHP it produces
at the service RPM

7Main bearing clearance measurement

Answer:- To measure the main bearing oil clearance on
the top side of the bearing, the crank must be
positioned almost at ninety degrees on the stbd side
which will enable the full half circumference insertion
of the feeer leavf or leaves.
For this the turning gear is to be engaged . This
check is done routinely during crank case inspection.
8Safety valve if local supply what will you test. You haven't
received any certificate.
Answer:- The safety valve should have a certificate
issued by the class If it is to berenewed , the
surveyor should set the valve and conduct an
accumulation of pressure test.
9Vibrations on the engine
Answer:- The vibrations on the engine are :
 Torsional vibrations of the shafting
 Axial vibrations of the shafting.
 Transverse vibrations of the engine frame
caused by the residual primary and/or secondary
unbalanced couples.
10Axial Vibration and torsional vibration location of
dampers, working of dampers, where is the oil supply
from?
Answer:- Axial Damper: The Axial damper is fitted on the
crankshaft of the engine to dampen the shaft generated axial
vibration i.e. oscillation of the shaft in forward and aft directions,
parallel to the shaft horizontal line.

It consists of a damping flange integrated to the crankshaft and

placed near the last main bearing girder, inside a cylindrical
casing. The casing is filled with system oil on both side of
flanges supplied via small orifice. This oil provides the damping
effect.

When the crankshaft vibrates axially, the oil in the sides of

damping flange circulates inside the casing through a throttling
valve provided from one side of the flange to the other, which
gives a damping effect.

The casing is provided with high temperature alarm and

pressure monitoring alarms located on both sides of damping
flanges. They give alarm if one side oil pressure drops more
than the set value as a result of low LO supply, sealing ring
failure etc.
Torsional damper:- The most famous type of torsional
damper used on marine engine of a ship is Viscous type
dampers, which consist of an inertia ring added to the
crankshaft enclosed in a thin layer of highly viscous fluid like
silicon. The inertia ring is free to rotate and applies a lagging
torque on the crankshaft due to its lagging torsional motion.
When the crankshaft rotates, the inertia ring tends to move in
radial direction but the counter effect is provided by the silicon
fluid damping the vibration.