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Analytical and Numerical Analysis of CFRP
A. Muhammad Jawad, B. Hazrat sher khan C. Dr, Azfer Khalid D. Dr, Waqas Akbar Lughmani
Abstract---The present era need products with low
cost, good strength lightweight and durable.
carbon fiber reinforced polymers offer the
complete profile of properties over the metal
composites. Due to attractive properties of CFRP
day by day usage increasing in space technology,
construction engineering and sports goods, after
displacing the metal composites CFRP narrowly
contributed the problems in working condition
due to sizeable bending deformation and diverse
impacts to its own cross section and micro
structure The three approaches used to
investigate the damage in CFRP laminate.
Analytical method numerical and also through the
experiment by 5569 machine. Deflection produced
when the load spanned the actual value for that
reason the object applicable for failure theory to
catch the ultimate strength of the laminate.
I. Introduction
In present era the usage of CFRP carbon fiber
reinforcement polymer more prominent over the
homogenous material like steel and alloy due to
the weight to strength ratio and also composite
made for desired mechanical properties .in
composite material for over desired strength
with specific laminate code. UD fiber carbon
polymer [1].carbon fiber laminates have a large
number of excellent properties[2]. woven type
fiber carbon[3], also use for low cost of
production[4] better ability to withstand wear
pressure or damage better resistance to
cracking[5] and transverse bursting[6] due to
beat up force and able to withstand with great
impact of strength.
These properties have enchanted the sports
industry, automobile industry, construction, as
well as aerospace industry. These loads create
high stresses and strains which results in damage
modes, due to Interply failure of fiber and
debonding of fiber and matrix cracking damage
begin at micro scale in textile composite
laminate.
In bending conditions delamination and damage
of laminate occurs due to transverse shear and
normal stresses[3]. These damages reduce the
mechanical properties of the composites.
Due to these problems analysis is must done in
order to overcome these problems by improving
the composite technology. Analytical and
numerical approaches are used for the analysis
of composites. Damage in composites which are
subjected to loads, are studied by many
researchers
Due to impact loads some stresses and strains
are produced, which results in the failure of the
composites. To study these problems three
methods are used for the analysis of CFRP[6].
Experimental method done on machine,
analytical approach, and numerical simulation is
used which is done on ansys 15.0, which are
further discussed. The paper include starting of
damage and progression interaction in CFRP
woven laminate subjected to large deflection
bending is studied.
II. Experimental Test
Data collected from experimental tests done on 0
degree and 90 degree CFRP samples. These
samples are fabricated with a carbon fiber fabric
woven and epoxy is used as a matrix. The
volume fraction of fiber is 50%. The tests was
done instron 5569 machine. The results of test
are same flexural modulus of 49.7 Gega Pascal
and ultimate flexural strengths are 877 Mega
Pascal and 913 Mega Pascal for 0 degree and 90
degree respectively. The elastic modulus which
are E11 and E12 are calculated from these tests
while other properties are taken from where a
same composite is studied[7] as shown in Table 1.
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Elastic Stresses 𝑁 𝐴 𝐵 𝜀𝑂
[ ]=[ ][ ]
property 𝑀 𝐵 𝐷 𝐾
E11 = E22 70 σ 10 (MPA) 13
𝑁𝑥 𝑀𝑥
(GPA)
G12 5 σ110 (MPA) 14 Where [N]= [ 𝑁𝑦 ] , [M]= [ 𝑀𝑦 ]
(GPA) 𝑁𝑥𝑦 𝑀𝑥𝑦
V12 0.1
Ɛ𝑜𝑥 𝑘𝑥
E33 46.3 𝑜
(GPA) And [Ɛ ]= [ Ɛ𝑦 ] , [k]= [ 𝑘𝑦 ]
o
𝑜 𝑘𝑥𝑦
G13=G23 3.0 𝛾𝑥𝑦
(GPA)
V13=V23 0.3 The mid plan strains and curvatures are find by
giving different bending moments My which are
100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900,
III. Analytical Method 1000. After finding these mid plan strains and
curvatures. After applying these forces, Global,
In analytical method the properties used are local stresses and Global, local strains produced
taken from experimental tests. In which the for each load applied is calculated on every ply
stacking sequence is [0o, 90o, 0o, 90o]s which are of the laminate.
symmetric. First of all we have to find reduced
stiffness matrix Global strains are calculated on top, mid and
bottom of each ply from following equation.
𝑄11 𝑄12 0
[Q] = [𝑄12 𝑄22 0 ] Ɛ𝑥 Ɛ𝑜𝑥 𝑘𝑥
𝑜 𝑘
0 0 𝑄66 Ɛ
[ Ɛ𝑦 ]= [ 𝑦 ]+ (z) [ 𝑦 ]
𝛾𝑥𝑦 𝑜
𝛾𝑥𝑦 𝑘𝑥𝑦
Then we have to find the Transformed Reduced
Stiffness Matrix Where z is the distance from the mid plan to the
ply where the global strain is calculated. Now
𝑄̅11 𝑄̅12 𝑄̅16 using global strains global stresses can be find
[𝑄̅ ] =[𝑄̅12 𝑄̅22 𝑄̅26 ] for each ply on following equation.
𝑄̅16 𝑄̅26 𝑄̅66
𝜎𝑥 Ɛ𝑥
Now we have to find the Extensional, Coupling, [ 𝜎𝑦 ]= [𝑄̅ ] [ Ɛ𝑦 ]
and Bending Matrices [A] [B] [D] respectively. 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝑛
[A] = ∑ [(𝑄̅𝑖𝑗 )]𝑘 (ℎ𝑘 − ℎ𝑘−1 ) Global stresses for each ply on top, mid and
𝑘=0 bottom have been calculated. Now using these
𝑛 global stresses local strains can be find applying
[B] = 1/2 ∑ [(𝑄̅𝑖𝑗 )]𝑘 (ℎ2 𝑘 − ℎ2 𝑘−1 ) following equation.
𝑘=0
𝑛 Ɛ1 Ɛ𝑥
[D] =1/3 ∑ [(𝑄̅𝑖𝑗 )]𝑘 (ℎ 3
𝑘 −ℎ 3
𝑘−1 ) [ Ɛ2 ]= [T] [ Ɛ𝑦 ]
𝑘=0
𝛾12 /2 𝛾𝑥𝑦 /2
Where i=1,2,6; j=1,2,6
Local strains for each ply on top, mid and
Coupling matrix is zero because in symmetric bottom have been calculated. [T] is called the
laminates [B] is always zero. These matrices [A] Transformation matrix and is defined as
[B] [D] are used to find the mid plan strains and
curvatures by the following formula 𝑐2 𝑠2 2𝑠𝑐
[T]= [ 𝑠 2 𝑐2 −2𝑠𝑐 ], c= cos(θ), s= sin(θ)
−𝑠𝑐 𝑠𝑐 𝑐2 − 𝑠2
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Local stresses can be calculated with the help of

following equation.
V. Results and discussion
𝜎1 𝜎𝑥
𝜎 𝜎
[ 2 ]= [T] [ 𝑦 ] In this section provide the comparison of the
𝜏12 𝜏𝑥𝑦 tests done in paper and discussed the similarities
of both analytical and numerical
Now the failure theory is applied. method.numarical test carried out by ansys
commercial software and analytical done by
IV. Numerical Method matlab.both the results are similar The results of
these tests are discussed in this section. As
In analytical method the load applied on the
mentioned in table the first ply will fail on the
CFRP laminate [0,90]2s to find the ultimate
load of 225. When the first ply fail then the same
strength of CFRP. For better evaluation and
procedure is followed for the calculation of
show in 2D model used the commercial
maximum allowable normal load, stress and
approach ansys 15.0 where the boundary
strain for the second lamina. The first lamina is
condition are fixed as according to the
considered fail in further calculations. The
requirement of flexural test. The data taken from
calculations shows that the second lamina will
table 1. FEA model developed representing the
fail on 335. The maximum allowable stress for
bending test, 3 point bending test. A beam of 80
second lamina is 325 and maximum allowable
millimeter length and 25 millimeter width to
strain is 315. Which shows that after the failure
find the deflection in beam of composite
of first ply the laminate can bear more load then
laminate. Load applied on beam in FE model to
before. And at the end, final lamina will fail on
present the deflection in bending test of CFRP
the load of 885. Having maximum allowable
laminate. The plies of composite laminate are
stress 825, and maximum allowable strain 815.
stacked with each other at the angle of [0. 90]s
The results of analytical and numerical
degree.
simulations are in almost same.
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VI. CONCLUSION

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers Composite

laminate has wide application in space
technology construction engineering and
sports goods. The excellent properties the CFRP
having high strength and low weight over the
steel alloys and also provide the good thermal
resistance. Analytical approaches carried out for
the exact value of the carbon fiber reinforced
polymers laminate over the different loads. The
laminate has a high strength in different loading
and also compare with the experimental and
numerical tests.