HUMAN RIGHTS {UNIT 4}

SC & ST
QUESTIONS = How the human rights of Dalits / ST-SC peoples are protected under Indian laws? OR
Write short note on “minority rights & scope of their protection” OR Write short note on
“Apartheid” [2011,12,14,15,16,18]

SYNIOPSIS
1. INTRODUCTION
• Scheduled Castes [Art.341]
• Scheduled Tribes [Art.342]

2. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
• Prohibition on discrimination on grounds of cates colour etc., [Art.15(4) (5)]
• Freedom of speech [Art.19]
• Promotion of educational & economic int. of ST-ST [Art.46]
• Reservation of seats [Art.330,332,334]
• Claims of ST/SC to service & post [Art.335]
• Grants from the union to certain states [Art.275]
• 5 & 6 Schedule
• 85 Amendment Act

3. THE SC/ST (PREVENTION OF ATROCITIES) Act, 1989

• Preventive
• Punitive
• Rehabilitative

4. MINORITY

5. MINORITY RIGHTS UNDER THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

• Freedom of conscience & free profession [Art.25]
• Freedom to manage religious affairs [Art.26]
• Freedom as to payment of taxes [Art.27]
• Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction [Art.28]
• Protection of interests of minorities [Art. 29]
• Right of minorities to establish administration institution [Art. 30]

6. CASE LAWS
• D.A.V College Vs. State of Punjab
• Balaji Vs. State of Mysore

7. CONCLUSION
 ANSWER

1. INTRODUCTION = Brilliant
• Definition = Bare act

2. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS -

The following are the measures prescribed in the Constitutional provisions for the welfare of the
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes:

1. According to the Article 15, the state should not discriminate against any citizen only on the
ground of caste, creed, etc. More positively, Article 15(4) further states that the state may (in
spite of right to equality) make special provisions for the welfare of socially and educationally
backward classes. Thus, if the State takes any measures in favour of these castes and
communities if would not be challenged on the ground of right to equality.
2. According to provisions of Article 19, the state can impose reasonable restrictions on the
freedom of movement and residence of people, in the interest of Scheduled Tribes.
3. Article 46 of Constitutional provisions directs the State to protect the educational interests of
the weaker section of society especially the Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes.
4. According to the provisions of Article 330, 332 and 334, the seats are reserved in the
Parliament and State Legislatures in favour of the Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes in
proportion to their number in the population.
5. Article 335 provides that the State shall consider the claim of members of SC/ST for making
the reservation in services, keeping in mind the efficiency of the administration.
6. The Article 338 of the constitutional provision (as amended in 1990 by 65th Amendment)
provides for the establishment of National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes, which is assigned such duties as to investigate and monitor all matters
related to the safeguards provided for the SC/ST in the constitution, to advice on the planning
process of the development of SC/ST and to recommend suitable measures for the effective
implementation of these safeguards and for the protection , welfare and advancement of the
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
7. As per the provisions of Article 339, the President is authorised to appoint a Commission after
10 years of the commencement of the Constitution to report on the administration of
Scheduled Area and the welfare of Scheduled Castes.
The Government of India is also empowered to issue suitable directions to State for the
welfare of Scheduled Area and Scheduled Tribes
8. Article 275(1) of the Constitution makes provision that the Union of India shall make grants to
States for implementing welfare schemes in Scheduled Areas and for Scheduled Tribes.
9. The Fifth and the Sixth Schedules of the constitution (with reference to article 244) make
special provisions for the administration and welfare of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled
Tribes.
10. As per the provision of the Constitution, there shall be a separate Ministry in few states viz
Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Orissa etc. which will be charged with the responsibility for the
welfare of Scheduled castes in the States.
11. The 85th amendment of the Constitution restores reservation in promotion in government
jobs to the member of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

3. THE SC/ST ACT 1989 = Brilliant

4. MINORITY = Brilliant
5. RIGHTS OF MINORITIES = Brilliant
6. CASE LAWS = Brilliant