MAHARASHTRA

WEST
REGIONS OF MAHARASHTRA
CLIMATIC ZONES OF MAHARASHTRA
WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
SUMMER
• MARCH TO MAY
• TEMPERATURE-26OC-36OC

RAINY
• JULY TO SEPTEMBER
• AVERAGE RAINFALL- 700-800MM
• RAIN DECREASES FROM JUNE TO SEPTEMBER

WINTER
• NOVEMBER TO FEBRUARY
• TEMPERATURE-20OC-30OC
• COOL DRY WEATHER, CLEAR SKIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF DESIGN WITH RESPECT TO CLIMATE
• SLOPING ROOF- DRAIN WATER, SUNLIGHT REFLECTION, VENTILATION
• BAFFLE WALLS TO DIVERT FLOW OF WIND
 • CROSS VENTILATION-MINIMIZE HIGH DAY TEMPERATURE
• VEGETATION IN SURROUNDINGS-MODERATE SOLAR IMPACT

SOURCE: dnr.Louisiana.gov
greenyflat.com.au
WHAT IS VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE?
• PURE RESPONSE TO A PARTICULAR PERSON’S OR SOCIETY’S BUILDING
NEEDS
• BUILDING METHODS-TESTED THROUGH TRIAL AND ERROR BY
SOCIETY-TILL PERFECTION IS ACHIEVED
• TAILORED TO CLIMATIC, AESTHETIC, FUNCTIONAL, SOCIOLOGICAL
NEEDS OF THEIR GIVEN SOCIETY
• SIMPLY…IT IS ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS
EXAMPLES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN
MAHARASHTRA
 GONDIA (NAGPUR)

• The houses varied from small

single storied mud structures to
three or even more.
• Spaces are arranged about
a central space which is
the main bedroom.
• The plan is a rough 7x7
grid.
• The wall thicknesses vary
from 1m and downwards.
WADA

• The traditional residence in

Maharashtra was called the
wada.
• A wada was typically a
large building of two or
more storey with groups
of rooms arranged around
open courtyards.
Two types of wadas:
• Mostly for the middle class
families
• Mostly owned by the
richer class
 WADA IS THE EXAMPLE OF
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN
WESTERN MAHARSHTRA
 REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION
KONKAN DESH KHANDESH MARATHWADA VIDARBHA
GARHI/RAJWADA GARHI/RAJWADA

NOBLEMENS NOBLEMENS NOBLEMENS NOBLEMENS WADA NOBLEMENS LEGEND

WADA WADA WADA WADA
GARHI/RAJWADA

ORDINARY ORDINARY WADA ORDINARY ORDINARY WADA ORDINARY

NOBLEMENS WADA
WADA WADA WADA
ORDINARY WADA
WADAS OF WADAS OF WADAS OF WADAS OF WADAS OF
MERCHANT MERCHANT MERCHANT MERCHANT MERCHANT WADAS OF MERCHANT

TEMPLE WADA
TEMPLE WADA
GHAT WADA AND TEMPLE COMPLEX
GHAT WADA AND GHAT WADA AND
TEMPLE TEMPLE COMPLEX TENEMENT WADA
COMPLEX
MUSLIM WADA
TENEMENT
WADA
MUSLIM
WADA
TYPICAL WADA PLAN
• Courtyard- climatological function
provides – light and ventilation through
the house
• Also serves as - convective thermostat,
moderating extreme diurnal variations in
temperature
• Therefore Courtyards -usually sufficiently
narrow-allow for a shaded area that
provides protection during summer -
wide enough to receive winter wind.
• Courtyard is an omnipresent feature
1. Open quadrangle formed the
chowk
2. A pillared, semi-open corridor
called sopa formed the
intermediate layer around chowk
3. Rooms beyond constitute the built
form
TYPES OF WADAS
TYPICAL WADA
• BRICK, STONE AND MORTAR STR. BUILT
UPON STONE FOUNDATION
• PLINTH – 4 - 6 FEET IN LENGTH & UPTO
4M IN HEIGHT ; BUILT WITH DRESSED
SANDSTONEE IN LIME MORTAR
• STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK BUILT IN
WOOD
• ENTRANCE NORTH-FACING
• EQUIPPED WITH HUGE ,DOUBLE
PANALLED, METAL SPIKED DOOR
• KITCHEN WALL PROVIDED WITH SHAFT
FOR BETTER VENTITATION
• PARAPET COURSES IN BRICK
THE GRID
• The dimensions of the structural
unit depended on the materials
available
• Length of the wooden members
utilized for beam – 8 – 10 feet
• Each point of intersection of the
grid was marked by a cloumn
GEOMETRIES OF
STURCTURES
• SYMMETRICALLY COMPOSED WITH
FLUTED COLUMNS AND CUSPED ARCHES
• ARCHITECTURAL FRAME WORK USED FOR
WINDOWS AND DOORS
• CENTER OF EVERY STR. BAY ON THE
UPPER FLOOR IS DEFINED BY A LONG
WINDOW
• WINDOWS CONVENIENTLY DESIGNED
ALLOWING PEOPLE SITING ON THE
UPPER FLOOR TO PARTICIPATE IN THE
PROCEEDINGS IN THE COURTYARD
BELOW
• Cypress shaped columns were used
• Bamboo frames were used for corner junctions
• While decorative bricks were used for relief work
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRAKETS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLUMNS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEILING AND DETAIL OF BEAM
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOORS
WINDOWS
JOSHI WADA
LAYOUT
• A-Kitchen
• B-Deoghar
• C-room 1
• D-room 2
• E-Othla
/Platform
• F-Courtyard
• G-Entrance
CHARACTERISTICS
• Example of ordinary wada typology
• It has Square plan
• Two storied structure with court abutting
the street
• House and its main entrance
are oriented towards the east
Construction Material
• Wooden frame structure
• High basalt stone plinth
• Thick brick infill walls
• Arched entrance constructed out
of bricks
Most commonly used materials are WOOD,STONE AND
BRICK
• Pitched roof,over entrance

• Wooden trusses supporting the

sloping mangalore tiled roof
• Clearstory windows

• Floor to lintel double shutter

windows

• Ornamental entrance door

 THANK YOU

• MAMTA JAIN
• ADITI JAVDEKAR
• SHRIYA JOSHI
• NIKITA KARANI
• KASTURI KAMBEKAR
S.Y SEM III
LOKMANYA TILAK COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
STUDIES, KOPARKHAIRNE,
NAVIMUMBAI
SOURCE: THE COURTYARD WADA OF MAHARASHTRA
AUTHOR-RUPA RAJE GUPTA