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Interrelationship PHASES OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
Interrelationship PHASES OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
Interrelationship PHASES OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
P PHASES OF THE
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
1. HEAT ENERGY
2. NET RADIATION
3. HUMIDITY
4. TEMPERATURE
HEAT ENERGY
• Is the result of the movement of tiny particles, called the
atoms.
• Two sources of heat energy used during the process of
evapotranspiration:
1. sensible heat
2. latent heat
NET RADIATION
• The incoming and outgoing energy at the top of the
atmosphere.
• It is the total energy that is available to influence the
climate.
• Types of Net Radiation:
1. positive net radiation
2. negative net radiation
3. balanced net radiation
NET RADIATION
HUMIDITY
• Is the amount of water vapor present in air.
• If there is a lot of water vapor in the air, the humidity will be
high.
• If the air around the plants is too humid, the transpiration
and evaporation rates drop.
TEMPERATURE
• Higher evaporating surface, higher the temperature, higher
is the rate of evapotranspiration.
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION
1. OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION
2. CONVECTIONAL PRECIPITATION
3. CYCLONIC OR FRONTAL PRECIPITATION
OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION
• When the moist of air mass rises on the windward side of the mountain.
CONVECTIONAL PRECIPITATION
• The land warms up and it heats the air above it.
CYCLONIC OR FRONTAL PRECIPITATION
• Occurs when a warm and cold front meets. The air rushes horizontally into
the low pressure area changing into whirling mass.
INFILTRATION/PERCOLATION
INFILTRATION/PERCOLATION
• They are two related but different processes describing the
movement of moisture through soil.
• INFILTRATION – the downward entry of water into the soil or
rock surface.
• PERCOLATION – is the flow of water through soil and porous
or fractured rock.
FACTORS AFFECTING
INFILTRATION/PERCOLATION
Permeability is ability
of water to flow
through rock,
sediment, or soil.
What is an Aquifer?
An aquifer is an underground
layer of water-bearing
permeable rock, rock fractures
or unconsolidated materials.
Groundwater can be extracted
using a water well. The study of
water flow in aquifers and the
characterization of aquifers is
called hydrogeology.
• Aquifers store drinking
water and act as
natural filters.
• We tap into these
sources of drinking
water using wells.
The one nearest the surface is the "zone of aeration",
where gaps between soil are filled with both air and
water. Below this layer is the "zone of saturation", where
the gaps are filled with water. The water table is the
boundary between these two layers.
GROUNDWATER USAGE
• About 90% of freshwater available for
use is groundwater. The remaining 10% is
in lakes and rivers.
• Groundwater is extracted using wells. In
order for a well to be successful, it must
be drilled into the zone of saturation. The
well pulls down the water table, creating
a feature called a cone of depression.
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION