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Kendriya Vidyalaya No PDF
Kendriya Vidyalaya No PDF
1,
Jaipur
Physics Investigatory
Project
a.c. to d.c. conversion (FULLWAVE
RECTIFIER)
Under Guidance : Submitted By:
Mr. R.Tetarwal Tanuj Sharma
XII-B
12237
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Master Tanuj Sharma is a bona
fide student of class XII of Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1,
Jaipur, Roll No.: 12240 Session 2012-2013.
The project report on A.C. TO D.C. CONVERSION
submitted by him is in fulfilment of class XII CBSE,
board practical examination. It is further certified
that the candidate did the project under my
supervision and guidance.
Mr. R.Tetarwal
(PGT Physics)
K.V.No.1,
Jaipur
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I selected this project as a part of my studies, titled
A.C. TO D.C. CONVERSION, as a gratitude, I convey
my sincere thanks to Mr.R.Tetarwal (PGT Physics
K.V.No.1, Jaipur) who was the constant guide during
the period of study. I also convey my thanks to my
parents and my friends, without whose help it would
not have been possible for me to complete this
project and its submission in all India Senior
Secondary Examination 2012-2013.
Tanuj Sharma
XII – B (12237)
K. V. No. 1,
Jaipur
A.C. TO D.C. CONVERTER
SYNOPSIS
A.C. converter is a device, which is used to convert an A.C. supply
into D.C. supply through semi conductor diode. It finds its
application in many fields of electricity. It is used in batteries
eliminators, televisions, radios electroplating etc. I have studied
about it and have recorded observations in this Project Report.
CONVERTER
It converts an A.C. supply into D.C. or D.C. into A.C. But in this
project it converts A.C. into D.C. The converter which converts A.C.
into D.C. is known as Rectifier and this process of converting into
D.C. is known as RECTIFICATION. It mainly consist of four parts:
1. Step Down Transformer
2. Rectifier
3. Filter Element
4. Output
PRINCIPLE
A transformer is essential in an A.C. device, which works on the
principle of mutual induction i.e. when the strength of current in
one circuit changes an induced E.M.F. is generated in the
neighbouring circuit.
CONSTRUCTION
A transformer consist of two coils insulated from each other and
wound on the same core. The coil to which the alternating
electrical energy is supplied is called Primary Coil. The coil, from
which output electricity energy is obtained, is known as
Secondary Coil. It consist of very thin strips of special alloy of
steel. These strips are insulated from other. This is done with a
view to avoid energy losses due to currents.
STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
= =k
ARRANGEMENT
D1 and D2 are teo semiconductor diodes. The sources of A.C. to be
rectified is connected to primary P1, P2 of transformer. The ends
S1, S2 of the transformer is connected to the plates of two
semiconductor diodes. The output is taken across the resistance.
WORKING
During the half of input cycle, let P1 become negative(-) and P2
becomes positive(+). On account of mutual induction S1 becomes
positive (+) and S2 becomes negative(-). Then upper p-n junction
is in forward bias. The forward current flows on account of
majority carriers of upper p-n junction diode in direction shown
during other half cycle of input A.C., the upper p-n junction diode
and vice versa.
The forward current flows on account of the majority carriers of
lower p-n junction diode. We use filter circuit.