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Form 4

Physics
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The study of matter

Chapter 2:
1 End
Forces & Motion
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Physics: Chapter 2
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Objectives:
(what you will learn)
< Back

Next > 1) understanding Motion

2) understanding Momentum

3) understanding Forces

2 End
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Motion
Distance = amount of space between 2 places
Displacement = distance from a particular point
Speed = distance traveled per unit of time

< Back Speed = distance , m s-1

time
Next >
Velocity = displacement per unit of time
Velocity = displacement , m s-1
time
Acceleration = rate of changes in velocity

Acceleration = velocity , m s-2

time
3 End
Deceleration = retardation = negative acceleration
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Motion
Equations of motion: v = u + at
v2 = u2 + 2as
s = ut + ½at2
Inertia = tendency of things to resist changes in motion
< Back
Momentum = mass x velocity
Next >
Law of Conservation of Momentum
When 2 or more objects act upon each other, their total momentum
remains constant; if no external forces are acting.

Impulse = changes in momentum = mv – mu = Ft

Impulsive force = rate of change of momentum (in a
4 End
collision or explosion)
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Newton’s Law
Newton’s First Law
Every object continue in its state of rest or motion in straight line,
unless it is compelled to change by forces acting on it.

Newton’s Second Law

< Back The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
acting on the object, in the direction of the net force, and inversely
Next > proportional to its mass.

F = ma
Newton’s Third Law
Whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the second
object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

F1 F2
5 End
1 2
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Forces & Motion

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Free fall = motion under the influence of gravitational pull only.

The acceleration of free fall is g.

Earth’s gravitational field strength (g) is 10 N/kg.

Weight is the force due to gravity on an object. Weight (W) is the

< Back product of mass (m) and acceleration due to gravity (g).
Next >
W = mg

Forces in equilibrium = balanced forces = resultant force = 0

(The acceleration of the object is zero)
Unbalanced forces = single force = resultant force
Work = force x distance
6 End
Unit is kg m2 s-2 or Joule (J)
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Forces & Motion

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All moving objects have kinetic energy (KE) which is due to

motion.
KE = ½ mv2
Gravitational potential energy is the work done when an object
dropped because of downward gravitational pull.
< Back
PEgravity = mgh
Elastic potential energy is work done to stretch or compress a
Next >
spring or a rubber.
PEelastic = ½ Fx

Law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but can change from one form
to another.

7 End Efficiency =
Useful energy output
Energy input
X 100%
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Forces & Motion

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Power = rate at which work is done (unit in watt, W)

Work done
Power =
Time taken

< Back
Elasticity
Next >
The property of changing shape when a deforming force acts on an
object & returning to the original shape when the force is removed.

Hooke’s Law
The amount of stretch or compression is directly proportional to the
8 End applied force, F.
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Summary
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What you have learned:

< Back 1. Understanding Motion

2. Understanding Momentum
3. Understanding Forces

9 End Thank You

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