Synthesis of Cu(OH)₂ Lab Report

Members 1102/1104

Bhutas Polpanich

Rawipol Prasertboon

Jessica Rujipatanakul

Adhicha Chalermmchuang

Petepat Harnpraween
Abstract

In this experiment, we synthesize 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂. We mix CuSO4 with NaOH in different

concentration and then filter them using filter paper. In solution A+B we
got 0.26 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ and in solution A+C we got 0.6 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ In both reactions,
NaOH was the limiting agent.

Objective
The purpose of this experiment is to study the chemical reaction and understand the
concept of Mass relationship. In order to examine whether the result of the reaction during the
experiment and the result of the calculation will match or not. Furthermore, we’re also able to
determine limiting reagent and % yield of the reaction by looking at the result.

Introduction
The idea of this experiment is in the concept of the chemical reaction and balancing the
equation. Including the comparison between the results from the experiment and the result of the
calculation. According to (Treichel and Kotz, 2019) chemical reaction can be described as a
process in which one or more substances are converted into other substances. Which substances
can be chemical element or compound. Also with the support of (Helmenstine, 2019) a balanced
equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in
the reaction have the same charge and number. the experiment, we will be measuring and
combining two substances together, then weigh the result that we got. On the other hand, before
going to the lab, we already found the mass of the result by using the idea mass relation to
calculate the result. Meaning to say that, we use the formula to convert the mass of the
substances to its mole. Then we are comparing the ratio of the substances and the result to get the
mole of the result substances. After we got its mole, we are able to convert it back to its weight.
Material
1) CuSO4 solution (Solution A 2.5 g of CuSO4 in 50 ml of water)
2) NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
3) NaOH solution (Solution C 0.6 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
4) 100 mL beaker
5) 50mL graduated cylinder
6) Stirring rod
7) Filter paper
8) Weighing paper
9) Spatula
10) Watch glass
11) Funnel
12) Ring stand & clamp

Method

Experimental (Day 1)
Preparation of CuSO4 solution (Solution A)
1. Weight 2.5g of CuSO4 dissolve in 50 mL of water in 100 mL beaker.
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes.

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution B)

1. Weigh 0.2g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker.
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes.

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution C)

1. Weigh 0.6g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker.
2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes.

Synthesis of Cu(OH)2
1. Mix 25 mL of CuSO4 solution(Solution A) with 25 mL of NaOH solution (Solution B).
2. Stir for 2-3 minutes
3. Weight the filter paper, and then record it on data table.
4. Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique.
5. Rinse the solid product (the rest of product left on beaker) with 10 mL of distilled water.
6. Clean the filtered solid residue (during filtration) with 10 mL of distilled water for 2
times in order to remove Na2SO4 salt.
7. Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water.
 8. Carefully remove filter paper with filtered solid residue to watch glass.
9. Dry it overnight in the oven.
10. Repeat step 1-9 by using 25 mL of NaOH solution by using Solution C instead of
Solution B.

Experimental (Day 2)
11. Weight mass of filter paper and solid product.
12. Calculate the % yield of the reaction.

Results

Reaction
solution Reaction Weight of Weight of Weight of Solid product
observation filter paper filter paper solid observation
(g) +
 solid product
product (g) (g)

Solution Forms turquoise 1.5 1.76 0.26 Light blue powder

A+B particles with
transparent light
blue liquid

Solution Forms a dark 1.5 2.1 0.6 Very dark blue

A+C blue viscous clumps
substance with
clear liquid
Calculations
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶₄ ・5𝐶₂ 𝐶 + 2𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 ⇨ 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄ + 5𝐶₂𝐶
Molecular weight of each compound
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶₄・5𝐶₂𝐶 = 63.546 + 32.066 + (15.999 × 4) + 5 × ((1.008 × 2) + 15.999) = 249.683 𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 22.990 + 15.999 + 1.008 = 39.997 𝐶
𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ = 63.546 + (15.999 + 1.008) × 2 = 97.56 𝐶
𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄ = (22.990 × 2) + 32.066 + (15.999 × 4) = 142.042 𝐶
𝐶₂𝐶 = (1.008 × 2) + 15.999 = 18.015 𝐶

The number of moles of each compound

○ Solution A+B
25 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶₄ ⋅ 5𝐶₂𝐶 = 25 ÷ 249.683 = 0.10012693 𝐶𝐶𝐶0.2 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
= 0.2 ÷ 39.997 = 0.00500038 𝐶𝐶𝐶
→0.26 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ = 0.26 ÷ 97.56 = 0.00266502665 𝐶𝐶𝐶
○ Solution A+C
25 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶₄・5𝐶₂𝐶 = 25 ÷ 249.683 = 0.10012693 𝐶𝐶𝐶0.6 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
= 0.6 ÷ 39.997 = 0.01500113 𝐶𝐶𝐶
→0.6 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ = 0.6 ÷ 97.56 = 0.0061500615 𝐶𝐶𝐶

The limiting reagent

○ Solution A+B → 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
○ Solution A+C → 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Theoretical yield
○ Solution A+B
0.10012693 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶₄ ・5𝐶₂ 𝐶 + 0.00500038 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
⇨ 0.00250019 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 0.00250019 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄
+ 0.01250095 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶₂𝐶
= 0.00250019 × 97.56 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 0.00250019
× 142.042 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄ + 0.01250095 × 18.015 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶₂𝐶
= 0.2439185364 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 0.35513198798 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄
+ 0.22520461425 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶₂𝐶
○ Solution A+C
0.10012693 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶₄ ・5𝐶₂ 𝐶 + 0.01500113 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
⇨ 0.007500565 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 0.007500565 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄
+ 0.037502825 𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶₂𝐶
= 0.007500565 × 97.56 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 0.007500565
× 142.042 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄ + 0.037502825 × 18.015 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶₂𝐶
= 0.7317551214 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ + 1.06539525373 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶₂𝐶𝐶₄
+ 0.67561339237 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶₂𝐶
% yield
○ Solution A+B = 0.26 ÷ 0.2439185364 × 100 = 106.592964945 %
○ Solution A+C = 0.6 ÷ 0.7317551214 × 100 = 81.9946430784 %
Discussion

Our lab results after comparing the theoretical yield and actual yield is a little off. For
solution A+B we got a little more than the theoretical yield; around106.6%and for solution A+C
we got a lot less than the theoretical yield which is around 82%. In our calculations both A+B
and A+C’s limiting reagents was NaOH and the excess reagent was CuSO4 which means that
we could have added more NaOH and the reaction would continue. This would explain the
powder in A+B because the reaction could only be done only a little, while in A+C there was
more reaction could happen and we get more Cu(OH)2. The errors in the experiment might be
that we measured the chemicals incorrectly and caused a change, especially in A+C. The other
point of error might be because of the small particles result of A+C, some of it might be dropped
before or while measuring its weight. The color of A+B and A+C might be different because of
the concentration of each one is not the same What we learned from this lab is that we should be
more careful about measurement and carrying the results properly.

Conclusion

We synthesized 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ by mixing CuSO4 and NaOH together with different concentration of
NaOH.The results we got are as follows; in solution A+B we got 0.26 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ or
around 0.0026 mol which is around 106.59% of theoretical yield. Its color is a very light blue
powder.
In solution A+C we got 0.6 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶(𝐶𝐶)₂ or 0.00615mol which is around 81.99of theoretical
yield. Its color is dark blue and they form clumps. The limiting agent in both our reactions is
NaOH.
References

Treichel, P. and Kotz, J. (2019). chemical reaction | Definition, Equations, Examples, & Types. [online]
Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-reaction .

Helmenstine, A. (2019). What Is a Balanced Equation in Chemistry?. [online] ThoughtCo. Available at:
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-balanced-equation-and-examples-604380