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Perception of A Teenage Mother
Perception of A Teenage Mother
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
‘’Most people, almost everyone knows of a teen mom. Teen pregnancy rates are
growing, and we need to bring awareness to that.’’ (Madisen Beaty, date retrieved:
female under the age of 20. Teenage pregnancies are associated with social issues,
including lower educational levels and poverty. The popularity of teen’s pregnancy
worldwide has become a major concern in recent years. It is viewed as a global crisis as
the increasing number of teenage girls bearing children outside of marriage or before
The questions are what are the main causes of pregnancy? What are the effects of
teenage pregnancy? How does teenage pregnancy affect the society? What can be done to
improve the life of teenage moms? By having these problems to deal with without a fully
developed maturity, the mother can also suffer from emotional and mental stagnation. Her
peers may reject her as society deems teenage pregnancy unacceptable. She may feel
humiliated and ashamed after her pregnancy begins to show, so then she refuses to finish
school and as a result she lessens her ability to effectively raise her chid. For many teenage
girls, becoming pregnant can mean a withdrawal of support when it is most needed.
Teenagers when they become pregnant can suffer from a lack of support from the school
and school teachers, the general public and even friends and family. Many find themselves
with ultimatum have an abortion or move out. There is also the common stereotype that
teenage parent are missing out on the best years of their lives. Many, while finding their
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experiences tough and challenging, have no regrets and are happy with what they are, in
the long term. They still of course wish that things could have been easier, so they could
have enjoyed being a parent and having first born even more, maybe with a husband and
without all the added stress. The social consequences are the last thing on a mother’s mind.
The goal of the researchers is to know the life of a teenage mother, how strategies
applied when facing criticisms, and to fully understand why teenage pregnancy is one of
Due to existing problems such as teenage pregnancy, the researchers opted to select
this topic to investigate the reasons about teenagers who are engaged in this life changing
situation.
The principle aim of this study is to know the problems and perspective of a teenage
mother. The study considers the teenager’s information such as name (optional), and age.
The researchers limited the study for teenage mothers, nineteen years below living in
Kidapawan City specifically in Barangay Poblacion. The researchers will gather the data
Definition of Terms
Pregnancy- It is also known as gestation. It’s the time during which one or more
retrieved01/30/19)
Teenager- It is a person who falls within the ages of thirteen to nineteen years old.
turns 20, they are no longer a teenager because they are no longer in that
/retieved01/30/19)
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CHAPTER II
Many factors can contribute to a teen’s risk of becoming pregnant. Family history
and home life seem to have an impact on teenage girls. Ditsela and Van Dyk (2011) did an
exploratory study on the risk and protective factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.
Through their study, they found a correlation between the parenting style in the girl’s home
and teenage pregnancy. The findings suggest that adolescent pregnancy will be more
and allowing of them to develop were” less likely to get pregnant as a teenager. Ditsela and
Van Dyk emphasize the importance of parental relationships with their children as a
protective factor against teen pregnancy. In their article, the authors encouraged parents to
foster open communication in their home, especially around the topics of sex and sexuality.
pregnancy is unwanted or unintended. Research has shown that being a teen parent can be
disruption in their life plans, sudden monetary burden, realization that the teen will have a
lifelong connection with the other parent or ending the relationship with the other parent.
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The difference between adults and teenagers is how their attitude changes during
pregnancy and post childbirth. Teen mothers tend to show a decrease in their self-reported
Basch (2011) listed six factors that he suggested school consider including in their
programs and policies that serve teens and their families: State-of-the-art, evidence-based
sex education that gives students knowledge, attitudes, skills, and motivation to avoid teen
pregnancy, youth development activities that build on student assets and enhance their self-
mental health and social services, and providing parent’s education, helping them to
develop skills to share their values with their children and teach them to avoid pregnancy.
loss of educational and financial opportunities. The research team did acknowledge that
doing this may not be as beneficial “for some groups (e.g., low income and/or minority
girls) until barriers to educational and economic opportunities are alleviated.” (Cavazos-
a lack of social support and elevated rates of stress that each raises the risk of postpartum
depression”; however, mental health counselors, as well as other school and community
resources, can help. Social support, including that from counselors and other professionals,
can act as a stress-buffer, which can have a positive effect on the mental health and parental
behaviours of the teen parent. These behaviours may include staying in school or using
Many studies have been conducted on the adolescents’ mental health both prior to
and post birth. Some research has shown that low self-esteem in adolescents is associated
with a variety of behaviours, including pregnancy (Ditsela, et. al., 2011; East, et.al. 2012)
Research has also shown that when non-pregnant and pregnant teenagers are
compared, those who are pregnant tend to have an external locus of control. Locus of
control is defined as “the continuum between internal and external ownership of one’s
Early marriage and teenage pregnancy are the two most common causes for
adolescents´ school dropout in Ecuador. Women who have not finished their education
have less opportunities of future labour and less income compared to educated women. A
teenage pregnancy means in average 2.5 years less of schooling that a woman has.
Another alarming fact is that the number of teenage mothers who gave birth to their
second or third child during their teenage year has increased in the last 10 years. This is
according to the data shown in the press conference in Quezon City by Carmelita Ericta,
administrator and civil registrar general of the National Statistics Office. (Ime Morales,
July 9, 2013)
among girls. Permanent expulsion was one of the solutions made for teenage pregnancy
but this has been proven ineffective and unfair to the girls. Now there is a return to school
policy where a student is temporarily dismissed from school due to teenage pregnancy to
The difference between adults and teenagers is how their attitude changes during
pregnancy and post childbirth. Teen mothers tend to show a decrease in their self-reported
desire of a pregnancy. In East et. al.’s study (2012), “76% of adolescents indicated that
they wanted Running head: TEEN PREGNANCY 5 their pregnancy “very much” while
pregnant, and this decreased to 26% at 1 year postpartum… 5% of teens responded that
they did not want this pregnancy “at all” while pregnant; this increased to 33% at 1 year.”
This is the opposite of what has been shown in adult mothers. Adults tend to report a greater
wantedness after giving birth. One explanation is that teen mothers do not bond as well as
adult mothers with their babies. A second possibility is that the romantic relationship
between the teen mother and father dissipates after the child’s birth, resulting in anger and
resentment towards the baby’s father being “transferred onto feelings about the
pregnancy.”
With the increase of higher education students, 10% of this population are parents
or mothers who are hoping to give their children a better future and attending to their needs
through receiving a degree. These non-traditional students are often Student Mothers and
should be given special attention because aside from their role as student they are also
mothers and care givers at home. Many see or consider their families a hindrance to their
education which is wrong they should see it as a motivator because primarily, Student
mother go back to studying because they want to provide for their child. (Wilsey, 2013)
When pregnant students and student mothers are expected to subordinate their
needs and desires to those of their children and families, they are forced to grapple with
Researchers have also suggested that it may be helpful for mental health
practitioners to ask the teenage mother if the pregnancy was wanted and intended, since
Due to student mothers’ situation being difficult they have adapted coping
focused strategies and the support they received upon resuming studies were spiritual and
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The principle aim of this chapter is to introduce the research methodology of this
qualitative research study regarding the insights of a teenage mother in relation to time
This chapter presents and describes the essential elements of the research process
such as the General Procedure of the Study, Research Settings, Research Participants,
The procedure in gathering of data pertinent to this study includes the following:
1. Ask permission to conduct the study to the principal, Dr. Rosalinda T. Lonzaga by
presenting a letter.
2. Identify the participant afterwards give a letter to them asking them of their
approval to be interviewed for the study. They must be assured of her right to
3. Conduct of interview.
4. Data analysis.
Research Settings
The study will be conducted at Kidapawan City National High School, Kidapawan City.
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Figure 1. Map of Kidapawan City showing the location of Kidapawan City National High
School
Research Participants
There will only be participant in this research. The two participants are currently
Research Design
data. This type of research refers to the meanings, concepts definitions, characteristics,
metaphors, symbols, and description of things. This research answers how and when a
certain phenomenon occurs. Qualitative research approaches are employed across many
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academic disciplines, focusing particularly on the human elements of the social and natural
sciences.
(https://en.m.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_researchretrieved1/29/19)
The research design for this particular study will be patterned according to the case
study qualitative research. Case study research is a descriptive and exploratory analysis of
group or event to explore the causes of underlying principles. A case study is a research
strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life
context. It can be single or multiple case studies, relies on multiple sources of evidence and
(https://www.pressacademia.org/definition-of-case-study/retrieved1/29/19)
The sampling technique that the researcher will be using is the purposive sampling
own judgment when choosing members of population to participate in the study. Purposive
sampling is a non-probability sampling method and it occurs when “elements selected for
the sample are chosen by the judgment of the researcher. Purposive sampling method may
prove to be effective when only limited numbers of people can serve as primary data
sources due to the nature of research design and aims and objectives.
(https://research-methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-data-collection/purposive-
sampling/retrieved1/29/19)
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Research Instrument
The research instrument utilized to gather the needed information was as follows:
a. Individual Interview- Interview guides were used in the individual interview. The
interview guide was intended for the researcher’s guide in determining the insights
of a teenage mother.
b. Guide Questions
a. How can a teenage mother manage her time, budget, and at the same time life
leisure?
Data Analysis
This study used the descriptive-evaluative design utilizing the qualitative data
actions and characteristics cannot always be represented numerically and so the need of a
qualitative data. Questionnaires the gathered data such as the experiences and views will
be subjected to qualitative analysis. Santos (2010) noted that interview is a flexible way of
Qualitative research involves data that are recorded in words narrative description.
Researchers use qualitative methods to observe and describe conditions rather that control
them. According to APA’s Ethics Code (2002), a basic ethical principle for qualitative
research is for the researcher not to tamper with the natural setting under study. Participant
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observations are integral components of qualitative research and are widely use in the fields
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS
In this study, one student from Kidapawan City National High School shared her
experiences about being a teenage mother and at the same time a student. Also, her coping
strategies in balancing her time, money, and schooling. The story told provided personal
experiences as perceived by the student. The perspective was from a student who studies
in a public school and balancing her time in doing her responsibilities as a mother. The
a teenage mother and how the participant accepted her fate for being a mother at an early
age.
The purpose of this chapter is to present the findings related to the main research
question: What is the lifestyle of a teenage mother? Findings are organized by the
challenges and hardships she experienced. This organizing method is a systematic way to
Individual Profile
Kaye is 18 years old and her son is 3 years old. She is currently studying at
Kidapawan City National High School as a Grade 11 student. Kaye likes to do art, she has
a hobby on drawing and she also loves landscaping. Aside from that, Kaye likes sports,
especially volleyball. She enjoys playing with her friends. She doesn’t want to encounter
fake people because for her fake people will only be good for you at the beginning but
when the time comes that you’ll need help, they won’t be by your side. Even though she
became a parent at an early age, she is still a goal-driven person. Kaye continues her studies
and hoes that one day, she can finish up college with a degree.
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Time management is seen as the common obstacle for a student mother. Kaye
stated that managing time is not easy because she live double lives, as a mother and also
as a student. She struggles in splitting her time to accommodate all her responsibilities.
Budgeting is one of the common obstacle for a student mother but as for Kaye, she has
Participant Question: How did you conquer all the hardships in life?
Kaye
Nalampasan ko lahat ng hardships dahil sa aking anak at mga
taong naging inspirasyon ko para huwag mawalan ng pag-asa
sa buhay na kahit nagkamali man ako ng desisyon, hindi
hadlang ang pagiging isang batang ina para marating ko ang
pangarap ko sa buhay. Ito ako ngayong nagsusumikap na mag-
aral para sa aking pamilya.
What are the factors that helped you? / Who helped you
most in this situation?
This table indicates that Kaye commonly relies on being positive and not being
stressed about her situation and as for the factor that helped her she considers her family
Kaye
Ngayon na nag-aaral na ako ngayon ulit, naglalaan talaga ako
ng oras para sa anak ko. Mahirap man sa loob ko na tuwing
iiwan ko siya sa kaniyang auntie ay umiiyak siya, gusto
niyang sumama. Alam mo ba yung feeling na mura og
kumuton imong dughan makadungog sa iyang hilak, kay
ginatakasan lang namo siya after namo siya ihatod. Every
walay klase ginakuha jud nako siya para makaspend mi og
time sa isa’t isa.
As of today she continues her studies for her families’ future and for her son. She
stated that even though it’s hard for her to leave her son to his aunt, there is nothing that
she can do but to pursue her studies. She also stated that being a mother at an early age is
a blessing and she learned that one should not be rash and should know the consequences
of their actions.
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY
This chapter presents findings from the insights of a teenage mother in relation to
the personal perspectives of the participant regarding early pregnancy who answered the
research questions: How can you manage your time, budget, and at the same time life
leisure? How did you conquer all the hardships in life? And what are your learnings as
teenage mother?
life. As for the participant, time management is the biggest obstacle of being a student
mother as you need to divide your time between school and caring for the child. The
participant is having a hard time as she struggles in splitting her time to accommodate all
her responsibilities. She also stated that in terms of budgeting money, she has her partner
situation. She got pregnant at an early age resulting for her to stop her studies but despite
the criticisms and challenges, after a year or two, she enrolled again to pursue her dreams
not only for her own sake but also for her growing son and her family.
As for coping strategy it is seen that the having of positive outlook is effective
in handling different situations as a student mother. As for the factors she consider that
greatly helped her cope from the situation was the help of family members and her partner.
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The most common learning of the student mothers is that one should not be rash and should
CHAPTER VI
This study aims to understand how student mothers cope with their situation
towards their studies and as well as child rearing. More specifically, what are the problems
they have encountered in studying while nurturing their child at home. The study also seeks
to find the coping strategy used by Teenage Mothers in their circumstances. The life of a
Teenage Mother is no easy feat they have to juggle their time between attending their
classes, making their requirements, taking care of their child and taking care of the house.
They become the primary caregiver of their child and are expected to rear their child well.
Many of these student mothers also engage in working part-time to help in the financial
burdens of both studying and caring for the child. But, this becomes another disadvantage
Three conclusions emerged from the findings of this study on the insights from a
teenage mother. The evidence to support these conclusions came directly from story told
by the only one participant about her experiences on being a mother at an early stage.
Conclusions were linked to the conceptual framework, theories and research that informed
this study.
Time management is seen as one of the obstacle of being a teenage mother. The
reason for this is because you need to divide your time between schooling and caring for
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the child. As stated by the participant, she has a problem managing her time for she just
recently enrolled in a school. Despite the difficulties in time management, her family and
her partner always has her back in terms of helping her in studies and caring for the child.
Many things do not go smooth in the life of teenage mother. Teenage mother face
lots of problems and troubles when it comes to their personal lives and not only to personal
lives but the baby as well. So before becoming a teenage parent you have to take into
consideration that there are many problems that teenage parents face. The teenage mother
as a rule face depression, reason is that it is extremely hard experience to become a parent
while being just a teenager and it is even harder when you realize that you have to give up
the life you had before. Common problem that also occurs among the teenage parents is all
about the finances. However, you have to keep yourself somehow and keep the baby as
well. These are the most common problems that teenage parents face. (Ditsela and Van
Dyk, 2011)
Conclusion Three: Not All Pregnant Teenager Sees Their Situation as a Burden
Most women who are in this situation gets depressed or blames the infant resulting
for an abortion, but as for Kaye, being pregnant at an early age is a blessing. She
disregarded all the criticisms and focused on making her life better. Kaye stated that she
was inspired to continue her life because of the people who accepted her situation, gave
her some advices, uplifted her, and pushed her to continue and pursue her studies. Instead
of sulking in a corner, she pursued her dreams with the help of her family and her partner.
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She is now studying hard not only for the benefit of herself but also for her family and for
her growing son. It’s inevitable to be stressed in this situation but being positive is an
Recommendations
The research was conducted to determine the insights of a teenage mother. For the
own, and can easily prevent young women from achieving her life goals due to the
responsibilities thrust upon her. Teenage mothers face lots of problems and troubles when
it comes to their personal lives and not only to personal lives but the baby as well. They
become the primary caregiver of their child and are expected to rear their child well. The
researchers recommend that before you engage an unprotected sex you have to take into
consideration that there are many problems that teenage mothers face, you should think
REFERENCES
Essays, UK. (November 2018). Teenage Pregnancy Study in the Philippines. Retrieved
from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/health-and-social-care/teenage-pregnancy
Project Part C Statistics Analysis and Information Team. Department of Human Service
Donna Mcgee Thompson (2004). A tunnel of Hope: the experiences of student mothers
Brown RL, Awankwaa AA. (2007). College Females as Mothers : Balancing the roles of
StudentandMotherhood.From:http://search.proquest.com/pqrl/docview/21890103
Sharon Liversidge (2004). It’s no Five O’clock World : The lived experiences of
education : p. 42
http://northernstar.info/campus/news/student-mothers-joys-hardships
misconceptions/article_e1502dba-47c5-11e1-a057-
0019bb30f31a.html?mode=story
Kidwell, Christine & Professional Staff (2004). “Some facts psychologists know about
http://irlibrary.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/3611/Linnah%20Apondi.pdf
APPENDICES
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Guide Questions:
1.) How can a teenage mother manage her time, budget, and at the same time life
leisure?
2.) How can a teenage mother conquer all the hardships in life?
3.) What are the coping strategies used by the teenage mother?
Documentations/ Pictorials
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name: Kareen Luisa Eve D. Macasaet
Birthdate: April 29, 2002
Birthplace: Kidapawan City
Gender: Female
Address: Purok 3 Lanao, Kidapawan City
Family Background
Mother: Evelyn D. Macasaet
Father: Nathaniel O. Macasaet
Siblings: Kathleen Kay D. Macasaet
Krisssa Jane D. Macasaet
Katherine Sienna D. Macasaet
Educational Background
Elementary School: Binoligan Elementary School
Secondary School: Kidapawan City National High School
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Awards
Seminar/Trainings: Journalism Training in CDK
DSPC 1st place in TV Broadcasting
RSPC 2nd place in TV Broadcasting
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name: Lourainne Faith Y. Alocelja
Birthdate: March 1, 2002
Birthplace: Amas Provincial Hospital
Gender: Female
Address: 002 McArthur St., Kidapawan City
Family Background
Mother: Louainne Y. Alocelja
Father: Sammy P. Alocelja
Siblings: Precious Yzabelle Y. Alocelja
Princess Samantha Y. Alocelja
Educational Background
Elementary School: Kidapawan City Pilot Elementary School
Secondary School: Kidapawan City National High School
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Awards
Seminar/Trainings: Journalism Training in CDK
DSPC 1st place in TV Broadcasting
RSPC 2nd place in TV Broadcasting