Readings in Philippine History - Disadvantages:

o Creators bias
Family History & Genealogy
o Incomplete to little context
Family History o Make inferences
- Getting to know your ancestors through study and Secondary Sources
research
- Something about primary source
- Collection of names of relatives dead or alive
- After the fact
Genealogy - Examples:
o Biography
- Study of tracing pedigree o Newspaper and Magazine (Both)
- Collecting dates, places, and relations o Almanacs, Encyclopedias etc.
Family Tree - Advantages:
o Interpretation
- Record of family’s lineage o Uncovering background of topic
- Tarsilah o Get expert views
- Genogram - Disadvantages:
- Help med professionals o Not that reliable
Understanding History (Louis Gottschalk) o Do not represent first-hand knowledge
o Different interpretations
History
Christianity in Cagayan de Oro
- Aristotle: “History means a systematic account of
a set of natural phenomenon” Himologan
- Past of Mankind - First inhabitants of CDO
- Can’t be reconstructed - From Bukidnon
- Objective and Subjective - Leaders called Datu
o Objective – Evident - Pagan
o Subjective – Personal Bias - CDO is a tributary of Muslim Maguindanao
- Derived from testimony
- Symbolic or representative 1622

Internal Criticism - Spanish missionaries came to Cagayan from

Butuan
- Looks within data itself - Priests:
- Motives of the person o Fray Francicso Dela Madre De Dios
External Criticism o Fray Juan de San Nicolas
- Other Important People:
- Science to a document o Dona Magdalena Bacuya – Grandmother of
- Physical and technical test of the document Datu Salangsang
Primary and Secondary Sources o Datu Salangsang – Himologan Chief
- Converted Datu Salangsang and his people to
Primary Sources Christianity
- Transferred to Cagaiang (San Agustin Cathedral)
- Original object or document; first hand
- Fortification around Cagaiang
- Produced in time period investigated
- Fray Pedro de San Agustin (El Padre Capitan)
- As close as historically possible
(Patron Saint of CDO)
- Examples:
o Diaries and Journals Birhen sa Kota
o Autobiographies
o Speeches - Brought by Rev Fr Casi Quiacao
o Historical Documents - Currently at San Agustin Cathedral
o First-hand Accounts Chapter 1: Philippine Setting Geography
o Sound Recordings and Interviews
o Photographs and Videos The Name of the Philippines
o Letters - MAYI – Chinese – Land of Gold – Mindoro
- Advantages: - ARCHIPELAGO OF ST. LAZARUS – Ferdinand
o Window to the past Magellan – 1521
o Gives a real sense of what happened
 - FELIPINAS – Ruy Lopez de Villalobos – Prince Climate
Philip – 1543
- Tropical and Monsoonal
- FELIPINAS > FILIPINAS – Spanish Era
- Two seasons
- FILIPINAS > THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS –
o Dry – Dec to May
American Era
o Wet – June to Nov
- REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – 1946
o Coldest = Jan; Hottest = May
Other Names
Typhoons and Earthquakes
- Islas de Luzones
- Phil lies in Ring of Fire
- Archipelago de Magallanes
- 20 – 30 typhoons per year; June to Oct
- Emerald Island
- PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical
- Gem of the East
Astronomical Services Administration
- Orphans of the Pacific
- NDCC – National Disaster Coordinating Council
- Isles of Faith
- DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and
- Virgin of Malaysia
Development
- Pearl of the Orient
- NDRRMC – National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Myth of Phil Management Council
- Giant carry rock and threw and broke Philippine Deep
- Sky god and sea god fight; sky threw rocks
- Lowest place – 89 km NE Mindanao
Location - 37732 ft below sea level
- Southeast Asia Mountains
- East = Pacific Ocean; West = West Philippine Sea
- Longest = Sierra Madre
Area
Mountain Place
- 300,780 sq km or 115,800 sq miles (0.2% of world Apo (9690ft) Davao
land area) Pulog Ifugai Benguet
- 7107 islands and islets Banahaw Laguna
- 2773 have names 1190 are inhabited Bulusan Sorsogon
- Halcon Mindoro Oriental
- Kalayaan Island/Spratlys Kanlaon Negros Occidental
o June 11 1978 – PD #1596 Ferdinand Marcos; Matutum Cotabato
Kalayaan Islands Part of Palawan Phil
- Luzon – 141395 sq km Volcanos
- Visayas – 56606 sq km
- Mindanao – 101999 sq km - Mt Mayon
o Feb 1 1814; 1200 died; CAGSAWA
Population - Taal Volcano
o Sept 28 1965; 250 died; 2 Barrios destroyed
- 108 million
- Mt Pinatubo
- 1591 – 667612
o 400 years dormant; 1991; >1M injured;
- 1939 – 16000303
Climate change
- 1994 – 63000000
- NATIONAL CENSUS & STATISTICS OFFICE Natural Resources
o Every 10 years conduct
o Now known as PSA (PHILIPPINE - Plant Life
o 8120 species grow in country
STATISTICS AUTHORITY)
o 1000 var of orchids
Language o 1000 spec of rice
o 3000 spec of trees
- 55 Native languages and 142 Dialects
o Sampaguita – Queen of Phil Flowers
- Native lang belong to Malayo-Polynesian
o Flowers: Amarilla, Bandera Espanola,
o Cebuano – 24.39
Cadena de Amor, Dama de Noche,
o Tagalog – 23.82
Gumamela, Kalachuchi, Ilang-Ilang
o Ilocano – 11.14
o Pung-Apung(Rafflesia) – World’s largest
o Ilongo – 9.99
flower 1 ft
o Bicolano – 6.96
- Animal Life
o Waray – 4.62
 o 850 Species of Birds Chapter 2: Peopling in the Philippines
o Phil Eagle = National bird
Theories
o Kalaw (Horn Bill) = Clock of the Mountains
o Katala(Parrot) = Sing and talk 1. Theory of Evolution – Charles Darwin - Ape –
o Palawan peacock Homo sapiens
o Limbas(Hawk) – Screaming Hawk 2. Ice Age Theory – Ice bridges that connect phil to
o Tamaraw of Mindoro (Water Buffalo) asia
o Tarsier of Bohol (Smallest Primate) 3. Tabon Man Theory – Palawan – Tabon Cave
o Mouse Deer (Smallest Deer) 4. Trickle Theory – Small groups of people from
o Zebronkey (Zebra + Donkey) other countries
- Fish & Marine Resources 5. Wave Theory – Large groups from Malaysia and
o 2000 Species of Fish Indonesia
o Banak 6. Fritjof Voss – Phil never part of asia
o Lapu2 7. Prof. H. Otley Beyer – Malayan culture
o Dalag 8. Prof. F. Landa Jocano – Fossils also came from
o Bangus New Guinea, Borneo, and Austrailia
o Carpa
o Dalagang Bukid Negritos
o Whale Shark – Largest fish; 50 ft - 25000 years ago
o Pandaka pygmaea – 9.6mm; grain of rice; - Less than 5 feet tall
Malabon river; Albert Herre - Black – short kinky hair – thick lips
o Tabios – 3-4mm; Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur - Little clothing
- Minerals - No gov’t/system of writing
o Phil is one of Asias gold prod region - No permanent homes
Mineral Places - Hunting, fishing, gathering
Copper Mankaya - Hills of Zambales
Surigao, Angat, Cam Nor, Indonesians
Iron
Marinduque, Samar
Nonoc Coast (Surigao - First in the Phils, 5000 YA
Nickel
norte) - Boats
Cebu, Polilo, Masbate, - Tall, lightskin, large forehead, high nose, thin lips
Coal
Mindanao - More advanced
Asbestos Ilocos Norte, Zambales - Permanent homes – use fire
Asphalt Leyte - Hunting, fishing, farming
Lead and Zinc Masbate - Painted body
Cebu, La Union, Rizal Apayaos, Gaddangs, Ibanags, Tagbanua,,
Cement -
Prov
Bagobos, Mandaya, Bukidnons, Tirurays,
Sulphur Biliran, Camiguin, Apo
Subanuns
Mindoro, Romblon,
Tin and Quicksilver - Arrived in two waves – 3000 BC and 1000 BC
Palawan
Malays
- Scenic Beauty of Nature
- Came about 2000 YA
Landmark Location - Sailed from Southeast Asia
Banaue Rice Terraces Northern Luzon - Medium H, browned skin, dark eyes, straight hair,
Mt. Mayon Bicol flat nose
Pagsanjan Falls and - More civilized – Lived in larger villages
San Pablo City
Gorge - Had government, system of writing, music, arts,
Hidden Valley of Alaminos Laguna
science
Taal Volcano Batangas
- Agriculture, Mining, Fishing, Trading
Crystal Cave Baguio City
- Balangay – boats used. Java Sumatra Borneo
Lingayen Gulf,
Hundred Islands
Pangasinan
Sparkling Salinas Salt
Nueva Vizcaya Islam
Spring
Chocolate Hills Bohol
- Malaysia – Arab traders, missionaries, and
Underground River Palawan
teachers
 - 1380 – 1st Arab = Mukdum came to sulu – Simunul - Inheritance and Succession
Sulu = 1st mosque Abu Bkr married princess of o Property is divided to legit children
Jolo - Sulu o 1st son is chief
- Serf Kabungsuwan – Cotabato – Maguindanao - Government
- Msnila & Tondo became a Muslim kingdom o Brgy = 30 to 100 families
- Practices: o Came from balangay
o Polygamy, Divorce, Pilgrimage to Mecca, o Each barangay is ruled by a chief
Ramadan, Singkil o Chief = ruler, exec, legis, judge
- Laws
Chapter 3: Early Customs and Practices
o Customary or written
- Pre – Colonial = Still active o Handed down (eg Code of Kalantiaw)
- Clothing o How it’s made
o Kanggan – Black collarless jacket with short  Umalohokan announces the law made by
sleeves chief
o Bahag – Strip of cloth for waist  Judicial process – chieftain’s choice
o Baro or Camisa – Women dress for upper o Trial by ordeal
o Saya – Dress for lower  Put stone in boiling water man with most
o Patadyong – Loose skirt for Visayans burns = guilty
o Barefoot  1st candle to die = guilty
o Putong – Head gear for male  1st to come out river = guilty
- Ornaments  Thickest saliva = guilty
o Personal adornment, Women - Religious Beliefs
o Kalumbiga – trappings as armlets, pendants, o Bathala – God
etc o Idiyana;e – Agri
o Made out of gold o Sidapa – Death
o Tattoo – Enhance beauty, ink o Balangaw – Rainbow
- Houses o Mandarangan – War
o Wood, Bamboo, Nipa palm o Agni – Fire
o Set upon high columns o Magwatern – Other world
- Social Class o Lalahon – harvest
o Gat/Lakan – Chiefs and their families o Siginarugan – Hell
o Freemen/Mahadlika o Diyan Masalanta – Love
o Dependents/Alipin - Burial
 Tagalogs o Baylana/Katalona – Priest/ess offering
 Namamahay prayers to anitos
 Sagigilid Lumads (Indigenous People) of Mindanao
 Visayans
 Tumataban – Master summoned - Mindanao = home of the largest number of
 Tumarampuk – One day indigenous groups
 Ayuey = 3 Days - AKA Lumads
- Position of Women - First were small wandering bands 50000 – 30000
o Equal with men, give children, be chief, trade years ago
- Marriage Customs - Aetas
o Married with same class o Living a sedentary life
o Legit wife = Asawa o Descendants = Mamanua – northeast region
- Dowries of Mindanao
o Bigay Kaya – Gold/Dependents - 4000 – 3000 YA: Austronesian from South China
o Panghimuyat – Payment as mothers came to Borneo; Language - PROTO MANOBO;
o Himaraw – Sum of money Practice Horticulture
o Bigay Suso – Yaya - Manobo are largest ethnolinguistic group; 20
o Kawasateg Variants
o Siwaka - Circa 1000 – 3000, other Austronesian speakers
o Enduatan could have arrived
o Pangatulian - 14th Century - Sulu: 15th Century - Cotabato
o Tatas
o Langkad
o Lekat